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Journey to the Center of the Earth

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10 Best Movies Based On Jules Verne Books, Ranked

• Jules Verne's work has inspired numerous movie adaptations and is the foundation for some of the earliest science fiction films.
• Some Jules Verne adaptations are entertaining and enjoyable, while others are outdated and not required viewing.
• The film "Journey to the Center of the Earth" (2008) successfully updates Verne's classic story with modern special effects and remains fun to watch.

Jules Verne is undoubtedly one of the most prominent authors in science fiction , and its no wonder that his works have inspired countless movie adaptations. One of the most translated writers in human history, the French author has written legendary tales like 20,000 Leagues Under The Sea, Journey to the Center of the Earth, and Around the World in 80 Days . Verne's daring imagination put him far ahead of his time, and it's no surprise that movie studios have sought to replicate his sense of wonder with multiple live-action adaptations of Jules Verne stories .

Jules Verne's work has become the foundation for some of the earliest films in the science fiction genre , some of which even hold up today remarkably well as enjoyable, adventurous romps through the imagination. The mid-to-late 2000s saw a resurgence of Jules Verne films as well, to varying degrees of success, with studios hoping to recapture the joy and nostalgia of the earliest films to adapt Verne's books for a new generation. With so many familiar titles, it's a difficult task to distinguish the very best depictions of Jules Verne's novels over the years.

Journey To The Center Of The Earth

An easily-overlooked made-for-TV movie, the two-part Journey to the Center of the Earth special was a solid attempt at getting to the center of what made Verne's original story so memorable. The film is decidedly slow-moving and low-budgeted, with some creature effects occasionally bordering the precipice of acceptable for a shoestring budget, but the C-List actors can often bring in decent performances amid the campy set-dressing. Despite it's many flaws, the two-part film is an entertaining, knowingly campy jog through Verne's beloved tale of subterranean exploration.

Master Of The World

Master of the World is the sole film to adapt Jules Verne's novel of the same name, and when compared to his other, more well-known stories, it's easy to see why. The narrative of a rich maniac dedicated to the idea of threatening the world's governments into laying down their arms isn't quite as whimsical as Verne's other premises. As for the film, despite rich talent from the likes of a young Charles Bronson and the legendary Vincent Price , the special effects are especially outdated, even for the time period . Master of the World is fun, but not required viewing.

Journey 2: The Mysterious Island

Journey 2: the mysterious island.

Journey 2: The Mysterious Island is the follow-up to 2008's Journey to the Center of the Earth. The film takes place four years after the original, showing Sean Anderson (Josh Hutcherson teaming up with Hank, his stepfather, to find his lost grandfather. Due to scheduling issues, Brendan Fraser wasn't able to return as Trevor Anderson but was replaced by Dwayne Johnson as the film's lead.

Release Date 2012-02-12

Director Brad Peyton

Cast Josh Hutcherson, Michael Caine, Vanessa Hudgens, Dwayne Johnson

This semi-adaptation picks up where 2008's Journey to the Center of the Earth left off, replacing Brendan Fraser with Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson. As the passable action adventure delves into the incredible isle, the tone rides a strange line, at once too scary for younger viewers and too subdued for older ones. Amid mediocre CGI and all-too subdued performances, the best thing that can be said about Journey 2: The Mysterious Island was how it pioneered the art of throwing Johnson into a jungle, later done better in films like Jungle Cruise and Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle .

Around The World In 80 Days

Though the idea of circumnavigating the globe in the span of 80 days is now a triviality, in Verne's time, such a time was the stuff of science fiction. The 1956 take on the story is an incredibly grand adventure comedy with a runtime that feels nearly as long as the titular journey itself. The international cast is crammed with stars of Hollywood's Golden Age , who had enough charisma between them to earn the film an early Academy Award for Best Picture. Today, the spectacle and aged humor can be best appreciated as a museum of 50s stardom.

Starring a young Josh Hutcherson and Brendan Fraser, still hot off the success of The Mummy trilogy , 2008's Journey To The Center Of The Earth had all the makings of an action-adventure hit. Being the first to truly update one of Verne's classic stories with modern special effects, the film still looks great 15 years later, even if it is marred by several obvious moments clearly meant to be enjoyed in the context of a 3-D theater. Adapting the classic adventure about as well as it could have, Journey To The Center Of The Earth isn't revolutionary, but undeniably fun.

While most adaptations of Verne's work make at least some departures from the source material, 2004's Around The World In 80 Days completely re-imagines the story as a raucous action-comedy. Though critically-panned at the time, the film is endlessly re-watchable today , with eye-popping action choreography courtesy of Jackie Chan's Passepartout and deadpan comedic timing from Steve Coogan's Phineas Fogg. If the anachronisms and deviations from Verne's novel can be forgiven, Around The World In 80 Days is a creative globe-trotting adventure that doesn't get the respect it deserves.

There's simply no replicating the cheesy fun of the original Journey To The Center Of The Earth , an earnest science fiction adventure movie that wears its heart on its sleeve. The special effects are certainly dated, but it's hard not to wring a certain level of charm out of the delicately hand-painted backgrounds and practical lizardman costumes. Beyond the addition of the deliciously dastardly villain, Count Saknussemm, the film is also one of the most faithful to Verne's work, a commendable effort in and of itself.

The Mysterious Island

The Mysterious Island is one of Jules Verne's lesser-known stories, but the 1961 film of the same name takes every advantage of the novel's conceits. Following a group of Union soldiers in the Civil War who escape prison in a hot air balloon only to wash up on a bizarre uncharted island, the film's sense of tension only ever dials up, as the heroes contend with grimy human pirates and giant fauna rendered by the talent of stop-motion legend Ray Harryhausen . Not the deepest narrative, this thrilling tale of danger holds up decades later remarkably well as a harrowing odyssey.

20,000 Leagues Under The Sea

One of Disney's earliest forays into live-action storytelling, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea presented the aquatic crew of the Nautilus with untold dangers then-undreamed of by 50s audiences. Beyond the great creature and sci-fi technology designs that still hold up today, the film offers substantially more heart than most other Verne adaptations, taking the time to acclimate the viewer with its intrepid adventurers. It's no wonder that 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea was influential enough to earn a spot as a Disneyland mainstay even seven decades after its original release.

A Trip To The Moon

It's only fitting that the world's first science fiction movie sprung from the mind of one of the genre's most influential authors. Presenting early audiences with a dizzying idea of space travel long before the first astronaut was born, A Trip To The Moon 's hypnotic, almost feverish visuals and brisk 14-minute run time assaults the imagination with a yet-unmatched spectacle of dreamlike reality. From the Moon's incredulous face to the dancing insectoid aliens that vanish in a literal puff of smoke, A Trip To The Moon is by far the most influential science fiction film courtesy of Jules Verne.

David Tennant’s ‘Around the World in 80 Days’ Second Season in Development; Jules Verne Adaptations Continue With ‘Journey to the Centre of the Earth’

By K.J. Yossman

K.J. Yossman

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David Tennant ‘s upcoming series “Around the World in 80 Days” hasn’t yet hit screens but producers are so confident in the show they’re already developing a second season, with Ashley Pharoah (“Life on Mars”) returning as showrunner.

Variety also hears Tennant is almost certain to reprise his role as adventurer Phileas Fogg for season 2. He stars alongside Ibrahim Koma (“As Far as I Can Walk”) as Passepartout and Leonie Benesch (“The Swarm”) as Abigail.

Production companies Slim Film + Television and Federation Entertainment confirmed the series will return for another season, and also unveiled another Jules Verne adaptation, “Journey to the Centre of the Earth,” with Pharoah also on board as showrunner.

“Journey to the Centre of the Earth” tells the story of geology professor Professor Lidenbrock who mounts an expedition to the earth’s core in a bid to unlock the secrets of humanity and its future. Casting has not yet been revealed.

Simon Crawford Collins will produce both series for Slim Film + Television and Lionel Uzan for Federation.

Popular on Variety

“We have loved working on the sequel to ‘Around the World in 80 Days’ and now we are excited to also bring Ashley’s trademark blend of humour and emotion to ‘Journey to the Centre of the Earth,'” said Crawford Collins in a statement. “Ashley has developed an ensemble of exciting new and updated characters to bring a fresh and modern take to another of Jules Verne’s beloved novels.”

Uzan added: “We couldn’t be more excited to embark on this thrilling new adventure with Slim and keep exploring Jules Verne’s deeply compelling and trailblazing legacy together. Working hand-in-hand on ‘Around the World in 80 Days’ has been an inspiring experience for us all, and fresh-off this first globe-trotting odyssey together, it only seemed natural that our next journey would bring us to the innermost depths of our planet and its many secrets through this ever-more relevant story.”

The first season of “Around the World in 80 Days” will launch Jan. 2 on Masterpiece PBS in the U.S. and in December on BBC in the U.K. It will also air on France Télévisions, ZDF, RAI (the European Alliance) and RTBF.

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Journey to the Center of the Earth

An Edinburgh professor and assorted colleagues follow an explorer's trail down an extinct Icelandic volcano to the earth's center. An Edinburgh professor and assorted colleagues follow an explorer's trail down an extinct Icelandic volcano to the earth's center. An Edinburgh professor and assorted colleagues follow an explorer's trail down an extinct Icelandic volcano to the earth's center.

• Henry Levin
• Walter Reisch
• Charles Brackett
• Jules Verne
• James Mason
• Arlene Dahl
• 170 User reviews
• 72 Critic reviews
• 4 nominations total

• Sir Oliver S. Lindenbrook

• Alec McEwan

• Carla Göteborg

• Jenny Lindenbrook

• Count Saknussemm

• Hans Belker

• (uncredited)

• Prof. Bayle
• News Vendor

• Scots Newsman

• All cast & crew
• Production, box office & more at IMDbPro

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Did you know

• Trivia James Mason reportedly had very little patience with Arlene Dahl 's "movie star" preening. Their relationship off-screen was very much like their relationship on- screen.
• Goofs (at around 21 mins) Early in the movie, Oliver Lindenbrook speaks of the "stars and galaxies of outer space." In the 1880s, however, our Milky Way galaxy was believed to constitute the entire universe. Knowledge that other galaxies exist beyond our own did not come about till the 1920s. Thus a man of the 1880s would not use the word "galaxy" in its plural form.

Sir Oliver Lindenbrook : Are we to be abducted every day in Iceland?

• Alternate versions In some European versions of the film, for example the Spanish dubbing, the "Prof of Geology's Song" was re-dubbed into the "Gaudeamus Igitur" song.
• Connections Edited into Attack of the 50 Foot Monster Mania (1999)
• Soundtracks My Love is Like a Red, Red Rose By Robert Burns Set to music by Jimmy Van Heusen (as James Van Heusen) Sung by Pat Boone

User reviews 170

• Space_Mafune
• Mar 22, 2003
• How long is Journey to the Center of the Earth? Powered by Alexa
• December 1959 (United Kingdom)
• United States
• Put u srediste Zemlje
• Carlsbad Caverns National Park - 727 Carlsbad Caverns Highway, Carlsbad, New Mexico, USA (the center of the earth)
• Twentieth Century Fox
• Joseph M. Schenck Enterprises
• Cooga Mooga
• See more company credits at IMDbPro
• $3,440,000 (estimated)

Technical specs

• Runtime 2 hours 9 minutes

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Journey to the Center of the Earth

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Film Details

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Brief Synopsis

Cast & crew, henry levin, james mason, arlene dahl, diane baker, thayer david, photos & videos, technical specs.

In Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1880, Professor Oliver Lindenbrook is knighted to the acclaim of his colleagues and students. When his prize pupil, Alec McEwen, presents him with a lava paperweight to commemorate the occasion, Oliver discovers that encased within the Italian lava is a rock from Iceland, halfway across the world from the volcano. After Oliver identifies some etchings on the rock as those of Saknussemm, an Icelandic scientist who years earlier descended into the interior of the earth, never to return, he sends a dispatch to his colleague, Prof. Goetaborg in Stockholm, asking him to confirm his findings. Upon learning that Goetaborg has vanished, Oliver realizes that the Swede has decided to conduct his own expedition. Now in a race to reach the center of the earth, Oliver and Alec leave immediately for Iceland and Alec bids farewell to his fiancée Jenny, Oliver's niece. Aware that they must begin their descent on the last day of May when the sunrise will pinpoint the opening into the Earth, Oliver hurries to assemble the equipment needed for his journey, but soon learns that it has all been purchased by Goetaborg. When he goes to confront Goetaborg about the situation, Oliver discovers the Swede lying lifeless in his hotel room, poisoned. Soon after, Goetaborg's wife Carla arrives to join her husband. Oliver breaks the news of her husband's death, but when he requests the use of the equipment, Carla agrees on the condition that she be allowed to join the expedition. With no other choice, Oliver reluctantly accepts, and the three are then joined by a husky Icelandic jack-of-all trades named Hans Belker and his pet duck Gertrude. As they slip inside the Earth on the last day of May, they are secretly followed by Count Saknussemm, a descendent of the original explorer. Their first trial occurs when a boulder, dislodged by an earthquake, tumbles threateningly toward them. After a narrow escape, they discern a series of notches left by Saknussemm, marking the path to the center of the Earth. Unknown to them, the count has sabotaged his ancestor's markings, sending Alec over the side of a precipice. After Hans rescues Alec, Carla uncovers the real markings, and they realize they have been tricked. Becoming separated from the rest when he follows a tunnel, Alec sinks through a bed of salt into a chamber, where he comes face to face with the count. When Alex refuses to carry the count's equipment, the count shoots at him, and the sound of gunfire alerts the others to their whereabouts. Following the echoing gunshots, the three soon find the wounded Alec and the count, who threatens them all at gunpoint. After Oliver tricks the count by throwing salt in his eyes, they accuse him of murdering Goetaborg and find him guilty in a mock trial. Although he is sentenced to die, the three find themselves unable to carry out the sentence. The Count then begrudgingly joins the expedition, and as their lamps begin to fail, he discovers a luminescent algae that renders artificial light unnecessary. Two hundred fifty six days later, Carla and Oliver are still bickering about the journey. When Alec discovers a massive mushroom forest, Carla prepares the mushrooms for dinner while the count orders Hans to chop the plants down to build a raft that will carry them across the ocean of the underworld. Just as they are about to set sail, an army of giant flesh-eating lizards appear, but they escape by fleeing into the water. Once at sea, they are encompassed by a magnetic force field which Oliver realizes is the center of the Earth, whose intense centrifugal force throws them onto shore, exhausted. As they sleep, Gertrude waddles off, and when Hans awakens, all he finds is a pile of bloody feathers. Realizing that the count has eaten Gertrude for dinner, Hans lunges at him, and when the count retreats, he is crushed by a falling pillar of rocks. The collapse reveals the sunken city of Atlantis, where they find the skeleton of Saknussemm, his finger pointing to a shaft that leads to the chimney of a volcano in Stromboli, Italy, the way out of the underground. Oliver sends Hans to inspect the shaft, and when Hans reports that it is obstructed by a giant block of stone, Oliver decides to dislodge the obstruction by using a cache of gunpowder found in Saknussemm's knapsack. The group takes refuge from the explosion in a giant asbestos chalice, but when the gunpowder fails to ignite, Oliver jumps down to relight it and is attacked by a giant scorpion. Escaping with Alec's help, Oliver climbs back into the chalice just as the gunpowder detonates, killing the serpent and destroying Atlantis. The chalice and its inhabitants are swept up though the tunnel and spewed out into the sea, where all but Alec, who lands in a tree, are rescued by Italian fishermen. The party then returns triumphant to Edinburgh, where Jenny and Alec are married. When Oliver asks Carla to stay and collaborate with him on his memoirs, she reacts with indignation at being relegated to the role of his secretary until he proposes and embraces her.

Peter Ronson

Robert adler.

Alan Napier

Alex finlayson, frederick halliday, alan caillou, ivan triesault, peter wright, molly roden, edith evanson, owen mcgivney, kendrik huxham, molly glessing, john barclay, peter fontaine, john ainsworth, myra nelson, thomas f. martin, l. b. abbott, franz bachelin, lincoln barnett, herman a. blumenthal, charles brackett, robert burns, charles [g.] clarke, warren b. delaplain, leonard doss, david ffolkes, bernard freericks, stuart gilmore, james b. gordon, bernard herrmann, jack w. holmes, joseph kish, emila kose jr., lionel newman, walter reisch, joseph m. schenck, bernard schwartz, walter m. scott, helen turpin, james van heusen, lyle r. wheeler, photo collections.

Award Nominations

Best art direction, best special effects.

I never sleep. I hate those little slices of death. - Count Saknussem

The screenwriter evidently thought that since English-speaking people can have surnames like London or York then Swedes can be named Goetaborg (Goteborg is the second largest city in Sweden) - which is most unlikely.

The film's title card reads "Jules Verne's Journey to the Center of the Earth ." The film closes with the following written acknowledgment: "Carlsbad Caverns National Park served as the background for portions of the motion picture. Twentieth Century-Fox expresses its appreciation for the cooperation extended by the National Park Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior." According to studio publicity contained in the film's production files at the AMPAS Library, filming was allowed only at night because of daily public tours scheduled in the caverns. Location filming was also done in Edinburgh, Scotland; Amboy Crater, CA and Sequit Point, CA.        A number of studios and producers considered filming Verne's novel prior to Twentieth Century-Fox's production. According to December 1955 and February 1956 Los Angeles Times news items, producer Eugene Lourie planned to film a version in Italy with Gerard Philipe and Michele Morgan as the stars. According to September 1956 items in Hollywood Citizen-News and Daily Variety , producer Bryan Foy bought the rights to the novel for release through Columbia, but Columbia withdrew its plans upon learning that RKO had begun extensive pre-production work on the same subject.        In October 1958, a Los Angeles Examiner news item stated that Charles Brackett, in association with Twentieth Century-Fox, had bought the rights to the novel from the Korda estate and wanted Clifton Webb to play the role of "Oliver Lindenbrook." Although an April 1959 Hollywood Reporter news item added that Lincoln Barnett was to write the screenplay for Brackett, Barnett's contribution to the released film has not been determined. According to a March 1959 Hollywood Reporter news item, Cooga Mooga Film Productions was Pat Boone's production company. Under Boone'e deal with Twentieth Century-Fox, Boone was to produce and star in the film for a share in the profits, as well as a salary. Journey to tne Center of the Earth marked Boone's first production. In Verne's novel, the character of Lindenbrook was German. The characters "Carla" and "Saknussemm" were added for the film.        Journey to the Center of the Earth was nominated for the following Academy Awards: Best Art Direction, Best Set Decoration, Best Sound and Best Special Effects. Modern sources add that Anna Jane Sitton worked as Arlene Dahl's stand-in and that Alexander Scourby was orginally cast as Saknussemm. According to modern sources, Pat Boone wrote and recorded a theme song that was never used in the film.        Verne's novel has been filmed several other times. In 1976, Almena Films, a Spanish company, released Viaje al centro de la Tierra , starring Kenneth More and directed by Juan Piquer Simón, and in 1989, the Canon Group/Golan-Globus released a version directed by Rusty Lemorande and starring Erno Philips. From 1967-69, ABC television broadcast an animated series loosely based on Verne's novel. Although several new feature film versions of Verne's novel were announced in the early 2000s, none was in production as of spring 2005.

Miscellaneous Notes

Released in United States Winter December 1959

Released in United States on Video August 25, 1988

Released in United States 1998

Shown at Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) as part of program "Twentieth Century Fox and the Golden Age of CinemaScope" July 3 - August 15, 1998.

CinemaScope

Released in United States 1998 (Shown at Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) as part of program "Twentieth Century Fox and the Golden Age of CinemaScope" July 3 - August 15, 1998.)

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Journey to the Center of the Earth 2008

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2.2 Journey to the Center of the Earth

Charlene Estrada

Alfred Wegener’s Continental Drift hypothesis faced some major problems. One was that scientists of the early 1900s thought that the ocean floor was one uniformly flat basin like a cement pool. Such a flat surface beneath the ocean would not bear any evidence of past moving continents. The next chapter will address how this idea significantly changed in the scientific community. The other problem with Continental Drift was that Wegener could not convincingly explain why the continents would move.

To satisfy this issue, geologists needed to think beyond the Earth’s surface. In Wegener’s time, scientists knew some of the necessary information about the Earth’s interior; there was a crust , a mantle , and core . The key to the movement of the continents was not something happening to the crust – it was a process operating within the Earth’s interior in the mantle and the engine driving it within the core! Before we discuss these processes, it is important to understand the differences between each layer in our planet.

Layers of the Earth

In Ancient Greece, they believed that all the matter in the Universe was made up of the four basic elements: Water, Air, Earth, and Fire. Today, we have refined our understanding of the Universe: there are 118 known elements (94 of which are naturally occurring), and there are still four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.

This is all-important in how we describe the interior of our planet. Our Earth is geologically active, and a big reason for that is the fact that the inside of the Earth is composed of different layers. These layers differ chemically – the bulk makeup of elements – and physically – with differences in their states of matter. All of this is a fancy way of saying that the inside of Earth is not the same as the outside!

Crust, Mantle, and Core. Most of you have probably heard of the three main layers of Earth before in school, media, or elsewhere. We live on the crust. Beneath it is a hot mantle, and at the very center of the planet is a very hot core. Even if you aren’t already familiar with this basic description, there’s a good deal more to the composition of our planet. Let’s take a journey to the center of our Earth!

Video 2.2.1. Layers of the Earth mini-lecture, by Khan academy (9:32).

Or take your own journey right here!!

Stop 1: The Crust

Physical State: Solid

Chemical Composition: O, Si, Al, Fe,

Depth: 0 – 70 km (variable depending on crust type)

Temperature: 0 – 500 °C

Video 2.2.2. How much do you have to dig to reach the Earth’s core? Take a trip through markers in buried layers until you reach the center? (3:05)

The crust is where we and every known organism on the planet lives. It may be pretty important to us, but it only makes up a measly 1% of Earth’s total mass! Even if it is a very thin layer on Earth, the majority of geologic hazards we will be studying occur on the crust.

The crust is mainly composed of 4 elements: 46.6% Oxygen, 27.7% Silicon, 8.1%, Aluminum, and 5.1% Iron [7]. These elements mostly form igneous rocks in the crust, although a smaller percentage of the crust is also made of the two remaining rock types, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Physically, the crust is solid and pretty brittle at the uppermost regions on the surface. However, we draw some distinctions between two types of crust: oceanic and continental.

As the name implies, oceanic crust can be found underneath the world’s oceans. It is the denser of the two crust types because it contains more rocks and minerals with heavier elements such as iron (Fe). Basalt and gabbro are very common rock types found here. Oceanic crust is typically thin, about 5 km, or sometimes at maximum, 10 km, but there is another intriguing property about the crust beneath the oceans: it’s young. Although our planet is 4.54 billion years old, the oldest oceanic crust is typically about 200-300 million years old. Why is there such a disconnect? We will explore this further as we investigate plate tectonics!

The continental crust is the material that makes up the large landmasses of our world. It is lighter than oceanic crust because it contains rocks and minerals with lighter elements, such as those with more silicon and alkali elements . Some rocks that you would typically find on continental crust would be granite, rhyolite, andesite, and diorite. Unlike oceanic crust, continental crust is very thick: in some areas it can be between 40 – 70 km in depth! Continental crust can sometimes be billions of years old, and it can hold clues for the oldest events in Earth’s history.

Stop 2: The Upper Mantle

PASSPORT TO THE UPPER MANTLE

Chemical Composition: O, Si, Mg

Depth: ~70 – 410 km

Temperature: 500 – 900 °C

We’ve now arrived at the Earth’s mantle , which makes up over 80% of Earth’s total volume – don’t get lost! Because of its great volume and variation with increasing depth, it is more accurate to think of the mantle as being separated into two distinct zones: an upper and lower mantle. Here, we will begin with the upper mantle.

At the upper mantle, we see a distinct change in chemical composition from the crust. The mantle is much denser with an elemental breakdown of 44.8% oxygen, 22.8% magnesium, and 21.5% silicon [8]. Silicate rocks and oxide minerals often form here, but many of them would not be as common on the surface: peridotites, spinels, garnets, and olivine are all prime examples.

If you were to do a quick search for the depth of the upper mantle, you won’t get a consensus between different sources; the depth, pressure, and temperature of the upper mantle vary! The exact transition point to the lower mantle is a matter of debate because we cannot directly observe it. So, what do we know?

From the crust-mantle boundary down to about 100 km beneath the Earth’s surface, the upper mantle is rigid. This means that even though it is hotter and chemically different than the crust, this section of the mantle will tend to break and rupture when it is subjected to stress. This section of the mantle belongs to what we call the “ lithosphere “, and we will discuss what that means later in the chapter.

Between 100 – 410 km deep, the upper mantle becomes hotter and begins to flow and stretch easier; we call this reaction ductility or plastic flow . Nevertheless, this section of rock is still solid. This part of the mantle is called the “ asthenosphere “, but don’t worry about this term and its implications just yet – all you need to know now is that with depth, the upper mantle is beginning to act differently!

Backyard Geology: San Carlos, Arizona.

The San Carlos Apache Reservation is located east of Phoenix in Gila County. This region is a rich source of the gem peridot , which originates from the igneous rock peridotite. Peridotite is an intrusive , ultramafic rock. What makes the occurrence of peridotite and the resulting olivine/peridot unusual is that ultramafic rocks only tend to form at the mantle; we rarely find them on Earth’s surface. How did the peridotite end up at San Carlos? Up to 4 million years ago, a volcano erupted basaltic lava; however, in that eruption, it carried hardened peridotite rocks up to the surface in the process. The mafic magma would not melt the peridotite, because it originally crystallized at higher temperatures deeper in the mantle. Mantle rocks that are brought up to the surface with a volcanic eruption are called xenoliths , which imply that they did not form within or on the crust. The peridotite at San Carlos remains a literal “piece” of our upper mantle that we can physically examine – as it turns out, the mantle is actually green, not hot red or orange as most diagrams of the Earth’s interior might suggest [9]!

Pit-Stop: The Transition Zone

Around 410 – 660 km deep, we enter the transition zone . This area is wide boundary between the upper mantle and the lower mantle. There’s a lot of pressure in the transition zone, which causes the rocks there to become very dense. However, what has really fascinated scientists in recent years has been the discovery of water stored in solid minerals like ringwoodite (Mg 2 SiO 4 ). We currently estimate that there’s just as much stored water in the transition zone as in our oceans [8]!

Stop 3: The Lower Mantle

PASSPORT TO THE LOWER MANTLE

Chemical Composition: Mg, Fe, Si, O

Depth: 660 – 2900 km

Temperature: 900 – 3500 °C

The lower mantle is HUGE! It spans from 660 to 2900 km in depth, and it easily makes up the majority of the whole mantle. At up to 3500 °C, the lower mantle is very hot, but there is also plenty of pressure from the overlying layers of rocks (think over ONE MILLION TIMES the pressure we have on the surface of Earth!). Some websites and sources might claim that because of the high temperatures, the lower mantle is liquid, but this is not true! The high pressures experienced at the lower mantle keep the materials in the solid phase [8].

There’s still a lot that we don’t know about the lower mantle. It is generally agreed that because of the pressure, the rocks in this layer do not flow and stretch with ductile deformation as much as they might in the upper mantle . A lot of the lower mantle is also composed of Mg, Si, and O, but the main minerals are made of Mg, Si, and Ca, which are squeezed together in an atomic structure called the perovskite group.

Stop 4: The Outer Core

PASSPORT TO THE OUTER CORE

Physical State: Liquid

Chemical Composition: Fe, Ni

Depth: 2890 – 5150 km

Temperature: 4,500 – 5,500 °C

Welcome to the core – it’s getting hot! At a devilish 4,500 to 5,500 °C, the material in the outer core cannot remain solid. The outer core is the only liquid layer in the Earth’s interior [10]. Just imagine – molten, liquid iron and nickel swirling around under tremendous pressures and temperatures! The outer core is not only fascinating; it is responsible for making life far more tolerable here on Earth’s surface. But how?

Iron and nickel are both metallic elements that also hold some magnetic properties – think about a refrigerator magnet attracting iron shavings, for example. When these elements move around in liquid form, they actually generate electric currents! When these currents are combined with the way the Earth is tilted slightly on its axis and rotates, a magnetic field is established.

Video 2.2.3 Why does Earth have a magnetic field? And what is the purpose that it serves? (2:04)

Why should we care about a magnetic field? Our Sun emits electromagnetic radiation that can disrupt electronics as well as destroy living tissues. These come in the form of solar flares and coronal mass ejections. Be glad we have a magnetic field around to keep us protected!

Stop 5: The Inner Core

PASSPORT TO THE INNER CORE

Chemical Composition: Fe, Ni (possible other elements Si, C, S, ???)

Depth: 5,150 – 6370 km

Temperature: 5,200 – 6,000 °C

We’ve made it quite literally to the center of the Earth! Our final stop is the inner core , which is a solid sphere composed of iron and nickel. The inner core’s composition is very similar to the outer core ; however, unlike our previous stop, it has remained solid! Why does the inner core remain solid while the outer core is liquid? The temperature of outer core is not much different at nearly 6000 °C, so heat is not the reason [10]. Instead, think about the other process occurring at the inner core: pressure.

To arrive at the inner core, it is necessary to travel to a depth of 5,150 km or about 3,200 miles. Under all of that densely packed rock, the inner core is subjected to at least 3.6 MILLION times the pressure we would experience at the Earth’s surface [10]! That’s enough to keep molten hot iron and nickel in solid form!

Besides iron and nickel, scientists believe that there are trace amounts of other elements in the Earth’s core. The identity of these elements has not been well agreed upon yet – they could be anything from sulfur (S) to silicon (Si) or even carbon (C)! Another strange property of the inner core is that it might even be divided further into an inner-inner core. Geologists suggest that the crystals making up the iron in the outer shell are oriented North and South, whereas those in the inner-inner core are oriented East and West (Stephenson, Tkalčić and Sambridge 2015). This idea of two layers being present within the inner core has been gaining wider acceptance as of 2015, which shows us how much we are constantly learning about Earth’s interior!

A hypothesis that claims the Earth's landforms, specifically continents, move across the oceans over tens of millions of years.

The thin, outermost layer of Earth composed of rigid rock, which is home to all known life on the planet.

A hot interior layer of solid rock between the crust and core that is capable of plastic flow. The mantle is the largest layer of Earth.

The extremely hot center layer within Earth, which is composed mainly of iron and nickel.

Rocks that crystallize from molten materials beneath the Earth surface or from volcanic processes.

rocks that cement together from weathering products, either from sediments or chemical ions in water.

Rocks that form when any type of preexisting rock is warped or transformed under elevated temperatures and pressures.

A type of rigid, thin crust made of iron and magnesium rich minerals that is found beneath the planet's oceans.

Thick crustal material mostly made of feldspar and silica rich minerals which forms the world's large landmasses.

Metals in group I: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and francium.

The outermost layer of the Earth's mantle, which contains both the lower lithosphere and upper asthenosphere. This layer is susceptible to convection currents and plastic flow.

A mineral class that is primarily composed or defined by silicon (Si) and oxygen (O).

A class of minerals with a chemical composition of a metallic element bound with oxygen.

The deeper of the two mantle layers in Earth's interior, also called the mesophere. The lower mantle is hotter and more rigid than the upper mantle.

The outer, relatively rigid layer of the Earth that is composed of crust and upper mantle.

also known as ductile flow or ductility. The tendency for very hot rock to flow like putty under stress.

A ductile but solid, hot layer in the Earth composed of the lower crust and upper mantle that flows like putty over long periods of time. It drives the movement of the rigid tectonic plates riding above.

a gemstone commonly made from the forsterite (Mg-dominated) variety of the mineral olivine

an ultramafic, coarse-grained igneous rock that forms from magma and is primarily composed of olivine and pyroxene.

coarse-grained igneous rock texture with visible crystals within the matrix.

A magnesium and iron rich rock that contains very little silica.

Originating from an iron and magnesium-rich magma/lava composition.

a piece of rock in volcanic deposits that is not from the source magma, but that was created from another process.

a region between the upper and lower mantle in which dense rocks may store water in quantities as large as the Earth's oceans.

Processes that cause a rock body to flow as a solid or otherwise deform without fracturing and faulting.

The hot, liquid layer between the inner core and mantle made of iron and nickel.

A concept which describes how magnetic force is distributed around something, such as a planet.

a spectrum of known energy emitted by any body which can range from damaging gamma radiation, x-rays, UV light, visible light, infrared, microwave, to radio radiation.

the innermost or center layer of the Earth made mostly of iron and nickel and subjected to the highest temperatures and pressures.

Dynamic Planet: Exploring Geological Disasters and Environmental Change Copyright © 2021 by Charlene Estrada is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Around the World in 80 Days, Season 2: New Information Kills Hope

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Last Updated on March 19, 2024 by Stefanie Hutson

Editor's Note: This post has been heavily edited since original publication due to new information we've since received.

What's Around the World in 80 Days About?

Around the World in 80 Days follows Phileas Fogg, a reluctant globe-trotter, in his journey around the world. It is based on the 1872 French novel of the same name by Jules Verne. (Book available in several formats on Amazon HERE ). Verne is also known for his novels Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea and Journey to the Center of the Earth .

In season 1, Phileas Fogg bets he can circumnavigate the world in fewer than 80 days due to a new railroad in India and other the technological advances in travel such as ships, trains, and even air travel. To prove his point, he makes a whopping £20,000 wager with a snobby fellow member of the Reform Club where Fogg spends most of his days. This show is set in the Victorian period, so if you factor in inflation, that wager would be about £2.4 million in 2022 money.

Phileas Fogg (David Tennant), plucky female journalist Abigail Fix (Leonie Benesch), and mysterious valet Passepartout (Ibrahim Koma) travel through Paris, the Italian Alps, Yemen, India, Hong Kong, Japan, and then the United States. Jason Watkins and Lindsay Duncan also appear.

Fun Fact: The first trip circumnavigating the globe took just under three years from 20 Sept 1519 – 6 Sept 1522. In 1889, the first person to travel around the world in under 80 days was the American journalist Nellie Bly at the age of 25. Another adventurous woman, 28-year-old Elizabeth Bisland, was attempting the same journey in the opposite direction and had left New York on the same day, but Bly completed her circumnavigation in just 72 days. Bisland returned in 75 days. On her way through France during the trip, Bly even got to meet Jules Verne who requested to meet her. 

Has Around the World in 80 Days Been Renewed for Season 2?

Unfortunately, it's not looking good. Two years ago, Radio Times announced that Around the World in 80 Days had been officially renewed for a second season ahead of the Boxing Day premiere in 2021. While we reported that based on the fact that the Radio Times is generally very trustworthy, it appears they may have been wrong.

Sadly, there have been no updates since then, and casting databases don't show any upcoming productions related to the original series. Even worse, writer and producer Ashley Pharoah was spotted on Twitter in late 2023 telling a user that a second series looked extremely unlikely:

Alas, the opposite is true! Sorry to say it's pretty unlikely Around The World will come back. Delighted you like it. — Ashley Pharoah (@AJPharoah) November 10, 2023

In the Absence of a Second Season…

There's no reason the adventure HAS to end, of course. Reading isn't quite the same as watching, but a good imagination can certainly bring stories to life. Check out the original Jules Verne books below:

• Around the World in Eighty Days book on Amazon HERE .
• Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea book on Amazon HERE .
• Five-volume Jules Verne collection available on Amazon HERE .

A few similar TV show suggestions to keep you occupied while you wait for Season 2: 

Dickensian . This might fly under the radar for some since it's not a direct adaptation of a Dickens novel. Instead, it's a wonderful mingling of characters from different Dickens stories all in one show. It's fun and inventive. Streaming on BritBox HERE .

The Durrells in Corfu is a fun period drama of a British family living abroad on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s. Starring Keeley Hawes. Available on Amazon Prime HERE .

For an under-the-radar gem, try Hooten and the Lady. This fun show follows an inexperienced explorer from the British museum and the American man who reluctantly helps her travel the world looking for lost treasures. This elusive adventure-comedy is available to stream on Ovation's website for free HERE. It's also available on a Region-2 PAL DVD but you'll need a region-free DVD player to watch it in the US.

Babylon Berlin features Leonie Benesch. This 1920s period drama is set in Berlin and has a great 8.4/10 IMDb rating. It's gritty and suspenseful and was the most expensive non-English-language TV series ever made. It was also the most expensive German TV series ever. German with subtitles. Available on Netflix HERE

Liberty is a writer from Ohio but pretends she's in the English countryside sipping some Yorkshire Gold tea, dunking some Custard Creams, and wondering who stole her TARDIS.

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'Journey to the Centre of the Earth' adaptation announced by 'Around the World in 80 Days' creators

'Journey to the Centre of the Earth' is the second Jules Verne adaptation from Slim Film and Federation Entertainment.

Journey to the Centre of the Earth is the latest Jules Verne novel to be adapted by Slim Film + Television and Federation Entertainment, with Ashley Pharoah on board as showrunner. 

The classic sci-fi story follows Professor Otto Lidenbrock, a German geology expert who launches an expedition to the Earth's core in search of its secrets. Along the way, his expedition faces everything from massive subterranean caves, subpolar tornadoes, dinosaurs, and plenty of other dangers.

Casting for Journey to the Centre of the Earth has not been announced, nor has a release date.

This announcement comes ahead of the release of Around the World in 80 Days (pictured above). This new drama has been developed by the same team, is an upcoming adaptation of Verne's beloved novel with David Tennant set to star as the lead adventurer, Phileas Fogg. Tennant appears alongside Ibrahim Koma as Passepartout and Leonie Benesch as Abigail Fix.

Slim Film + Television and Federation Entertainment are so confident in this upcoming series that they have already greenlit a second season ahead of the first's release. This second season will see the trio taking on another perilous globe-trotting challenge, and the primary cast is expected to return.

Simon Crawford Collins, who will produce both shows for Slim Film + Television, said in a statement: " We have loved working on the sequel to ' Around the World in 80 Days and now we are excited to also bring Ashley [Pharaoh]'s trademark blend of humour and emotion to Journey to the Centre of the Earth.

"Ashley has developed an ensemble of exciting new and updated characters to bring a fresh and modern take to another of Jules Verne's beloved novels", he added.

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The latest updates, reviews and unmissable series to watch and more!

Around the World in 80 Days ' first season is scheduled on PBS on Sunday, Jan. 2, 2022, in the US. Currently, a UK release date has not been set for Around the World in 80 Days , although we do know the series will air on BBC1 as part of its Christmas TV line-up when it arrives.

• Best BBC dramas

Martin is a Staff Writer with WhatToWatch.com, where he produces a variety of articles focused on the latest and greatest films and TV shows. 

Some of his favorite shows are What We Do In The Shadows , Bridgerton , Gangs of London , The Witcher , Doctor Who , and Ghosts . When he’s not watching TV or at the movies, Martin’s probably still in front of a screen playing the latest video games, reading, or watching the NFL.

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Journey to the Center of the Earth

An original and unabridged edition (annotated), publisher description.

From one of the best storytellers of all time comes this wonderful Sci-Fi classic, Journey to the Center of the Earth. Professor Lidenbrock and his nephew Axel stumble across an ancient rune or map that shows the way into the Earths core via the North Pole. Travel with the Professor into the subterranean world in this fantastical voyage from the master that brought you 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea and From the Earth to the Moon, Jules Verne! About the Book Jules Verne wrote the novel Journey to the Center of the Earth in 1864. It narrates the tale of a professor, his nephew, and their guide who go via an Icelandic volcano to reach the Earth's heart. The book delves into a number of scientific and imaginative ideas, such as the possibility of a hollow Earth, ancient animals, and geological structures. Journey to the Center of the Earth by Jules Verne, is a Classic Science Fiction Novel first published in France in 1867. A Look Inside “We are of opinion that instead of letting books grow moldy behind an iron grating, far from the vulgar gaze, it is better to let them wear out by being read.” “Science, my boy, is made up of mistakes, but they are mistakes which it is useful to make, because they lead little by little to the truth.” ― Jules Verne, Journey to the Center of the Earth A Stunning Reproduction At Last Chance Publishing, we take every step possible to ensure the original integrity of this book has been upheld to its highest standard. This means that the texts in this story are unedited and unchanged from the original authors publication, preserving its earliest form for your indulgence. This title is one of the best classic Sci-Fi books, of all time, words strung together with such romantic precision, a historical novel that you just do not see in the modern age. This title will make an excellent gift to the Jules Verne buff in your life or a fantastic addition to your current collection. We are ready to ship this book off to you today at lightning speed, so you will find yourself indulging in this title without delay. Books Specifics • 1867 Text • Classic Science Fiction Annotated Content • Historical Context • Detailed 19th Historical bullet pointed context

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