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• Selenium-Webdriver

Running Selenium Tests in Safari Browser

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Running Selenium tests in Safari Browser is exactly same as with other browsers. However you have to prepare your Safari browser to be capable of understanding Selenium WebDriver commands. Lets learn how to set up your Safari browser and how to write your first test.

How to run Selenium tests in Safari browser?

Step 1 - set up webdriver extension for safari browser.

Download the Safari Browser Extension - Download the latest version of Safari browser extension.

Install the Safari Browser Extension -  Go to the folder where the file has downloaded and double click on it. You will get a prompt, as shown in the image below, there select " Install "

Download folder image

• Enable WebDriver Browser Extension - Now open the preferences pane on the Safari browser. Go to Safari >> Preferences and  open the preferences window.

In the preferences window select Extension. There you will find Selenium web driver listed in the extensions list, select the checkbox. As shown in the below image

Safari extension window

Note: Make sure that you have an " Enable WebDriver " check-box enabled.

• Restart your Browser -  All you have to do here is to restart your browser.

Write Selenium WebDriver code to Launch Safari

As I said earlier running selenium tests in Safari is exactly similar to working with Firefox or IE. Safari browser is represented by a class called SafariDriver in the org.openqa.selenium.safari package.  All we have to do is create an instance of the SafariDriver class. Below is a sample code to do that

Here you can see that all we have to do is create an instance of SafariDriver and use it like a regular WebDriver that we have been using it like for other browsers.

• Only http:// and https:// protocols are supported on Safari.
• Safari is not able to handle alerts, so we have to suppress alerts in the case of Safari. We will learn this in another chapter.

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🧭 Using Safari Driver

Using safari's webdriver for running browser tests on macos ¶.

(NOTE: Safari's WebDriver requires macOS 10.13 "High Sierra" or later.)

You can find the official Apple documentation regarding "Testing with WebDriver in Safari" on the following page: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/webkit/testing_with_webdriver_in_safari

Run safaridriver --enable once in a terminal to enable Safari's WebDriver. (If you’re upgrading from a previous macOS release, you may need to prefix the command with sudo .)

Now you can use --safari to run your SeleniumBase tests on Safari.

WebDriver Support in Safari 10

Aug 26, 2016

by Brian Burg

As web content has become increasingly interactive, responsive, and complicated, ensuring a good user experience across multiple platforms and browsers is a huge challenge for web developers and QA organizations. Not only must web content be loaded, executed, and rendered correctly, but a user must be able to interact with the content as intended, no matter the browser, platform, hardware, screen size, or other conditions. If your shopping cart application has a clean layout and beautiful typography, but the checkout button doesn’t work because of a configuration mishap in production—or an incorrect CSS rule hides the checkout button in landscape mode—then your users are not going to have a great experience.

Ensuring a good user experience via automation is difficult in part because each browser has its own way of interpreting keyboard and mouse inputs, performing navigations, organizing windows and tabs, and so on. Of course, a human could manually test every interaction and workflow of their website on every browser prior to deploying an update to production, but this is slow, costly, and impractical for all but the largest companies. The Selenium open source project was created to address this gap in automation capabilities for browsers by providing a common API for automation. WebDriver is Selenium’s cross-platform, cross-browser automation API. Using WebDriver, a developer can write an automated test that exercises their web content, and run the test against any browser with a WebDriver-compliant driver.

Safari + WebDriver

I am thrilled to announce that Safari now provides native support for the WebDriver API. Starting with Safari 10 on OS X El Capitan and macOS Sierra, Safari comes bundled with a new driver implementation that’s maintained by the Web Developer Experience team at Apple. Safari’s driver is launchable via the /usr/bin/safaridriver executable, and most client libraries provided by Selenium will automatically launch the driver this way without further configuration.

I’ll first introduce WebDriver by example and explain a little bit about how it’s implemented and how to use Safari’s new driver implementation. I will introduce some important safeguards that are unique to Safari’s driver implementation, and discuss how these may affect you when retargeting an existing WebDriver test suite to run using Safari’s driver.

WebDriver By Example

WebDriver is a browser automation API that enables people to write automated tests of their web content using Python, Java, PHP, JavaScript, or any other language with a library that understands the de facto  Selenium Wire Protocol  or upcoming  W3C WebDriver protocol .

Below is a WebDriver test suite for the WebKit feature status page  written in Python. The first test case searches the feature status page for “CSS” and ensures that at least one result appears. The second test case counts the number of visible results when various filters are applied to make sure that each result shows up in at most one filter. Note that in the Python WebDriver library each method call synchronously blocks until the operation completes (such as navigating or executing JavaScript), but some client libraries provide a more asynchronous API.

Note that this code example is for illustration purposes only. This test is contemporaneous with a specific version of the Feature Status page and uses page-specific DOM classes and selectors. So, it may or may not work on later versions of the Feature Status page. As with any test, it may need to be modified to work with later versions of the software it tests.

WebDriver Under the Hood

WebDriver is specified in terms of a REST API; Safari’s driver provides its own local web server that accepts REST-style HTTP requests. Under the hood, the Python Selenium library translates each method call on self.driver  into a REST API command and sends the corresponding HTTP request to local web server hosted by Safari’s driver. The driver validates the contents of the request and forwards the command to the appropriate browser instance. Typically, the low-level details of performing most of these commands are delegated to WebAutomationSession and related classes in WebKit’s UIProcess and WebProcess layers. When a command has finished executing, the driver finally sends an HTTP response for the REST API command. The Python client library interprets the HTTP response and returns the result back to the test code.

Running the Example in Safari

To run this WebDriver test using Safari, first you need to grab a recent release of the Selenium open source project. Selenium’s Java and Python client libraries offer support for Safari’s native driver implementation starting in the 3.0.0-beta1 release. Note that the Apple-developed driver is unrelated to the legacy SafariDriver mentioned in the Selenium project. The old SafariDriver implementation is no longer maintained and should not be used. You do not need to download anything besides Safari 10 to get the Apple-developed driver.

Once you have obtained, installed, and configured the test to use the correct Selenium library version, you need to configure Safari to allow automation. As a feature intended for developers, Safari’s WebDriver support is turned off by default. To turn on WebDriver support, do the following:

• Ensure that the Develop menu is available. It can be turned on by opening Safari preferences ( Safari > Preferences in the menu bar), going to the Advanced tab, and ensuring that the Show Develop menu in menu bar checkbox is checked.
• Enable Remote Automation in the Develop menu. This is toggled via Develop > Allow Remote Automation in the menu bar.
• Authorize  safaridriver to launch the webdriverd service which hosts the local web server. To permit this, run /usr/bin/safaridriver once manually and complete the authentication prompt.

Once you have enabled Remote Automation, copy and save the test as test_webkit.py . Then run the following:

Safari-exclusive Safeguards

While it’s awesome to be able to write automated tests that run in Safari, a REST API for browser automation introduces a potential vector for malicious software. To support a valuable automation API without sacrificing a user’s privacy or security, Safari’s driver implementation introduces extra safeguards that no other browser or driver has implemented to date. These safeguards also double as extra insurance against “ flaky tests ” by providing enhanced test isolation. Some of these safeguards are described below.

When running a WebDriver test in Safari, test execution is confined to special Automation windows that are isolated from normal browsing windows, user settings, and preferences. Automation windows are easy to recognize by their orange Smart Search field. Similar to browsing in a Private Browsing window, WebDriver tests that run in an Automation window always start from a clean slate and cannot access Safari’s normal browsing history, AutoFill data, or other sensitive information. Aside from the obvious privacy benefits, this restriction also helps to ensure that tests are not affected by a previous test session’s persistent state such as local storage or cookies.

As a WebDriver test is executing in an Automation window, any attempts to interact with the window or web content could derail the test by unexpectedly changing the state of the page. To prevent this from happening, Safari installs a “glass pane” over the Automation window while the test is running. This blocks any stray interactions (mouse, keyboard, resizing, and so on) from affecting the Automation window. If a running test gets stuck or fails, it’s possible to interrupt the running test by “breaking” the glass pane. When an automation session is interrupted, the test’s connection to the browser is permanently severed and the automation window remains open until closed manually.

Along with being able to interact with a stopped test, Safari’s driver implementation also allows for the full use of Web Inspector during and after the execution of a WebDriver test. This is very useful when trying to figure out why a test has hung or is providing unexpected results. safaridriver supports two special WebDriver capabilities just for debugging. The  automaticInspection capability will preload the Web Inspector and JavaScript debugger in the background; to pause test execution and bring up Web Inspector’s Debugger tab, you can simply evaluate a debugger; statement in the test page. The automaticProfiling capability will preload the Web Inspector and start a timeline recording in the background; if you later want to see details of what happened during the test, you can open the Timelines tab in Web Inspector to see the captured timeline recording in its entirety.

Safari’s driver restricts the number of active WebDriver sessions. Only one Safari browser instance can be running at any given time, and only one WebDriver session can be attached to the browser instance at a time. This ensures that the user behavior being simulated (mouse, keyboard, touch, etc.) closely matches what a user can actually perform with real hardware in the macOS windowing environment. For example, the system’s text insertion caret can only be active in one window and form control at a time; if Safari’s driver were to allow multiple tests to run concurrently in separate windows or browsers, the text insertion behavior (and resulting DOM focus/blur events) would not be representative of what a user could perform themselves.

With the introduction of native WebDriver support in Safari 10, it’s now possible to run the same automated tests of web content on all major browsers equally, without writing any browser-specific code. I hope WebDriver support will help web developers  catch user-visible regressions in their web content much more quickly and with less manual testing. Safari’s support comes with new, exclusive safeguards to simultaneously protect user security and privacy and also help you write more stable and consistent tests. You can try out Safari’s WebDriver support today by installing a beta of macOS Sierra or Safari 10 .

This is our first implementation of WebDriver for Safari. If you encounter unexpected behavior in Safari’s WebDriver support, or have other suggestions for improvement, please file a bug at https://bugreport.apple.com/ . For quick questions or feedback, email [email protected]  or tweet @webkit or @brrian  on Twitter. Happy testing!

After this post was published, we received a lot of useful feedback from users. This section contains information on some common problems and how to work around them.

safaridriver quits immediately after launch when running Safari 10 on El Capitan

Some users reported that they could not get safaridriver to run correctly after installing Safari 10 on El Capitan. The main symptom of this issue is that safaridriver will quit immediately when launched manually via the command line. This happens because a launchd plist used by safaridriver is not automatically loaded. Here’s the workaround:

This issue only manifests on El Capitan when installing a newer Safari through an application update instead of an OS update. Users running safaridriver on macOS Sierra should be unaffected.

Running Selenium test on Safari browser

Table of Contents

Introduction

In this tutorial, we will learn how to execute the Selenium code on the Safari browser. As we know, Selenium is compatible with multiple browsers. The different browsers need corresponding browser drivers, to run the Selenium script on them. However, the setup for Safari browser is little different from the other browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and IE.

For Safari, Apple provides Safari driver for Selenium in the form of in-built plugin extension. All we have to do is to install that plugin.  Now, let us go through all the steps required in detail.

Pre-requisites

The pre-requisites to perform the steps demonstrated in this tutorial are:

• Download and install Java
• Set up Java environment variables
• Install Eclipse IDE
• Download Selenium client Jars
• Set Up Eclipse project with Selenium client Jars

If any of the above steps are not completed, you will not be able to create your script and execute it. Please refer to the detailed individual tutorials available in our course for completing the above steps

Set up for the Safari Browser

Apple designed Safari Browser as a graphical web browser. It is the default browser on all Apple devices like Mac or iOS.

In this tutorial, we will perform the following steps in order to run the Selenium script on the Safari:

• Download Safari driver extension.
• Execute the code.

Download Safari driver  

• First, check the version of the Safari browser installed in your machine. To get the version, click on About Safari . It will show the current version installed.

2. Next, we need to add the Safari driver extension to the browser. For that, go to the Selenium official site and click on the latest version of the extension.

3. Click on SafariDriver.safariextz and click on Trust . It will add Safari Driver extension to your Safari browser.

4. Next, after adding the Safari driver extension, we need to do one more setting in the browser. Go to Safari > Preferences and click on Advanced. Select the check box for Show Develop menu at the bottom. This setting is done to allow the automation script to run on the browser.

5. Now, we will get Develop menu in which we should select the Allow Remote Automation option . Please select this option to allow the Safari driver to run the script on the browser.

Now, after enabling Allow Remote Automation , Safari browser is ready to execute the Selenium script. Let us see what code changes are required when running with Safari browser.

Code Changes

For Safari browser, there is no need to set the driver path using System.setProperty in the automation script. Because Safari driver is added as an extension in the browser. But, we need to initialize driver instance to the Safari driver using the below line of code.

//declare the instance of WebDriver to run on Safari browser WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();

To execute the script, right click on the java class name in the package explorer and go to Run As > Java Application . It will start the execution of the automation script and perform the following:

• Safari driver will start the Safari browser.
• Launch the application under test on the browser.
• Fetch the value of the page title of the web page and store it in a string.
• Print the page title on the console
• Close the web page and finish the execution of the script.

Checking the output 

When we start the execution of the script, the application under test will start in a new Safari window. It will perform the actions as per the commands provided in the code. As a result, our test script will fetch the page title and driver.close() method will close the browser window.

Common exceptions encountered:

• SafariDriver requires Safari 10: It is thrown when the version of Safari browser is below Safari 10 as Safari driver requires at least Safari 10.x version. Therefore, resolve it by upgrading the version of the browser to the latest version.
• Allow Remote Automation : It is thrown when Allow Remote Automation option is not selected under Develop menu in the Safari browser. Hence, restart the browser and enable the Allow Remote Automation before executing the script.

In this tutorial, we learned how to set up the Safari driver for executing the Selenium code on Safari browser. Safari driver is available as an extension to the browser. Therefore, we can add the extension to the browser. However, we don’t need to set the path of the driver in the script by using System.setProperty. Also, we can run the automation code on the browser simply by initializing the WebDriver instance to Safari driver.

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How to Run Safari Driver in Selenium Using Java?

Selenium is a well-known software used for software testing purposes. Selenium consists of three parts. One is Selenium IDE, one is Selenium Webdriver and the last one is Selenium Grid. Among these, Selenium Webdriver is the most important one. Using Webdriver online website testing can be done. There are three main Webdrivers present. For the Chrome browser, ChromeDriver is present. For the Firefox browser, Gecko Driver is applicable and for Microsoft Edge, there will be MSEdgeDriver present. Excluding these, many more drivers are present for other browsers. In this article, the process of running SafariWebdriver is implemented. It is useful for those who use Mac OS. This simple Java program can be run.

Pre-Requisites

• For running SafariDriver, the Java jdk version must be installed in the machine previously.
• The latest version of Safari should be installed.
• It is preferable to install Eclipse IDE on the machine so that running this code will be easier.
• The most important prerequisite is latest SafariDriver should be downloaded on the machine.
• Here, using SafariDriver, the home page of Google is going to open. For, that some methods need to be imported.
• First, the Google home page link is to be stored in a string.
• Then in the program, the property of the browser is to be set. setProperty() method is going to be used here.
• In the setProperty() method, the first argument is to be the Webdriver that is to be going to use. Here, using SafariDriver specifically that argument have to be passed. And in the second argument, the location of the SafariDriver.exe is to be passed.

Note : In this case, SafariDriver.exe is stored in Eclipse, so maybe the location seems different. But also, a complete File Explorer path can also be passed.

• Then a new object called driver should be implemented which is a type of WebDriver. Here, in this case, it will be SafariDriver.
• Then using that driver object, the get() method will be used. This get() method of WebDrivers helps to open some URLs provided. Here the home page of Google is going to be opened. So, only the string where the URL has been stored will be passed. Executing this method will go to open a new Chrome window.
• Then the sleep() method is going to be implemented. This delays the programs for some time. So that the output can be visible easily.
• At last, the opened Safari window has to be closed. For that reason, the quit() method is going to be implemented.

Below is the complete implementation of the above approach:

If the above code is run, then a new Safari Window will be opened. This open window will be controlled by SafariDriver.exe.

Hence, the program runs successfully.

Setting up SafariDriver, making sure the Safari browser is installed and configured on your Mac, and using Selenium’s WebDriver interface to automate browser actions are all necessary when using Java to run Safari Driver in Selenium. You may efficiently create and run automated tests for Safari by initializing SafariDriver and importing the required Selenium libraries.

FAQs on How to Run Safari Driver in Selenium Using Java?

Can i use safaridriver to conduct headless tests.

No, headless mode is not supported by SafariDriver. A visible Safari browser window will open during the test.

Does SafariDriver need me to establish a system property, just like other browsers (like ChromeDriver) do?

It’s not necessary to set a system property for SafariDriver.

In order to utilize SafariDriver, which version of Safari is required?

SafariDriver is compatible with Safari versions 10 and up.

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Selenium Grid is used to speed up the execution of a test by using multiple machines to run tests in parallel. It is also used to support running tests against multiple environments, specifically, against different browsers at the same time. You can use Selenium Grid in the following scenarios:

• To run tests against multiple browsers, multiple versions of a browser, and browsers running on different operating systems.
• To reduce the time it takes for a test suite to complete a test pass.

Use this article as a step-by-step guide for setting up the Selenium Grid.

Download and Configurations 

Download Selenium Standalone Server, Chrome, Safari, and Firefox drivers, then configure your Mac machine to run a Safari test. The following steps explain the process:

1. Download Selenium Server

Download the Selenium Server jar file from Selenium’s official website, formerly known as Selenium RC Server, and save it to any location on your local disk.

Visit the Selenium HQ download page at  http://www.seleniumhq.org/download/

You should see a similar file to selenium-server-standalone-3.141.59.jar  in the download folder once  the download is completed.

2. Download the Chrome and Firefox driver

• Navigate to the Chrome driver download  page and download the chromedriver_mac64.zip file, then extract it.

Below snapshot is just for reference purpose, always download the latest driver from the above given landing page.

• Beginning with Safari 10 on macOS X El Capitan and macOS Sierra, Safari comes bundled with a new driver implementation that’s maintained by the Web Developer Experience team at Apple. Safari’s driver is launchable via the  /usr/bin/safaridriver

3. Configure Chrome, Firefox, and Safari drivers for automation 

• After downloading and extracting the Chrome driver, you need to move it to the  /usr/local/ bin  folder to run the Chrome and Firefox test 

Choose your method from the following two options: 

4.  Configurations for Safari

• Ensure that the Develop menu is available. It can be turned on by opening Safari Preferences  in the menu bar, Safari > Preferences   >  Advanced  tab, and confirm that the  Show Develop menu in menu bar  checkbox is checked.
• Enable Remote Automation in the Develop menu. This is toggled via  Develop > Allow Remote Automation  in the menu bar.
• Authorize  safaridriver  to launch the  webdriverd  service which hosts the local webserver. To permit this, run  /usr/bin/safaridriver  once manually and complete the authentication prompt.
• Enter the password and you're done.

Running Selenium Hub and Node on Macs

Selenium hub.

The hub is the central server that manages nodes, takes instructions from the client and executes them remotely on the nodes, then manages test threads. Each Selenium Grid consists of one hub. The hub needs to be reachable from respective clients, for example, the CI server, developer machine, etc. The hub will connect to one or more nodes that tests will be delegated to.

Selenium Node

Nodes are Selenium instances that will execute tests on individual computer systems. There can be many nodes in a grid. A node on a Windows machine may have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this wouldn't be possible on a Linux or Mac.

How to setup HUB:

To ease the configuration, download the attached  SeleniumGrid.zip file, which contains all the required files, and extract the SeleniumGrid folder. Then copy the extracted Grid Setup folder to your  Desktop .

Ensure that you have downloaded the compatible rivers and the correct Selenium Grid version to perform the setup procedures as previously listed.

N ote: Copy the compatible grid version to the  SeleniumGrid folder and rename it to selenium-server-standalone.jar

Now, open  Terminal  and run the following command:

This will allow you to run the grid through the grid S etup . command script.

Double-clicking on the  gridSetup.command script should open two command windows and run both the Selenium Hub and Node on your Mac machine.

Visit the  How to setup Selenium Grid? article for information about Hub and Node configuration files and the execution process.

Configure your Leapwork environment to begin your first Selenium grid test using this article .

Have questions? Contact our  Priority Support .

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You can also find a list of previous releases, source code, and additional information for Maven users.

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In order to create scripts that interact with the Selenium Server (Remote WebDriver) or create local Selenium WebDriver scripts, you need to make use of language-specific client drivers.

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If you need a bug fix or a feature that just landed on the codebase, or if you wish to test the next release before it is out, check the Selenium Nightly Builds.

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Release date: December 6, 2023

Selenium 4.15

Release date: November 1, 2023

Selenium 4.14

Release date: October 10, 2023

Selenium 4.13

Release date: September 25, 2023

Selenium 4.12.0

Release date: August 31, 2023

Selenium 4.11.0

Release date: July 31, 2023

Selenium 4.10.0

Release date: June 7, 2023

Selenium 4.9.0

Release date: April 20, 2023

Selenium 4.8.0

Release date: January 23, 2023

Selenium 4.7.0

Release date: December 1, 2022

Selenium 4.6.0

Release date: November 4, 2022

Selenium 4.5.0

Release date: September 28, 2022

Selenium 4.4.0

Release date: August 9, 2022

Selenium 4.3.0

Release date: June 23, 2022

Selenium 4.2.0

Release date: May 27, 2022

Selenium 4.1.0

Release date: November 22, 2021

Selenium 4.0.0

Release date: October 13, 2021

Selenium 4.0.0 RC3

Release date: October 8, 2021

Selenium 4.0.0 RC2

Release date: September 30, 2021

Selenium 4.0.0 RC 1

Release date: September 1, 2021

Selenium 4.0.0 Beta 4

Release date: June 4, 2021

Selenium 4.0.0 Beta 3

Release date: April 13, 2021

Selenium 4.0.0 Beta 2

Release date: March 16, 2021

Selenium 4.0.0 Beta 1

Release date: February 15, 2021

Selenium 4.0.0 Alpha 7

Release date: November 10, 2020

Selenium 4.0.0 Alpha 6

Release date: May 28, 2020

Selenium 4.0.0 Alpha 5

Release date: March 17, 2020

Selenium 4.0.0 Alpha 4

Release date: January 9, 2020

Selenium 4.0.0 Alpha 3

Release date: September 26, 2019

Selenium 3.150.0

Release date: August 22, 2019

Selenium 4.0.0 Alpha 2

Release date: July 1, 2019

Selenium 4.0.0 Alpha 1

Release date: April 18, 2019

Selenium 3.141.59

Release date: November 14, 2018

Selenium 3.141.5

Release date: November 6, 2018

Selenium 3.141.0

Release date: October 30, 2018

Selenium 3.14.0

Release date: August 1, 2018

Selenium 3.13.0

Release date: June 25, 2018

Selenium 3.12.0

Release date: May 8, 2018

Selenium 3.11.0

Release date: March 11, 2018

Selenium 3.10.0

Release date: March 2, 2018

Selenium 3.9.1

Release date: February 7, 2018

Selenium 3.9.0

Release date: February 5, 2018

Selenium 3.8.1

Release date: December 1, 2017

Selenium 3.8.0

Release date: November 28, 2017

Selenium 3.7.1

Release date: November 6, 2017

Selenium 3.7.0

Release date: November 2, 2017

Selenium 3.6.0

Release date: September 22, 2017

Selenium 3.5.3

Release date: August 29, 2017

Selenium 3.5.2

Release date: August 21, 2017

Selenium 3.5.1

Release date: August 16, 2017

Selenium 3.5.0

Release date: August 10, 2017

Selenium 3.4.0

Release date: April 21, 2017

Selenium 3.3.1

Release date: March 10, 2017

Selenium 3.3.0

Release date: March 7, 2017

Selenium 3.2.0

Release date: February 23, 2017

Selenium 3.1.0

Release date: February 15, 2017

Selenium 3.0.1

Release date: October 18, 2016

Selenium 3.0.0

Release date: October 13, 2016

Selenium 3.0.0-beta-4

Release date: September 29, 2016

Selenium 3.0.0-beta-3

Release date: September 1, 2016

Selenium 3.0.0-beta-2

Release date: August 2, 2016

Selenium 3.0.0-beta-1

Release date: July 29, 2016

Selenium 2.53.1

Release date: June 30, 2016

Selenium 2.53.0

Release date: March 15, 2016

Selenium 2.52.2

Release date: March 7, 2016

Selenium 2.52.1

Release date: February 23, 2016

Selenium 2.52.0

Release date: February 11, 2016

Selenium 2.51.0

Release date: February 5, 2016

Selenium 2.50.1

Release date: January 29, 2016

Selenium 2.50.0

Release date: January 27, 2016

Selenium 2.49.1

Release date: January 21, 2016

Selenium 2.49.0

Release date: January 13, 2016

Selenium 2.48.2

Release date: October 9, 2015

Selenium 2.48.1

Release date: October 8, 2015

Selenium 2.48.0

Release date: October 7, 2015

Selenium 2.47.1

Release date: July 30, 2015

Selenium 2.47.0

Release date: July 29, 2015

Selenium 2.46.0

Release date: June 4, 2015

Selenium 2.45.0

Release date: February 26, 2015

Selenium 2.44.0

Release date: October 23, 2014

Selenium 2.43.1

Release date: September 10, 2014

Selenium 2.43.0

Release date: September 9, 2014

Selenium 2.42.2

Release date: June 2, 2014

Selenium 2.42.1

Release date: May 29, 2014

Selenium 2.42.0

Release date: May 22, 2014

Selenium 2.41.0

Release date: March 27, 2014

Selenium 2.40.0

Release date: February 19, 2014

Selenium 2.39.0

Release date: December 16, 2013

Maven information.

If you're using Maven or Gradle, you will find more information on MVNRepository . When the most recent version of Selenium is not there yet, you can also check the Selenium Maven repository .

Over the last decade, a large ecosystem of Open Source projects have sprouted up around Selenium. Check them out at the Ecosystem page .

Platforms Supported by Selenium

GeckoDriver is implemented and supported by Mozilla, refer to their documentation for supported versions.

Internet Explorer

Only version 11 is supported, and it requires additional configuration .

SafariDriver is supported directly by Apple, for more information, check their documentation

OperaDriver is supported by Opera Software, refer to their documentation for supported versions.

ChromeDriver is supported by the Chromium project, please refer to their documentation for any compatibility information.

Microsoft is implementing and maintaining the Microsoft Edge WebDriver, please refer to their documentation for any compatibility information.

Operating Systems

Microsoft Windows

Most versions of MS Windows that are currently still supported by Microsoft should work with Selenium. Although we use the latest MS Windows to troubleshoot things, it does not mean Selenium won't attempt to support different versions of Windows. This only means we don't continually run tests on other particular version of Windows.

We currently do not use any version of macOS in our automated tests against the Selenium project. However most developers on the project are using a recent version of macOS and we'll continue to support the current stable release and often the previous release.

We test mainly on Ubuntu, but other variations of Linux should also work where the browser manufacturers support them.

Source Code

You can also find a list of the Selenium source code at our GitHub repository .

Development Partners

Selenium level sponsors, support the selenium project.

Learn more or view the full list of sponsors.