tourism in egypt essay

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Tourism in Egypt

Executive summary

Tourism is classified as leading global economic force. The earnings and GDP contribution emerging from tourism activities makes it a topic of global importance. For several years, Egypt has been a leading tourist destination in Africa and also in other parts of the world. The earnings from tourism activities contribute immensely to the gross national product of the country. It is worth noting that the well-being of the Egyptian economy largely depends on a good year of tourism. Most of the tourism activities in Egypt are reliant on the ancient monuments and cultural events (MacDonald & Rice, 2010). Nevertheless, the country has been in relentless efforts to make sure that there is the creation of modern tourist attractions such as modern resorts and golf courses. The combinations of the new and traditional tourists’ attractions sites have contributed immensely to the growth of the tourism sector in Egypt.

Apart from the numerous tourists’ attractions sites, the tourism industry in Egypt has also thrived as a result of the proximity and favorable geographical location of the country. It is interesting to note that Egypt is located in North Africa where it borders the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and Gaza strip. Its strategic location has been instrumental in the growth of the tourism sector in the country. Tourists from all over the world have been able to access the different tourist attractions in Egypt due to its accessibility through air and water navigation. Nevertheless, there have been numerous challenges to the tourism sector in the country (International Business Publications, 2007). It is, therefore, essential for the government of Egypt and the stakeholders to put in place policies that will promote and enhance tourism in the region. This chapter will have an in-depth analysis of tourism industry in Egypt and offer recommendations that can lead to enhanced earnings from the tourism sector.

As aforementioned, Egypt has been a leading tourist destination for several years. Having a total land area of approximately 995,450sq.kms, the country is the most populous in the Arab world and the second most populous country in Africa. The populous country is also known to hold people of diverse cultural and social beliefs. It is imperative to point out that the country has people with different backgrounds such as Turkey, Arab, Nubian, Africa, European, ancient Egyptians and Eastern Europeans among others (Hara, 2008). The diverse communities living in Egypt has brought about cultural diversity that to a great extent has promoted tourism in the area.  With this in mind, cultural tourism contributes significantly to the tourism basket in Egypt.  For instance, Egyptians are known to hold strong cultural practices that are part of tourist attraction. The great lengths Egyptians went in preserving the bodies of the dead, burial sites and the 70 days it takes to preserve a body for decent burial are some of the cultural practices that form tourist attraction.

Heritage tourism is also popular in Egypt. For so many years, Egypt has been known for the pyramids of Giza, the pharaohs, beautiful mosques and traditional monuments. Also, the country enjoys ancient mysteries of Luxor and Aswan in the Upper Egypt all of which have contributed significantly towards the tourism development in the area (International Business Publications, 2007). Egypt is also known as a home of several Islamic art and architecture which have also contributed to the growth of the tourism sector in the country. Besides the traditional tourists’ attractions sites, the country also enjoys modern tourist attractions. For example, the beautiful and inexpensive beaches on the red sea offer an excellent source entertainment to visitors. Tourists enjoy scuba diving in these beaches as they get a clear view of the Egypt’s red sea coral reefs (Agarwal & Shaw, 2007). The spectacular oasis in the Egyptian deserts also offers another site where tourists enjoy both cold and hot water bath from water springs.

European tourism is the most common form of tourism in Egypt.  Most of the Europeans are known to spend their vacations in Egypt where they enjoy the cultural, heritage and modern tourists’ attractions sites in the region. The most common places where these Europeans are fond of visiting includes; Hurghada, Sharm-el-Sheikh, and Safaga among others. Also, innovations of the Paranoiac ancient artifacts have been a unique appeal to Egypt as well as its inimitable religious and cultural testimonials that have been a great source of tourism motivation (Elmers, 2013).  Most of the Europeans tourists entering Egypt are mainly of British origin, and they seem to enjoy the cultural tourism present in the region.

As aforementioned, the Britons forms a significant part of the cultural tourism practiced in Europe. It is interesting to point out that cultural tourism looked fashionable and elite tourism in the 19th century. During the 1850s the country registered 20,000 tourists annually. This figure had risen to 50,000 visitors annually by 1914. Nevertheless, the subsequent years recorded a significant decline in the number of European tourists visiting Egypt every year.  It is, however, prudent to note that the tourism sector also improved significantly between 1980 and 2010 (Sattin, 2011). The increase in the number of British tourists in Egypt can be explained by the historical invasion of Egypt by Napoleon in 1799. The invasion resulted in the importation of scientists and scholars who had played a significant role in the study and report on ancient Egyptian monuments. Their work had spread widely in Europe, and when the French rule came to an end, the Britons took a special interest in the Egyptian culture and consequently an increase in cultural tourism Egypt.

Besides the numerous cultural attractions, the increase in European tourism was also as a result of guaranteed safety to the visiting guests. It is interesting to acknowledge the significant role played by Muhammad Ali, in ensuring safety, improved and modernized Egyptian economy. He knew that security was paramount for successive cultural tourism (Agarwal & Shaw, 2007). There were also improved transport systems that provided smooth movements for tourists between different destinations. Steam technology was live in Egypt. Trains and steamships made it easy for travelers to commute between the various destinations. The steam technology did not only provide fast means of transport but also ensured cheaper transport mode.

Nevertheless, the second half of the 19th century marked a decline in the number of European tourists practicing cultural tourism. From this time onwards, most of the European tourists visiting Egypt were either for pleasure and health rather than on cultural attainments. Although there was still a good number attending to see ancient monuments and study Egyptian culture, most of them were after pleasure. The decline in British control, as witnessed during the Suez crisis, marked a shift in cultural tourism. This was the beginning of the democratized tourism where most of the European population reduced the urge for cultural tourism and got inclined to pleasure travel (International Business Publications, 2007). Consequently, the Egyptian authorities and policy makers were involved in the introduction of modern attraction sites such as resorts that offered leisure tourism. The need for modern tourist attractions has led to marvelous development along the Egyptian coast. Besides the cheap beaches, the Egyptians have also invested heavily in the construction of modern resorts, hotels, and other modern sites (Ibrahim & Ibrahim, 2003). For instance, the floating hotels found in the Mediterranean Sea are a good indication of the developments in the Egyptian tourism sector.

The tourism industry continues to be a significant part of the country’s GDP. Nevertheless, the industry has been facing a great number of challenges which has consequently brought about a significant decline in the annual number of tourists visiting the country. Although Egypt is known to have a stable economy, it is necessary to ensure that the contribution from the industry is of great significance (Hara, 2008). The current downward trend in the sector is worrying and makes it inevitable to be proactive in ensuring the industry gets back on track.  Terrorism threat, lack of government planning, lack of average accommodation and street disorders are some of the leading factors that have resulted in the massive decline in the tourism industry. To start with, terrorism has become a major problem not only in Egypt but the world as a whole. Most of the tourists are from different parts of the world and are mainly concerned with their personal security. Such people will always avoid to traveling to terrorism hotspots such as Egypt. Terrorism has contributed immensely to the decline in the number of tourists visiting the country every year. Other security concerns such as purse-snatching and other petty crimes have also led to a decline in the number of tourists in Egypt.

Further on, Egypt has been obsessed with the high number of tourists that have been visiting the country in the past. Consequently, it has been difficult to control and manage the vast number of people in the streets thus becoming another issue of concern (MacDonald & Rice, 2010). It is paramount to note that overcrowding will not only ruin the resources being conserved but will also spoil the tourist’s experience.  The congestion in streets and the tourist’s attractions sites can be as a result of poor planning. In the past, it has been reported that the stones from the pyramids have been stolen in the past thus reducing its original height and this could have adversely affected the attractiveness of the site.

Recommendations

It is crystal clear that the tourism industry in Egypt is on a downward trend. It is also evident that the tourism sector is of paramount importance to the Egyptian economy. With this in mind, it is, therefore, inevitable ensuring that there are measures put in place to restore the tourism industry in its rightful place (Elmers, 2013). As aforementioned, the Egyptian economy will largely depend on the number of tourists visiting the country every year. To start with, an intensive advertisement is recommended to ensure that there is a global awareness on the numerous tourists’ attractions sites in the country (International Business Publications, 2007). It is worth noting that there are several people in the world have little or no information on the existence of significant sites such as the pyramids. With intensive advertising, the number of individuals with such knowledge will increase and consequently lead to an influx of tourists in Egypt.

Another important recommendation that will lead to improvement in the tourism industry is improved security. As aforementioned, many people will avoid visiting places where their safety is compromised. Although terrorism is an issue of global concern, it is essential for the Egyptian authorities to ensure that there are internal mechanisms that reduce the instances of terrorism in the region (Sattin, 2011). Enhanced security in all the entry and exit points, resorts, and other terror target areas will be essential in assuring tourists of their safety. On the same note, the Egyptian authorities should ensure that other petty crimes such as purse snatching, verbal and sexual abuse are restrained in the tourists’ attractions sites.

Easier accessibility to the country and the tourist attractions sites will also be critical for an improved tourism sector in Egypt. This will only be realistic if there are better transport and accommodation facilities in the region (Ibrahim & Ibrahim, 2003). For instance, the Egyptians must ensure that their waterways and airways are safe and accommodative for international arrivals. Also, the travels must be cheap and readily available to ensure that the involved people can afford. This will be instrumental in opening the Egypt’s tourism to the foreign world (Agarwal & Shaw, 2007). Roads and railway systems in the country must also be improved to ensure easier connections from one place to another. On the same note, it is also wise to build accommodations near the attractions sites to avoid unnecessary travels.

Proper government planning is another essential consideration for an improved tourism sector in Egypt. As aforementioned, there are street congestions and overcrowding in the sites that not only is dangerous to the preservation of the sites but are also damaging to the visitors’ experience. It is therefore recommended that the government should engage in a planning exercise that will reduce congestions on the roads as well as on these sites (Hara, 2008). It is also vital for the government to ensure that there are measures that will lead to the preservation of culture and heritage that has continuously been the leading source of tourism activities in the region (International Business Publications, 2007). In essence, it should be the prerogative of the Egyptian government to ensure there are more services and growth in the tourism industry that will translate into a developed economy.

In conclusion, tourism is one of the most significant global economic activities. It is considered as an important event to people, not only due to the economic gains but also for the leisure and relaxation that comes along (International Business Publications, 2007). Nevertheless, the activity has been touted to have great importance to major world economies and more so to the Egypt’s economy.  Over the years, Egypt has enjoyed numerous tourism activities simply due to its strategic location as well as the various attraction sites in the region (Ibrahim & Ibrahim, 2003). The cultural, religious and ancient monuments and architecture in the region has offered great tourist attractions sites that have put Egypt on the global tourism map. It is, however, prudent to point out that the tourism industry in the country is on the verge of collapse if stringent proactive measures are not in place to correct the situation. In fact, visitors expect to have real time and experiences while in excursion and will snub such experiences if they don’t achieve their objectives (Elmers, 2013). It is on this note that there are various recommendations that ought to be in place to improve tourists’ impressions and experiences. Intensive advertisement, enhanced security, and improved customer experience will be instrumental to tourism development in Egypt. Sustainable tourism will translate to better economic gains for the country.

Agarwal, s. & Shaw, G. (2007). Managing coastal tourism resorts (1st ed.). Clevedon: Channel View Publications.

Elmers, S. (2013). Egypt – impacts & concerns, sustainability & ecotourism, industry (1st ed.). [Place of publication not identified]: Grin Verlag.

Hara, T. (2008). Quantitative tourism industry analysis (1st ed.). Amsterdam ; London: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Ibrahim, F. & Ibrahim, B. (2003). Egypt (1st ed.). London: I.B. Tauris.

International Business Publications, U. (2007). Egypt business intelligence report (1st ed.). [Place of publication not identified]: Intl Business Pubns Usa.

MacDonald, S. & Rice, M. (2010). Consuming ancient Egypt (1st ed.). Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press, Inc.

Sattin, A. (2011). Lifting the Veil: Two Centuries of Travellers, Traders and Tourists in Egypt (1st ed.). I.B. Tauris.

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Tourism in Egypt- An Industry Overview

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Tourism in Egypt is BIG business, but why? Find out why so many people choose to travel to Egypt, what the tourism industry here consists of and what the impacts of tourism in Egypt are in this article. Excited to learn more? Read on…

The geography of Egypt

The tourism industry in egypt, key statistics about tourism in egypt:, most popular tourism attractions in egypt, cultural tourism in egypt, adventure tourism in egypt, beach tourism in egypt, religious tourism in egypt, health and wellness tourism in egypt, ecotourism in egypt, economic impacts of tourism in egypt, social impacts of tourism in egypt , environmental impacts of tourism in egypt , crime and safety , accommodation prices in egypt, the cost of food and drinks in egypt, activities and tour prices in egypt, transportation costs in egypt, common faq’s about tourism in egypt, tourism in egypt- to conclude, tourism in egypt.

Egypt, the land of the Pharaohs and timeless monuments, the pulsating heart of the Arab world, and a melting pot of ancient and modern cultures, offers a travel experience like no other. Known for its warm hospitality and rich heritage, Egypt has attracted explorers, historians, and vacationers for centuries. But there’s more to Egypt than the Great Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx – a lot more.

This article takes you beyond Egypt’s iconic postcard images, guiding you through the country’s bustling marketplaces, serene landscapes, unique culinary experiences, and places where ancient and modern worlds blend seamlessly. Whether you’re an adventurer seeking the thrill of the Sahara’s vast dunes, a history buff hungry for tales of ancient civilisations, or a culture enthusiast wanting to immerse yourself in the rich tapestry of Egyptian life, this journey is for you.

Egypt is a country located in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and the Red Sea to the east. It has an area of approximately 1 million square kilometres and a population of over 100 million people.

The geography of Egypt is dominated by the Nile River, which is one of the longest rivers in the world . The Nile flows from south to north through Egypt and is the lifeblood of the country, providing water for irrigation, transportation, and other uses. The Nile Delta, or the mouth of the river , located in the north of the country, is a fertile area that supports agriculture.

The majority of Egypt’s population lives in the Nile Valley and Delta, which is a narrow strip of land along the river. The rest of the country is largely desert , including the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, and the Sinai Peninsula.

The Western Desert is a vast expanse of sand dunes and rocky plateaus, while the Eastern Desert is characterised by mountain ranges and deep valleys. The Sinai Peninsula is a triangular-shaped peninsula located between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, and it is mostly mountainous.

Egypt has several important cities, including the capital city of Cairo, which is located in the north of the country on the east bank of the Nile River. Other major cities include Alexandria, located on the Mediterranean coast, and Luxor and Aswan, both located along the Nile River and famous for their ancient temples and monuments.

The tourism industry is a major sector of the economy in Egypt, contributing significantly to the country’s GDP and providing employment opportunities for millions of people. Egypt has been a popular tourist destination for centuries due to its rich history, ancient monuments, and beautiful landscapes.

Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization, including the Great Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, and the temples of Luxor and Karnak. These ancient sites attract millions of visitors every year, making them some of the most popular tourist attractions in the world.

In addition to its ancient history, Egypt also has beautiful beaches along the Red Sea coast, including Sharm El-Sheikh and Hurghada . These destinations offer world-class diving and snorkelling opportunities, as well as other water sports and activities.

Other popular tourist attractions in Egypt include the Nile River cruises, which offer visitors the chance to explore the country’s ancient temples and monuments while enjoying the comfort of a cruise ship. The cities of Cairo and Alexandria are also popular destinations, offering a mix of ancient history and modern culture, including museums, art galleries, and vibrant nightlife.

The Egyptian government has been working to develop the tourism industry in recent years, investing in infrastructure improvements and promoting the country as a safe and attractive destination for visitors. Despite some setbacks due to political instability and the COVID-19 pandemic, the tourism industry in Egypt is expected to continue to grow in the coming years, offering visitors a unique and unforgettable travel experience.

• In 2019, Egypt welcomed approximately 13.1 million international tourists , generating a total of $13.03 billion in tourism revenue.
• The tourism industry in Egypt directly supports approximately 2.5 million jobs, accounting for 9% of the country’s total employment.
• The top five source markets for tourism in Egypt are Germany, Russia, Ukraine , the United Kingdom, and Italy.
• The average length of stay for international tourists in Egypt is around 10 days.
• The majority of international tourists to Egypt (approximately 64%) visit the country for leisure and recreation purposes.
• The most popular tourist attractions in Egypt include the Great Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, the temples of Luxor and Karnak, and the beaches of Sharm El-Sheikh and Hurghada.
• In 2020, tourism in Egypt was severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with international arrivals declining by 70% compared to 2019.
• The tourism industry in Egypt is expected to continue to grow in the coming years, with the government investing in infrastructure improvements and promoting the country as a safe and attractive destination for visitors.

Egypt is home to some of the most iconic and world-renowned tourist attractions, ranging from ancient ruins and temples to breathtaking natural wonders. Here are some of the most popular tourist attractions in Egypt:

• The Great Pyramids of Giza: These pyramids are one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and are the most recognizable symbols of ancient Egypt. They are located just outside of Cairo and attract millions of visitors every year.
• The Sphinx: Located near the Great Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx is a huge statue of a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human. It is one of the most famous landmarks in Egypt.
• The Egyptian Museum: Located in Cairo, the Egyptian Museum houses an extensive collection of ancient Egyptian artefacts, including mummies, jewellery, and statues.
• Luxor and Karnak Temples: These two temples are located on the east bank of the Nile River in Luxor and are among the largest ancient religious sites in the world.
• Abu Simbel: These two temples, located in southern Egypt, were built during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II and are famous for their colossal statues.
• Valley of the Kings: Located in Luxor, this valley contains the tombs of many pharaohs and is a popular destination for tourists interested in ancient Egyptian history.
• Red Sea Resorts: Egypt’s Red Sea coast is home to a number of popular beach resorts, including Sharm El-Sheikh and Hurghada. These destinations offer world-class diving and snorkelling opportunities, as well as other water sports and activities.
• Aswan: This city is located along the Nile River and is famous for its beautiful temples, including the Philae Temple and the Temple of Abu Simbel.
• Alexandria: Located on the Mediterranean coast, Alexandria is a historic city that was once one of the most important centres of learning in the ancient world. It is home to a number of ancient ruins, museums, and beautiful beaches.
• The White Desert: This natural wonder is located in the western part of the country and features unique white rock formations that create a stunning landscape. It is a popular destination for adventure travellers and nature enthusiasts.

Most popular types of tourism in Egypt

Egypt is a diverse destination that offers a wide range of tourism experiences, catering to various interests and preferences. Here are some of the most popular types of tourism in Egypt:

Cultural tourism is one of the most popular types of tourism in Egypt, as the country is home to a rich history and culture that spans over thousands of years. Tourists can explore ancient ruins, temples, museums, and historical sites, such as the Great Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, and Luxor and Karnak Temples.

Egypt also offers a range of adventure tourism opportunities, including desert safaris, camel rides, and hot air balloon rides over the Valley of the Kings. The White Desert is also a popular destination for adventure travellers and nature enthusiasts.

Egypt’s Red Sea coast is famous for its beautiful beaches, clear waters, and world-class diving and snorkelling opportunities. Sharm El-Sheikh and Hurghada are two of the most popular beach destinations in Egypt. Dahab is a less commercial and less developed coastal area that is growing in popularity and the North Coast is popular with locals.

Egypt is an important destination for religious tourism, attracting many visitors to its historic mosques, churches, and synagogues. The Mosque of Muhammad Ali in Cairo, the Coptic Orthodox Church in Alexandria, and the Ben Ezra Synagogue in Cairo are among the most visited religious sites in Egypt.

Egypt also offers a range of health and wellness tourism opportunities, including spa treatments, yoga retreats, and meditation classes. Many hotels and resorts in Egypt offer spa facilities, and the country is known for its natural hot springs.

Cruise tourism in Egypt

Nile River cruises are a popular way to explore the ancient sites and monuments of Egypt, such as the temples of Luxor and Karnak. Visitors can enjoy the comfort of a cruise ship while taking in the stunning scenery along the Nile River.

Ecotourism is a growing trend in Egypt, with many visitors seeking out sustainable and responsible tourism experiences. The Ras Mohamed National Park and the Wadi El Gemal National Park are two popular ecotourism destinations in Egypt, offering visitors the chance to experience the country’s natural beauty and wildlife.

Tourism is a significant contributor to the economy of Egypt, generating revenue, creating jobs, and promoting economic growth. Here are some of the key economic impacts of tourism in Egypt:

• Revenue generation: Tourism is one of the largest sources of foreign exchange earnings for Egypt. According to the World Travel & Tourism Council, the total contribution of travel and tourism to Egypt’s GDP was 11.9% in 2019. In the same year, tourism generated USD 16.6 billion in revenue.
• Job creation: The tourism industry is a major employer in Egypt, providing jobs to millions of people in the country. According to the World Travel & Tourism Council, the tourism industry supported 2.5 million jobs in Egypt in 2019, accounting for 8.7% of total employment.
• Small business development: The tourism industry also plays an important role in supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Egypt, including hotels, restaurants, and souvenir shops. This provides opportunities for local entrepreneurs to start and grow their businesses, contributing to the overall economic development of the country.
• Infrastructure development: The growth of the tourism industry has also led to the development of infrastructure, such as airports, hotels, and transportation systems. This infrastructure not only supports tourism but also benefits other sectors of the economy, such as transportation and construction.
• Foreign investment: The tourism industry in Egypt attracts foreign investment, which helps to stimulate economic growth and create new business opportunities. This investment can also help to improve the quality of services and products in the industry, leading to increased visitor satisfaction and repeat visits.

However, it is worth noting that the tourism industry in Egypt has faced challenges in recent years due to political instability and security concerns.

Tourism has a range of social impacts in Egypt, both positive and negative. Here are some of the key social impacts of tourism in Egypt:

• Cultural exchange: Tourism can facilitate cultural exchange between visitors and locals, allowing for the sharing of ideas, traditions, and values. This can promote mutual understanding and respect between different cultures.
• Employment opportunities: The tourism industry provides employment opportunities for many Egyptians, particularly in areas such as hospitality and tourism services. This can help to alleviate poverty and improve living standards for individuals and families.
• Preservation of cultural heritage: Tourism can also provide an economic incentive for the preservation of cultural heritage sites and monuments, such as the pyramids and temples of ancient Egypt. This can help to ensure that these sites are protected for future generations to enjoy.

• Impact on local communities: Tourism can have both positive and negative impacts on local communities in Egypt. On the positive side, tourism can bring in revenue and stimulate economic development. On the negative side, tourism can also lead to overcrowding, increased prices for goods and services, and a loss of traditional culture and identity.
• Environmental impact: Tourism can also have an impact on the environment in Egypt, particularly in areas such as the Red Sea coast where coral reefs are fragile and vulnerable to damage. Responsible tourism practices, such as sustainable tourism, can help to minimise these impacts.
• Social and cultural changes: Tourism can bring about social and cultural changes in host communities, as they adapt to the needs and preferences of visitors. This can lead to changes in traditional values, customs, and ways of life.

It is important to note, however, that the social impacts of tourism are complex and varied, and depend on a range of factors such as the type of tourism, the scale of tourism, and the level of community involvement and participation. Responsible tourism practices, such as sustainable tourism, can help to mitigate negative impacts and maximise positive impacts.

Tourism can have significant environmental impacts in Egypt, particularly in areas that are popular tourist destinations. Here are some of the key environmental impacts of tourism in Egypt:

• Pollution: Tourism can contribute to air, water, and land pollution in Egypt, particularly in areas with high tourist traffic such as beaches and cities. This pollution can harm local ecosystems, wildlife, and human health.
• Resource consumption: Tourism can place significant demands on natural resources such as water, energy, and land. This can lead to depletion of resources and environmental degradation.
• Habitat destruction: Tourism can lead to habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity, particularly in areas such as coastal zones, wetlands, and forests .
• Waste generation: Tourism can generate large amounts of waste, including solid waste, wastewater, and hazardous waste. Improper disposal of waste can have significant environmental impacts , including pollution of water and soil.
• Climate change: Tourism can contribute to climate change through emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly from transportation and energy use. This can lead to a range of environmental impacts, including sea-level rise, increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, and changes in temperature and precipitation patterns.

To mitigate the environmental impacts of tourism in Egypt, sustainable tourism practices are essential. This can include measures such as promoting eco-tourism, encouraging energy and water conservation, reducing waste generation, and promoting the use of renewable energy sources. It is also important to promote responsible tourism practices among visitors, such as minimising waste generation, conserving natural resources, and respecting local ecosystems and cultures.

Egypt is generally considered a safe country for tourists, but like any other destination, it is important to exercise caution and be aware of potential risks. Here are some key points regarding crime and safety in Egypt:

• Petty crime: Petty crime such as pickpocketing and theft can occur in Egypt, particularly in crowded areas such as markets and tourist attractions. Visitors are advised to be vigilant with their belongings and avoid carrying large amounts of cash or valuable items.
• Scams: Tourist scams are also a concern in Egypt, particularly in tourist areas such as Cairo and Luxor. Visitors should be wary of offers that seem too good to be true, and be cautious when dealing with strangers or unofficial tour operators.
• Political unrest: Egypt has experienced political unrest and demonstrations in the past, which can occasionally lead to violence. Visitors should stay up-to-date on the current situation and avoid large gatherings or demonstrations.
• Terrorism: There is a risk of terrorism in Egypt, particularly in the Sinai Peninsula and border areas. Visitors are advised to stay away from these areas and to follow the advice of local authorities and their travel providers.
• Transportation: Road accidents are a common occurrence in Egypt, and visitors are advised to exercise caution when using public transportation or driving themselves.

It is recommended that visitors to Egypt take common-sense precautions to ensure their safety. This can include being aware of their surroundings, avoiding isolated or poorly lit areas, and following the advice of local authorities and their travel providers. Visitors should also ensure that they have adequate travel insurance and emergency contact information in case of any incidents.

Budget requirements for Egypt 

The required budget for a visit to Egypt can vary depending on a number of factors, including the length of stay, type of accommodation, activities and tours, and personal spending habits. Here are some general guidelines on the costs associated with a visit to Egypt:

The cost of accommodation in Egypt can range from budget options such as hostels and guesthouses to luxury hotels and resorts. Prices can vary depending on the location and level of amenities, but budget travellers can expect to pay around $10-$20 per night for a hostel or budget hotel, while mid-range hotels can cost around $40-$100 per night. Luxury hotels and resorts can cost upwards of $200 per night.

Eating out in Egypt can be relatively inexpensive, particularly if you stick to local street food and budget restaurants. Expect to pay around $2-$5 for a simple meal, while a mid-range restaurant meal can cost around $10-$15 per person. Alcohol is generally more expensive, with a beer costing around $3-$5 and cocktails upwards of $10.

There are a variety of activities and tours available in Egypt, ranging from cultural and historical sightseeing to outdoor activities such as diving and snorkelling. The cost of these activities can vary depending on the type and length of the tour, but budget around $10-$20 for a basic sightseeing tour, and upwards of $100 for a full-day excursion to a popular attraction.

Local transportation in Egypt is relatively inexpensive, with a one-way ticket on public transportation costing around $0.20-$0.50. Taxis, Ubers and private car hire are more expensive, with a taxi ride in Cairo costing around $2-$5 for a short distance, while a private driver can cost upwards of $50 for a full-day tour.

Overall, a budget traveller can expect to spend around $30-$50 per day on basic accommodation, food, and transportation in Egypt, while mid-range travellers can expect to spend upwards of $100-$150 per day. Luxury travellers should budget upwards of $250 per day for high-end accommodation, dining, and activities. It is important to note that these are rough estimates, and costs can vary depending on individual preferences and travel styles.

Is it safe to travel to Egypt?

Egypt is generally considered safe for tourists, but visitors should be aware of potential risks and take appropriate precautions. Petty crime, political unrest, and terrorism are some of the concerns that visitors should keep in mind.

What is the best time to visit Egypt?

The best time to visit Egypt is from October to April, when the weather is cooler and more pleasant. Summer months (June to September) can be extremely hot, particularly in southern Egypt.

What are the must-visit attractions in Egypt?

Some of the most popular tourist attractions in Egypt include the Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, the Valley of the Kings, the Karnak Temple Complex, and the Egyptian Museum.

What are the most popular types of tourism in Egypt?

Cultural and historical tourism are the most popular types of tourism in Egypt, with visitors coming to see the country’s ancient ruins, temples, and artefacts.

What is the currency used in Egypt?

The official currency of Egypt is the Egyptian pound (EGP).

What languages are spoken in Egypt?

Arabic is the official language of Egypt, but English is widely spoken in tourist areas. Note that Egyptian Arabic is not the same as Arabic spoken in some other countries.

Do I need a visa to visit Egypt?

Visa requirements for Egypt vary depending on your nationality. Some nationalities are eligible for visa-free entry, while others require a visa. Visitors are advised to check the latest visa requirements before travelling.

What is the dress code in Egypt?

Egypt is a conservative country, particularly in rural areas and smaller towns. Visitors are advised to dress modestly, covering their shoulders and legs, particularly when visiting religious sites. In tourist areas, however, it is fine to wear less clothing and ordinary Western swimwear.

What is the tipping culture in Egypt?

Tipping is a common practice in Egypt, particularly in the service industry. It is customary to tip hotel staff, restaurant servers, and tour guides.

What are the transport options in Egypt?

Local transportation in Egypt includes buses, trains, taxis, and microbuses. There are also domestic flights available for longer distances. Visitors are advised to use licensed taxis and to negotiate fares before getting into the vehicle.

As you can see, tourism in Egypt is a significant industry that makes a lot of money for the country, but it isn’t without its issues. The key to ensuring the successful future of the tourism industry in Egypt is sustainable tourism management.

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15 best experiences in Egypt for history, adventure and culture

Aug 16, 2023 • 9 min read

From food tours in Cairo to floating in a desert oasis in Siwa, here are the best things to do in Egypt © Oleh_Slobodeniuk / Getty Images

One day you’re climbing the desert’s highest peak, the next you’re walking amid remnants of the world’s oldest civilization or diving into the depths of the Red Sea. Whether Egypt 's on your travel radar for the history, the adventure, the beaches or even just the pyramids, when it comes to things to do, you are spoiled for choice.

Here's our guide to Egypt's very best experiences. 

1. Have breakfast at the pyramids 

8. Why not kick your visit to the pyramids  up a notch with some falafel, hot mint tea and a vast picture-perfect panoramic view of the ancient wonder? Head to the 9 Pyramids Lounge  for influencer-worthy photo ops and a solid Egyptian breakfast of freshly baked bread, feta cheese or a Tahini salad. 

2. Watch an authentic Tanoura performance in Cairo

Old Cairo is also home to the beautifully restored Wekalet el Ghouri Arts Center that hosts a wide array of cultural events. Here you can see an unforgettable Tanoura show – a whirling dervish performance that merges Egyptian folklore and Sufi spiritual chants. This colorful and mesmerizing one-hour experience is a must-see for anyone visiting Cairo. 

Planning tip: The show runs every Monday, Wednesday and Saturday at 7pm, but make sure to show up at 6pm to snag your tickets before they’re gone.

3. Experience Egyptian street food at Cairo's Kebdet El Prince 

Situated in the heart of Cairo’s Imbaba neighborhood is Kebdet El Prince, a haven of Egyptian street food with a side of quintessentially Cairene sensory overload. This bustling joint is ideal for anyone looking to experience Egyptian street food. 

Start with the basics: molokhia (jute mallow), kebda (liver), and sogo’ (sausage). More adventurous foodies should try mombar (stuffed sausage), makhasi (bull tesitcles) and shorbet kaware’ (cow’s foot soup).

Detour: If you can still breathe, have dessert next door at El-Malky and top it off with a mint tea from the cafe across the street. 

4. Wander through the alleys of Old Cairo

The ancient streets of Old Cairo are mazes of narrow alleys filled with monuments, mansions, museums, and mosques. Start at El Moez Street and soak in how the rich architectural, religious and cultural history fuses with the vibrant din of daily local life in this bustling neighborhood. 

Walk until you reach the Khan El-Khalili bazaar where you can shop for everything from soap powder to ornate clothing and small trinkets. Then head to Bab Zuweila – one of three remaining gates from the Old City of Cairo.

Planning tip: Time your arrival to watch the sun setting over the ancient buildings from the towering minarets of Bab Zuweila – one of the best views you’ll find in the city. 

5. Camp in the Fayoum Desert 

Disconnect from the mayhem of modern life with desert camping in  Fayoum . Experience the dunes on a 4WD safari ride with stops at the Wadi el Rayan waterfalls and the crystal blue lakes in the middle of the desert, and top it off with a freshly prepared Bedouin dinner under the stars. Wear comfortable walking shoes and bring a light jacket if your trip is in the summer; for winter, pack your whole closet – the desert gets cold at night. Fayoum is just two hours south of the capital, so this trip can easily be done as a weekend getaway from Cairo.

Planning tip:  For an optimal night of clear stargazing without light pollution, time your visit to Wadi el Rayan or Wadi al Hittan (Valley of the Whales) for when there’s no moon.

6. Go kitesurfing at the Blue Lagoon  

Time stands still at the turquoise Blue Lagoon. Located between the shadows of the Sinai Mountains and the crystal waters of the Red Sea, the Blue Lagoon has flat waters and strong winds, making this Red Sea sweet spot a kitesurfer’s paradise. 

Novices can book a private kitesurfing course upon arrival. If you’re not into kitesurfing, the Blue Lagoon is a perfect spot to do absolutely nothing by laying on the beach, enjoying the sea and serenity.

7. Float in Siwa’s picturesque Salt Lakes 

Picture this: floating in a perfect pool of crystal blue waters in the middle of the desert, surrounded by shimmering towers of sea salt. The Siwa’s salt lakes have long been a treasured local spot. Float effortlessly in an otherworldly pool with the highest water to salt ratios that’s not just picture-perfect, but it's said to clear sinuses and treat infections. 

Siwa Oasis is dotted with hundreds of turquoise salt pools – a stark contrast against the oasis’ palm greens and desert yellows, all laid against the backdrop of stunning sunsets that earned it the title of Sunset Oasis.

Local tip: Keep a few bottles of clean water with you to wash the layers of salt off your body and avoid any skin irritation. Or, even better, go for a dip in Cleopatra’s Spring afterward.

8. Snorkel or dive in the Red Sea's Sataya Reef 

Marsa Alam is great base for divers looking to discover the riches of the Red Sea. Horseshoe-shaped Sataya Reef  ranks as one of the most beautiful dive spots on the planet, with its striking sea life and colorful corals. This wonder of the natural world is suitable for snorkelers too.

9. Temple hop in Luxor

Luxor , the world’s greatest open-air museum, is a testament to the ancient Egyptian civilization through its sheer wealth of temples and monuments. 

Begin your temple-hopping at the Temple of Karnak – the perfect manifestation of pharaonic ambition. A few kilometers southwest of Karnak is the stunning Luxor Temple . If you can, visit at night when the temple lights are turned on. About 40 minutes northwest of the Luxor Temple lies The Valley of the Kings – a popular tourist destination and includes the tombs of Ramses III , Seti I and Ay .  

At the southern portion of the Theban hillside and about 7km (4mi) from the Valley of the Kings is The Valley of the Queens . A 75-tomb area that includes the final resting places of Nefertari and one of the five wives of Ramses II.      

Detour: Other major points along the way include: Queen Hatshepsut’s Temple, the Luxor Museum and Ramses III’s Medinat Habu on the West Bank.

10. Eat like an Egyptian with a local food tour in Cairo

Food is an international love language and Cairo is bursting with culinary gems, but where do you start? What do you try? Where do you go? Connect with local culture on a food tour where you immerse yourself in Egypt’s history and local life, one authentic dish at a time. 

Ideal for solo female travelers, Bellies En-Route is a female-owned food tour provider that skips the culinary tourist hot spots and takes visitors to local mom-and-pop spots or neighborhood favorites known for fantastic street fare. You can even help out in the kitchen at some of the restaurants, an excellent opportunity to connect with the community while preparing food. 

11. Float above Luxor in a hot-air balloon  

Dozens of balloons take to Luxor’s skies every day at dawn for a view that’s literally breathtaking. Watch the sun rise and light up the Theban hills, local farms and ancient monuments. See the Nile River glistening in the distance and wave at locals watching from their balconies. Trust us, it’s definitely worth that 3am wake-up call and pre-ride anxiety. 

12. Take a sunset felucca ride along the Nile  

The world’s longest river is best experienced floating peacefully in a felucca (traditional wooden sailboat) at sunrise or sunset, whether you’re in Cairo or Aswan or anywhere in between. 

In Cairo, docks line the corniche in Maadi, Zamalek and Garden City, and give you a gorgeous view of the Cairene skyline; if you’re in Aswan, feluccas are your go-to mode of transportation between the city’s 20 islands. Either way, grab a few friends, snacks, and drinks and spend some time taking in the stunning serenity of the Nile. 

13. Hike the Sinai Trail or Red Sea Mountain Trail 

Experience Egypt’s most iconic mountain peaks and untrodden wildernesses by hiking alongside local Bedouin guides through the country’s two sister trails: the Sinai Trail and the Red Sea Mountain Trail. 

The Sinai Trail is Egypt’s first long-distance hiking trail, a circuit that runs 550km (342 miles) through the territories of the eight Bedouin tribes of South Sinai. The 170km (106 mile) Red Sea Mountain Trail , located just outside the beachside resort town of Hurghada , showcases the best of the region’s inimitable beauty – from vast desert plains to deep gorges, and from crumbling Roman towns to prehistoric rock art and chapels of Egypt’s Desert Fathers. 

Local tip: Both trails are sustainable tourism initiatives that directly support the local Bedouin communities by creating jobs and help keep the region’s traditional Bedouin knowledge, skills, and heritage alive. And don’t worry, the trails are divided into segments so you can choose whether to take between two- and five-day hikes as part of your trip. 

14. Dive and snorkel near Dahab

Dahab , South Sinai’s token beach town, is ideal for divers and snorkelers to experience mind-blowing marine life. If you're not already a qualified diver, you can start your PADI certification process at one of Dahab’s many dive centers.

A few kilometers north of Dahab is Egypt’s Blue Hole , a submarine sinkhole that drops straight down to a depth of over 100m (328ft), and attracts experienced divers from all over the world. It’s a fascinating but risky dive that’s unfortunately claimed many lives, and it should be left to pro and advanced divers only. 

15. Relax with the view from Castle Zaman 

Come for the view, stay for – well, the view. This medieval-style castle that’s actually a slow-food restaurant, is nestled between Sinai’s signature mountains and lies somewhere between Nuweiba and Taba by the Gulf of Aqaba – an unparalleled vantage point across the Red Sea that spans the shores and mountains of Egypt, Jordan , Israel , and Saudi Arabia . 

Spend a full day at Castle Zaman chilling in the pool, having a drink at the bar, and enjoying a slow-cooked lunch or dinner that includes items like a meat tagine or the catch of the day. Although Castle Zaman doesn’t offer overnight accommodation, you can make use of its amenities such as the sauna and massage treatments.

Planning tip: And for an overnight stay, head to Dayra Camp , a collection of wildly decorated straw huts and wooden bungalows located in the coastal town of Nuweiba  – just 23km (14mi) away.  

This article was first published Jan 7, 2022 and updated Aug 16, 2023.

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Boosting tourism in Egypt: Developing a more enhanced, local experience

Steps away from Bab Zuweila, one of the last-standing ancient gates to Historic Cairo, is a narrow alleyway lined with vibrant fabric and handmade artisanal items. Known as Sharia Khayamiya (Street of the Tentmakers), where one-of-a-kind handcrafts have been designed, made and sold since the 17th century, it is a living testament to Egypt’s rich cultural heritage.

The area’s name is taken from the Arabic word for the intricately appliquéd textiles used to decorate the interior of tents. Ayda Abdullah, who has a shop in the middle of Khayamiya, spends hours every day making pillows, mattresses, table runners and other specialty cloth items.

“People working in this ages-old market do everything by themselves, from designing a product to actually producing it,” Abdullah says. “Nothing is manufactured. Everything is handmade, which means more hours are put in to produce high-quality traditional products representative of Egypt’s historic culture.”

Abdullah has been running the shop on her own for the past 10 years, since the death of her husband. She supports her three children, and her livelihood depends entirely on tourism, which was hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Now, she is struggling to promote her business.

“I realize I have a role to play in cultural tourism, but I am also aware of some impediments in pursuing that role, including marketing skills and platforms for exposure,” she says. “I cannot market my work and I am at the mercy of merchants. I also have a hard time purchasing raw materials as they are very expensive.”

Abdullah will be participating in a workshop, hosted by the Integrated Management of Cultural Tourism (IMCT) project, to hone her skills. Funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development and implemented by FHI 360, IMCT is endeavoring to create more authentic experiences for people traveling to Egypt while bolstering the country’s tourism industry and improving the quality of life for those living and working in Historic Cairo and Luxor Governorate.

Learning by doing is one way that tourists can make a deeper connection to Egypt’s history and culture. Photo credit: Motaz Bellah/FHI 360

FHI 360 is collaborating with the government of Egypt to improve the sustainability of the sector and forging public-private partnerships to help stimulate investment in cultural heritage sites and nearby businesses. But the communities around those sites — the voices of local shop owners and employees — are guiding the project’s work. In November 2021, FHI 360 held community engagement workshops, inviting local artisans, shop owners, employees and aspiring entrepreneurs to share their greatest challenges and goals around strengthening and growing their businesses.

Using the information gleaned at those sessions, FHI 360 will host trainings to help community members build their skills in areas considered most important for success — marketing, branding, product design, communications, storytelling and English. FHI 360 has also partnered with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development to connect local business owners with microfinance institutions for the funding they need to develop high-quality products and expand their operations.

“I have great hope that through the project I will be able to have a sales outlet and great marketing skills to promote my work from my own stance, sell my products away from merchants and earn a decent living,” says Abdullah.

Community coordinators like Hayam Abdel Ma’soud ensure that the biggest needs and priorities of the communities are understood.

“Marketing is one of the major impediments that people here in Historic Cairo face,” says Ma’soud. “They do not really have their own sales outlets to market and sell their products. They are not even linked to expos to showcase their products. Many local artisans and business owners working in heritage and cultural tourism are deciding to move on from their current work, given the low levels of revenue.”

Five minutes down the street from Abdullah’s shop, Eid Saleh hand-knots carpets and rugs using the art of Egyptian and Iranian embroidery. Often he will sit for eight hours straight to produce a single knotted line. It is tedious work, and turning a profit is rarely guaranteed. Most of his creations are sold through merchants, who take a steep cut of his earnings.

“I need as many people as I can find to know me and realize the piece of work I’m producing,” he says. “I am very keen on attending the IMCT marketing and communications workshops. I believe these workshops will provide me with the perfect skill set to promote myself and my work and help me retain my workers in this valuable industry.”

Through IMCT, FHI 360 will support about 500 shop owners and employees like Saleh and Abdullah, helping them to reap the rewards of their unique crafts, engage with tourists and ensure the preservation of heritage sites for decades to come.

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Tourism in Egypt

• Sunday، 15 May 2016 - 12:00 AM

1- Plans to attract more tourists with a view to:- • Maintaining the current growth rates and Egypt's competitive status on the major traditional markets like Britain, Russia, Italy, Germany and France. • Achieving high growth rates in the number of tourists, who come from the emerging markets in a way that can be harmonized with the tangible speed in the growth of these markets like Ukraine, Poland and the Czech Republic. • Upgrading Egypt's competitive status on the new markets and identifying the Egyptian tourism modes in a comprehensive and effective way - India and China. • Improving the image of the Egyptian tourism types at the international level and achieving the highest quality of services received by tourists and to be careful on how far these services and prices of flights are harmonized • Developing plans to promote and diversify the tourism modes on a sustained basis in a way that meets the needs and requirements of the overseas markets. • Launching a promotion campaign via mass media of the major exporters of tourists and expanding this campaign via satellite channels. To achieve these goals, the plans should include the following: - Implementing a partnership programme with leading tour operators to support direct sales - Implementing a programme to support charter flight in some destinations according to market needs so as to attract more influx of tourists. - Implementing an international public relations campaign through outside travel offices - Establishing and developing a website as a promotion to Egypt that has been launched in 13 languages (Arabic will be added to the website in 2008) - Launching a promotion campaign on the Arab market under the title "welcome to Egypt" and expanding this campaign by tourism groups covering major Arab countries. - Providing excellent tourist services with outstanding quality and delivering these services to visiting categories with high spending and special interests. - Addressing new segments and launching new tourism modes, such as desert tourism, golf tourism, therapeutic tourism as well as accommodation, conferences and shopping tourism. 2- Plans to provide different tourism modes, including the following: - Developing the coastal and desert areas outside the city cordons. - Planning and supervising tourism development projects - Determining the body concerned that will manage the land earmarked for tourism investment. - Maximizing the private sector's role in the development process and limiting the role of the state for planning, supervising and monitoring operations. - Diversifying the tourism product (hotel, Ecolodge, environmental hotel, Safari tourism, yacht tourism, golf courts and accommodation units..). - Undertaking infrastructure projects in the tourism development centres (implemented by the private sector, where the total investments stand at LE 3.3 billion in roads, electricity, water, sanitation and airports). • Applying control systems, upgrading the quality and developing the ships' anchorage as well as reducing road accidents and training to raise the quality of services in Egypt. Tourism Development Authority's plan until 2017 The plan of the Tourism Development Authority is aiming at boosting tourism and increasing the hotel rooms, tourism revenues and jobs until 2017, as well as attracting more tourists to reach 16 million tourists and increase the number of tourist nights to 130 million nights. The main axes of tourism development strategy are as follows: - • Changing the role of the public sector so as to become organized, encouraging and simplified as well as expanding the role of the private sector. • Developing the legal and institutional framework. • Supplying the areas of development with the necessary infrastructure. • Preserving environment. • Identifying the priorities for overall development.  

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20 Top-Rated Attractions & Places to Visit in Egypt

Written by Jess Lee Updated Oct 16, 2023

Home of the ancient Pharaohs, Egypt is a destination full of dazzling temples and tombs that wow all who visit. It's not all historic treasures and tourist attractions, though. With vast tracts of desert for 4WD adventures, the Red Sea's world-class coral reefs and wrecks for divers, and cruising on the famed Nile River, there are plenty of things to do in Egypt for all types of travelers.

Beach lovers head to the Sinai or the Red Sea Coast to soak up the sun, while archaeology fans will have a field day in Luxor.

Cairo is the megalopolis that can't be beaten for city slickers, while Siwa oasis and the southern town of Aswan offer a slice of the slow pace of the countryside.

With so much to see and do, Egypt offers visitors a chance to create itineraries that combine culture, adventure, and relaxation all on one trip.

Plan your sightseeing with our list of the top attractions and places to visit in Egypt.

1. Pyramids of Giza

2. luxor's temples & tombs, 3. cruising the nile, 5. abu simbel, 6. diving the red sea, 7. explore historic cairo, 8. south sinai's beach life, 10. egyptian museum, 11. white desert, 12. alexandria, 13. abydos temple, 14. siwa oasis, 15. st. catherine's monastery, 16. red sea beaches, 17. coptic cairo, 18. wadi al-hitan, 19. temple of hathor, 20. monastery of st. anthony.

The last surviving wonder of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Pyramids of Giza are one of the world's most recognizable landmarks.

Having awed travelers down through the ages, these tombs of the Pharaohs Khufu (Cheops), Khafre (Chephren), and Menkaure (Mycerinus), guarded by the enigmatic Sphinx, are usually top of most visitor's lists of tourist attractions to see in Egypt and often the first sight they head to after landing.

Today, sitting on the desert edge of Cairo's sprawl, these megalithic memorials to dead pharaohs are still as wondrous a sight as they ever were and an undeniable highlight of any Egypt trip.

To beat the crowds , get here around 7:30am and enter through the main Pyramid of Khufu site entrance (rather than the Sphinx entrance). This means you can have finished exploring the interior tunnels and burial chambers of the Pyramid of Khufu by the time the tour buses start pulling in at 8:15am.

Most visitors limit their site visit to the three pyramids and the Sphinx, but there is plenty more to see on the Giza Plateau. If you can, reserve time to explore the funerary complexes of the eastern cemetery (on the east side of the Pyramid of Khufu). The tombs of 6th dynasty high officials Qar and Idu and the tomb of Meresankh III (who was one of Pharaoh Khafre's wives) are all open to the public.

• Read More: Pyramids of Giza: Attractions, Tips & Tours

Famed for the Valley of the Kings , Karnak Temple , and the Memorial Temple of Hatshepsut, the Nile-side town of Luxor in Upper Egypt has a glut of tourist attractions.

This is ancient Thebes, the power base of the New Kingdom pharaohs, and home to more sights than most can see on one visit.

Luxor's east bank is home to the modern city, with its vibrant souq; the two temples of Karnak and Luxor; and the museum. The west bank's lush farmland and barren cliffs are where the vast majority of Luxor's tourist attractions sit, with so many tomb and temple sights that it has been called the biggest open-air museum in the world.

Spend a few days here exploring the colorful wall art of the tombs and gazing in awe at the colossal columns in the temples, and you'll see why Luxor continues to fascinate historians and archaeologists.

The Valley of the Kings is one of Egypt's most visited sites but, if you are willing to get up extra early, you can beat the crowds . All of Luxor's archaeological sites open at 6am, but hardly any visitors (and no large tour operators) take advantage of this.

Kick off your sightseeing with a 6am start at the Valley of the Kings, and you'll get to experience the interiors of Luxor's famed New Kingdom tombs with hardly anyone else (except the handful of other wily early risers) there.

Egypt is defined by the Nile. For many visitors, a multi-day cruise upon this famed waterway that saw the rise of the Pharaonic era is a highlight of their Egypt trip.

Cruising the Nile is also the most relaxing way to see the temples that stud the banks of the river on the route between Luxor and Aswan, plus sunrise and sunset over the date-palm-studded river banks, backed by sand dunes, is one of Egypt's most tranquil vistas.

The two famous sights on a Nile Cruise are the Temple of Kom Ombo and Edfu's Temple of Horus , where all the big cruise boats stop.

If you'd prefer a less crowded and slower experience, though, and don't mind "roughing it" a bit, you can also cruise the Nile by felucca (Egypt's traditional lateen-sailed wooden boats), which also allows you to create your own itinerary.

The vast amount of cruise boat itineraries depart from either Luxor or Aswan, but feluccas can only be chartered for multi-day trips from Aswan.

Egypt's most tranquil town is Aswan, set upon the winding curves of the Nile. Backed by orange-hued dunes, this is the perfect place to stop and unwind for a few days and soak up the chilled-out atmosphere.

Take the river ferry across to Elephantine Island and stroll the colorful streets of the Nubian villages. Then ride a camel to the desert monastery of St. Simeon on Aswan's east bank. Afterwards, relax in one of the riverboat restaurants while watching the lateen-sailed feluccas drift past.

Make sure to jump aboard a felucca at sunset to sail around Aswan's islands. This is by far, Aswan's most popular activity and the most relaxing way to take in the local sights.

There are plenty of historic sites here and numerous temples nearby, including Philae Temple on its island, but one of Aswan's most popular things to do is simply kicking back and watching the river life go by.

Even in a country festooned with temples, Abu Simbel is something special. This is Ramses II's great temple, adorned with colossal statuary standing guard outside, and with an interior sumptuously decorated with wall paintings.

Justly famous for its megalithic proportions, Abu Simbel is also known for the incredible engineering feat carried out by UNESCO in the 1960s, which saw the entire temple moved from its original setting to save it from disappearing under the rising water of the Aswan Dam.

Today, exploring Abu Simbel is just as much about admiring the triumph of this international effort to save the temple complex as it is about gaping in wonder at Ramses II's awe-inspiring building works, itself.

Most people arrive in Abu Simbel on organized day trips from Aswan, which all have an early morning start to get to the temple complex at 8am or 9am.

After 11am, nearly everyone has cleared out and headed back to Aswan. To wander through Ramses II's colossal monument without the crowds, overnight in Abu Simbel village itself and visit the temples after midday.

Below the Red Sea's surface is another world as fascinating as the temples and tombs on land.

The coral reefs of the Red Sea are renowned among scuba divers for both the soft corals on display and the vast amount of sea life, ranging from colorful reef fish and nudibranchs to sharks, dolphins, turtles, rays, and even dugongs.

For divers, the most famous town to base yourself in is Sharm el-Sheikh on the Sinai Peninsula, closest to the reefs of Ras Mohammed National Park, as well as the reefs of the Straits of Tiran.

To dive the sites of the Straits of Gubal head to Hurghada or El Gouna on the Red Sea coast, while advanced divers should check out the resort of Marsa Alam, the nearest base for diving Egypt's "deep south" dive sites.

As well as fish life and coral, the Red Sea is a major wreck-diving destination. The most famous wreck is the Thistlegorm, a British WWII cargo ship that was on its way to resupply Allied troops when it was bombed by the Germans in 1941.

Today the site is regarded by divers as one of the top five wreck dives in the world due to the vast cargo of cars, motorbikes, and WWII memorabilia that can be seen both scattered on the sea bed around the wreck and inside the ship itself.

Dive boat trips to the wreck are organized from both Sharm el-Sheikh and Hurghada.

The Red Sea offers year-round diving but for the calmest sea conditions and best underwater visibility, July and August are the best months . This is high summer in Egypt though with its accompanying sweltering on-land temperatures. If your Egypt trip doesn't solely revolve around diving, it's still best to avoid these months.

Read More: Diving in the Red Sea: Best Dive Sites

The atmospheric, narrow lanes of the capital's Historic Cairo district are crammed full of mosques, madrassas (Islamic schools of learning), and monuments dating from the Fatimid through to the Mameluke eras.

This is where you'll find the labyrinth shopping souq of Khan el-Khalili, where coppersmiths and artisans still have their tiny workshops, and stalls are laden with ceramics, textiles, spice, and perfume.

Surrounding the market is a muddle of roads, home to some of the most beautiful preserved architecture of the old Islamic empires.

There is a wealth of history here to explore. Visit Al-Azhar Mosque and the dazzling Sultan Hassan Mosque , and make sure to climb up to the roof of the ancient medieval gate of Bab Zuweila for the best minaret-speckled panoramas across the district.

Mornings are the best time to visit this district as the narrow lanes are at their quietest. If you're planning to visit the area's mosques though, avoid visiting on Fridays (the Muslim holy day) . If you want to enter mosques as a tourist, dress conservatively (covering arms and legs) and bring along a scarf to throw over your head if you're female.

Keen shoppers should head to Khan el-Khalili in the evening: the shops here are all open until late and the souq is at its most vibrant after dark.

• Read More: Top Tourist Attractions in Cairo & Easy Day Trips

Egypt's South Sinai region, on the Sinai Peninsula, offers a beach for every type of traveler.

Sharm el-Sheikh is a European-style resort town packed full of luxury hotels, international restaurants, and bags of entertainment options. A favorite with Europeans on winter-sun vacations, many of the resorts here cater to families on one- or two-week sun-and-sand breaks.

Dahab is a low-key beach town with a budget-traveler heart, which is just as much about desert excursions and adventures as the sea. It's particularly known for its cheap dive-package deals and for its lagoon beach area where windsurfing and kitesurfing are the top activity.

Up the coast, between the port town of Nuweiba and the border town of Taba are the bamboo hut retreats that offer complete get-away-from-it-all respites from life and back-to-basics beach life.

Everyone's heard of Giza's Pyramids, but they're not the only pyramids Egypt has up its sleeve. Day-tripping distance from Cairo , Saqqara is a vast necropolis of tombs and pyramids that was utilized during every era of Pharaonic rule.

It's best known for its Old Kingdom Step Pyramid, which shows how the architects of Ancient Egypt advanced their engineering knowledge to finally create a true pyramid shape.

There's much more to see beyond the Step Pyramid, though, with some of the surrounding tombs, such as the Mastaba of Ti, showcasing some of the finest tomb paintings you'll see in the country.

Nearby, the pyramid site of Dahshur is home to the Red Pyramid and Bent Pyramid, which should be included on any Saqqara visit.

• Read More: Exploring Saqqara: A Visitor's Guide

A treasure trove of the Pharaonic world, Cairo's Egyptian Museum is one of the world's great museum collections . The faded pink mansion in downtown Cairo is home to a dazzling amount of exhibits.

The museum's exhibits cover the breadth of the Pharaonic era with highlights including its artifacts from pre-dynastic Egypt, the Old Kingdom galleries displaying the fine statuary from Egypt's period of pyramid builders, and the displays of glittering funerary goods unearthed from the country's most famous tomb finds.

Make sure to reserve enough time at the museum to fully view the galleries devoted to the grave goods of Yuya and Thuya and the royal tombs of Tanis (both upstairs).

Until Giza's much-delayed Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) opens, the Egyptian Museum is also where you come to see a selection of the riches from Tutankhamen's Valley of the Kings tomb. When the GEM finally does open, these will be moved there (and the entire Tutankhamen collection will be displayed in full for the first time).

Everything else though in the Egyptian Museum's collection will be staying in place.

Egypt's kookiest natural wonder is White Desert National Park, out in the Western Desert, just south of Bahariya Oasis. Here, surreally shaped chalk pinnacles and huge boulders loom over the desert plateau, creating a scene that looks like icebergs have found themselves stranded amid a landscape of sand.

This highly scenic environment looks like something out of a science fiction movie and is a favorite destination for 4WD desert trips and overnight camping , which are both easiest organized in Bahariya Oasis.

For desert fans and adventurers, this is the ultimate weird playground, while anybody who's had their fill of temples and tombs will enjoy this spectacular natural scenery.

Alexandria has a history that not many others can match.

Founded by Alexander the Great, home of Cleopatra, and razzmatazz renegade city of the Mediterranean for much of its life, this seafront city has an appealing days-gone-by atmosphere that can't be beaten.

Although today, there are few historic remnants of its illustrious past left to see, Alexandria's long seafront Corniche road leading to its fort (sitting on the site where its famous ancient lighthouse once sat) remains a favorite summer destination to capture cooling sea breezes for Egyptians and foreign visitors alike.

Underwater archaeological projects here have imbued Alexandria's museums with interesting exhibits. The modern Bibliotheca Alexandrina is a contemporary interpretation of Alexandria's famed ancient library, and the handful of historic sights in town include an atmospheric catacombs site.

• Read More: Top-Rated Attractions & Things to Do in Alexandria

The Temple of Osiris in Abydos is one of Ancient Egypt's most fascinating artistic treasures.

The temple, begun by Seti I, sits amid a vast necropolis site where archaeological excavations are ongoing. There a various other temple remnants to see here but for most visitors, the Temple of Osiris is the main reason to visit.

Its hypostyle halls, graced by papyrus-headed columns, contain some of the finest relief-work in Egypt, with various scenes portraying the pharaoh and the gods of Ancient Egypt.

As the temple lies north of Luxor, it isn't on the main Nile cruise ship route, so it receives much fewer visitors than the temple sites in Luxor itself and the Nile-side temples to the south. This means you are often lucky enough to wander through the temple's halls with only a few other visitors on site.

• Read More: Exploring The Temples of Abydos: A Visitor's Guide

Sitting in isolation, in the western corner of the Western Desert, Siwa is the tranquil tonic to the hustle of Egypt's cities. This gorgeous little oasis, surrounded by date palm plantations and numerous hot-water springs, is one of the Western Desert's most picturesque spots.

Siwa town is centered around the ruins of a vast mud-brick citadel, known as the Fortress of Shali, which dominates the view, while various temple remnants, including the Temple of the Oracle where Alexander the Great is said to have come to receive advice, are scattered throughout the wider oasis area.

This is a top spot to wind down and go slow for a few days, as well as being an excellent base from which to plan adventures into the surrounding desert.

One of the oldest monasteries in the world, St. Catherine's stands at the foot of Mount Sinai, amid the desert mountains of the Sinai Peninsula, where Moses is said to have received the Ten Commandments.

This desert monastery is home to an incredible collection of religious iconography, art, and manuscripts (some of which can be seen in the on-site museum), as well as the burning bush.

For most visitors here, a trip to St. Catherine's also involves a hike up Mount Sinai to see sunrise or sunset. Take the camel path for the easy route, or climb the famous Steps of Repentance if you want better views.

Egypt's Red Sea coastline offers swaths of sand for travelers who want a time-out from temple viewing.

During winter, the resorts scattered along the shore surrounding Hurghada jump into life as European families arrive on package tourism breaks.

The big bonus of choosing a resort on the Red Sea coast over one on the Sinai Peninsula is that you are within day-tripping distance to Luxor, so this is the best place to visit for beach life if you still want to easily see some of Egypt's most famous monuments.

Hurghada and El Gouna are the two main resort towns, while the smaller, and still being-developed, town of Marsa Alam is much farther south.

Read More: Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in the Red Sea Region

The Cairo district known as Coptic Cairo is one of the most important Christian sites in the country.

Originally the Fortress of Babylon, dating back to the Achaemenid Empire's conquest of Egypt in 525 BCE, this district is home to Cairo's oldest surviving church, synagogue, and mosque, as well as the excellent Coptic Museum, which holds the world's largest collection of Coptic Christian art and antiquities.

A section of the Fortress of Babylon's walls, which were repaired and expanded under Roman rule, are also still standing and are the entrance into the district.

Make sure to visit the Hanging Church, which holds a fine collection of icons and was built half over the Roman-era water wheel (hence the church's name). Then thread your way down the narrow alley to the Church of St. Sergius and Bacchus which, according to local tradition, was built atop the site where the Holy Family with the infant Jesus lived in refuge after fleeing King Herod.

Nearby, the Ben Ezra Synagogue is famous for being the site where the Geniza documents cache were discovered.

A short walk away is the Mosque of Amr Ibn Al As, built by the Arab Muslim army commander (and later, first governor of Egypt) after conquering Egypt.

Wadi Al-Hitan is in the Fayoum area, a lush and fertile depression fed by ancient canals and surrounded by desert.

The Fayoum itself, with Lake Quran, the pottery village of Tunis, and Pharaonic ruins scattered across the hinterland, is an interesting place to visit, but the main tourist attraction here, in the nearby desert, is the UNESCO World Heritage site of Wadi Al-Hitan.

Amid the orange dunes and jagged rocks of this desert valley, a vast fossil cache of the oldest prehistoric whales (the basilosaurus and dorodontus) were discovered, hugely aiding human understanding of the evolution of whales.

Some of the finds have been kept in situ, with walking tracks radiating out from the visitor's center to skeleton sites sitting amid the sand.

In the visitor center itself, a museum dedicated to the site does an excellent job of explaining Wadi Al-Hitan's importance, and displays many of the site's other finds, including a skeleton of a basilosaurus whale that measures 18 meters long.

The Temple of Hathor at Dendara was built in the late Pharaonic era and extended during the Roman period, though Dendara itself was an important cult center from early on in the period of Ancient Egypt.

A trip here is well worth a day trip from Luxor, as the temple's youth (in comparison to other Pharaonic temples) means that it is one of the most complete surviving temples in Egypt.

The reliefs and decoration here are in an excellently preserved state. In particular, while in the hypostyle hall, which was built by the Roman Emperor Tiberius, note the columns topped by heads of the Egyptian god Hathor, and the wall reliefs of the emperor paying tribute to the Egyptian gods.

Dendara is just outside the city of Qena, 80 kilometers north from Luxor.

Secreted within the jagged northern mountains of the Red Sea coast, the Monastery of St. Anthony has been a working monastery since the 4th century, and today is still home to around 120 monks.

The Church of St. Anthony, within the fortress-like compound, has an interior of secco wall paintings that are considered one of the most important collections of Egyptian Coptic art in the world and date from around the 11th and 12th centuries. The church is also home to the tomb of St. Anthony (the father of monasticism) and is a major pilgrimage destination for Egyptian Coptic Christians.

Monks run tours of the monastery that include visiting the church and some of the monastery's gardens, as well as allowing you to head up and walk on top of the monastery's walls.

St. Anthony's Monastery is very isolated. If you don't have your own transport, the easiest way to get here is to hire a driver from Cairo or Hurghada.

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The state of eco-tourism in Egypt

Ecotourism is getting a lot of attention now, but just how significant of a force is the budding industry in Egypt? Armed with a wealth of natural attractions scattered across three deserts, two seas and the Nile Delta, Egypt is ripe with options for more sustainable travel. The government has in recent years started speaking about the importance of better nurturing Egypt’s ecotourism attractions in its strategy to revive the tourism industry at large. And while there have been some efforts made in that regard, operators say a few fundamental hurdles still stand in the way of fully realizing that potential. So what is the state of ecotourism at the moment and just how much is being done to support the transition to sustainable travel?

Pinpointing the exact size of Egypt’s ecotourism industry is tricky , in large part because what counts as “ecotourism” isn’t clear. There are general principles: Minimizing harmful environmental impact, maintaining natural areas, and protecting indigenous culture are all core components of this kind of travel. But as far as concrete certifications are concerned, there are no unified rules and regulations, meaning operators are the ones left to decide exactly how ecologically sound their practices should be.

In Egypt, ecotourism generally refers to lower-carbon accommodation like eco-lodges and camping that are situated in the country’s many natural protectorates. For Basata — one of the oldest eco-lodges and campsites in Sinai — ecotourism means using fresh water sparingly, sorting trash and engaging with the local community. “We use a dual plumbing system where saltwater is used for toilets and cleaning activities and fresh water for our showers,” founder Sherif El Ghamrawy tells Enterprise. A portion of their food waste goes to feeding livestock and whatever remains is used to manufacture mud bricks on site, which they use to build new structures.

In Siwa, the guiding philosophy is similar. “Creating a sustainable travel destination consists of three main pillars: Respecting natural heritage, reviving cultural heritage and engaging the local community in heritage conservation,” Dr. Mounir Naemattalla, founder of luxury ecolodge Adrere Amellal and sustainable development consultancy EQI , tells us.

Local operators insist that the interest is there : “I think people want to experience nature and stay in eco-lodges but there currently aren’t enough,” Ghamrawy says. Eco-lodges and “semi-eco lodging” — as Ghamrawy described some of the campsites between Nuweiba and Taba — actually attract more visitors than hotels in the area do, he explained.

And official figures suggest a rising appreciation of Egypt’s natural beauty: Some 1.1 mn tourists visited protected areas between 2018 and 2021, a figure that was 5x greater than what the Environment Ministry had anticipated. In FY2019-2020, ticket sales at these sites reportedly generated revenues of EGP 30 mn , more than triple the sum in the four fiscal years prior.

This is part of a global trend: The global ecotourism industry in 2019 was estimated to be worth USD 181.1 bn in 2019, and is projected to reach USD 333.8 bn by 2027. Ecotourism in Africa alone is now worth some USD 29 bn a year employing 3.6 mn people, and is crucial to conservation and economic development efforts in remote parts of the region.

What has the government done so far to support ecotourism? Over the past two years the government has started to speak publicly about the importance of better utilizing our natural resources for tourist activities. The Environment Ministry earlier this year launched an ecotourism campaign, dubbed Eco Egypt , to promote 13 of the country’s 30 nature reserves. Maintaining the health of natural reserves is one of the ministry’s top priorities at the moment, Tamer Kamal El Din, General Manager of Red Sea Protectorates at the Environment Ministry tells us. More specifically, the ministry has been working on developing a new system for accurately logging and studying ecosystems’ health, constructing dams in flood zones like Wadi Degla, installing buoys at popular dive sites and building bird-watching towers in Sharm El Sheikh.

What more can be done to support the industry? Putting in place clear rules that specifically govern the activities of companies in the ecotourism space would be a good start, says Ghamrawy. These include regulations on things such as how close to the coastline they can construct buildings, what materials to use and how to organize trips for guests. He adds that he is currently working alongside a number of operators on drafting a set of guidelines for how to run ecologically sound tourism businesses.

A little help for SMEs: Making it easier to register ecotourism-focused SMEs would really encourage a lot more activity too, Ghamrawy says. For some groups running low-capital operations like guided trekking tours in the mountains and wadis of South Sinai, the barrier to entry can be overwhelming. “It doesn’t make much sense to be governed by the same rules that large tourism operations are bound by,” Ghamrawy says. Shifting these rules would jive perfectly with the government’s policy of supporting SMEs, he said.

Opening up the outdoors: Easier access to nature would be a huge leap in supporting the industry, Wael Abed, who owns Al Tarfa Desert Sanctuary at the Dakhla Oasis in New Valley, tells us. Wadis and outdoor locations not designated as protectorates often see restricted access due to heightened security concerns in remote regions. Making it easier for visitors to access these locations would be a huge boost for the industry, both Ghamrawy and Abed agree.

Awareness campaigns on sustainability and environmentally sound development are at the forefront of Naemattalla’s concern, he tells us.

More private sector involvement with natural protectorates could be on the horizon. Protectorates are technically public land, which means they can’t be sold to private entities, but granting operation rights for limited time periods are currently on the books, says Kamal El Din. Environment Ministry proposals have long pushed for legislation to allow private companies to manage protected areas , similar to how Orascom Development won rights to manage the Pyramids Plateau . But so far there hasn’t been much happening on that front. The first steps towards private-sector involvement in nature reserves took place earlier this year with the introduction of a privately owned “ Bedouin Tent, ” at the Petrified Forest protectorate in New Cairo.

And it doesn’t necessarily have to be driven by altruism. Investing in ecotourism doesn’t always need to be a philanthropic endeavour, Naemattalla explains. “Any new product done well has a great chance for success. A commitment to sustainability is one of the most powerful forms of branding for a country, a region or an enterprise,” he says.

While there’s still a lot to be done to better support ecotourism, creating a thriving and sustainable industry will depend mostly on larger global trends like the resumption of global air travel and more visitors entering the country. What is clear though is that the way to better ensure visitors and operators commit to sustainable travel will likely require more than just promotional campaigns.

Your top climate stories for the week:

• West Bakr wind farm is now live: Lekela’s Actis-backed 250 MW wind farm became fully operational last week.
• Private sector eyes EV assembly: General Motors and Al Mansour Automotive could partner up to produce electric vehicles in Egypt under a MoU signed by the two companies last week.
• New ESG bonds are coming to Egypt: Companies in Egypt will soon be able to list social, ESG, gender equity and women’s empowerment, and sustainable development bonds on the EGX.
• Plastic Bank has collected 2.7k tonnes of plastic waste from Egypt and hopes to collect a total of 5k tonnes by 2023, the company announced in a statement .

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• Eco Egypt Experiences - English pdf (23.8 MB)
• Eco Egypt Experiences - Arabic pdf (12.2 MB)

Eco Egypt: Egypt's Ecotourism Experiences

September 22, 2020.

ECO EGYPT Experiences is a campaign that aims to reconnect adventurous travellers with Egypt’s countless ecological sites and protected areas. With the goal of prompting natural rediscovery and boosting the importance of ecological conservation, the ECO EGYPT Experiences campaign sheds light on all the wildlife, plant diversity, and natural landscapes on offer throughout Egypt. The campaign encourages sustainable, responsible tourism for travellers seeking unique, out-of the-box experiences.

By centering the voices, experiences, and customs of local tribespeople, from Nubians to Bedouins, ECO EGYPT advocates support for local livelihoods by giving a platform for the unique practices, traditions, and crafts of local communities. From camping to diving, stargazing to birdwatching, Egypt’s ecological sites promise unparalleled experiences for the curious, young and old. Get a taste of everything Egypt’s ecology has to offer and start planning your environmentally conscious, once-in-a-lifetime trip now!

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Reasons You Should Visit Egypt at Least Once

Egypt may be known for ancient treasures and rich history, but there is more to this nation than you might expect. From surreal waters and golden sand beaches to remarkable architecture and natural therapies, Egypt is worthy of your bucket list. Here are some of the top reasons Egypt should be your next destination.

Keen to visit Egypt but not quite sure where to begin with planning your itinerary? Consider joining Culture Trip’s specially curated 10-day Egypt adventure, led by our local insider .

It’s one of the oldest ancient civilisations in the world

Ancient Egypt is one of the most interesting and oldest civilisations in the world. The Great Pyramids of Giza, the only surviving ancient wonder, along with ancient Egyptian statues and tombs, continue to seize the attention of top archaeologists and, of course, the wider world. To this day, remains of the ancient Egyptian civilization continue to be discovered.

It has the longest river in the world

Ranking as the longest river in the world, the Nile extends around 6,695km (4,160mi) and flows into the Mediterranean. You can visit a number of attractions along its length; the most prominent being Luxor and Aswan, both of which feature on Culture Trip’s exclusive small-group Egypt tour .

You’ll follow the footsteps of Moses

Mount Sinai, also known as Jabal Al Tor or Mount Moses, is considered a holy site and is visited by pilgrims from religions including Islam, Christianity and Judaism. It is where the prophet Moses received the divine commandments from God. It is located in the beautiful Sinai Peninsula, where many come to enjoy mountain climbing and hiking, too.

Paradise beneath the waves

The Red Sea is without question the best place to dive in Egypt. It offers diverse locations for an unforgettable experience including bright corals and colourful, distinctive fish. Egypt offers different diving opportunities including wrecks, walls, drifts, pinnacles, shore dives, day boats and liveaboards.

The beaches are gorgeous

The beaches of Egypt are a dream come true with the country home to internationally renowned beaches guaranteed to delight sunseekers. From natural pools and crystal blue waters to steady beaches as well as surfing spots, they are not to be missed.

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It’s a hotspot for water sports champions

Dahab, Safaga, Hurghada, Ras Sudr and El Gouna are all among the top kite and windsurfing destinations in Egypt. Kite and windsurfing champions from around the world train in these locations due to the perfect weather and steady, safe waters. Not a champion? Egypt has some of the best kite and windsurfing schools as well.

The weather is great all year round

Egypt’s high season never ends. Summer is the perfect time to take a dip and go diving, while winter is the best time to visit the historic desert sites.

Safari desert trips are the best in Egypt

Much of the land here is desert, making it the perfect spot for a new kind of adventure. The best way to discover the region is via a safari trip. Camp to enjoy the full experience.

Horseback riding here is amazing

Wherever you’re going to enjoy your horseback riding experience in Egypt, rest assured you’ll have a view to go with it. Enjoy a ride across the dunes overlooking the lake in Fayoum, pass by the great pyramids or enjoy a romantic ride by the crystal blue beaches in Hurghada.

It’s a dream for architecture and art lovers

Cairo has some of the best Islamic architecture and art on earth. Visit mosques that have been standing for 1,200 years, such as the Mosque of Ibn Tulun, the Mosque of Muhammad Ali, the Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan and more. These mosques are a perfect chance for architecture, art and history buffs to soak up some culture.

Egyptian cuisine is delicious

Egyptian food has been influenced by neighbouring countries in the Middle East, resulting in dishes full of flavour. Not only is it delicious, but the food in Egypt shapes the national culture. Egyptians turn to food in times of happiness, need and struggle. It’s the highlight of any occasion.

Egypt’s therapeutic waters and sands

Therapeutic tourism has long been popular in Egypt. The hot springs here are reputed to help cure respiratory diseases, kidney, bone and other skin problems. The mud in many areas is also said to cure skin issues. Sand-burying massages are also popular in Egypt and are said to treat physical injuries.

Egyptian people are a diverse bunch

In Egypt, people have different accents, distinctive food, unique traditions and even different fashions depending on which city they are from. Some cities even have different languages. Just wandering around Egypt is an experience in and of itself.

Did you know – Culture Trip now does bookable, small-group trips? Pick from authentic, immersive Epic Trips , compact and action-packed Mini Trips and sparkling, expansive Sailing Trips .

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برجراف عن السياحة

برجراف عن السياحة في مصر سهل ومترجم

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• الأربعاء 24-02-2021 03:05 مـ

برجراف عن عيد الأم سهل ومترجم

ترجمة برجراف عن الأماكن السياحية في مصر, جمل وعبارات تنفع لأي برجراف انجليزي, تعبير بالانجليزي عن السياحة في مصر, أسهل مقدمة وخاتمة برجراف.. إليك نماذج مختلفة تصلح لأي موضع, ترجمة تعبير بالانجليزي عن السياحة في مصر, نماذج خاتمة برجراف قصيرة وسهلة لجميع الطلاب.

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Tourism in Egypt..Positive Indicators and Constructive Proposals to Strengthen the Sector

Tourism is one of the most important sectors of the global economy, as it is a major source of income, foreign currency revenues, tax revenues, and employment, especially since a tenth of the world’s population works in it, and hundreds of millions of others earn from it, and it accounts for about 7% of international trade, and 28% of international service exports. In addition, it represents nearly 20% of the gross domestic product of some countries.

Number of tourists increased in the first quarter of 2023 by 86% compared to the same period last year, and reached 80% of pre-pandemic levels, and the Middle East region witnessed the strongest performance in the first quarter of 2023 as the only region that exceeded the levels of 2023. 2019 by 15%, according to a report by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).

Egypt is one of the most important destinations attracting tourism in the world due to its rich and diverse natural resources and tourist, archaeological and human potentials, in addition to its unique cultural heritage, which enables it to maximize its revenues from the tourism sector, especially as it contributes about 11.3% of the total national income, and provides About 13% of the total foreign exchange, and about 12.6% of the total strength of the Egyptian labor market.

The Strategic Forum for Public Policies and Development Studies “Derayah” presents a research paper that illustrates the economic importance of the tourism sector in Egypt, sheds light on the reality of the sector through multiple performance indicators, and monitors the state’s efforts to develop and enhance the sector, and finally recommends many proposals that would support the tourism sector This research paper reached a set of results, including:

-The tourism sector is the third largest source of foreign income after exports and remittances of Egyptians working abroad, with a percentage of about 13%. -The tourism sector contributes to the country’s gross domestic product, by about 91.4 billion pounds during the year 2021/2022, with a growth rate of 31.5%. compared to the previous year, which amounted to 69.5 billion pounds.

-Tourism revenues increased by an average of 25.7% to record about 7.3 billion dollars (compared to about 5.8 billion dollars), which contributed to the reduction of the current account deficit.

-The net inflows of foreign direct investments in the tourism sector during the second quarter of 2023/2022 amounted to about 98 million dollars, compared to 60.1 million in the first quarter of 2023/2022, and 29.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2022/2021.

-Egypt received 7 million tourists during the first five months of 2023, including 1.35 million tourists during April, the highest level recorded by Egypt during one month in its history.

-Revenues of the tourism sector during the fiscal year 2021/2022 amounted to about 10.7 billion dollars, compared to 4.9 billion dollars in 2020/2021, an increase of 121.1%. -The tourism is characterized as a labor-intensive sector, with 3 million people working in professions directly and indirectly related to tourism, representing about 12.6% of the total labor force in Egypt.

First: The importance of tourism contributions in Egyptian economy

Many experts and researchers attribute the economic importance of the tourism sector to a variety of reasons and justifications, which can be explained as follows:

-Tourism is a dynamic sector characterized by high growth rates and its large sectoral contribution to GDP growth. It is one of the main sources of foreign exchange in Egypt.

-It is characterized by the expansion of its labor capacity, as its hotel and tourism facilities provide many job opportunities, especially for the youth crowd.

-The development of the tourism sector and the subsequent establishment of new communities in desert and rural areas contribute to the redistribution and migration of the population, and pushes the wheel of Social Development.

Tourism has become one of the pillars of the Egyptian economy, due to its contribution to several economic aspects, the most important of which are:

-It is one of the most important foreign exchange inputs to the national economy, at a rate of about 13%.

According to official data, the tourism sector is the third largest source of foreign income for the country after exports and remittances of Egyptians working abroad, followed by revenues from the Suez Canal and foreign direct investment.

2- The tourism sector occupies an advanced position among the economic activities, in terms of its contribution to the country’s gross domestic product.

The gross domestic product of this sector increased at current prices during the year 2021/2022 to about 91.4 billion pounds, with a growth rate of 31.5%. compared to the previous year, which amounted to 69.5 billion pounds, according to the report of the Ministry of Planning and Economic Development issued in mid-2022.

3-The tourism sector contributes directly to improving the position of the balance of payments and increasing the added value through the revenues that the sector pumps, whether in the form of investments, taxes or fees.

In this context, the Central Bank of Egypt announced in a press release that tourism revenues increased by 25.7%, to record about $7.3 billion (compared to about $5.8 billion) during the first half of the fiscal year 2022/2023 (July-December period), This has contributed to the reduction of the current account deficit.

4- Providing millions of job opportunities: Tourism is a labor-intensive sector, with approximately 12.6% of the total labor force in Egypt working in professions directly and indirectly related to tourism, which often alleviates the problem of unemployment.

Second: indicators of tourism performance growth in Egypt

The growth of tourism performance in Egypt can be measured through four main indicators, which are the number of tourists (inbound tourism), the number of tourist nights, and tourism revenues.

Some experts may add to it the absorptive capacity index as one of the indicators used in evaluating growth indicators.

1- Inbound Tourism Indicators

Egypt received 7 million tourists during the first five months of 2023, including 1.35 million tourists during the month of April, which is the highest level that Egypt recorded during one month in its history, according to the statements of the Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Ahmed Issa, who also confirmed that the incoming tourism movement in the months of January And last February, it witnessed a growth of 35%, compared to the same period last year.

Egypt received about 11.7 million tourists in 2022, up from 8 million in 2021, 3.7 million in 2020, and 13.1 million in 2019.

Some estimates confirm that the last quarter of 2023 will witness a growth in the inbound tourism movement exceeding 28%, which will contribute to reaching the number of tourists to 15 million tourists at the end of 2023, and between 18 to 20 million tourists during the year 2024, according to the estimates of the Ministry of Tourism. Egyptian tourism, which is expected to witness the largest ever tourism movement during the coming period, and exceed the rates of 2010, which recorded visits of about 14 million tourists.

The following figure shows the evolution of the number of tourists to Egypt between 2010 and 2022

2- the indicator of the number of tourist nights

The number of tourist nights increased during the first half of the fiscal year 2022/2023 (July/December period) by an average of 27.2% to record about 78.4 million nights, according to central bank data.

During 2022, the number of tourist nights increased by 39.7%, reaching 131 million tourist nights, compared to 93.8 million tourist nights in 2021, and 43 million tourist nights in 2020, according to the data of the central agency for public mobilization and statistics in June 2023.

3- the carrying capacity indicator

The number of hotel establishments is about 1,199, the number of hotel rooms is about 230,000, the number of tourism companies is about 2,259, and there are about 2,160 archaeological sites, of which 134 are open for visiting, and 43 are antiquities museums, of which 31 are open for visits, and 479 diving and marine activities centers and 1,325 restaurants. And a tourist cafeteria, and 2,407 shops for ordinary and tourist goods, and about 18,190 tourist vehicles, according to the official website of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and the statements of the Minister of Tourism.

The number of natural reserves in Egypt is about 30, representing an area of 13.6% of the total area of Egypt, and the number of airports is about 26 civil airports in June 2022.

4- tourism revenue index

Revenues of the tourism sector in Egypt increased during the first half of the fiscal year 2022-2023 by 25.7% compared to the same period in 2021-2022, according to central bank data.

The revenues of the tourism sector during the fiscal year 2021/2022 amounted to about 10.7 billion dollars, compared to 4.9 billion dollars in 2020/2021, an increase of 121.1%, according to the data of the central agency for public mobilization and statistics issued on June 9, 2023.

The data showed the growth in tourism revenues in light of the obstacles and crises that the sector has been exposed to in recent years due to the corona pandemic and the Russian and Ukrainian crisis, where tourism revenues reached 4.4 billion dollars in 2016/2017 with an increase of 16.2%, 9.8 billion dollars in 2017/2018 with an increase of 123.9%, 12.6 billion dollars in 2018/2019 with an increase of 28.2%, and 9.9 billion dollars in 2019/2020 with a decrease of 21.6%, and 4.9 billion dollars in 2020/2021 with a decrease of 50.7%, and 10.7 billion dollars during 2021/2022 with an increase of 121.1%, as mentioned earlier.

Figure No. (1) shows the volume of tourism sector revenues between 2016 and 2022

The World Bank expects that tourism revenues in Egypt in the next five years will reach: • $14.2 billion in 2023-2024. • $18.9 billion in 2024-2025 • $22.8 billion in 2025-2026 • $26.5 billion in 2026-2027 • $28.8 billion in 2027-2028

Third: Plans to promote the tourism sector in Egypt

The national strategy to support tourism in Egypt aims to achieve rapid growth in this industry, ranging from 25% to 30% annually through optimal utilization of the country’s tourism, natural, human and archaeological resources, ensuring their sustainability, and providing distinguished and advanced infrastructure and services to increase the competitiveness of Egypt.

The national strategy to support tourism in Egypt aims to achieve rapid growth in this industry, ranging from 25% to 30% annually through optimal utilization of the country’s tourism, natural, human and archaeological resources and ensuring their sustainability, and providing a distinguished and developed infrastructure to increase the competitiveness of Egypt.

In light of this, Egypt adopts a set of ambitious plans to advance the tourism sector and maximize its revenues, based on a number of main axes and pillars, the most important of which are: Focus on Marketing and Promotion

The tourism sector plan aims to intensify tourism promotion activities and apply innovative stimulation tools to enhance the product in the face of intense competition from other tourist destinations through a number of important axes such as strengthening the marketing and advertising message abroad and the effective implementation of the international promotion campaign that was contracted with major specialized companies.

Among the most important promotional campaigns are the campaigns “Your vacation is with us” and “The day in Egypt does not end” to promote tourism to Egypt during the summer season 2022, especially in the Arab market and the Gulf region, in addition to stimulating domestic tourism in Egypt.

1-Stimulating tourist investors

State agencies have taken a number of steps to support and stimulate tourism and hotel investments in the country. These steps are as follows:

– The initiative launched by the Central Bank in February of 2017, to finance the renewal operations needed by hotel establishments and fleets of tourist cars, as an amount of 5 billion pounds was allocated for this initiative.

-The central bank returned at the beginning of this year 2020 and launched a new version of this initiative, allocating 50 billion pounds to tourism companies, in order to include the largest possible number of tourism investments inside Egypt.

2-Return to work in the aviation incentive program:

The Egyptian government has sought to benefit from the aviation stimulus program as an effective tool in advancing tourism in Egypt, by encouraging air carriers to direct the largest possible number of their flights to Egyptian tourist destinations, in addition to opening new airlines, such as the Marsa Alam airport, the Netherlands and Ukraine, and another between Georgia to Hurghada.

3-Improving tourist service

The Ministry of Tourism was keen to develop a strategy to qualify and develop the human resource in the tourism sector, in cooperation with the Egyptian Federation of Tourist Chambers, through a training project for various groups working in tourism, such as tour guides, hotel workers and recreational activities, in addition to company representatives and tourist car drivers.

The Egyptian government has also taken several other stimulating and supportive measures for the tourism sector, including:

-Implementing the e-tourist visa system, and automating the purchase of tickets for archaeological sites and museums electronically.

-Establishing a unified database system for workers in the tourism sector, as well as automating the services of the hotel sector.

-The Tourism Promotion Authority signed agreements with many TV stations and markets that deal with Egyptian destinations, to launch advertising campaigns aimed at introducing tourists to Egypt and its various tourist destinations.

Fourth: The tourism sector in the light of international indicators and acclaim

-Egypt advanced 20 places in the safety and security index for expatriates issued by Intentions, which measures personal safety and security as part of the quality of life, as Egypt ranked 42 in 2022, compared to 62 in 2016.

-It ranked 12th globally out of 138 countries in the global Islamic Travel Index 2022. -It ranked first in the Arab region, fourth in Africa, and 27th globally, in the road trip tourism practice index out of 118 countries, noting that the index depends on 3 sub-indicators (attractiveness, logistics, lifestyle).

-Egypt is on the list of international travel and tourism nominations, where: Choosing Egypt is among the best tourist destinations to travel to in the fall of 2022, according to a CNN Travel report.

-“Travel Inside” magazine chose Egypt as the first in the world among the most popular tourist destinations during the current period, outperforming many other tourist destinations such as the Maldives and the Caribbean islands.

– Hurghada ranked second as the best tourist destination in the Middle East for the year 2023, after Dubai, which ranked first, according to Tripadvisor.

– Egypt also won the second place as the best diving destination in the world for the year 2021, according to Dive Magazine.

fifth: proposals to promote growth in the tourism sector in Egypt

In order to develop the performance and drive the growth engine of the tourism sector in Egypt, this paper recommends the need to work on:

-Joint cooperation and integration of all efforts between the ministries and the relevant authorities in the sector, each in its field, to achieve more successes and the best desired results to reach the sector to wider horizons. -Developing stimulating policies for investment, especially hotel investment, tourist transport, the establishment of sports cities and entertainment attractions, increasing the number of hotel rooms … and others.

-Launching tourist economic zones, or free tourist zones, and granting tax and financial privileges and exemptions for specific periods of time, while creating the legislative environment to achieve this in order to increase the attraction of investors towards investment in the tourism sector , by offering units of a tourist nature consistent with international standards on local and international electronic platforms, resulting in an increase in tourist units and hotel rooms.

-Training and qualification of workers in the tourism sector on how to deal with different cultures of tourists and providing them with communication, teamwork and leadership skills.

– The need to launch a unified Egyptian platform for tourism promotion that facilitates booking, flight and visa procedures, as well as hotel reservations.

– Activating the role of tourism media to spread cultural awareness among citizens of the importance of tourism, as well as working to improve the image of tourism among foreigners.

النشرة البريدية

إشترك في قائمتنا البريدية للحصول على التحديثات الجديدة, messages and facts: reading of president's visit to beheira, repercussions of sudan war on egyptian economy, related articles, golden triangle project in upper egypt: potential and challenges, head of draya at “duke university” to talk about poverty reduction policies, houthi attacks and their impact on red sea and suez canal’s security, population aging…a reading of economic indicators and repercussions.

Free Samples and Examples of Essays, Homeworks and any Papers

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Tourism In Egypt

Filed Under: Essays Tagged With: egypt , over time , tourism

Egypt is a country that is extremely rich in its historical background. With such a background it is easy to see why tourism is a big component of its gross national product. The well being of the Egyptian economy is highly dependent on a good year of tourism. The whole business of tourism has relied on the ancient monuments and relics of the past, but in recent years there has been a huge effort to create more modern tourist attractions like resorts and golf courses. The combinations of the old and new attractions comprise the biggest sector of the Egyptian economy. For the most part it is said that Egypt consists basically of six different tourist sites.

Three of the sites; Alexandria, Hurghada, and Sharm El Sheikh are coastal hotspots. They consist of many of the newer resorts offering many activities to its guests like water sports, casinos, nightclubs, and golf courses. These three sites would be considered the more modern sites. The other three sites; Aswan, Cairo, and Luxor are the more historical tourist sites. Although Aswan doesnt hold that many historical monuments, the other two, Cairo and Luxor, are overflowing with them. These sites are highly geared towards the tourist and offer a wide variety of transportation and guided tours (Egypt Ministry).

Within a few of these sites are contained some of the most awe inspiring and ancient monuments known to man.

The Term Paper on Tourism and Rizal Park

... and churches, and other places of historical value. Activities for tourist support the tourist attractions that a destinations offers. ... (such as historic sites) and prehistoric and archaeological sites (such as the ancient monuments of Egypt, Greece, Israel, Turkey, Indonesia, ... image of the country’s national park. (Department of Tourism, Annual Report, (Manila Bulletin,1993, p. 39). Every exclusive ...

Now when you first hear the word Egypt, you directly focus your attention to the Great Pyramids of Giza. It is easily one of Egypts most visited monuments and one of the worlds largest tourist attractions. The ancient Greeks considered the pyramids to be one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Another one of the great monuments to come out of ancient Egyptian society is the Sphinx. One of the greatest things about the Sphinx is that the purpose of it is still unknown and highly debated on. The Sphinx is known in Arabic as Abu El Hol, which means Father of Terror.

The actual name of Sphinx was given by the Greeks, who believed it was a representation of the mythical winged monster with a womans head and lions body who proposed a riddle to the Thebans and killed all who could not get the correct answer (Tourism and Entertainment).

Many of the artifacts found near or in these ancient Egyptian monuments are now stored in the Egyptian Museum. The Egyptian Museum of Antiquities was built in 1858 right in the middle of Cairo at Al Tahrir Square. The museum itself houses more then 100,000 of Egypts relics and antiques from virtually every period of its history. The exhibits are arranged chronologically starting with the Old Kingdom and going all the way up to the Roman Empire. If you spend one minute at each exhibit, it will take you nine months to see everything(Tourism and Entertainment).

You can just imagine the shear size of this massive building just by the last statement (Tourism and Entertainment).

The population of the country of Egypt is roughly 60 million people. Now just imagine how important the tourism sector is to the population when 10 million people have jobs directly or indirectly related to it. The reason for this high number is that a job in the tourism field is very profitable when compared to other jobs offered in the Egyptian economy. This is easy to see when you find out that the average visiting businessperson spends about $240.00 a day. Tourism is one of the major sources of hard currency; which is an effective factor in economic and social development.

It took over Egypts main source of foreign exchange from oil in 1988 and has been on top ever since. In 1990, the gross domestic product reached 24 billion, of which 10% of that was a product of tourism. With the average number of tourists each year around 4.3 million spending about 2.5 billion annually, its easy to see why the percentage is so high (Zohery).

The Essay on Mesopotamia And Egypt Egyptian People

Mesopotamia and Egypt The source of the many differences between Mesopotamia and Egypt can be found in the geographic locations of these civilizations. Egypt, protected by natural barriers on all sides, remained uninfluenced for many years. Not many other civilizations came in contact with the Egyptian people. Thus, they developed much differently politically and socially compared to Mesopotamia. ...

There are a few problems that Egypt is facing that are extremely detrimental to its tourism sector. One of the problems is that many of Egypts ancient monuments are being adversely affected by the high amount of tourist traffic to the area. Affects of this have already been seen.

In February of 1988, a 500-pound chunk of limestone fell off of the Sphinx. What used to be true was that these great historical monuments had been protected for centuries by huge drifts of sand that have long since been cleared away to make more room for the tourists. What is happening as a result of this high traffic is all the evaporation that occurs. This leaves salt deposits in the pyramid, which wears away the stone, and this also happens on the walls where the art on the monuments are wearing away. Until recently, traffic was allowed extremely close to the monuments. What this did was to make small rumbles in the ground, which over time has started cracks in many of the monuments. Another problem Egypt has is its high pollution.

All the smog from the cars and factories are producing acid rain that is falling on the monuments mostly made of limestone and wearing them down. The Egyptian government needs to take some precautionary action to counteract or at least soften the blow of many of these environmental factors. The country itself boasts about 10,000 antique sites that are irreplaceable. The future of tourism depends on protecting these sites (TED).

Another detriment to the tourism sector of the economy is its vulnerability to regional conflicts and terrorism. One such occurrence was during and right after the Gulf War, in 1991. The tourist sector reached an all time low with 10 million employees affected with a 20% unemployment rate.

Another incident, this one of terrorism, occurred in 1997 when there was a massacre of 30 foreign tourists in Luxor. Total visitors to the country the following year fell 13%. Only in recent months have the number of tourists begun to reach the amounts it used to be (TED).

The Essay on Recovery Plan Phase Tourism Tourists

Introduction Andaman Tourism Recovery Plan 2005 was developed by Tourism Authority of Thailand in order to manage the Crisis of "Tsunami" Tidal Wave, which mainly caused tremendous damages to 6 southern provinces of Thailand, which are Phuket, Phang Nga, Krabi, Ranong, Satun and Trang. This tidal wave not only affected to local people and thousands of tourists, who lost some of their family ...

While the Egyptian government is making an attempt to develop more tourist attractions to the country, they need to preserve the ones that they already have. Only with a combination of both the old and the new will the Egyptian tourism sector continue to thrive.

Bibliography:

Works Cited Egyptian Ministry of Tourism Home Page.

29 Sept. 1999. Egyptian Ministry of Tourism. 5 Nov. 2000. http://www.touregyp.net Egypts Tourism Net Home Page. 7 Mar. 1995.

Egypts Tourism Net. 1 Nov. 2000. http://www.tourism.egnet.net Zohery, Ali. Home Page. 17 Dec. 1998. 1 Nov.

2000. http://www.zohery.com/newsletter.htm.

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Travel for Library Lovers

A nd if you’re going to be in one destination or an extended period of time, you may be able to get a temporary library card giving you access to books and services for the time you’re there. For a book lover, that’s a big travel bonus. (If you’re looking for reading ideas, you can find some of my recommendations here.)

I asked a few traveling friends to share some of their favorite ideas about libraries.

The Long Room, Dublin: when Jedi knowledge meets monastic Ireland

When I think of libraries one that is top of mind is Trinity College and the Book of Kells. When Marta visited, however, she saw a comparison between Trinity College’s Long Room and Star Wars’ Jedi Temple archive. Do you see the similarity?

The Long Room is the most imposing and beautiful part of the vast Trinity College Library, an impressive collection of over 3 million manuscripts and books hosted in the grounds of Dublin’s oldest university. Trinity college dates back to 1592 when it was funded by charter of Queen Elisabeth, but the oldest library buildings we see now only date back to 1712, when construction started following the designs of Thomas Burgh. 

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Osgoode Hall in downtown Toronto is home to the two courts and the Law Society. It also houses the largest private law library in Canada, the Great Library, with over 100,000 volumes. Mary captured the grandeur of the building in photos.

I recently had an opportunity to tour the inside of Osgoode Hall and although it wasn’t a requirement or even necessary, I couldn’t help but whisper as I walked through the halls. You are after all in a place of law! Another thing was that I felt really small, especially in the library…with its high ornate ceilings and walls filled with books.

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Lance liked it too (that’s his photo above) and says:

One of the unusual aspects of the hotel is its number system. The entire hotel is laid out on the Dewey Decimal System. Each of the floors and all of the rooms have a theme based on the Dewey system. Our room was the Middle Eastern Language room and featured Islamic art (one of our favorites).

Read original article here: Getting Booked at New York’s Library Hotel

As for me, my favorite library in the New York Public Library with Patience and Fortitude (the two stone lions out front) to welcome you. You’ve likely seen the library in movies (Ghostbusters, Breakfast at Tiffany’s, and Sex and the City, to name just a few), but you should get there to see it in person.

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