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A Brief History of Victoria Falls

A record of over 2000 years of man’s evolution has been found in the Victoria Falls region, from the early Stone Age through to the Iron Age to present day.

The Bushman were undoubtedly the earliest settlers in the region, followed by the Tonga-Ila people from the south in 1500AD. These peaceful pastoralists were soon defeated by the Makokolo, who remained in the area and were amongst Dr. Livingstone’s party that first “discovered” the Falls. The Zambezi has been known outside of Africa for thousands of years. Certainly the Zambezi was a highway for Arab trade during the first millennium AD. Dr David Livingstone was the first European to view the Falls on the 16 November 1855, who described it as “Scenes so lovely must have been gazed upon by Angels in Their Flight”. He named the Falls after his monarch, Queen Victoria. Forty years after his discovery, coal deposits were found at Hwange (Zimbabwe) and copper in Zambia. The construction of the Cape to Cairo railway was thus diverted to cross the Zambezi just below Victoria Falls in 1905. This opened up the region to an influx of tourists and to cater for them the Victoria Falls Hotel was opened in 1904 which has since been visited by royalty and stars alike.

More reading

For those interested in history, extracts from Dr. Livingstone’s journals can be seen on the Eyewitness To History site The museum in Livingstone (Zambia) has a comprehensive collection of memorabilia relating to Dr. Livingstone and  permanent interpretive exhibitions on ethnology, natural history of the area and Zambia’s history. If you would like to take a tour to the Livingstone Museum please  contact us  to arrange. For more about David Livingstone’s life visit the David Livingstone Birthplace Museum in Scotland.  See more here For books on the history of Victoria Falls try the  ZambeziBookCompany

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How to Visit Victoria Falls in Zambia and Zimbabwe

Victoria Falls, one of the world’s most awe-inspiring natural wonders , straddles the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. You can easily experience the majesty of this iconic waterfall from both sides in a single day. Pack your (waterproof) walking shoes and prepare for a day of adventure with this guide on How to Visit Victoria Falls from both the Zambia and Zimbabwe sides

A note: As we stayed in Zambia and visited Zimbabwe for the day, the guide starts in Zambia. Check things to do in Livingstone to spend a day there and then end with the falls on the Zimbabwean side.

Both of the entrances to Victoria Falls are right next to their respective border crossings , making it very easy to visit both sides back to back.

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Mosi-oa-Tunya

Naming the falls.

Victoria Falls has a local name in the Tonga language: “Mosi-oa-Tunya.” This name translates to “ The Smoke that Thunders ,” describing the powerful and thunderous sound made by the waterfall and the mist that rises from it.

The falls were named “Victoria Falls” by the Scottish explorer David Livingstone in 1855, in honor of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, to commemorate her reign and the era of British colonialism in Africa. Livingstone was the first European explorer to see and document the waterfall.

Some Facts about the Waterfall

The Zambezi River flows along a relatively flat plateau before reaching a series of gorges that form Victoria Falls. As the river approaches the falls, it encounters a narrow chasm and plummets over the edge, creating the magnificent waterfall.

Views from the Zimbabwe side of the falls

Victoria Falls is one of the largest waterfalls in the world, boasting a width of about 1,708 meters (5,604 feet) and a height of approximately 108 meters (354 feet). The sheer size of the falls creates an impressive sight!

Low and High Season

The flow of water over Victoria Falls varies throughout the year, depending on the seasonal rainfall. During the rainy season, from November to March, the Zambezi River begins to swell. At the end of the rainy season the water levels in the river are at their highest and the months of March to May, are known as the “high-water season”. During this time, the falls are at their most powerful and spectacular, with immense volumes of water rushing over the edge. This is when we visited!

View from the Zambian side of the falls

Towards the second half of the dry season, from around September to December, the Zambezi River’s flow reduces, and the falls experience lower water levels. This period, known as the “low-water season,” allows for a different perspective of the falls, revealing the rocky formations and underlying geology that is concealed during the high-water season. This is when people swim in the Devil’s and Angel’s pools and get incredible pictures of themselves hanging over the edge of the waterfall (not for me tho, I’m too scared for that.…)

What to Wear at Victoria Falls

If you visit Vicotir Falls during the high water season, no matter how hard you try, you will get wet. Accept this fact now and pack accordingly.

I suggest wearing a swimsuit or some other type of quick-drying clothing . I wore my swimsuit all day long, and I paired it with quick-drying leggings and a rain jacket. My rain jacket is highly durable, but it has never been as defeated as it was at Victoria Falls. It still helped me avoid getting totally soaked through, though.

You should also wear sandals. I wore waterproof sandals that were perfect for all-day wear. My husband, Wilhelm, wore hiking shoes that were supposed to be able to withstand six hours of rain, but they clearly weren’t. Bring sandals just in case. The path is steady and would also be fine to do in flip-flops, as long as you walk carefully.

If you’re bringing a backpack, make sure it has a rain cover and put your valuables (cell phone and passport!) into a dry bag . We used a tiny drawstring bag and put all of our things into dry bags. This may not be necessary for you, but we put our extra clothes into dry bags just to be sure, and it worked like a charm.

For many pictures, I used my gopro becuase my phone would have gotten destroyed.

Crossing the Borders

I suggest an early day so that you can pack in as much as possible on the Zimbabwe side of the border.

After breakfast at our hotel, Jollyboys, our taxi (which we arranged the night before from the hotel), picked us up at 7am to take us to the Zambia border post . The cost to get to Victoria Falls from a hotel in Livingstone will cost around ZMW 120.

We took a nice 20-minute walk between the Zambian and Zimbabwean border posts, crossing the gorgeous no-mans-land bridge between the two countries. Here, you can go bungee jumping!

We witnessed a literal 360-degree rainbow while we were crossing the bridge. It was incredible. I’ve never seen so many rainbows in my life than during our Victoria Falls day trip.

The bridge can only take one car at a time, but pedestrians can walk across easily.

The rainbow was impossible to catch on my phone but this is the best angle I could get.

Crossing the border into Zimbabwe

To visit both sides of Victoria Falls in a day, you’ll need to navigate the border crossings between Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Right before you enter the Zimbabwe border control area, you’ll see the train that operates a dinner service in no-mans-land . The train needs a minimum of 30 people to operate for dinner. If you’re interested, I suggest you get in contact before you pay for the service as I saw some reviews that mention customers were not refunded even when the ride was cancelled. Be wary! There seem to be several tour companies offering the service but it’s all on a single train. The train runs from Victoria Falls (Zimbabwe) on a Tuesday and Friday, and from Livingstone (Zambia) on a Wednesday and Saturday.

Ensure you have a valid passport with at least 3 blank passport pages and any documents you need for a visa into Zimbabwe or Zambia. As a US passport holder, I needed to pay a USD 30 fee to get a visa (which took up a whole page in my passport!) to enter Zimbabwe. I paid in cash, but it looked like there was a card machine available as well.

Zimbabwe: Victoria Falls

The entrance to the Victoria Falls on the Zimbabwean side is about 500 meters after the border control, on your right. We entered the park at 8:30am and stayed until 10:15am, walking through all the viewpoints and stopping to read the informative posters at the entrance. You can extend your stay by stopping for coffee at the restaurant.

Costs and hours

• Summer (1st September to 30th April) – Opens 06h00 and Closes 18h00
• Winter (1st May to 31st August) – Opens 06h30 and Closes 18h00
• International visitors: USD 50
• Southern African Development Community (SADC) region visitors USD 30.
• Card machine on site

If you want to buy some slippers or a rain poncho, check out the market across from the entrance of the falls.

The Zimbabwean side of Victoria Falls encompasses 75% of the viewing available . There are 16 different viewpoints that span the waterfall.

I had two favorite lookout points. The first was Danger Points, where you’ll get totally soaked.

The second was the spot by the no-mans-land bridge. Although you don’t really see the falls from here, the bridge is a lovely sight.

Be sure to look out for the cheeky monkeys!

There is a statue of David Livingstone at one end of the park.

There are some great informative posters as well as a cafe at the entrance of the park.

A Couple of hours in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe

The touristy town of Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe is about a 15-minute walk from the falls. There is a sidewalk that will take you directly into town, or you can hop into one of the many taxis. Check out our stops below to decide what you want to do while you’re here.

Lookout Cafe

The Lookout Café , a few minutes out of town, is an excellent place to stop for an early drink or coffee over the Zambezi River and the gorge.

I’m sure the cafe gets popular as there were already several reserved signs on the tables when we reached at 10:30am.

We saw several people zipline around the area as well.

Lunch at River Brewing

Next, we walked 20 minutes to The River Brewing Company for lunch . The veg tacos were great and the service was fast. You can fill up your water bottles inside the restaurant too. I got a flight of beer to try. Instead of eating in town, you could also eat at the Victoria Falls Hotel for its famous tea service. We did this later on in the day but we were still full from our lunch to be able to finish all the scones and treats!

After lunch, we visited the nearby Elephant’s Walk Shopping & Artist’s Village . This center also has some restaurants for lunch.

There are craft items available from throughout Zimbabwe (and even some South African brands). The most unique item to purchase in my opinion would be a s mall carving made out of butter jade . I didn’t get great pictures, but this stone is unique to Zimbabwe and we weren’t able to find it in Zambia at the craft market. I wish I got something small at the outdoor sculpture area but we didn’t want to carry around a stone all day so we left it.

There are several other small touristy shops along Mosi-oa-Tunya Road. Wander in and out as you please.

Victoria Falls Hotel

Afterward, visit Victoria Falls Hotel for teatime ! The hotel was built in 1904 and is one of the oldest hotels in Africa with a prime location overlooking Zambezi River and the no-mans-land bridge. The hotel has been featured in many movies and TV shows, including “The African Queen” and “The Constant Gardener,” As well as played host to many famous guests over the years, including Winston Churchill, Nelson Mandela, and Princess Diana.

We were obviously dressed for a day of activity and not fancy evening wear… One of the hotel staff joked with us that there is a 1000 USD entry fee and that it’s meant for exclusive customers. I said we were paying for our tea experience (which is USD 30). I was a little taken aback but the staff said he was joking. Eh… Anyway, there is no entry fee.

Check out the cute (and wild) warthogs on the grass. From the hotel, you’ll have a wonderful view of the bridge connecting Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Whether you eat here or not, the view is worth a look.

Other things to do in Victoria Falls

• Go on a helicopter ride over the falls. I wish we had time for this. It looks incredible. You can also be picked up from the Zambian border at no extra charge.
• Take a dinner cruise on the Zambezi River

Zambia: Victoria Falls

After teatime, we walked back across to Zambia, passing the border control on the way.

The number of rainbows were incredible as we walked back across. We even saw some elephants!

• International visitors: USD 20

We spent just about an hour and a half on the Zambian side of the falls. As only 30% of the falls are visible from here, it was enough time to see everything. The ticketing agent said we could either get out by ourselves, or be chased out at 18.30 when the park closes. Honestly, I liked this side more than the Zimbabwean side. Although the Zimbabwe side of the falls allowed a greater viewing, the Zambian side allows you to get much closer the falls.

The Knife’s Edge bridge is a spectacular feature that I loved walking across. We were totally soaked and I got the best pics. I was so happy with this experience.

We watched the sunset over the top of Victoria Falls, which was fantastic. This experience is why I recommend you visit the Zimbabwean side first and get the Zambian side for sunset.

That said, because we arrived at the park in the late afternoon, we were not able to do the famed boiling point walk down to the waterfall sprays. However, the sprays we got from from Knife’s Edge were as soaked as we wanted to get. Boiling Point closes at 4pm.

There are souvenir shops with ponchos and others at the entrance of the park.

At the end of the day, we called the same taxi that dropped us off in the morning to come pick us up.

Lunar Rainbow

Although I hadn’t heard of this before, there are lunar rainbow viewings of Victoria Falls. This sounds amazing. The cost is USD 25 per person. We just missed this by a couple of days. Although the information I saw about the viewing was at the entrance of the Zambian side of Victoria Falls on a poster, this site seems to have the dates. You can also ask this travel company about the dates and pre-booking.

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How to Visit Victoria Falls

It’s not the widest or the tallest falls in the world, but it is without doubt the most impressive.

Victoria Falls is on almost everyone’s bucket list, but few people know the best way to experience it. On a recent trip to southern Africa, I saw it from every which way, so you don’t have to.

Why is it worth visiting?

Known by locals as Mosi-oa-Tunya, or “the smoke that thunders,” it was first seen by Western eyes in 1855 when British explorer David Livingstone came upon it and named it after his queen. Reflecting on the experience of seeing Victoria Falls for the first time, he wrote, “Scenes so lovely must be gazed upon by angels in their flight.”

The cataract still has that power to strike awe. It spans about a mile—the entire width of the Zambezi River—and drops a distance about twice the height of Niagara into a narrow gorge in one seemingly continuous sheet, forcing mist to rise high into the sky.

Not only can you see it, but you can hear it (from about a mile away), feel it, smell it, and taste it.

Where is it?

The falls straddles Zimbabwe to the west and Zambia to the east. You can access it from either country, via the town of Victoria Falls in Zimbabwe or Livingstone in Zambia. Both have good air connections.

Zimbabwe has historically been the more popular entry point, but political turmoil and hyperinflation in the 2000s made Zambia preferable.

Zambia has been one of Africa’s most stable and understated democracies; its safari lodges are known for their old-fashioned hospitality and plentiful wildlife.

Tip: At the airport of the country you enter first—Zimbabwe or Zambia—make sure you obtain the UniVisa (currently U.S. $50 for nationals from many countries) that serves as a multicountry pass.

How do I get there?

There are national park entrances on both sides of the falls, easily accessible from the towns of either Livingstone or Victoria Falls.

If you’ve booked through a safari operator, your guide will simply drive you to the entrance. The per-person fee is $20 on the Zambia side and $30 on the Zimbabwe side.

Which side is better?

Put very briefly: To see the falls, go to Zimbabwe; to feel the falls, go to Zambia.

But I recommend seeing it from both sides, and here’s why:

The Zambia side at high flow (February to June) is an exhilaratingly visceral experience; visitors walking on the other side of the narrow gorge can feel the spray (get drenched or rent a poncho). In the dry season, because the falls are at an incline, portions of land stay dry, which opens up other opportunities (see question on Devil’s Pool, below).

The Zimbabwe side tends to offer the more picturesque views because the viewpoints are farther, offering perspective. If you go in the height of the dry season, say, in November, the water volume is at a low point and the falls can feel a little underwhelming.

Can I do both sides in a day?

In fact, I did both sides in a couple of hours. Make sure you have a multiple-country visa in your passport. From either Livingstone or Victoria Falls, visit the border-crossing office and get your passport stamped for exit.

You can drive or walk across the bridge between the two countries, get your passport stamped for entry, and walk to the national park entrance.

If you wish to return, make sure you get your passport stamped leaving the country and entering the other country.

• Nat Geo Expeditions

However, I feel compelled to mention that one of the most compelling experiences I had didn’t even require park entrance. I stood on the bridge between the two countries, straddled Zim and Zam, and gazed at the world’s most famous waterfall.

There were a few other Western tourists, but I was mostly joined by the cross-border drivers and migrant workers. Safety during the day on the border road isn’t much of a concern, though travelers do have to deal with polite but pesky trinket sellers.

What else can I do at the falls area?

A luxury dinner train crosses from Zambia to Zimbabwe over the Zambezi River and stops in the middle for a view of the Falls (though plans call for an additional departure in the other direction).

For an aerial view, microlight flights are popular, and so is bungee jumping. There are comfortable or luxury lodges near both towns, often the launching points of multiday wildlife safaris.

I’ve seen photos of people standing at the edge of the falls. How do I do that and is it dangerous?

Devil’s Pool is an experience you can have only on the Zambia side and only during the dry season (mid-August to mid-January). It involves a boat ride on the Zambezi to Livingstone Island, from which you can swim in a natural pool at the edge of the falls.

Breathe easy: An unseen lip prevents you from actually going over. Run by a well-regarded tour operator, the Devils Pool is not a dangerous activity—provided you follow the directions of the guides. There are other unofficial natural pools in which people have gone over the edge; make sure your outfitter is licensed.

Norie Quintos is an editor at large at National Geographic Traveler . A former editor at U.S. News and World Report and Caribbean Travel and Life , she bikes, hikes, jumps on hotel beds, and tweets @noriecicerone .

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Victoria Falls Guide: Everything You Need to Know

Oct 11, 2020 | Destination Guides

Resting between Zimbabwe and Zambia , Victoria Falls is one of the world’s must-see waterfalls and has become a top travel destination for those visiting Africa.

To make sure you don’t miss this sought after travel hotspot, we’ve created the ultimate Victoria Falls guide with everything that you need to know about visiting one of the greatest waterfalls in Africa. 

Read everything from interesting Victoria Falls facts to the best Victoria Falls activities and the best time to go to this sought after travel destination.

Victoria Falls facts – A history of the falls

The formation of the Victoria Falls waterfall system dates back roughly 2 million years. It was during this time that the Zambezi River was formed; when the supercontinent known as Gondwanaland separated. The cracks in the basalt would later give way to the waters of the Zambezi, resulting in what is known today as Victoria Falls.

As well as the waterfall itself, Victoria Falls is also the name of the town on the Zimbabwean side of the waterfall. 

Victoria Falls was named in honour of Queen Victoria by the European explorer David Livingstone in 1855. Although most maps say ‘Victoria Falls”, the local people have long had a name for this natural wonder.  In the language of the indigenous people of Zimbabwe and Zambia, Victoria Falls is called Mosi-oa-Tunya , which translates to “The Smoke that Thunders”. 

Should you travel to Zimbabwe or Zambia?

When visiting Victoria Falls, one must decide whether to stay on the Zambia or Zimbabwe side of the Zambezi River. Experiencing the falls from either Zambia or Zimbabwe can result in a different experience. Both destinations have their own unique visibility of the falls, however, the Zimbabwean side flows all year round.

Staying on the Zimbabwean side

About three-quarters of the falls are seen from the Zimbabwean side which allows visitors to view the falls from every angle thoroughly. The town of Victoria Falls in Zimbabwe shares a name with the waterfall and is situated less than 1-kilometre away from this natural wonder. Victoria Falls town is a busy little tourist town with plenty of restaurants, curio shops and activities for visitors to enjoy. 

If you’re thinking of booking accommodation on the Zimbabwean side of the falls, the Victoria Falls Hotel is an incredible hotel offering private walkways to the falls.

Staying on the Zambian side

The Zambian side is much less crowded, and has less to do in terms of bars and restaurants. Yet many visitors report to enjoy the wild, more rugged element of Zambia. 

The town of Livingstone in Zambia is bigger than Victoria Falls and everything is spread out. Livingstone is a short drive away from the falls and has less viewing points than the Zambian side. It’s important to remember that at the height of the Victoria Falls dry season (October to November) the Zambian side of the falls dries up completely. 

One of our favourite hotels on the Zambian side of the falls is the Royal Livingstone Hotel . There’s also a private walkway to the waterfalls here. 

Moving between Zimbabwe and Zambia

Guests can also enter neighbouring countries with ease. All you have to do is present your visa which permits travellers to move between Zimbabwe, Zambia and Botswana. 

There is a border crossing on Victoria Falls bridge – making it easy to hop between Zimbabwe and Zambia to view the falls from both sides on the same day. To learn how the visa works, contact us .

Victoria Falls Guide

Height of victoria falls  .

It may not be the highest waterfall in the world, but Victoria Falls’ combined size and surface area make it the world’s largest body of falling water. 

The highest point of Victoria Falls is 108 metres, and the largest width is 1700 wide. The ledge is not straight, therefore, there are different heights as you look at it from either Zimbabwe or Zambia.

Victoria Falls Weather

Between May and September, the days are cool and dry where temperatures reach 25 to 27 C (77 to 80 F) during the day and drop from 7 to 10 C (44 to 50 F) at night. 

During October and April, the days are hotter and wetter summer months with highs of 32 to 34 C (90 to 93 F) during the day, and lows of 15 to 19 C (59 to 66 F) at night.

Wildlife in Victoria Falls 

Unlike the neighbouring country of Botswana, Victoria Falls does not guarantee sightings of the Big Five. Despite this, it does have a large number of wildlife species. 

Elephants are in abundance on both sides of the waterfall and can often be seen crossing the river banks when water levels are low. Visitors will spot plenty of crocodiles and hippos bathing in the Zambezi River, and buffalo are often seen drinking near the water’s edge. 

Big predators such as lions and hyenas can also be seen cooling off under the trees. Smaller mammals such as warthogs, impalas, mongoose and otters are found close to the falls. 

How to get to Victoria Falls 

Travelling to Victoria Falls is easy with direct flights from Johannesburg to Harry Mwanga Nkumbula International Airport in Zambia or Victoria Falls Airport in Zimbabwe. Travelling to Victoria Falls can also be done via Kasane Airport in Botswana. 

Best time to travel to Victoria Falls 

Victoria Falls changes with the seasons, therefore, deciding when to travel to this natural wonder is important to your overall experience.

The months of October and November marks the end of a long dry season . During this time, the river is parched and the Zambezi is at its lowest. If you’re travelling to Victoria Falls during these months, your best bet is to go to Zimbabwe as this side of the waterfall flows all year round. That being said, don’t discount visiting other attractions during the dry months in Zambia, the low water levels are the perfect opportunity to experience the famous Devil’s Pool. 

The months of February to June is the prime time to visit the Zimbabwean side of the falls as the water levels are at their highest. During this time, the waterfall offers incredible views, however the mist and spray of the water may pose a challenge for viewing and photography. You’re also guaranteed to get wet.

The weather is most pleasant during the dry winter months of May to September . During this time of year there are cool evenings and warm days.

If you’re looking forward to white water-rafting Victoria Falls , travel from August to early January when the rapids are at their best. 

If you’re going on safari, travel between May and October when the vegetation is low, and animals are easily spotted.

Things to do in Victoria Falls

No Victoria Falls guide is complete without listing a few of the best Victoria Falls activities to get up when visiting the area.

Visit the Victoria Falls National Park

One of the seven natural wonders of the world and one of the greatest waterfalls in Africa, Victoria Falls is something that no traveller to Africa should never miss.

Take a dip in Devil’s Pool 

A favourite spot for the adrenaline junkies, Devil’s Pool is the world’s most epic infinity pool. Visitors have the chance to swim to the edge of the Earth’s largest waterfall in a naturally formed rock pool that looks over the edge of Victoria Falls. 

Go bungee jumping

Daredevils have the chance to plunge off the Victoria Falls Bridge and glide down for 111 metres on the Victoria Falls bungee jump.

Enjoy a sunset cruise on the Zambezi River

Glide down the magnificent Zambezi River while the sun sets over Victoria Falls and watch how the river comes to life. This is one of the most popular Victoria Falls activities.

Go white water rafting

Whitewater rafting down the Zambezi River is a thrilling experience! Rafters sometimes have the chance to get up close to hippos and crocs. 

Enjoy a s afari

Wildlife lovers can enjoy a range of different safaris, from canoe-based safaris, sunset cruises, open vehicle 4 x 4 safaris and even horseback and helicopter excursions. 

Explore the town of Victoria Falls

The town of Victoria Falls is compact and easily accessible. Visitors can wander the streets, strolling between the shops, lodges and craft markets at their heart’s content. The town is tourist-oriented, there are supermarkets and cafes in town, as well as superb restaurants in the hotels dotted around the area.

View the lunar rainbow

One of the most captivating sights of the Victoria Falls is the rare and beautiful view during a full moon. As the light from the moon bounces off the mist from the falls, it creates a Lunar Rainbow or “moonbow”. 

Victoria Falls gives you a chance to experience one of Africa’s natural wonders.  We hope this Victoria Falls guide has helped you learn a bit more about this wonderful destination.

If there is anything else you need to know about Victoria Falls, message us in the comment section below!

Get help planning your trip to African and contact us today to book your next trip to one of the most historic places on Earth.

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Victoria Falls - What you need to know

9 days, 4 countries, and umpteen experiences - many outside my comfort zone. I was enchanted by the Victoria Falls  , canoed in hippo and crocodile infested waters, rode a horse in a game reserve and was almost attacked by a massive baboon. Africa is wild .. and wonderful.

What started off as a simple trip to see the Victoria Falls turned out to be much more than that. I had last been to the Victoria Falls when I was in school - long enough for the memories to have faded. Besides, my husband had been wanting to go there for a long time too.  So, we decided to use our British Airways miles to book our trip. There were no British Airways rewards flights to Victoria Falls Zimbabwe available but there were flights to Livingstone (Zambia). However, the earliest return flights were 9 days later – longer than we would have planned but we booked them nonetheless.

Victoria Falls - Zimbabwe

My initial thought was "what were we going to do for 9 days" because most people go there for three days only. I then began planning an itinerary. This is what we ended up with.

2 nights at Avani Victoria Falls Hotel in Livingstone (Zambia) 2 nights at Ichingo Chobe River Lodge  in the Zambezi Region, previously known as the Caprivi Strip   (Namibia via Botswana) 3 nights in  Victoria Falls (Zimbabwe) 2 nights at Royal Chundu near Livingstone (Zambia)

Between the Namibia and Zimbabwe legs, we went for a game drive in Chobe National Park, Botswana . In hindsight, the length of time we spent on this trip was perfect because we got to experience more of what the area has to offer.

Victoria Falls - Zambia

• One of the seven natural wonders of the world, the Victoria Falls is the largest waterfall in the world by area. A whopping 1.7 kilometres wide and 108 metres high, it produces the world's largest sheet of falling water.
• The falls are situated on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe, in the towns of Livingstone and Victoria Falls respectively. To see the falls, you will need to travel to one of these two towns. South Africans do not need a visa to visit these countries. Other visitors may require a Kaza UniVisa .
• Scottish missionary and explorer, Dr David Livingstone was the first European to see the Victoria Falls in 1855. He named the falls after Queen Victoria in England.

Statue of David Livingstone at the Victoria Falls

Tips for visiting Victoria Falls

1. Which side to visit?

Although two-thirds of the waterfalls lie on the Zimbabwean side, do visit both sides. Each one has viewpoints that will provide you with unique views. Both sides offer extreme adventure activities, although some – like swimming in Devil’s Pool - can only be done on the Zambian side.

2. Entrance Fees

The entrance fee for the Falls are as follows: Zimbabwe – SADC Residents – US $20 – International visitors – US $30

Zambia – International & SADC visitors – US $20

If you are staying at the Avani Victoria Falls Hotel or the Royal Livingstone Hotel, you get free entry.

Local residents get special rates on both sides.

Victoria Falls Bridge

3. When to visit Victoria Falls

The best time of the year to see the waterfalls is between April and July. However certain activities are not available when the water levels are high so it is best to know what you want to do before you go.

4. Footwear

Do wear non-slippery shoes as the pathways are usually wet from the spray of the waterfalls.  Even then, you should be careful. I slipped on some moss despite my Adidas trail shoes.

Knife's Edge Bridge at sunrise

5. Raincoats

We took rain ponchos with us because it was mentioned often in the research I did. However, we didn’t end up using them. We did get wet, but because the weather was so hot, we actually enjoyed being sprayed by the falls. They do hire out rain coats but it is cheaper to take your own.

6. Eating in the park

Whatever you do, do not take snacks with you. There are wild baboons everywhere. I opened up a packet of peanut sweets without thinking and a baboon started bounding towards me. Concerned about my personal safety, I threw the packet to one side and he grabbed it and disappeared promptly. ( I do not recommend feeding the wildlife unless your personal safety is at risk).

This is a malaria region, so it is advisable to take precautions. Speak to your doctor /pharmacist.

8. Getting around

We used taxis to get around as there is no Uber network. If you need a taxi or tour guide on the Zimbabwean side, contact Mthulisi on 263 77 287 1987. On the Zambian side, contact Owen on 260 97 9374937. For some reason, Zimbabwean taxis are not allowed on the Zambian side. However, Zambian taxis may drive in Zimbabwe.

9. Game-viewing

There are several wildlife reserves in the area so do some game-viewing during your visit.

10. Shopping

If you want to shop for curios, visit the town of Victoria Falls. It is rather touristy though and you can expect to get harassed by touts.

11. Currency

In Zambia, you can use Kwachas, the local currency or South African Rands. In Zimbabwe, because of hyper-inflation, US dollars are the most convenient currency to use. The old Zimbabwean notes are now sold as souvenirs on the streets. My husband bought over 70 billion dollars for R100 and gave them to my daughter, telling her that she was now a billionaire. She was amused.

Old Zimbabwe currency

We bought a coffee at The Rainforest Cafe and the price was shown in 12 different currencies! It was the first time I'd seen that.

Coffee bill

12. The moonbow

During the full moon period, you can see a lunar rainbow over the Falls, which is caused by the refraction of the moon'slight. I was disappointed to have missed it by a day.

13. Day trips

Chobe National Park in Botswana and The Caprivi Strip in Namibia are just over an hour away from the Victoria Falls. They are accessible via an area called Kazungula where four countries meet. Try to visit them if you have time. Day trips are possible too. (Do check your visa requirements).

River safaris

Other things to do in the Victoria Falls region

This area is known as the Adventure Capital of Africa and there are a multitude of activities available for the adventurous.  Whatever you choose to do,  ensure that you follow good principles for sustainable tourism . Here are some of the activities:

• Bungee-jumping
• Micro-lighting
• Helicopter trips over the Falls
• Swimming in Devil’s Pool
• Sunset cruises on the Zambezi
• White-water rafting
• River Safaris
• Horse-riding in a game reserve

Where to stay

These hotels are close to the Falls.

In Zambia, stay at the Avani Victoria Falls Hotel or the Royal Livingstone Victoria Falls .

In Zimbabwe, stay at the Victoria Falls Safari Lodge  or The Victoria Falls Hotel .

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Disclosure: 17

Sara Essop is a travel blogger and writer based in South Africa. She writes about family travel and experiences around the world. Although she has been to 49 countries thus far, she especially loves showcasing her beautiful country and is a certified South Africa Specialist.

Related posts

• Chobe National Park & the African Quadripoint
• Why you should stay at the Avani Victoria Falls Resort
• Wildlife & waterfalls at the Victoria Falls Safari Lodge
• Experience the magic of the Zambezi at Royal Chundu

12 comments on “Victoria Falls - What you need to know”

Ahh this has been on my bucket list for so long. Thank you so much for sharing!

Victoria Falls look breathtaking! I really want to visit! Thank you for sharing this!

This article has brought back some great memories of my visit to Victoria Falls. They are so spectacular. I also had fun white water rafting on the Zambezi River below the falls. Thanks so much for sharing!

The Victoria Falls are incredible. The white water rafting sounds like fun too. We didn't do it but we did go canoeing on the Zambezi.

Very helpful and informative!

A wonderful and informative post . Thank you !

You have a very great website. I discovered it through yahoo.

I enjoyed this post and it is very informative.

We've always been fans of chasing waterfalls around the world and when we saw this we knew right away we had to visit! I think we are planning a trip for next year so this will be helpful. Thanks

Great informative post, well done guys!

I love this post there is so much useful information for anyone who wants to visit Victoria Falls and your pictures are spectacular!

Thank you so much for this post! I've never visited Africa but it's always been on my list and I hope that one day I'll get there. Victoria Falls must be one incredible place to visit! Your photographs are absolutely stunning. This guide is fabulous with so much detail, I'll be saving it for when we do visit Victoria Falls one day! I look forward to reading more of your posts!

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The Ultimate First Time Visitor’s Guide to Victoria Falls

LAST UPDATED: 4/12/23 – Visitor’s Guide to Victoria Falls

Before Dr. David Livingstone happened to cross paths with it during his explorations of Africa back in 1855, most of the Western world had no idea that Victoria Falls even existed. After seeing this stunning natural wonder for the first time, he nicknamed the Falls “the smoke that thunders” because of the thundering crash and clouds of drenching mist that the enormous amount of water falling into the Victoria Falls gorge creates.

After falling in love with its beauty, he formally named it after the British Monarch at the time, Queen Victoria. As I explain in this guide to Victoria Falls, the Falls are located on the mighty Zambezi River, which forms a natural border between the countries of Zimbabwe and Zambia. While it may not be the tallest or the widest waterfall in the world, Victoria Falls is the world’s largest sheet of water and is a natural wonder that every traveler should see with their own eyes.

While I know you probably want to start making plans to visit Victoria Falls right away, I would strongly suggest taking the time to research your trip first. This way, you can be sure to see and do everything that you want to do and have a trip that you will remember for a lifetime. One of the best ways to do that is to read this detailed guide to Victoria Falls.

In this guide to Victoria Falls, I am going to provide you will all of the information that you need to plan a successful trip to see this beautiful wonder of the world. I cover the best times to visit and the best ways to get there so that you can maximize what you are able to see and do on your trip. 

I also outline all of the top things to see and do while you are there and where the best places to stay and eat are. With the information in my guide to Victoria Falls in hand, you can be confident that your trip to see the Falls will be a trip that you remember for a lifetime.

At a Glance

Before you start making any travel plans, you will want to make sure to take care of all of the passport, VISA, and immunization requirements for your trip.   In addition, you will want to make sure you have a clear understanding of what languages they speak in Zimbabwe and what currency they use so that you can plan any translation needs you might have for your trip and exchange currency before your trip if necessary.  I have included some of this key information in my guide to Victoria Falls below for you to review as you start to make your travel plans.

Passport, VISA, Customs, and Immunization Requirements

In order to assist you in navigating the legal requirements for visiting Zimbabwe, I have included a link to my Zimbabwe Passport, VISA, Customs, and Immunization Requirements Guide for you to review below.  This guide will give you all of the information that you will need to meet the VISA, passport, customs, and immunizations requirements and recommendations for visiting Zimbabwe.

I have also outlined all of the vaccination requirements and recommendations for travel to Zimbabwe in the guide below. You will want to be sure to review this section of the guide thoroughly to ensure your health is protected during your visit.

In addition to this passport, VISA, and immunization advice, I have also included links to supplemental guides that I have created on why I recommend getting the Rabies pre-exposure vaccination before traveling internationally and how to protect yourself from tick and mosquito-borne illnesses when traveling. Even though Victoria Falls isn’t a high-risk area for malaria, it is still good to protect yourself just in case.

Packing Tips

Outside of taking care of the passport, visa, and immunization requirements so that you can get into Zimbabwe and don’t get sick, there is no more important pre-travel planning task than making sure you pack the right clothing and gear for your trip.  To help make sure you are properly packed and prepared, I have included links to some of my packing resources for you to review in my guide to Victoria Falls below.

Top Things to See and Do

While the top attraction that people visit Victoria Falls to see is undoubtedly the Falls itself, there are plenty of other incredible things to see and do in the Victoria Falls area. Whether you are visiting to see the falls and the area’s incredible landscapes, go on safari in the area’s many incredible wildlife parks and reserves, or just want to plan a relaxing stay, visiting Victoria Falls is certain to be an experience you will remember for a lifetime. In order to help ensure that you have all of the top sights on your itinerary, I have outlined the top ten things I would recommend seeing and doing while vising the city in my Guide to Victoria Falls below.

Visit Victoria Falls National Park

One of the best ways to view Victoria Falls from the Zimbabwe side is to visit the Victoria Falls National Park and walk the Victoria Falls footpath. In addition to offering a variety of different viewpoints of the falls from which to take photographs, the park is also home to the Dr. David Livingstone Statue.

While you aren’t able to get as close to the falls from the Zimbabwean side as you are from the Zambian side, the views of the falls from Zimbabwe are much prettier in my opinion because you get to see the largest parts of the waterfall. You have to pay to get into the park, so please be sure to check the official Victoria Falls National Park website for current rates before visiting.

Be aware, while large predators are rarely spotted inside Victoria Falls National Park, this is a wildlife park and wild animals do live there. Some of these animals can be dangerous to humans, so avoid being in the park before sunrise or after sunset. For information on which viewpoints to stop at during your visit, please refer to the map I have included in my guide to Victoria Falls below.

View Larger Map

See the Livingstone Statue

One of the ca n’t-miss spots to stop at within Victoria Falls National Park is the Dr. David Livingstone statue. If you aren’t familiar with who Livingstone was, this is a perfect way to get to know this infamous 19th-century British explorer a little better.

Livingstone was renowned for his explorations of Africa. Throughout his career, he made several trips to the continent to work as a missionary, explore the unknown interior of the continent, and most famously search for the source of the Nile River.

During one of his expeditions, he heard a roaring thunder in the distance and saw what he thought were plumes of smoke rising into the air. As he got closer, he became one of the first Westerners to ever set eyes on what he would later name Victoria Falls.

The waterfall was so huge and powerful that he nicknamed it “the smoke that thunders”. Today, the city of Livingstone, Zambia is named after Dr. David Livingstone and there are many monuments in his honor in the area. One of the most famous is this statue of him in Victoria Falls National Park.

Take a Cruise on the Zambezi River

While seeing Victoria Falls from the foot trail within Victoria Falls National Park is undoubtedly the best way to experience and photograph the falls, there are many other adventures available for you to enjoy near the falls as well.

One such adventure that I recommend every traveler experience is a sunset cruise on the Zambezi River. You will be left speechless by the beauty of the river and the abundance of the incredible wildlife that lives both in and around it. There is a great chance you will see hippos or crocodiles in the river as you meander your way down this iconic river.

There is also a great chance you will see elephants, giraffes, and various species of antelope along the river’s banks, so make sure you keep your eyes peeled. Finally, there is nothing more beautiful than seeing the sun set over this breathtaking landscape from your comfortable spot aboard the boat. It is truly an experience you will remember forever.

Go on Safari in the Zambezi National Park

While Victoria Falls is widely considered to be one of the most incredible landmarks in the world for good reason, there is a lot to see and do in the area outside of just visiting the Falls. One of the most popular activities that visitors enjoy during their visit is going on safari to see some of Africa’s most amazing wildlife.

I do strongly suggest that you plan enough time to explore some of the national parks and wildlife reserves outside of the Victoria Falls area. The most notable on this list would be Chobe National Park in Botswana and Hwange National Park to the South in Zimbabwe. However, if you don’t have a lot of time, that doesn’t mean you can’t go on a safari during your visit.

The incredible Zambezi National Park is located just outside of Victoria Falls and is home to four of Africa’s “Big Five” animals. This includes lions, cape buffalo, elephants, and leopards. If you are lucky, you might even spot the critically endangered African wild dogs. For more information on the Zambezi National Park, please check out the official Zimbabwe Parks website for details.

Go on Safari in the Livingstone Private Game Reserve

While the nearby Zambezi National Park is outstanding, it does not allow visitors the opportunity to see all of the “Big Five” animals of Africa. The one animal that you definitely won’t see when visiting is the rhinoceros. If seeing one of these beautiful creatures is on your bucket list, you are in luck.

The nearby Stanley Livingstone Private Game Reserve offers private safaris that give you a great chance of seeing the critically endangered southern black rhino. Unlike the national parks in Southern Africa, the private game reserves are privately owned and maintained. This creates additional conservation lands to help protect the beautiful wildlife.

If you would like more information, I would suggest checking out the Stanley Livingstone Private Game Reserve website . For those who would like to book a tour, there is a great Stanley Livingstone Private Game Reserve safari tour option available on Viator.com.

Go Rafting Down the Zambezi River

For travelers who are looking for a little bit more adventure than just seeing Victoria Falls, there are many incredible adventure travel opportunities that you can try in the area. One of the most popular of these activities is to take a whitewater rafting tour down the Zambezi River.

Your heart will be pounding as your tour group navigates the rapids of the Zambezi River, which is certain to be an experience you remember for a lifetime. Not only is the rafting incredible, but the opportunity to spot elephants and other wildlife on the banks of the river is a bonus you won’t find on many other whitewater rafting tours in the world.

If you are interested in booking a whitewater rafting tour during your stay in the Victoria Falls area, please be sure to check out my Recommended Tours and Excursions section of this guide to Victoria Falls below.

Try Bungy Jumping

Another adventure opportunity that you can try while visiting Victoria Falls is to go bungee jumping into the Zambezi River Gorge. If you are an adrenaline junky that loves to bungee jump, I can’t think of many places more beautiful to try the sport than at the breathtaking Victoria Falls.

There are two locations in which you can jump in the Victoria Falls area. The first is the Shearwater Bungee Jump at the Victoria Falls Bridge . This 364-foot jump off of one of Africa’s most iconic bridges is certain to be an adventure you remember forever.

The second bungee location is the Wild Horizons Lookout Cafe Bungee Jump , in which you jump 364 feet from a platform on the side of the river gorge. Like the bridge jump, it is a truly breathtaking landscape in which to enjoy the sport!

Swim to the Edge of the Falls at Devil’s Pool

Don’t get me wrong, you can get some absolutely spectacular views of Victoria Falls without getting wet. I have already outlined how the foot trail in the Victoria Falls National Park on the Zimbabwean side has some of the best viewpoints and the Knife Edge on the Zambian side lets you get very close to the edge of the Falls.

However, if you want to get some out-of-this-world views of Victoria Falls, there is no better way to do that than at Devil’s Pool. This strangely becalmed 10-foot feet natural pool with a rock lip makes it relatively safe to swim right up to the edge of the Falls and peer over.

There are tours you can book to visit Devil’s Pool, which involves swimming across the Zambezi River with a guide to Livingstone Island, where you can then access the pool. Obviously, swimming to the Devil’s Pool is only safe during the low-water periods during the dry season, so if this is something that you would like to do when you visit Victoria Falls, I would make sure to plan your visit between the months of June and December.

Devil’s Pool is on the Zambian side of the Falls, so if you are staying on the Zimbabwean side, you will need to cross over the Victoria Falls bridge and pay the VISA fee in order to take this tour. For more information on the Devil’s Pool tours available, please check out the Recommended Tours and Excursions section of this guide to Victoria Falls below.

Cross the Bridge Between Zimbabwe and Zambia

Why see Victoria Falls from just one side when you can easily see it from both sides? This natural wonder of the world is unique because it sits on the natural border between the countries of Zimbabwe and Zambia.

While a majority of the Falls are located on the Zimbabwean side, there are some very unique and incredible viewing opportunities on the Zambian side as well. I have already covered the amazing foot trail in the Victoria Falls National Park in Zimbabwe, as well as the Knife Edge and Devil’s Pool in Zambia.

If you are staying in Victoria Falls and want to experience the Falls from Zambia or you are staying in Livingstone and want to see the Falls from Zimbabwe, going back and forth between the countries couldn’t be easier. You will need a VISA to cross between Zimbabwe and Zambia and then back, so you can either pay the $50 USD for a KAZA UniVisa at the border or pre-pay for your VISA by purchasing a Zimbabwe e-VISA and a Zambia e-VISA online ahead of time.

Take a Helicopter Ride Over the Falls

While the views of Victoria Falls from the ground are spectacular, seeing this natural wonder of the world from the air is a whole different level of beauty. It is very hard to really appreciate the scale and the power of Victoria Falls unless you can see the Falls in their entirety.

The only way to do that is to get up in a helicopter and fly over it. For those travelers who are up for the adventure, you will be happy to know that there are helicopter tours available that will fly you over Victoria Falls.

In fact, on some tours, they also fly over the rest of Victoria Falls National Park, so you also have the opportunity to spot elephants, giraffes, and other wildlife from the air. It is a spectacular experience that you will never forget. For more information on Victoria Falls helicopter tours, please see the Recommended Tours and Excursions section of my guide to Victoria Falls below.

How to Get There

If you are planning on visiting Victoria Falls, there are several different ways that you can get there, depending on what else you are planning to see and do during your trip. If you are coming to the area primarily to visit the falls, the easiest way to get to Victoria Falls is to fly into the Victoria Falls International Airport (VFA) , which is located just outside of the city.

You can also fly directly into the area by flying into the Harry Mwanga Nkumbula International Airport (LVI) on the Zambian side. For those who are planning on going on safari in Botswana and would like to take a side trip to visit the falls, you will probably be flying into the Kasane International Airport (BBK) in Botswana. You can then arrange a day tour to Victoria Falls from your lodge in Chobe National Park or the other wildlife parks and reserves in Botswana.

The same can be said for travelers who will be visiting Zimbabwe to go on safari in Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe. If you are planning on spending the majority of your time around Hwange, you may find it more convenient to fly into and out of the Hwange National Park Airport (HWN) and then arrange transportation to Victoria Falls for a day trip. For more information on where these parks and cities are located in relation to Victoria Falls, please see the map I have included in my guide to Victoria Falls below.

Choosing a Side to Visit

What many people who haven’t visited the area don’t realize is that Victoria Falls sits along the border between the countries of Zimbabwe and Zambia and can easily be visited from both countries. The good news is, you don’t need to choose between a side. You can easily pass between the Zimbabwean and Zambian sides of the falls by using the Victoria Falls bridge.

All you will need is your passport and a double\multiple entry VISA (which you will need to pay for at the border). Which side of the falls you choose to use as your base of operations will depend greatly on what else you plan on seeing and doing during your visit to the area.

The Zimbabwe side of Victoria Falls has by far the best view of the falls. Three-quarters of the waterfall is in Zimbabwe, and the Victoria Falls National Park footpath offers a plethora of incredible viewpoints from which to view the falls.

You will actually feel the tremors of the falls thundering into the canyon below your feet as you wander thru the mist-filled rainforest along the path. This incredible footpath makes the Victoria Falls National Park in Zimbabwe an absolute must-see destination when in the area.

While the Zambian side of the falls may not offer as many good viewpoints, you are able to get much closer to the falls on the Zambian side. On the Zambian side, you are able to walk along paved paths at the edge of the waterfall and cross a stomach-turning Knife-Edge bridge that crosses over the falls. During high water season, the experience is absolutely exhilarating and terrifying at the same time.

And for those who are really adventurous, you are even able to swim up to the Devil’s Pool, which sits right at the precipice of the falls during low water season. From here, you can peek your head over the falls and into the canyon below. If you love adventure, it is hard to top this incredible travel experience!

For more information on what you can expect from each side of the falls, please refer to the summary of the Zimbabwe and Zambia side of Victoria Falls that I have included in my guide to Victoria Falls below.

Visiting the Falls from Zimbabwe Side

• Incredible views of the main falls
• You can see a majority of the water flowing over the falls at varying degrees of strength throughout the year
• Most of the hotels are within walking distance of the falls
• You are able to explore Victoria Falls town and its iconic market
• Victoria Falls town is a classic tourist town with a wide assortment of restaurants and bars
• The Victoria Falls Hotel, the most historic hotel in the Falls area, is on this side
• See the critically endangered black rhino at Stanley Livingstone Private Game Reserve

Visiting the Falls from Zambia Side

• Amazingly close waterfall viewing
• The ability to swim to the fall’s edge at Devil’s Pool during the low-water season
• You are able to visit Livingstone Island when water levels permit
• There is a wide assortment of romantic river-side lodges
• Incredible game viewing at Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park
• The city of Livingstone isn’t as tourist-oriented and is mostly comprised of businesses

Best Time to Visit

One of the biggest decisions you will have to make when planning your trip to see Victoria Falls is the time of year you plan your visit. Not only will the time of year impact the type of weather can expect to have during your visit, but it will also have a big impact on what you can see and do at the falls.

Depending on the time of year, Victoria Falls will either look like a wall of raging water or several smaller waterfalls flowing into a large canyon. Victoria Falls is absolutely breathtaking at full capacity during the wet season, but it can also be fun to visit when the water levels aren’t as high as you can safely get closer to the falls. In this section of my guide to Victoria Falls, I outline what you can expect to see and safely do at Victoria Falls and what type of weather to expect throughout the year.

Average Temperature (°F)

The weather in Victoria Falls is typically very warm throughout the year, but it can get incredibly hot between late September and mid-December. During this time of year, daytime high temperatures can reach into the 90s (Fahrenheit) and it can feel much hotter in the sun. If you don’t do well with heat, you may want to avoid visiting during this time of year.

While temperatures can be much cooler during the winter period of late May thru early August, it can get rather cool at night. If you are planning to visit at this time of year, you will want to bring a light jacket with you to wear during the evenings.

Average Precipitation (Inches)

For those who are planning on going on safari while visiting, or have a lot of activities planned outdoors, you will also want to consider the average rainfall that Victoria Falls gets throughout the year. During the wet season, which lasts between late November and mid-March, the area gets quite a bit of rain.

However, during the winter months of May thru the beginning of September, the area sees very little rainfall. During this time of year, the wildlife is much easier to spot while on safari because there is less vegetation to obstruct your view. However, near the end of the dry season is when Victoria Falls is furthest from its peak volumes.

January to March

If you are looking for good travel deals, then January is likely your best time to visit Victoria Falls. Even though it is the height of summer, the water level of the Zambezi is still relatively low. This makes it not the ideal time to see the falls, but you can find some great rates on the luxury Victoria Falls lodges. This is also the ideal time to go whitewater rafting on the Zambezi River as water levels are starting to rise, but they aren’t near their peak.

If you want to see Victoria Falls reaching its maximum capacity, I would suggest waiting until late February. Without a doubt, this is the best time to view and photograph the falls. The waters of the Zambezi will be plummeting down into the gorges and the mist from the falls creates some of the most beautiful rainbows you will ever see.

However, February thru May is one of the worst times to go on safari in nearby Hwange National Park and the parks and game reserves of Botswana such as Chobe. The heavy rainfall from the previous months will mean lush vegetation in the parks, which makes spotting animals much more difficult.

By March, the water levels of the Zambezi and the volume of water going over the falls are at their apex. In fact, there is so much water going over the falls during this time of year that you can hear the waterfall from miles away. You can still go white water rafting during this time of year, but the high water levels of the Zambezi River can make it a terrifying experience if you aren’t an experienced rafter.

April to June

When the calendar hits April, summer comes to an end in Victoria Falls. With the end of summer, the temperatures start to drop a bit. With lower temperatures and water levels of the Zambezi River still relatively high, this is one of the best times to visit Victoria Falls. However, because of the high volumes of water flowing over the falls, the strong mist in the air can make it difficult to see the entirety of the falls. One of the best ways to get around this is to book a helicopter tour and view this iconic landmark from the air.

Starting in May, the dry season in Victoria Falls begins. This is when nighttime temperatures really start to drop, so make sure you pack a jacket and long pants if you decide to visit during this time of year. With very comfortable daytime temperatures, this is undoubtedly the best time of year to visit if you want to avoid the heat.

If you are planning on visiting Victoria Falls and the parks and game reserves of Botswana, including the infamous Chobe National Park, the best times of year to visit are from June to August. The dry season means there is less vegetation to obstruct your views of animals and the shrinking water holes mean the animals need to congregate near the Chobe River. This makes it much easier to find and spot wildlife. It is also a good time to visit Victoria Falls as well. Even though this is the start of the dry season, the volume of water flowing over the falls is still greater than it is at the end of the dry season.

July to September

Even though the month of July is in the middle of the dry season at Victoria Falls and the Zambezi River is no longer at full volume, it can still be a great time to visit the falls. For instance, this is the time of year when the infamous lunar rainbow makes its incredible appearance at Victoria Falls. The mild daytime temperatures also make daytime safaris at Hwange National Park and Chobe National Park much more enjoyable.

Starting in August, the temperatures in Victoria Falls start to increase again. This means that early morning and evening safaris in the surrounding parks aren’t quite as chilly. There is still very little rainfall, so it is a great time to see the falls, go on safari, and try some outdoor activities such as whitewater rafting or Devil’s Pool swim tour.

The month of September is the start of spring in Victoria Falls and is undoubtedly the best time of year to visit the falls if you are planning on going on a safari at one of the surrounding wildlife parks. The temperatures are not too warm, but they are warm enough to make early morning and evening safaris very enjoyable.

This is the month of the year when spotting difficult-to-see wildlife such as the elusive leopard is easiest because of the sparse vegetation. However, the later in September you visit, the dryer Victoria Falls will be. This is why I think late August and early September are the optimal times to visit when combining a visit to Victoria Falls with a safari experience.

October to December

In my opinion, one of the worst times of year to visit Victoria Falls in October. Not only is this the hottest month of the year, but the water level of the Zambezi River is at its lowest level. This means that the water flowing over Victoria Falls is at its least remarkable level.

The wet season officially kicks off again in November, and during this time of year, you can expect to see the first spring rains in Victoria Falls. However, don’t expect the water level of the Zambezi River to rise too quickly in November as it takes time for the rainfall to travel from the Angolan Highlands down to the river.

If you are into bird watching, November is the best time of year to spot many of the migratory birds that start arriving in Victoria Falls. There are some stunning bird species and this is one of the best times of year to spot them.

By December, it is nearing the height of the wet season in Victoria Falls. The daytime temperatures are still very hot and you can expect frequent afternoon thunderstorms. The water level of the Zambezi River is starting to rise and this is the last month for a while that you will be able to safely go whitewater rafting on the river. The migratory birds are also still around the falls thru December, so bird watching continues to be very good.

Where to Stay

One of the most important decisions you are going to have to make when planning your trip to see Victoria Falls is where you will stay.  When you travel, the accommodations you choose are oftentimes amongst the biggest expenditures for your trip.  So not only do you need to be comfortable where you are staying, but you also need to be comfortable with how much you are paying to stay there. 

Finding the right accommodations for your trip involves looking at the amenities, the location, and most importantly, the price.  If you are starting to plan your trip to Zimbabwe and want some hotel and hostel suggestions, I have included some great options at different price points in my guide to Victoria Falls below for you to review.  As always, don’t be afraid to expand your search to room-sharing sites such as Airbnb or VRBO if you aren’t finding a hotel or hostel that meets your needs.

Where to Eat

When most people plan a trip, the primary focus is on how to get there, where to stay, and what is on the list of things to see and do.  What many travelers neglect to plan, is where to eat when they are there.  Granted, it is sometimes fun to be spontaneous when choosing a restaurant while traveling, and it is always smart to get recommendations when you arrive.

However, it can also be advantageous to have some ideas of restaurants you would like to try during your trip written down beforehand as well.  This way you can be assured that you won’t miss out on a highly recommended culinary experience that you will regret.  To help you decide on some restaurants in Victoria Falls to add to your list, I have included a list of some highly recommended options for you to review in my guide to Victoria Falls below.

Recommended Tours and Excursions

There is an abundance of amazing things to see and do in the Victoria Falls area and one of the best ways to experience those things is on a tour.  If you are looking for fun tours and excursions to fill out your trip, I have included some category links to recommended tours and excursions you can review in my guide to Victoria Falls below.

In addition to the plethora of wonderful tours and activities that I have linked to above, I would strongly recommend considering a safari while visiting the Victoria Falls area. Victoria Falls is situated in close proximity to a number of incredible national parks and wildlife reserves in Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Zambia.

Two parks that I would strongly recommend are Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe, which is a few hours South of Victoria Falls, and Chobe National Park in Botswana, which is located just an hour to the West. For more information on how to plan a safari at these parks, including which tours to book, please see my detailed guides linked below.

Photo Gallery

One thing that Victoria Falls is not in short supply of is amazing things to photograph. I was able to capture a lot of great photographs while touring Victoria Falls, and I have included some of my favorites in a gallery in my guide to Victoria Falls for you to review below.

If you would like to view some more of my top photos from this trip, as well as photos from some of my many other travel adventures, make sure you are  following me on Instagram  as well!

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Published by Josh Hewitt

Avid traveler and photographer who loves to see new places, meet new people, and experience new things. There is so much this world can teach us, we just need to explore! View all posts by Josh Hewitt

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How was Victoria Falls formed

by VFHQadmin | Jul 28, 2022 | Vic Falls

Table of Contents

Learn how Victoria Falls was formed

If you have ever been to Zimbabwe , you have probably wondered, “How was Victoria Falls formed?” There are many reasons for this wonder, from geology to erosion. Let’s look at each of these reasons and see how they relate to how Victoria Falls formed.

You will be amazed by the natural beauty of this waterfall!

Let’s get started! – What are the Origins of Victoria Falls? – Formation and Erosion.

The first known settlement around Victoria Falls is thought to be 3 million years ago. Humans made stone tools in this region, and later migrated to the area. At the same time, the Khoisan and Bantu tribes moved to the area. These peoples called the falls Shungu na mutitima and Mosi-oa-Tunya. Later, David Livingstone’s expedition named the falls Victoria Falls.

The Falls became an international tourist destination during the British colonial period, and the town of Victoria Falls grew up on the Zimbabwean side. Then, however, Zimbabwe and Zambia had conflict, and visitor numbers dropped. After the Rhodesian Bush War, Zambia imposed travel restrictions and stationed soldiers at the falls. During this period, many tourists opted to visit the Zambian side of the Falls. Fortunately, the country ended up re-opening the border and allowing visitors to experience the natural wonder.

The first Europeans to see the Falls were probably the Voortrekker hunters and Arab traders. Later, European explorers began to arrive in the region. In 1855, Dr David Livingstone wrote about the falls, saying that they were unlike anything he’d seen in England. After that, the area became known as Old Drift, and people began to settle in the area. After that, Cecil John Rhodes and his British-born son, Cecil, made it their mission to explore the region and bring back gold and silver.

Geologists know that the formation of Victoria Falls is the result of the gradual erosion of the land by water. The geological process that erodes the rock at a waterfall produces a gorge. In this case, the gorge forms at the base of the waterfall. The force of the falling water erodes the softer rock, cutting into the earth to create a deep chasm with steep sides. The waterfall itself is formed by large cracks in the solidification of basalt, which were filled by softer sandstone over time.

The falls’ height causes them to plunge into a narrow gorge, which varies in width from eighty to 240 feet. The gorge outlet is a narrow channel cut into the barrier wall. The gorge is about 65 metres wide and three hundred meters long and holds the entire Zambezi River. This allows visitors to see the spray plume from a distance of fifty kilometers or thirty kilometers from the Bulawayo road.

As a result, the river flow at the Victoria Falls varies during different seasons. The river flows significantly lower from September to December. This phenomenon was so severe that National Geographic declared the falls endangered by 2020. Regardless of the cause of the falls’ decline, a visit to the Victoria Falls region is sure to leave a lasting impression on visitors. The Geology of Victoria Falls

The formation of Victoria Falls is a complex process. It is the latest manifestation of seven older falls that were once buried by the sandstone bedrock. Understanding the processes involved in Victoria Falls’ formation requires a thorough understanding of the area’s geology and ancient tectonic processes. Basalt, the rock that forms the bedrock beneath the Victoria Falls, is approximately 180 million years old. It can be as thick as 300 meters, making the region a geological island.

The river Zambezi, which originates in Namibia, flows over the cliff and into a narrow chasm about 1,700 metres below. As the water falls over the cliff, it forms the largest curtain of falling water in the world. The water falls over the chasm at different heights, ranging from 70 to 108 meters. In 1958, the falls reached a record flow of more than 700 000 cubic meters per minute, causing the gorges to rise eighteen meters above flood level.

The Victoria Falls are made up of five separate waterfalls: the Devil’s Cataract, Rainbow Falls, Horseshoe Falls, and Main. Three of these falls are located in Zambia and two are in Zimbabwe. The Devil’s Cataract is 70 meters high, and got its name from the adjacent island. Native tribes used to perform sacrificial ceremonies here, which missionaries referred to as “devilish”.

The formation of the Victoria Falls can be traced to the gradual erosion of rock. The river used an east-west weakness to gradually cut the rock, creating a waterfall across its bed. As it eroded upstream, the river collected more water, creating a narrower section of the gorge. The resulting gorge was gradually filled with softer sandstone, which subsequently fell back into the bed and formed the broad fall.

The water flowed down the river in a southerly direction, exploiting the weak points in the basalt rock. As it eroded the rock, broad and deep east-west gorges were formed. The gorges were carved out by the huge water flow that had been concentrating over Victoria Falls. The resulting gorges had a greater depth than the previous falls, which made the Victoria Falls look even bigger.

The Zambezi River carved a path through the plateau by slowly eroding the rock. In doing so, the river pushed the current waterfall upstream eight kilometers. At the same time, it formed deep gorges. This is the cause of Victoria Falls’ current shape. As the Zambezi River eroded the plateau, it created a series of fractures in the rock. These cracks were filled with sandstone, which allowed the river to form Victoria Falls today.

The Discovery of Victoria Falls dates back to 1855 when a Scottish explorer named David Livingstone crossed the Zambezi River. In 1855, he was escorted to a waterfall called Sesheke, and he witnessed the power and beauty of the waterfall, which he named after Queen Victoria of England . Today, visitors can admire the majestic waterfall that cascades at a rate of 150 million gallons per minute.

After his visit to the falls, Livingstone set out to explore further upriver to the mouth of the Zambezi River. Livingstone was fascinated by the sight of the Ngonye Falls, so he gave the falls their English name in honour of Queen Victoria. The next step involved mapping the Zambezi River and navigating upriver into the Barotse floodplains. The discovery of Victoria Falls was not complete until Livingstone returned to Linyanti, the village on the edge of the Zambezi River.

While a single entry visa permits entry to either side of the falls, it is possible to make day trips from one side to the other. Visitors should be aware of the requirement to obtain a visa for the Zimbabwean side. Visas cost approximately US$45. As of 01 December 2013, visitors must have a valid passport to cross the border. As a World Heritage site, it is important to note that the regulations for visas change frequently.

There are many different names for Victoria Falls. The first European to visit the falls was David Livingstone, who named them after Queen Victoria. The local Lozi tribe gave them other names, including Thundering smoke, until the 19th century. However, archaeological sites in the area suggest that humans lived in the region at least three million years ago. Livingstone’s name was used as a tribute to the British monarch. Livingstone died shortly after naming the falls Victoria, which is the current official name for the Falls.

Local people refer to the Falls by many different names. “Mosi-oa-tunya” is one of these names, which means “smoke that thunders” in Lozi and Kololo languages. The falls are also known for rainbows, and you can view them most often during a full moon. The water is so powerful that it actually floods over the escarpment, causing the famous moonbow to form.

The waterfall is not the highest nor the widest waterfall in the world, but it is the largest sheet of falling water. It is twice the height and width of Niagara Falls and is only rivaled by Iguazu Falls in Argentina. The Victoria Falls are situated on the Zambezi River, which spans six countries. It is the boundary between the upper and middle stretches of the Zambezi. In addition to the Victoria Falls, there are many other names for the falls, and many of these are culturally related.

The Zambezi River in southern Africa is home to the spectacular Victoria Falls . The Falls are one of the largest waterfalls in the world, measuring 1,708 m in width. The Zambezi provides a unique habitat to a number of unique plant species. The Falls are located on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. To visit Victoria Falls, you must travel to the neighbouring countries of Zambia and Zimbabwe. Listed in the World Heritage List, this site should be on your bucket list.

If you want to see the falls up close, Google Earth has a high-resolution image of the eastern cataract and the Boiling Pot. The path opposite the falls is known as the Knife Edge. The Victoria Falls website offers a comprehensive map portfolio, which features the trail network around the falls, as well as roads and infrastructure. The Kavango-Zambezi Trans-frontier park is expected to be the world’s largest conservation area.

Located on the Zambezi River, the falls were formed by the slow erosion of a soft sandstone cliff face. When the river flows over the edge, it creates a gap so big it can no longer be seen. The Victoria Falls National Park is home to several species of bird and other wildlife, and has recreational facilities to enjoy. In addition, visitors can try bungee jumping, an exciting new way to experience the falls!

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Queen Victoria

Article by Alan Rayburn , Carolyn Harris

Published Online February 7, 2006

Last Edited September 8, 2015

Queen Victoria succeeded to the throne at age 18, following the death of her uncle, William IV, in 1837. She was an ardent imperialist and took an intense interest in her colonial subjects. Queen Victoria favoured Confederation and acted as a unifying influence for Canada’s provinces. While the Queen never visited Canada, five of her nine children spent time in Canada, where her name has been given to numerous public buildings, streets, communities and physical features.

The future Queen Victoria was the only child of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (1767–1820), the fourth son of King George III, and Princess Victoire of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1786–1861). Edward was the first member of the royal family to reside in Canada for a sustained period of time. He spent the 1790s in Québec City and Halifax , where he helped improve British North American defences and became commander-in-chief of the British North American forces. Prince Edward Island is named for him. After the death of his niece, Princess Charlotte, in 1817, Edward married at the age of 50. His marriage was necessary in order to continue the line of royal heirs after Charlotte's passing. Victoire was 20 years younger than Edward and the widow of Prince Charles of Leiningen. She had two children, Charles and Feodora, from her first marriage.

On 24 June 1819, Victoria was christened Alexandrina Victoria in honour of her godfather, Czar Alexander I of Russia, and her mother. Her father died of pneumonia before her first birthday, and she grew up at Kensington Palace in London under the guardianship of her mother. Victoire disapproved of Edward’s brothers, who were derided for their gambling and mistresses; and the young Victoria saw little of the royal family . She was, for example, not permitted to attend the coronation of her uncle and predecessor, William IV, in 1830. Victoria was educated at home and grew up to be stubborn and strong willed.

Accession to the Throne

Victoria became queen upon the death of William IV on 20 June 1837. There was an outpouring of popular enthusiasm about the 18-year-old monarch, whose respectability contrasted with her uncles George IV and William IV. After attending her coronation at Westminster Abbey on 28 June 1838, diarist Sir Charles Greville wrote, “It is, in fact, the remarkable union of naïveté, kindness, nature, good-nature, with propriety and dignity, which makes her so admirable and so endearing to those about her.” After the seclusion of her childhood, Victoria enjoyed her new position and was an enthusiastic participant in court balls and other entertainments.

Victoria came to the throne just months before the Rebellions of 1837–38 were mounted in Upper and Lower Canada . On 22 December 1837, the Queen wrote in her journal, "The news are, I grieve to say, very bad from Canada; that is to say rumours and reports by the Papers, though we have no Official Reports. But [Prime Minister] Lord Melbourne hopes it may not be so bad as it is rumoured. There certainly is open Rebellion." In honour of her coronation, the Queen granted amnesties to the rebels in Upper and Lower Canada ( see Amnesty Act ).

On 15 October 1839, Queen Victoria proposed to her cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. They were married at St. James’s Palace on 10 February 1840. Victoria wore a white satin and lace dress, starting the fashion for white wedding dresses that continues to the present. Victoria was deeply in love with her husband, writing in her journal at the time of her wedding: “His beauty, his sweetness & gentleness — really how can I ever be thankful enough to have such a Husband!”

During the first years of her marriage, Victoria prevented Albert from becoming involved in her duties as sovereign , a stance that Albert resented. As their marriage progressed, Victoria became increasingly dependent on Albert, and he came to exert political and cultural influence. He advised Victoria on state documents, drafted her correspondence and reformed royal finances. Albert chaired the Great Exhibition, which showcased British and international trade at London’s Crystal Palace in 1851 and inspired similar displays around the world. He received the title of prince consort in 1857, though Sir Charles Greville remarked, "He is King to all intents and purposes."

Queen Victoria had nine children: Victoria (1840–1901), Albert Edward, the future Edward VII (1841–1910), Alice (1843–1878), Alfred (1844–1900), Helena (1846–1923), Louise (1848–1939), Arthur (1850–1942), Leopold (1853–1884) and Beatrice (1857–1944). Prince Albert was present in the delivery room for the births with government ministers and clergymen assembled in the adjoining room. Albert was likely the first royal father to be present for the births of his children. Current royal christening traditions, such as the use of the lily font and Honiton lace robe, date from the christenings of Victoria’s children.

Victoria popularized childbirth anaesthesia, then a controversial medical intervention, when she requested chloroform for the births of Leopold and Beatrice. She had little interest in young children — writing that “an ugly baby is a very nasty object — and the prettiest is frightful when undressed” — and Albert assumed a more active role in the children’s education and upbringing. Victoria became closer to her children as they aged. The royal family ’s public image conformed to 19th-century ideals of domesticity in the English-speaking world. Images of Victoria, Albert and their children celebrating Christmas and taking family vacations influenced broader parenting trends.

All four of Victoria’s sons spent time in Canada. Edward VII, the future king, undertook a highly successful tour of British North America and the United States in 1860 that set precedents for future royal tours , including engagement with Canadians from a variety of communities and backgrounds, and showcasing local culture. Alfred spent five weeks in the Maritimes in 1861; and Arthur spent a year with the Rifle Brigade based in Montréal in 1869–70. As Duke of Connaught, Arthur would return to Canada as Governor General from 1911 to 1916. Victoria’s daughter, Louise, was vice-regal consort from 1878 to 1883, when her husband, the Marquess of Lorne , became the fourth Governor General since Confederation . Leopold visited Louise in Ottawa and they visited Niagara Falls together. Louise and Lorne founded the National Gallery of Canada (1880), the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts (1880) and the Royal Society of Canada (1882) during their time in Canada.

Prince Albert died at Windsor Castle on 14 December 1861 from either typhoid fever or Crohn’s Disease . Victoria was devastated and began a long period of seclusion during which she refused to undertake most public duties. While the public was initially sympathetic, Victoria’s unwillingness to either resume regular public appearances or delegate responsibilities to her eldest son attracted criticism and increasing republican sentiment. Victoria’s popularity in Britain was restored in 1872 when she agreed to a public thanksgiving service at St. Paul’s Cathedral after the future Edward VII recovered from a near-fatal attack of typhoid . In Canada, a day of thanksgiving was celebrated in honour of the heir to the throne’s recovery. Victoria’s popularity remained constant in Canada during her widowhood, as she had never visited in person and therefore Canadians did not experience a direct change in her public appearances. Victoria was a widow for 40 years and her best-known public image as “the widow of Windsor,” in which she appeared in simple black dresses and white bonnets, is one that endures.

Political Influence

As a constitutional monarch , Queen Victoria was expected to be above politics, but she nevertheless expressed her partiality for particular British prime ministers. During the early years of her reign, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, acted as a father figure and mentor to Victoria. Later in her reign, she favoured Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli — who provided her with entertaining political anecdotes — over the more reserved Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone, whom she complained, “addresses me as though I were a public meeting.”

Victoria’s political opinions and priorities shifted after Albert’s death. During her 20-year marriage to Albert, she shared his commitment to such domestic reforms as reducing tariffs and raising the minimum working age to reduce child labour . Over the course of her widowhood, she became an enthusiastic imperialist and emphasized her role as “mother” of the British Empire.

Canada’s Confederation

It is fitting that Province of Canada delegates sailed to the 1864 Charlottetown Conference in Prince Edward Island aboard the Queen Victoria steamship. At the conference, Canadian delegates took the opportunity to propose British North American union to the Atlantic colonies . Victoria played a supportive role in the development of the Dominion of Canada, bringing together political figures from the British North American colonies through their shared loyalty to the Crown . She was broadly known as the “Mother of Confederation,” who believed that Confederation would reduce defence costs and strengthen relations with the United States. “I take the deepest interest in it,” Victoria told a Nova Scotian delegation in London, “for I believe it will make [the provinces] great and prosperous.” In 1857, Victoria selected Ottawa — then an obscure lumber town called Bytown — as the Province of Canada’s capital. She chose Ottawa again as capital for the Dominion in 1867 as it was sheltered from potential American invasions and stood on the border between English and French Canada.

Victoria met with John A. Macdonald and four Canadian delegates in February 1867 as the British North America Act was passed before British Parliament. Macdonald recalled that Victoria said, “I am very glad to see you on this mission. […] It is a very important measure and you have all exhibited so much loyalty.” Macdonald invited Victoria to open Canada’s first session of Parliament in Ottawa on 1 July, but she was unable to attend.

Mother of the British Empire

It is estimated that one-fifth of the world’s land mass became part of the British Empire and Dominions during Victoria’s reign — supporting the axiom that the sun never set on the British Empire. During the last decades of her reign, Victoria’s role as “mother” to the British Empire became a central part of her image. She became Empress of India at the suggestion of Disraeli in 1877.

Although Victoria did not personally travel beyond Europe, she emphasized her personal relationship with Indigenous peoples around the world. In Canada, treaties were concluded between First Nations and the Crown as the “Great Mother.” As Canada expanded westward, so did Victoria’s empire. Royal visits by Victoria’s children to Canada’s west were an opportunity to affirm Victoria’s personal relationship with her subjects. Victoria’s son-in-law, Lord Lorne , was greeted as the “great brother-in-law” by First Nations communities when he travelled across the Prairies in 1881.

Canadian author Charles Dent wrote in 1880, “In Canada, loyalty has by no means degenerated into a mere feeble sentiment of expediency. Throughout the length and breadth of our land the name of Queen Victoria is regarded with an affectionate love and veneration which is felt for no other human being.”

Grandmother of Europe

Victoria’s children and grandchildren married into Europe’s royal houses, which resulted in the monarchies of Europe being closely interrelated by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. Her granddaughters included five royal consorts: Empress Alexandra of Russia, Queen Marie of Romania, Queen Maud of Norway, Queen Sophie of Greece and Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain. Her eldest grandchild was Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany. The marriages of Victoria’s descendants spread British cultural practices and political influence across Europe. Victoria’s youngest son, Leopold, suffered from hemophilia, an inherited blood disorder passed to males through the female line. Hemophilia became known as the “royal disease” as it spread through Victoria’s descendants to the German, Spanish and Russian ruling houses.

Victoria was the first British monarch to celebrate public Golden and Diamond Jubilees , which marked the 50th and 60th anniversaries of her accession to the throne. These jubilees were celebrated throughout the British Empire including thanksgiving holidays in Canada. The 1887 Golden Jubilee showcased Victoria’s role as “grandmother” of Europe and the guests included royalty from across the continent. The prime ministers of the 10 self-governing overseas provinces in addition to Canada gathered in London for the Golden Jubilee to hold what was, in effect, the first Commonwealth Conference, a forerunner of the modern day Commonwealth Heads of Government meetings.

The 1897 Diamond Jubilee emphasized Victoria’s role as head of the British Empire and Dominions. The Canadian cavalry rode five abreast at the Head of the Colonial Procession. Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier , who had received his knighthood from the Queen that morning, followed in a carriage. The Toronto Grenadiers and Royal Canadian Highlanders were also part of the parade. Victoria’s personal message to Canada on the occasion of her Diamond Jubilee was “From my heart I thank my beloved people. May God bless them.” Canada’s gift to Victoria in honour of her Diamond Jubilee was the establishment of the Victorian Order of Nurses . The Diamond Jubilee also had a profound effect on Canadian popular culture as new songs were composed in the Queen’s honour and buildings named for her.

Victoria was Britain’s longest reigning monarch at the time of her death in 1901, a record that Queen Elizabeth II surpassed on 9 September 2015. Victoria remained actively engaged with the British Empire until her last days, closely following the South African War . She died at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight surrounded by family. Her death was regarded as the end of an era. The Canadian government decided that Victoria Day , which had been celebrated as the Queen’s birthday in Canada since 1845, would be a permanent statutory holiday to honour her role as a “Mother of Confederation .”

Canadian Sites Named for Queen Victoria

Many of Canada's towns and cities, public buildings and institutions, parks and plazas, streets and physical features have been named for Queen Victoria — and under different iterations of her title: Queen, Empress, Victoria, Regina. Explorers, mapmakers and administrators assigned the name Victoria to a multitude of geographical features all over the Canadian map. Perhaps no individual has been more honoured in this way in Canada.

Victoria College (now part of the University of Toronto ) and Queen’s University in Kingston , Ontario , were named for the Queen during her reign, as was the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montréal . The Victoria General Hospital (built 1911) in Winnipeg was also named for her.

The best-known place named for the British monarch is the city at the base of Vancouver Island . In 1843, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) resolved to name its new fort overlooking the Juan de Fuca Strait for the Queen, though Fort Albert was the name it was assigned locally. Subsequently, a stern message from London insisted on the use of Fort Victoria . The town site of Victoria was established there in 1851–52; and in 1868, the expanding city became the capital of the colony of British Columbia (itself named by Queen Victoria).

The province of Alberta also had a Victoria northeast of Edmonton , where George McDougall had established a mission (1862) and the HBC had set up a post (1864). To avoid confusion with other Victorias, the name of this small community was changed to Pakan, the nickname of a Cree chief, in 1887.

The village of Empress, northeast of Medicine Hat , was named in 1913 in commemoration of the Queen's imperial title received from British Parliament in 1877 . The Marquess of Lorne and his wife, Princess Louise (the Queen's daughter), wanted to give the name Victoria to the capital of the North-West Territories in 1882, but chose instead the other half of her Latin title, Regina . In 1905, it became the capital of the new province of Saskatchewan . Manitoba has a rural municipality and a lake named Victoria and another municipality called Victoria Beach.

One does not travel far in Ontario before encountering Victoria Corners, Victoria Square, Victoria Harbour, Victoria Springs, Victoria Lake or just plain Victoria. Evidence of Victoria is less apparent in Québec , although the second-largest place in Canada with her name is in that province. Victoriaville , a town of more than 44,313 people (2013), was named for the queen in 1861. There are also seven physical features in Québec with the name Victoria, including Grand-Lac-Victoria at the head of the Ottawa River , south of Val-d'Or .

The Atlantic Provinces have numerous places and features with the name Victoria. Among these are a county in each of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia . Victoria is an attractive seaside village in Prince Edward Island , where there are also places called Victoria Cross and Victoria West. Newfoundland and Labrador has a Victoria . A town of nearly 2,000, it lies on the west side of Conception Bay .

The territories contain Victoria Island , Canada's second-largest island in the Arctic Archipelago (after Baffin ), and Victoria and Albert Mountains on Ellesmere Island . ( See also Place Names .)

Interested in the monarchy?

Further Reading

Margaret Homans, Royal Representations: Queen Victoria and British Culture (1999)

Christopher Hibbert, Queen Victoria: A Personal History (2001)

A.N. Wilson, Victoria: A Life (2015)

Helen Rappaport, A Magnificent Obsession: Victoria, Albert, and the Death That Changed the British Monarchy (2012)

Recommended

Queen mother (hm queen elizabeth the queen mother), queen elizabeth ii, catherine (hrh the princess of wales).

The real story of Queen Victoria and the Irish Famine

Queen victoria was dubbed "the famine queen" by irish revolutionary maud gonne, but in reality, did she push her government to do more to help the famine-stricken irish.

Popular English drama “Victoria” overplays the extent to which Queen Victoria sought to aid the famine Irish in the 1840s, exaggerating her interest in Ireland.

On August 2, 1849, British Queen Victoria , oft dubbed "The Famine Queen" visited Ireland after the country had already suffered through years of the Great Hunger. Yet to what extent did she go towards helping the Irish in their pain and poverty? 

An episode of the hit show "Victoria" drew surprise from British viewers in 2017 for the extent to which the Irish suffered both during the 1840s famine and, while under English rule which was finally brought to their attention. 

While a defining period in Irish history, it is sadly widely uncovered by the British educational system. The role that Britain’s Queen Victoria played in coming to the aid of her then-subjects, however, was pushed into the spotlight with the airing of the episode,s.

British viewers were truly shocked to discover the brutality of the Great Hunger . Many of them had not previously known of the death of at least one million and the emigration of a further million of their closest neighbors in what must be regarded as the darkest and most horrifying seven years in Irish history.

Many commended the episode for finally portraying the devastating horrors of the Irish famine on British TV screens for the first time. Much praise was heaped onto screenwriter Daisy Goodwin for not shying away from the rather unpalatable role played that the British landlords and government played in the disaster.

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However,  the portrayal of Queen Victoria , quite commonly known as The Famine Queen throughout Ireland and who was depicted as berating her government ministers for not doing enough to help the Irish, did draw some criticism.

“There is no evidence that she had any real compassion for the Irish people in any way,” said historian Christine Kinealy, founding director of Ireland's Great Hunger Institute at Quinnipiac University.  

While it wasn’t until the later years of her reign that a new generation of Irish nationalists, including Maud Gonne and James Connolly, began to blame Queen Victoria for the famine, historical records show that the British monarch did little to aid the Irish at the time. Prime Minister Lord John Russell even called on the queen to do more to end the starvation.

Kinealy has studied Queen Victoria’s diaries as well as the writings of Prime Ministers Peel and Russell, and she believes that “Victoria” may be overplaying the real queen's empathy.

“We know that really she had no interest in Ireland and so to imagine she wanted to do more doesn't really ring true,” Kinealy told IrishCentral.

“In her very long reign, she only visited Ireland four times and one of those times was 1849 when the famine was still raging but coming to an end. At that point, she didn't do anything, so it's hard to imagine that what they're portraying is really based on fact."

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Not only did Queen Victoria fail to rise to the challenge of protecting the Irish people, the monarchy and those working for it also went out of their way to prevent others from outshining the queen’s own mediocre attempts, preventing a significant amount of money from making its way to Ireland from Turkey.  

“She was urged by her Prime Minister Russell to do something for Ireland and so, in January 1847 she issued a Queen's letter asking protestants to raise money for the Irish,” explains Kinealy.

“In January 1848, she also made her own donation, significantly to a British agency, but she gave £2,000. She is the first person named on their records as having given money but because she gave £2,000, it was the Royal protocol that nobody could give more than the monarch. 

"We do have documentation that the Sultan of Turkey, who was himself a very young man at the time, offered to give £10,000 but in Constantinople, the British embassy went to his people to say that it would offend royal protocol so he reduced his donation.”

The offer from the Ottoman Sultan, Khaleefah Abdul-Majid I, would be worth approximately £800,000 ($1.7m) today and could have greatly benefited the Irish people.

While Prime Minister Peel in the first year of the famine implemented policies that prevented mass death in Ireland, his successor Lord Russell was not as successful, and thus, in 1846 mass mortality began.

“I am sure poor Peel ought to be blessed by all Catholics for the manly and noble way in which he stands forth to protect and do good to poor Ireland. But the bigotry, the wicked blind passions it brings forth is quite dreadful, and I blush for Protestantism!” Queen Victoria  wrote in a letter to her uncle , the Belgian King, on April 15, 1845, the first year that the blight destroyed the potato crop.

By 1846, the tide was turning, however,  and it was becoming apparent that  Queen Victoria would have to make her first official trip to Ireland.

“As this is not a journey of pleasure like the Queen’s former ones, but a State act, it will have to be done with a certain degree of State, and ought to be done handsomely,” she wrote to Lord Russell in August 1846.

However, she didn't make the trip until 1849. The young queen was accompanied by her children, journeying mainly to the east coast of the country where the worst of the Irish famine was over.

“She didn't see it first hand in that sense and we know that there was a very high military presence and that any trouble was suppressed and people were arrested … I don't think at that time people blamed her for the famine to some extent, that interpretation comes a bit later,” Kinealy states.  

In fact, it wasn’t until her fourth and final visit to Ireland as an old lady in 1900, just a year before her death, that the well-known nickname of The Famine Queen came to be. The almost blind, wheelchair-using monarch was branded as such by Maud Gonne, Irish revolutionary, suffragette, and muse of W. B. Yeats who worked alongside Irish labor leader and 1916 Easter Rising revolutionary James Connolly to protest the arrival of the British Queen in Ireland.

In a scathing article titled “The Famine Queen,” Gonne accused Queen Victoria of failing to help "the survivors of sixty years of organized famine." Although quickly banned by the British authorities, the article's damning nickname for Queen Victoria stuck. The queen found herself shouldering some of the blame for the approximately one million deaths.

“I think Britain has yet to confront its past and its unpalatable past and the famine is definitely an unpalatable aspect of that relationship,” Kinealy states of the recent development of the Irish famine finally at least being recognized in British TV programming.

“English and British people, in general, have very little knowledge of Irish history and that's a real shame because so much of our history is intertwined and that's really something that should be addressed.”

* Originally published in February 2018. Updated in March 2024. 

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Visit of Queen Victoria, 1855 20 and 25 August 1855

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One of Napoleon III’s greatest aims was to reconcile his country with England. During the British Queen’s visit to France he made sure she was met with an ostentatiousness not witnessed in Versailles since the Monarchy.

The emperor was very favourably disposed towards the English, having spent many years of his exile there, and wanted to establish lasting and sincere reconciliation. He was aware of the fatal mistakes of his uncle Napoleon I and, using every diplomatic weapon available to him, strove to instigate the first Entente Cordiale. In 1854 he became England’s ally in the Crimean War. After his stay in London in April 1855, Queen Victoria came on a return visit to France from 17 to 28 August 1855. The Emperor went to meet her personally at Dunkirk and accompanied her back to Paris. Following an afternoon tour of the Palace on the 20th, the emperor put on a splendid reception for her at Versailles on 25 August.

Napoleon III was fond of Versailles. He had come to the Palace for the first time on 11 April 1849 and later returned on 5 July for the inauguration of the Chantiers train station and the Paris-Chartres line. In 1853 he showed Empress Eugénie the Petit Trianon of Marie-Antoinette , which she fell in love with. A museum in tribute to the Queen was opened there for the Universal Exhibition of 1867.

For the new official ceremonies, the Emperor wanted to employ the latest innovations. The Marble Courtyard, the Hall of Mirrors and the Royal Opera House were illuminated using gas lamps and the first photographs were taken in the Hall.

A ball was also organized there, attended by 1,200. Four orchestras had been positioned in the corners of the hall, conducted by Isaac Strauss and Dufresne and surrounded by flowers and plants. Hundreds of chandeliers, girandoles and torches were reflected in the mirrors, and large garlands of flowers were hung from the ceiling. Gold and diamonds glistened everywhere among the men dressed in evening attire and the women in crinoline dresses. Napoleon III waltzed with Victoria, and Albert with Eugénie. The ball was followed by a dinner in the Royal Opera House. The sovereigns were seated to the right of the royal box, and tables for the guests were set out on the floor. Thousands of lights glistened from the chandeliers. A fireworks display was held after the dinner, followed by another ball, which carried on until 3 am.

The sumptuous reception was a success: besides the treaty of alliance over  Crimea , Victoria supported Napoleon III in the Mexican Affair , and a trade agreement for 10 years was signed in 1860. The emperor restored the diplomatic role to Versailles that it had known under Louis XIV, and that role was continued during the 20th century.

The 19th century

3 January 1805

Visit of Pope Pius VII, 1805

10 June 1837

Inauguration of the historic galleries, 1837

18 January 1871

Proclamation of the German Empire, 1871

Parliamentarians at Versailles

30 January 1875

Birth of the Third Republic, 1875

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