</a></span>"}'/> Cuernavaca , City of Eternal Spring , is the capital of the Mexican state of Morelos . A popular vacation place due to its comfortable year-round climate, beautiful parks and gardens, and its convenient location within the country. This state capital comes to life on weekends, where local life is combined with the presence of the floating population that comes, mostly, from Mexico City. It's also home to many foreign people who come to learn Spanish, and most young people will have a fairly big understanding of English because of this.
It is a city of 365,000 (820,000 metropolitan area) people 84 km (52 miles) south of Mexico City .
Be prepared for many micro-climates inside the city and surroundings, where there have been variations of up to 10°C in less than a 8 km radius; while the lower zones can have very humid weather, the northern forest area will most certainly be cold by night.
The heart of the city is the central plaza and palace. Each night of the week you can enjoy dancers, musicians, acrobats and a lot of locals who use the plaza both by day and night as a place to hang out, meet friends and be entertained by many local artists and entertainers. The square and adjacent area is full of street vendors selling everything from bead work to maize on a stick and tacos.
Getting to Cuernavaca is fairly easy but beware the traffic in the Mexico-Cuernavaca-Acapulco tollway on Friday (from Mexico City to Cuernavaca) and Sunday afternoons (from Cuernavaca to Mexico City). Many visitors tend to travel those days and you might spend more than 2 hours on the road. Plan accordingly or choose other days for your travelling.
The nearest major airport is in Mexico City.
Buses cover most of the city and surrounding areas and cost M$8 per trip, more for longer distances. These are not particularly comfortable, but are relatively safe and regularly used by the many foreign language students in the city. Alternatively, there are many taxis which can be hailed on the street or ordered by phone or board them at base stations. There are several radio taxis and there is Uber service. Radio taxis are safer if you call (as opposed to hailing) them, as a record of your pick-up is registered by a dispatcher. Independent taxis lack this documentation and are slightly more risky. Taxis in Cuernavaca do not have meters and prices need to be arranged before getting in the taxi. Most destinations during the day will cost M$35-55. At night prices sky-rocket (double) and trying to get a taxi in the early hours of the morning will often cost substantially more. Try and get some idea of how much a trip will cost from locals beforehand. Once you get an idea of the prices you will be able to haggle and bring them down to reasonable fares.
Cuernavaca has many local and nearby tourist attractions. Water parks are very popular and range from basic water holes such as "Las Huertas" with thermal waters, natural rivers as "Las Estacas" and large, multi-facility parks as "El Rollo" and "Six Flags Oaxtepec." You may also camp in many parks some of which feature other services such as hot baths, cabins and restaurants. About 16 km (10 miles) south of the city is Xochicalco, a large, beautiful and well-restored archeological site; other archaeological sites are in Coatetelco and Chalcatzingo. The nearby Tepozteco mountains and the village of Tepoztlan are very popular destinations for locals and tourists with attractions that include a 16th-century Dominican convent, museum, many restaurants and handicrafts. Fourteen 16th-century monasteries in Morelos have been declared World Heritage Sites, including those in Tlayacapan, Yecapiztla, Atlatlahucan, Tetela del Volcán, Hueyapan, and Ocuituco. Most were damaged during the 2017 earthquake and are closed to the public (March 2019), but visitors can appreciate the main features such as the facade, chapels, and atrium, as well as local food (cecina in Yecapixtla) and handicrafts (black pottery in Tlayacapan).
Cuautla is 55 km east of Cuernavaca. This city was the site of a major battle in 1812, during the War of Independence; the hero of the battle was Jose Maria Morelos y Pavon, who gave his name to the state. Not far from there, in Ayala, one can visit Anneculco and Chinameca, where Revolutionary General Emiliano Zapata was born and assassinated (1919).
There are several former haciendas in the area, many of which have been converted to hotels and/or restaurants. Ex-hacienda de Cortes, is on the south side of Cuernavaca in the suburban municipality of Jiutepec.
Also worth visiting in Jiutepec is the hotel/restaurant Sumiya, built by Woolworth heiress Barbara Hutton as a home in the 1930s. This is a replica of a Japanese Tea House. There are also some interesting colonial era churches, most notably Parroquia Santiago Apóstol, which dates from the 16th century. Unfortunately, the church suffered damage in a 2017 earthquake and has been closed for renovations since.
The south side of Cuernavaca is also where you'll find the suburban municipality of Temixco. The Hacienda de Temixco is a beautifully maintained 17th century hacienda that is used for weddings and social functions. It's not open to the public tours, but you may want to walk by for some photos. There are also some spas and waterparks in Temixco, and it's the part of Cuernavaca where the city's airport is located.
Also only in season (check to see if it is available) is Rafting at the Amacuzac River with class III & IV white water rapids operated by [Raft Mexico Home Page: http://www.raftmexico.mx Raft Mexico] - Plaza Dafne, Av. Morelos Sur #1602 int 8, Col. Chipitlan, Cuernavaca Tel. +52 777 127 7165 and 01 800 728 4312.
Cuernavaca is a major center for study abroad students from around the world studying Spanish. Excellent schools are plentiful throughout the city.
Cuernavaca isn't particularly known for seafood, but you might try Tia Lucha on Rio Mayo in Vista Hermosa or in Polvorin. Los Delfines is also popular.
All these are in the city center:
If you are looking for a true Mexican meal be sure to try tacos where the locals eat them. Try the calle de los tacos (street of tacos), Nueva Inglaterra. This street is lined with taquerias with Grano del Oro being particularly good. On Plan de Ayala try the tacos at Los Orientales or have a torta (sandwich) at La Cubana. La Princesa has two locations on Teopanzolco plus a location within Plaza Cuernavaca and one near the village of Parres close to Mision del Sol and Camino Real Sumiya. A taco al Pastor (pork) will cost between M$3 and $8. Traditional Tacos accorizados , which are large tacos served with chicken or beef and rice, are offered at a number of family restaurants.
Pozole is a rich broth with meat, corn, and other vegetables. Pozolería El Barco , one block away from the cathedral, serves very good green pozole (with pipián sauce). Try their tostadas de pata as well (crispy tortillas topped with pickled pig's feet).
The center of town has some excellent restaurants. Las Mañanitas is a Relais & Chateaux hotel with excellent if somewhat dated cuisine on a menu that never changes. Famous for its large garden with free-roaming peacocks and other large birds, Las Mañanitas is well worth a visit for cocktails or a meal. On the main square facing the Palacio de Cortes is Casa Hidalgo also serving excellent food. These restaurants serve a variety of dishes consisting of traditional Mexican and international fare. Trattoria Marco Polo, across the street from the cathedral, serves good Italian food and pizza. For about US$60, Marco Polo offers a very large pizza (about 1 m/3 feet wide) loaded with everything. Definitely not something would find in Italy, it is, however, a sight to see and excellent to try if you are eating with a large group there. El Faisan on Emiliano Zapata and on Rio Mayo is another excellent high-end restaurant featuring Yucatecan food that is worthwhile visiting when in Cuernavaca. La Provence in a boutique hotel of the same name a short distance south of the zocolo is Cuernavaca's leading French restaurant.
In the downtown 30 m down the street Calle Fray Bart De Las Casas from Plazuela del Zacate, on the right hand side on corner, there is a small nameless place with open grill that has indescribably delicious arrachera and tortas/hamburguesas. M$135 for arrachera as of March 2011. For the best hamburgers in town, however, you'll need to go to either La Casa de Hamburguesa on Teopanzolco (inexpensive) or Meson Gaucho (expensive), on Domingo Diez across from one of Cuernavaca's Walmart stores, which features Argentine steaks in addition to the great burgers.
Los Arcos on the Zocalo is popular on Tuesdays when students converge on the open bar/cafe with live salsa music and cheap drink. La Bola is a typical Mexican cantina with live Norteno and Mariachi music every night between 19:00 and 22:00. 2 for one promotions daily between 2 and 9PM and very cheap food/drink packages. On average M$400 buys a generous plate of food for the table to share and a bottle of alcohol or 20 bottles of beer. La Taurina and Crudalia are very simple bars that sell cheap booze by the litre. Expect plastic tables and chairs and very few frills but a good atmosphere.
McCarthy's Irish Pub on Avenida Diana in Delicias offers Irish and Mexican drinks and food. As might be expected, it gets boisterous.
Pulqueria La Guayaba on Juan Ruiz Alaracon (downtown, one block from the cathedral) offers this traditional drink at reasonable prices. Sunday afternoons are the best day to visit.
There are several informal bars that sell beer and snacks at La Plazuela , located between the cathedral; and the Cortes Palace. Traditionally, La Plazuela sold hay for muleteers on the Mexico City-Acapulco trade route, but hay hasn't been available since the opening of the railroad in 1890.
On the weekends an influx of visitors arrive in Cuernavaca from Mexico City and head to the night clubs. The door staff at high-end clubs are often quite difficult. Men arriving without female companionship at a club will generally have trouble getting although foreigners are often given preference. It is important to note that much of the violence associated with Cuernavaca takes place in its nightclubs.
In all the clubs either inside the grounds or directly outside are stalls selling hotdogs and hamburgers and tacos are never far away. Most clubs close their doors at 3AM and do not allow access after this hour. However, it is usual for the last person to leave the clubs at around 5 or 6AM. In most clubs in Cuernavaca women do not pay cover.
Cuernavacas budget hotel row is in Calle Aragon y Leon. There are several inexpensive casas de huespedes:
Exercise some prudence, as in late 2020 there have been a couple of mass shootings.
Mexican Routes
by admin · Published June 5, 2017 · Updated August 13, 2018
The city is located south of Mexico City, from which it may be reached after a drive of approximately 1:30 hours using the D-95 freeway.
Cuernavaca was designated Forest Protection Zone by President Lazaro Cardenas in the 1930s to protect the aquifers, the vegetation and the quality of life of residents both in Mexico City and locally. The city was nicknamed the “City of Eternal Spring” by Alexander von Humboldt in the 19th century.
It has long been a favorite escape for Mexico City and foreign visitors because of this warm, stable climate and abundant vegetation.
Cuernavaca was established by the Olmec, “the mother culture” of Mesoamerica, approximately 3,200 years ago and is designated as the archaeological site of Gualupita I .
The city is located in a tropical region, but its temperature is kept fairly constant in the 70s (°F). It is located on the southern slope of the Sierra de Chichinautzin mountains. In the morning, warm air flows up the mountains from the valley below and in the late afternoon, cooler air flows down from the higher elevations. A ubiquitous flowering plant in the city is the bougainvillea.
This pleasant climate has attracted royalty and nobles since Aztec times. Most of the Aztec emperors called Cuernavaca their summer residence. Foreign princes, archdukes and other nobles have been attracted to this place because of its flowers, sun, fruits, fresh-water springs and waterfalls. Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico set up a country residence in the city. Philanthropist Barbara Hutton, who held several royal titles through marriage, had a home in the city. The Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, lived in exile in the city following the Iranian Revolution. Although a native of the U.S., Bauhaus designer Michael van Beuren established his residence in a family hacienda in Cuernavaca while fleeing the rise of the Nazi regime in Germany (where he studied and practiced his profession), and a colony of Bauhaus designers grew in the city during World War II.
Cuernavaca has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw) with temperatures that are moderated by its altitude. The warmest month is May with an average temperature of 23.5 °C (74.3 °F) and the coolest month is January with an average of 18.7 °C (65.7 °F).
The municipality has two distinct climates. In the north, is a temperate climate that is somewhat moist with rain predominantly in the summer. That area is covered in forests of pine and holm oak. In the south, the climate is warmer with the same moisture pattern.
Cuernavaca (in nahuatl means “Cuauhnāhuac” – “near the woods”) is the capital and largest city of the state of Morelos in Mexico.
The name “Cuernavaca” is derived from the Nahuatl phrase “Cuauhnāhuac” and means “surrounded by or close to trees”. The name eventually was Hispanicized to Cuernavaca.
Cuernavaca was nicknamed “city of eternal spring” by Alexander von Humboldt.
The coat-of-arms of the municipality is based on the pre-Columbian pictograph emblem of the city which depicts a tree trunk (cuahuitl) with three branches, with foliage, and four roots colored red. There is a cut in the trunk in the form of a mouth, from which emerges a speech scroll, probably representing the language Nahuatl and by extension the locative suffix “-nāhuac”, meaning “near”.
The first major culture to inhabit this area was the Tlahuica, whose main settlement was where the city of Cuernavaca is today. The Tlahuicas have inhabited this area at least since the 12th century.
The first incursions south into the area by peoples of the Valley of Mexico occurred in the 12th century, when a lord named Xolotl (ruler of Tetzcoco) conquered most of the Valley of Mexico. An allied Chichimeca tribe also moved south into what is now northern Morelos state, making Techintecuitla lord of the Cuernavaca area, with the Tlahuicas concentrated in the nearby towns of Yecapixtla and Yautecatle. According to the Tlatelolco Annals, in 1365, the lord of Cuernavaca, Macuilxochitl, tried to conquer lands as far as the Valley of Mexico, but was met by the lord of Chalco, Tzalcualtitlan, with similar ambitions.
The first Aztec emperor, Acamapichtli, began to expand his empire to the south of the Valley of Mexico and beyond in the 1370s. His successor, Huitzilihuitl, was eager to press on into what is now Morelos state because of the cotton grown there, it was called Tlalnahuatl at that time. He asked to marry the daughter of the ruler of Tlalnahuatl, but was rejected. That rejection started a war that ended with an Aztec victory in 1396. Huitziliuitl then married the princess and Moctezuma I was born of the union. Credit for the conquest of Cuernavaca is given to Acamapichtli in the Mendocino Codex, but later writings cite Itzcóatl, or even Moctezuma I, as conqueror. The conquered dominion, Tlalnahuac, was roughly the size of the modern state of Morelos, and subsequently was renamed as Cuauhnahuc by the Aztecs.
From 1403 to 1426, this province grew in strength, subduing neighboring peoples such as the Coauixcas. Eventually, the province, then ruled by Miquiuix, rebelled against the Aztec Empire. This rebellion was put down by Totoquihuatzin and Netzahualcoyotl in 1433. This area then joined in the conquests of what now are known as Taxco, Tepecuacuilco, and Ocuilán. For tribute purposes, the dominion was divided into two zones, one headed by Cuernavaca and the other by Huaxtepec.
At the time of the Spanish Conquest, Itzohuatzin was governing Cuernavaca. It was a rich city and densely populated, with large farms and its characteristic ravines bridged over. In the center of the city was a large fort, however, this fort and the entire city fell to the Spanish. The Spanish marched on Cuernavaca even before taking the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan.:338–340 They were led by Gonzalo de Sandoval and he was joined later by the conquistador, Hernán Cortés.
During the Mexican War of Independence, José María Morelos was imprisoned at the Palacio de Cortés in November 1815. Agustín de Iturbide’s army passed through Cuernavaca to fight Vicente Guerrero in 1820 and came through again in 1821, as the head of the Ejército Trigarante. After Independence and with the Constitution of 1824, the territory now known as the State of Morelos became part of the State of Mexico. Between 1827 and 1829, Cuernavaca was a district of this state. From 1829 to 1833, it was called a prefecture. In 1833, the State of Mexico declared the Atlacomulco Hacienda, which contains the Palacio de Cortés and Cortés’s houses in Coyoacán, to be public property.
In 1834, Ignacio Echevarría and José María Tornel drafted the Plan of Cuernavaca, which permitted Antonio López de Santa Anna to disregard the laws protecting church property, exile Valentín Gómez Farías, reopen the university, and dissolve the tribunal that was set to convict Anastasio Bustamante for the assassination of Vicente Guerrero. In the same year, the State of Mexico declared Cuernavaca to be a city.
During the Mexican-American War, Cuernavaca was captured by the Cadwalader Brigade and was forced to pay retributions to the U.S. Army after the Cuernavaca Infantry under Francisco Modesto Olabuibel fell. During the Ayutla Rebellion in 1854, Santa Anna was forced out of the capital of Mexico City in 1855. He moved his government to Cuernavaca, reorganized it, and named a junta to elect an interim president. This junta consisted of Valentín Gómez Farías, Melchor Ocampo, Benito Juárez, Francisco de P. Zendejas, Diego Álvarez, and Joaquín Moreno. They then voted for Alvarez as president. This new president swore to uphold the Plan of Ayutla and his inauguration was celebrated with much pomp in the city. In 1856, the District of Cuernavaca and the District of Mexico were declared separate. During the Three-year War (1858–1860) when conservatives rejected the liberal constitution of 1857, Juan Vicario voiced the cry of “Religión y Fueros” in Cuernavaca on 13 January 1858. In 1861, the Government of the State of Mexico created the districts of Cuernavaca, Morelos, Jonacatepec, Tautepec, and Tetecala.
In order to facilitate operations against the French during the French Intervention, President Juarez divided the State of Mexico into three military districts. The third consisted of the territories of Cuernavaca, Yautepec, Morelos, and Tetecala, with its capital in the city of Cuernavaca. Soon thereafter, this district fell into French hands. Maximilian I converted the Borda Garden into his summer residence and bought land in nearby Acapantzingo to construct a chalet. This prompted the construction of the Mexico-Cuernavaca highway.
The State of Morelos was created in April 1869, with General Francisco Leyva as its first governor. Cuernavaca was declared the capital of the new state in November of the same year. In 1877, the Toluca-Cuernavaca highway was built and a rail connection created between Cuernavaca and Mexico City. In 1891, the Diocese of Cuernavaca was established by Pope Leo XII, comprising the entire state of Morelos, with Fortino Hipolito y Vera as first bishop of Cuernavaca. The first locomotive to arrive in the city was in 1897 and greeted by President Porfirio Díaz. The Bank of Morelos was founded in 1903. In 1909, the anti-reelection movement was established in Cuernavaca, and by the end of this same year guerilla operations against the Diaz government were headed by Genovevo de la O in Santa María Ahuacatitlán. Emiliano Zapata took over the movement in the south and named De la O in charge of the Cuernavaca area.
Wealthy North Americans and Europeans established secondary residences in Cuernavaca and took long vacations there or frequently traveled back and forth, while servants maintained the haciendas in their absence. Sometimes, their offspring have made Cuernavaca their permanent residence, creating an enclave of natives with international roots bearing the influence of their cultures. For example, when the American designer, Michael van Beuren fled Germany with members of Bauhaus, where he was practicing his profession, he took up residence at the vacation hacienda of his parents in Cuernavaca, and stayed permanently, establishing his factory nearby and raising his family there. Others in his family began to reside there year ’round. Their children became natives of Mexico.Video on YouTube
In the first decades of the 20th century, Cuernavaca became a place to vacation and gamble when the Hotel de la Sevla was converted into the Casino de la Selva, which attracted people such as Rita Hayworth, Bugsy Siegel, and Al Capone to Cuernavaca, however, gambling was shut down by Lázaro Cárdenas in 1934. He is the same president who declared the area a ZPG (Forest Protection Zone). The casino hosted very important artistic works, including murals of Alvarez Icaza, Messeguer, and the architecture of Candela. The main vault was considered to be the “Mexican Sistine Chapel” by Nobel Prize author, Gabriel García Márquez.
1936 was the year that Malcolm Lowry wrote his short story, “Under The Volcano”, which inspired his 1947 novel of the same name. It is still considered[who?] one of the top five greatest novels of the twentieth century, and has never gone out of print. Cuernavaca, or Quaunahuac, as it is called in the novel, and the surrounding area, figure prominently in this great historical novel, where extensive details on Mexican history, culture, topography, and especially, politics and religion figure prominently. The recurrent artifacts are the twin volcanos, Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl, and the barranca, symbols of division, death, and rebirth in the city of eternal spring.
More recently the city has seen a very active society dedicated to the preservation of its environment and cultural heritage. The Frente Civico which is now influential throughout the country, along with some 150 other organizations has promoted a boycott against Costco for having destroyed the Casino de la Selva to build a couple of warehouses. One of its members, Professor Jaime Lagunez, (also promoter of Zen buddhism) lobbied a general agreement in the national congress for the purpose of protecting its sixty archeological sites, its vegetation, historic center, and neighboring forests, among other important cultural aspects of the city. (see https://es.scribd.com/document/322348956/Punto-de-Acuerdo). The Frente Civico received the 2004 National Mendez Arceo Human Rights Award for having protected the world cultural heritage found in the city.
Cuernavaca metropolitan area
Cuernavaca always has been a popular place for people from Mexico City to escape the city. In the 20th century, the climate and flora began to attract many foreigners as well. Population increase in this urban area began in 1940, but the metro area was not created, nor recognized, until the 1960s. From this time the population and the extension of the metropolitan area has grown. From 1960 to 1980, the population had grown from 85,620 to 368,166. From the 1980s to the present, the municipalities of Emiliano Zapata, Jiutepec, Temixco, Tepoztlán, Xochitepec, and Yautepec have been added to the metropolitan area. These municipalities have seen the highest rates of growth, however, population and economic activity remains concentrated in the city of Cuernavaca proper. As of 2005, the metropolitan area had a population of 802,371, with 349,102, living in the city proper.
Over the decades since 1970, this metropolitan area has become more economically and socially integrated with the Mexico City metropolitan area. Many people from Mexico City own second homes there for weekend retreats, both for the climate and for the well-developed infrastructure. Starting in the 1980s permanent migration of Mexico City residents began, spurred by pollution and crime problems in the capital.
International presence in Cuernavaca
Cuernavaca has been a getaway, especially for the well-to-do, since Aztec times. This has continued to the 21st century, with many of these residents including artists, intellectuals, and film stars. For example, María Félix, a Mexican diva, had an opulent, cobalt-blue and papaya-colored villa on Avendia Palmira, along with five other houses. It is known as the Casa de las Tortugas (House of the Turtles) and has Louis XV beds, is adorned with silk brocades, Venetian mosaics, talavera urns, marble fireplaces, sixteenth-century Spanish armor, Italian gilded chairs, and portraits of her created by Antoine Tzapoff.
The legalization of gambling for a short time in the 1930s attracted Hollywood visitors such as Rita Hayworth and Mafia figures such as Bugsy Siegel and Al Capone from the United States. Cuernavaca was the setting of Malcolm Lowry’s Under the Volcano written in 1947. It is a tale of despair and self-destruction due to alcoholism. In the 1950s and 1960s, the city attracted many directors, producers, and actors from Hollywood, many of whom had been blacklisted through the influence of McCarthyism.
Cuernavaca became the host of the CIDOC (Centro Intercultural de Documentación) in 1961, a Catholic institution that indoctrinated priests from developed countries before they were deployed elsewhere in Latin America. CIDOC’s lasting reputation was assured by its founding director Ivan Illich, though it closed, “a victim of its own success”, ten years later under right-wing political pressure. In the 1960s, the city became one of the centers of the psychedelic movement, attracting many artists, composers, and hippies. Another infamous resident was Sam “Momo” Giancana, a mafia boss from Chicago, who made Cuernavaca his home from 1967 until his arrest and deportation in 1974. He was associated with the Saint Valentine’s Day Massacre. Many of these foreign residents, famous or not, first come as visitors, but then decide to stay.
Gene Gauntier, actress and scenarist of silent film, spent the rest of her life in Cuernavaca. She lived in her sister’s home, Marguerite Wenner-Gren, wife of Swedish millionaire Axel Wenner-Gren who owned an hacienda Rancho Cortès (today Hotel Racquet). Gauntier died in 1966.
The trend continues today, with a large number of retirees, diplomats, business executives, and government officials living in Cuernavaca from all over the world. It still attracts creative and intellectual people. Many of these foreign residents have formed active expatriate groups, such as the Cuernavaca Newcomers Club to offer get-togethers and advice for its members and newcomers to the city. Services for foreign residents include a large network of English-speaking doctors, foreign mass media via satellite, and ATMs networked to U.S. banks.
The deposed Shah of Iran Mohammed Reza Palevi, during his exile, lived for a short time in Cuernavaca.
Cuernavaca also has attracted Hollywood production with parts of the 1969 Western film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid being shot in the countryside south of the city, and parts of the classic 1979 comedy The In-Laws, starring Alan Arkin and Peter Falk, being filmed there. In 1984, John Huston shot there Under the Volcano from Malcolm Lowry’s novel, with Albert Finney and Jacqueline Bisset.
Palace of Cortés
The Palacio de Cortés is east of the Morelos Garden and is considered to be the most representative building of Cuernavaca. Built by Hernán Cortés, it was finished in 1535. It is one of the oldest European-style, civil constructions in the Americas, but is executed in Renaissance style. The series of arches of the central terrace, the battlements, and the thick walls are the most representative aspects of the original construction. It is said that this residence looks much like the mansion built in Santo Domingo by Diego Colón, the son of Christopher Columbus. Just outside the front of the building is an old pyramid base over which Cortés had the structure built, on a hill that dominated the old city. Petroglyphs recovered from the site and from throughout the city are on display. From right to left the petroglyphs are named Lagarto de San Antón, Aguila de Chapultepec, Piedra Chimalli, or Piedra de los Encantos.
After having been the residence of Cortés and his descendents for several centuries, the building became a warehouse, a jail, a military barracks, and then the State Government Palace (until 1969). From 1971 to 1973, the building was restored extensively and today houses the Museo Regional Cuauhnáhuac, dedicated to the history of Morelos State. It often is referred to as, the Palacio. It has ten exhibit halls with maps, illustrations, photographs, works of art, and everyday items from various epochs representing the first human settlements in the state to the present day. It has murals created by Diego Rivera that reflect both Morelos and Mexican history. Adjacent to the Palacio a permanent local handicraft market in which one may purchase silver jewelry, T-shirts, beaded bracelets, pottery, hammocks, blankets, and much more.
Cuernavaca Cathedral is the main church of what was the monastery of the Third Order of the Franciscans, called La Asunción, that dates back to the 16th century. It sits on the southeast corner of a large atrium, which also contains a number of other chapels that were built at different times and with different architectural styles. This complex is located at the intersection of Hidalgo and Morelos streets, a few blocks west of the town center.
The cathedral was built by Cortés to double as a fortress, with cannons mounted above the buttresses. Over time, this church underwent a number of transformations, updating its interior. This was undone in the mid-20th century, when restoration work removed all the Neoclassical altars and images. These now are stored in the cathedral’s pinacotheca and not available to the public. Restoration work uncovered al fresco murals on the lateral walls, relating to the martyrdom of Philip of Jesus, the first Mexican canonized as a saint. The only other decoration inside this church now is a modern-style crucifix and an image of the Assumption of Mary. This restoration work was carried out by Bishop Sergio Méndz Arceo.
After the Reform Laws in the 1860s, most of the monastery property passed into state, then private hands, leaving only what is now the cathedral and several smaller chapels on a very large atrium. The Revolution Garden was the orchard of the Cathedral, and the cloister with its observatory, is now the Robert Brady Museum. The church became the Cathedral of Cuernavaca in 1891.
Next to the cathedral is the “open chapel” (capilla abierta) of San José, which is an original structure built in the 16th century. It also was rescued and restored by Bishop Méndez Arceo and is one of the oldest constructions on the site. The building consists of a vault with three arches that face the atrium. These arches are supported by a pair of flying buttresses. Inside the arches is an altarpiece dating from the 17th century.
The main entrance is on Hidalgo Street, where one passes between two large chapels called the Chapel of Santa Cruz and the Chapel of the Tercera Orden. The Tercera Orden is considered to be the more valuable artistically of the two, with its highly sculpted early Baroque main and side portals painted in various colors. Inside, there is a later Churrigueresque main altar. A third chapel, called the Chapel of Nuestra Señora de los Dolores is farther into the atrium and near the Open Chapel of San José.
Chapitel del Calvario
The Chapitel del Calvario is a church located at the corner of Morelos and Matamoros Streets, which was constructed in 1532. The word “chapitel” means “spire” as the church is named after two spires that define its appearance. It also has a fourteen-meter-high dome. It was constructed in the 16th century and was the last building encountered within Cuernavaca, as one left the city on the road to Mexico City. In 1772, this church was dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe.
El Castillito
Museo de Fotografía Antigua, also known as El Castillito (the little castle), is located one block from the Chapitel del Calvario. It is a very small brick building that dates from the late 19th or early 20th century. It is now a small museum dedicated to antique photographs of the city of Cuernavaca.
Tallera Siqueiros
The Sala de Arte Público Siqueiros is a museum and research center, but is also hosts countless of lectures and panel discussions on contemporary art. The SAPS is dedicated to give continuity to the technical and thematic concerns of the muralist in relation to contemporary art. The SAPS promotes the legacy of Siqueiros. In recent years, the murals at the SAPS were restored. While, more than 80,000 documents and materials were digitized. Also, the institution was renovated, which changed the façade and bookstore.
Salto de San Antón
The Salto de San Anton is a large ravine with a small waterfall that is located within the city limits of Cuernavaca. The waterfall is 36 metres (118 feet) high, with its water coming from a small tributary of the Zempoala River. The vertical walls of the ravine are of basalt and broad-leafed vegetation grows in nooks and crannies of the stone. A series of stairs and platforms have been built to enable access to the waterfall area from the park above. Unfortunately, a lot of trash gets dumped there.
Robert Brady Museum
The Robert Brady Museum is on Nezahualcoyotl Street and occupies the building known as the Casa de la Torre, originally part of the monastery of La Asunción. In 1960, it was purchased by the U.S. artist, Robert Brady, who transformed it into his home and a private art and collectible museum. It contains a collection of art and crafts from around the world as well as the original Self-Portrait with Monkey painted by Frida Kahlo. Other works are by artists such as Miguel Cobarruvias, Pelegrí Clavé, María Izquierdo, and Rufino Tamayo. Non-Mexican paintings include those from North America and Europe. Other objects in the collection include antique furniture, African and Indian crafts, and archeological pieces. The collection occupies fourteen rooms of the old house, which has been kept mostly the way it was when Brady died in 1986 and bequeathed the house and its contents to the city.
Museum of Traditional and Herbal Medicine & The Ethnicbotanical Garden
South of the city center is Acapantzingo, which had been a separate town, but now is part of the city. A large farm owned by Emperor Maximilian I existed there in the 1860s. It was named Olindo, referring to a character in the poem by Torquato Tasso. The emperor used this property as one of his residences in Cuernavaca, and according to rumor, to enjoy the company of a certain beautiful Indian woman. On this farm and in what was the Pavilion, is now the Museum of Traditional and Herbal Medicine (Museo de Medicina Tradicional). The museum sponsors workshops and classes on the use of plants to make soap, cremes, dyes, decorative objects and more. Outside is the ethnicbotanical garden with exhibits including 800 species of plants organized by uses, such as the making of textiles, animal feed, condiments, ritual, and others.
Museo Muros
Located a short distance outside the city center is another art museum called the Museo Muros (Avenida Vicente Guerrero 205, Colonia Lomas de Selva). This museum exhibits the art collection of Jacques and Natasha Gelman. Jacques, a Russian émigré, made his fortune as the producer of hit comedies by the legendary Mexican comic, Cantinflas. A good portion of the money he made went into the acquisition of art, which he collected for half a century. Works by Rivera, Kahlo, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Francisco Toledo, Rufino Tamayo, Cisco Jimenez, Gerardo Suter, and Juan Soriano are among the works that could be found there. This museum was closed in 2008. Opened in its place is the Papalote museo del niño an interactive children’s museum with up to thirty exhibitions and artistic experiences for children, such as Mindball, Kandinsky Rug, Gigantic Piano, and others.
Morelos and Juárez Gardens
The Juárez and Morelos Gardens are in the center of the city, both of which are plazas lined with trees. Between the two is the State Government Palace, a three story building with a tezontle façade built between 1955 and 1969. The Morelos Garden dates from 1908 and is easily recognizable by the large stone statue of José María Morelos, which is known colloquially as “Morelotes”. The Juárez Garden is located to the north of the State Government Palace and is the oldest public square in Cuernavaca. The Garden contains a kiosk from Britain dating from the end of the 19th century. Unlike most main squares in Mexico, neither of these open up the way to the main cathedral. The main cathedral in Cuernavaca is located a few blocks west of the square.
These two gardens or plazas are known colloquially as the “zócalo”. Spectacles are often to be seen here and can include people dancing the “danzón” or other popular dances and “estudiantinas” dressed in colonial-era Spanish garb, playing instruments and dancing, and any number of free concerts. Often clowns perform on the zocalo as well, with balloons and tricks for the children and tell double-entendre jokes for the adults. Locals use the plazas to sell products such as honey, yogurt, traditional candies, and crafts. Street food such as corn on the cob, snow cones, candies, fruit smoothies, and more generally are available.
Borda Garden
The Borda Garden is located near the cathedral on Morelos Street. Originally, this was a house bought by José de la Borda, the mining magnate of Taxco in the mid-18th century. Later, his son, Manuel de Borda y Verdugo, transformed the grounds of the house into gardens filled with flower and fruit trees to satisfy his passion for botany. These gardens also contain a number of fountains and an artificial lake that were completed in 1783. The complex also contains lodgings, offices, a restaurant, and a nightclub. In 1865, this was the summer home of Emperor Maximilian I and his wife Carlota Amalia. It hosted major political soirées in the 19th and 20th centuries, such as those sponsored by Porfirio Díaz and Emiliano Zapata. Today the area is a public park where the gardens have been maintained and it is possible to take a short boat ride on the lake. The house has been converted into a museum. Six of its halls are dedicated to temporary exhibits while the other seven are devoted to recreating the characteristics of the 18th and 19th centuries.
The Church of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe is located next to the Borda Garden, and was constructed by Manuel de la Borda in 1784. It has a Baroque façade and what is considered to be the best cupola in the city. It was the royal chapel of Emperor Maximilian.
Chapultepec Ecological Park
The Chapultepec Ecological Park is located about four km southeast of the Cuernavaca city center. It contains fresh-water springs, which form the beginning of a river, and is surrounded by large trees called Chapultepec. Before 2003, this area was privately operated under concession as the “Magic Jungle”. Today, it is a public park administered by the State Commission of Water and Environment. In addition to a large family picnic area with playgrounds, the park has constructed habitats for monkeys, birds, crocodiles, reptiles, and aquatic plants. It also has a petting zoo, environmental museum, planetarium, house of terror, theatre, and tour train.
Teopanzolco
Teopanzolco is an archeological site located just east of the historic downtown of Cuernavaca. Its construction is dated to the year 1427, and it was an important ceremonial center during the 15th and 16th centuries when the native Tlahuicas were dominated by the Aztecs. The site shows significant Aztec influence. It has a large pyramidal base, called the Gran Basamento, topped by two shrines, much like the Templo Mayor in Tenochtitlan. Only the stone columns of these shrines remain today. The teocalli, or sacred plaza, contains fourteen monuments including a circular altar dedicated to the wind deity Ehécatl. There are also two concentric structures separated by a moat or ditch. Both might have been dedicated to Quetzalcoatl, the feathered-serpent deity.
Tlaltenango
Tlaltenango used to be a separate town, but now is a neighborhood of Cuernavaca city. The main attraction there is the church compound containing the Church of San José and the Church of Nuestra Señora de los Milagros de Tlaltenango. San José is one of the oldest churches in Mexico, built between 1521 and 1523. Two centuries later an image of the Virgin appeared to members of this village, prompting the building of the second church. This is the Sanctuary of Nuestra Señora de los Milagros, which was built in 1730, with its bell towers built at the end of the 19th century.
Hacienda Atlacomulco
The Hacienda de San Antonio Atlacomulco is located south of the Cuernavaca and was established by Hernán Cortés as one of the first sugar plantations in Mexico. Descendants of the Conquistador held the property until the 19th century, when it became the property of Lucas Alamán, who modernized the facility. The hacienda lost its surrounding properties during the Mexican Revolution and all that remains is the main house. After a long period of restoration and modification, the hacienda today houses an exclusive hotel, which can accommodate conventions and banquets.
The Feria de la Flor was established in 1965 as a festival that is held from 2 to 12 May. In the Borda Garden, flower growers from all over Mexico come to exhibit their wares, competing for an annual prize. The event also has traditional fair rides, cockfights, and horse competitions as well as music and sociocultural events. Neighborhood celebrations are held in Cuernavaca, mostly for patron saints, they include 15 May, the feast of San Isidro Labrador; 13 June, the feast of San Antonio in the neighborhood of San Antón, with Aztec dances; 6 August, the feast of the Savior or the Transfiguration in Ocotepec, featuring the Moors and Christians dance, mole, and pulque; 10 August the feast of San Lorenzo in Chamilpa; 15 August, the festival of the Assumption of Mary in Santa María Ahuacatilán; and 8 September, Festival of Nuestra Señora de los Milagros in Tlaltenango. Since 1965, the city Cuernavaca has had a carnival as well.
The Huehuechis, a dance group, was started in Cuernavaca in 1870 by a group of young people. They dressed up in old boots and clothes, covering their faces with cloth, dancing sponteaneously in the streets with whistles and shouts. The name comes from a Nahuatl word for old, worn-out clothing. The event spread to other municipalities. It became popular enough among participants and spectators alike to be organized formally in 1871, when it became a traditional way to celebrate the days just before Lent, or the Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday of Carnival. The tradition spread to Tepoztlan, where it became even more famous after the people there modified the clothing worn, adding masks with beards and large mustaches. The dance there was renamed “Chinelos”. This new version became a fixture at the carnaval of Yautepec and other towns in Morelos as well.
As municipal seat of Morelos, the city of Cuernavaca has governing jurisdiction over 142 other communities. The municipality is located in the northeast portion of the State of Morelos and borders the municipalities of Huitzilac, Texmixco, Xochitepec, Tepotztlán, Jiutepec, and Ocuilan. In the 2005 census, the municipality was recorded as having a total population of 349,102 and only 3,041 are counted as speaking an indigenous language. The city of Cuernavaca is located in the southern portion of the area of the municipality. Urban development covers about 38%, which is the city of Cuernavaca and a few suburbs. The rest of the municipality is isolated towns and villages.
The municipality is located between the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt in the north and the Sierra Madre del Sur in the south, in a sub-mountain range named the Sierra del Chichinautzin. The municipality contains an area of 151.2 square kilometres (58.4 square miles); 5,668 hectares (14,010 acres) is dedicated to agriculture, 8,227 ha (20,330 acres) for fishing, 5,400 ha (13,000 acres) is developed, and 1,390 ha (3,400 acres) is forest. The average altitude is 2,200 metres (7,200 feet) above sea level, varying between 1,255 and 2,355 metres (4,117 and 7,726 feet). The highest elevations are in the east and north. The municipality is located in the Amacuzac Basin. Major rivers there include the Ixtapan, Apatlaco, Yautepec, el Pollo, and Chapultepec. There also are a number of small streams and fresh-water springs.
Crafts from this area primarily consist of ceramics and wax products. The wax used is from bees and generally it is shaped into capricious figures. Flowerpots and clay objects from San Antón, handcrafted paper from wood chips with multicolored paintings, and wood lacquered masks are other products of the municipality.
You can dial 078 from any phone, where you can find free information about tourist attractions, airports, travel agencies, car rental companies, embassies and consulates, fairs and exhibitions, hotels, hospitals, financial services, migratory and other issues.
Or dial the toll-free (in Mexico) number 01-800-006-8839 .
You can also request information to the email [email protected]
General Information: 040 (not free)
National Emergency Service: 911
Radio Patrols: 066 Police (Emergency): 060 Civil Protection: +52(55)5683-2222 Anonymous Complaint: 089
Setravi (Transport Mobility): +52(55)5209-9913 Road Emergency: 074
Cruz Roja: 065 o +52(55)5557-5757 Firefighters: 068 o +52(55)5768-3700
Cuernavaca State of Morelos
Make a small donation
Contact us:
Want to collaborate?
25 day tour around Yucatan Peninsula
1-week road trip from Guadalajara to Puerto Vallarta
35 day tour Mexico Colonial & Yucatan
35 day tour Central and Southern Mexico
You can also search using these:
Discover Mexico A-Z
Trip planning, travel destinations, destination highlights, mexico lifestyles, living & lifestyle, lifestyle planning, real estate, healthcare & wellbeing, leisure assistance, lifestyle assistance, insurance coverages, property assistance, about mexperience, mexico essentials, discover more, experience cuernavaca.
Cuernavaca is today one of Mexico’s best-known colonial cities. The city has a history that dates back to at least 1200 AD, when the location was an important agricultural and artisan center. The city was conquered by the Aztecs around 1380 and, after the subsequent conquest by the Spanish, the city became an important agricultural center and popular get-away location for the well-heeled Spaniards living in the capital.
Today, more than 400 years later, during weekends and holidays, the highway from Mexico City to Cuernavaca becomes packed with capitalinos (Mexico City residents), heading out of the city to get away for a break.
The city’s original name, “Cuauhnahuac” (kwow-NAH’-wak) translates into ‘place of great trees’, although the Spanish renamed it to its present-day name, which sounds similar, but literally translated means ‘horn of the cow’.
A principal attraction of this colonial city is its year-round temperate climate. Alexander von Humboldt, a 19th Century naturalist, once described Cuernavaca as ‘The land of eternal spring’, a phrase that seems to have stuck as it’s still used extensively today when the city is described by journalists, long-standing residents and even the local government promotional signs.
Besides the principal colonial buildings and monuments in the historic center, for example, El Palacio de Cortes (lately renamed to Museo de Cuanahuac ), Palacio de Gobierno, the Cathedral and Casa Maximiliano, much of Cuernavaca’s colonial-era elegance and charm is hidden away from view. Behind some of the tall walls are beautiful gardens and residences owned by wealthy local families, politicians and celebrities: houses and estates which host some marvelous scenes of colonial architecture and life.
Some of these colonial residences, dating back to the 15th century, have been converted into fine hotels, restaurants, spas and museums which give visitors an opportunity to get a glimpse into what lies beyond the protective stone walls; with scenes including cool green garden patios bursting with flora, stunningly preserved original colonial courtyards, elegant rooms and hallways with tall ceilings and original wood beams, and sub-tropical blossoms in quiet colonial gardens where birdsong echoes and water trickles down stone fountains.
For peace and quiet that is open to the public, visit the Jardin de Borda that is a short walk from the center of town; or the Chapultepec Park and the San Anton waterfall which are situated away from the city center but well inside the city limits.
Semi-precious stones from the surrounding mountains, said to give off energy, are sold in various typical markets all over Cuernavaca. In fact, this whole area is said to be surrounded by natural energy sources including springs, rocks and volcanoes, and it’s one of the reasons why there are a number of top quality spas located here. See the Mexico Spas guide on Mexperience for more information about how you can enjoy a wonderful experience at one of the country’s top spas situated here in Cuernavaca.
As a reward for his endeavors, Hernan Cortes was given what the Spanish Crown then termed as the ‘ Valle de Oaxaca ‘, an enormous expanse of land south of Mexico City encompassing some 22 towns, including Cuernavaca. Cortes retired here and you can visit his old estate, including the Palacio de Cortes (recently renamed to Museo de Cuauhnahuac , although most people continue to refer to it by its former name). Maximilian and Carlotta had a weekend retreat in Cuernavaca—it too, is an important museum open to the public. And one of Mexico’s oldest churches, built in 1592, can be seen here in Cuernavaca.
A large community of foreign expatriates live here, part-time or full-time. Many relocated to Cuernavaca to enjoy the great climate and access to modern facilities, while others find it convenient being so close and well-connected to Mexico City which is just fifty-six miles north east of the city and connected to the capital by a modern four-lane highway. Cuernavaca has an airport situated on the southern perimeter of the city, and there is also a direct, two-way, bus service from Cuernavaca to Mexico City’s international airport.
Cuernavaca is known as one of the country’s major Spanish language study centers, boasting over fifty Spanish language schools. Many foreigners come here to study or improve their Spanish language skills. For more details connect to our section about Learning Spanish .
You can enjoy Cuernavaca as a day trip from Mexico City, but you’ll get much more from a visit to the area by staying at least a couple of nights at one of the local hotels. The city offers some very comfortable hotels, including restored colonial-era residences and haciendas, so your accommodation can become an experience in its own right.
Organized tours of Mexican colonial cities usually include a stop-over in Cuernavaca. Some people stay here for a week or more, making it a base from which to explore and discover more of Mexico’s southern colonial region, or as a stop-over on the way to the nearby colonial city of Taxco and the world-famous port city of Acapulco.
Cuernavaca offers an abundance of attractions and activities to visitors. It’s a good place to visit for a day, but’s it’s a better place to stay and relax for a weekend or longer.
Colonial center.
If you drive here, leave your car parked and walk around the colonial center, or take one of the official guided tours.
Key attractions include the Cathedral, Catedral de la Asunción de María , one of the oldest churches in Mexico; started in 1529 and completed in 1552. The city Zocalo (Main Plaza) hosts some magnificent colonial architecture— including the Plaza de Armas and Palacio de Gobierno— leading on from here is also the Palacio de Cortez , now also known as Museo Cuauhnahuac (see note above). This is the only Zocalo in Mexico that does not feature a Cathedral.
In 1987, the Gardens at Jardín Borda , were completely restored after years of decay. The house and gardens were originally commissioned by a wealthy silver magnate in the 1700’s and this place was also host to Maximilian and Carlotta during the French reign in Mexico.
If you like art, go to the Museo Casa Robert Brady , which is actually a private house turned into a magnificent art gallery. Here, you’ll find a permanent collection on display which includes works by Rufino Tamayo and a self portrait by Frida Kahlo. The house and collection belonged to Robert Brady, an American who resided in Cuernavaca from 1962 to 1986.
Art lovers may also enjoy a tour to the workshop ( taller ) at the T aller de Alfaro Siquieros , a very famous Mexican Muralist, which is also found here in Cuernavaca’s colonial center.
There are two main attractions to bring to your attention a couple of miles outside of the City’s colonial center. The first is the Salto de San Antón , which is a small village hosting a magnificent waterfall. You can walk behind it and picnic there. The second is Casa Maximiliano (Maximilian’s House), which was built in 1866 and also hosts the Museo de Medicina Tradicional (Traditional Medicine Museum) and a Herb Garden.
There’s no better way to learn Spanish than by becoming immersed in it at a language school in Mexico. Cuernavaca is well-known as a cultural and language center and there are number of fine language schools here. Read our guide to Learning Spanish in Mexico for more details and to find a language school in Cuernavaca.
Cuernavaca is host to some the best spas in Mexico. For more information about spas, and how to benefit from a magnificent health spa experience in Mexico, connect to the Mexperience guide to Mexico Spas .
By Air – There’s a small airport here, which receives some domestic flights although most people drive or take the bus from Mexico City. Ground transportation is available from the airport to the center of town. For detailed information about flights and flying, see the Mexperience guide to Air Travel in Mexico .
By Bus – You can travel to Cuernavaca on a first-class bus from Mexico City— the trip takes between 60 and 90 minutes — depending on the weight of traffic in and out of the capital. Buses are frequent and this is the most common way of getting to Cuernavaca from Mexico City besides driving a car. Buses can be boarded at the southern bus terminal ( Central de Autobuses del Sur ) , and now also directly from the airport in Mexico City. Connect to the Mexperience Travel Center for National Buses .
By Car – Driving to Cuernavaca is very fast and efficient with a six-lane toll highway direct to Cuernavaca from Mexico City. See additional information about Driving in Mexico and Mexico’s Toll Roads on Mexperience.
Car Rental – To explore Mexico’s colonial towns and cities, consider renting a car for your visit. Having your own car will give you more flexibility than using public transport options and, in some cases, offer you access to places which are otherwise difficult to visit without the use of a car. Read our guide to Car Rental in Mexico to learn what you need to know about car rental in Mexico.
Taxis – Taxis in most of Mexico’s colonial towns and cities are not metered, so agree your price before you get in. Taxi travel is very affordable in Mexico, in comparison to the USA, Canada and Europe, and so provides a viable means of public transportation in Mexico. Your hotel can arrange taxis for you; some post their rates on a board in the lobby; taxi hotel rates are usually higher than cabs you hail off the street. If you speak Spanish , you will have a distinct advantage and be able to negotiate a price with the driver. For detailed information, read the Mexperience guide to Taxi Travel in Mexico .
Telephone: Connect to the guide about Communications in Mexico on Mexperience for detailed information about keeping in touch and the latest table of national dialing codes.
Exchanging Currency: Banks with ATM machines are found throughout the downtown area of Cuernavaca. During business hours, they and the local Casas de Cambio will buy traveler’s checks and cash from you as well. For detailed information about exchanging and managing your money, read the Mexperience guide to Money in Mexico .
Travel Insurance: We recommend that you are adequately covered with travel medical insurance and/or travel assistance insurance when you are visiting Mexico. Read the Mexperience guide to Travel Insurance in Mexico for full details and links to specialist insurance suppliers.
Internet Access: Internet cafes can be easily found in towns and cities across Mexico and WiFi is increasingly commonplace–from cafes, shops, hotels, and some cities even offer free WiFi in some defined public spaces.
Busy Times in Cuernavaca: All weekends are busy in Cuernavaca, and if you want to stay at one of the hotels, it’s best to book ahead of time. Cuernavaca gets especially busy during Holiday weekends, and in particular, at Easter and during the Independence Day celebrations around September 16th. The roads out of Mexico City towards Cuernavaca get particularly heavy during long holiday weekends in Mexico, during school holidays, and during the Easter, Christmas and Independence Day periods. The roads from Cuernavaca back into Mexico City get jam-packed on the last days before the holiday period ends. If you can, avoid ‘traveling with the crowds’ by leaving earlier and returning later or vice-versa.
Cuernavaca’s climate is temperate and very comfortable all year-round, although the summers can get quite hot in the center and south of the city. The areas north of the center are more temperate year-round, and areas in the far north are temperate in summer and can get cool or cold in the winter months. It’s a city situated approximately 1,530 meters (just over 5,000 feet) above sea level, and during the winter months, early mornings and later evenings can get cool, and cold in the northern parts of the city, so pack layers of warmer clothes if you visit during the late fall and winter months.
Learn more about the weather and climates through the seasons and regions by connecting to the Mexperience guide about Weather and Climates in Mexico
Mexico in your inbox
Our free newsletter about Mexico brings you a monthly round-up of recently published stories and opportunities, as well as gems from our archives.
102km (63 miles) S of Mexico City; 80km (50 miles) N of Taxco
Often called the "land of eternal spring," Cuernavaca is known these days as much for its rejuvenating spas and spiritual sites as for its perfect climate and flowering landscapes. Spa services are easy to find. More important, Cuernavaca exudes a deep sense of connection with its historical and spiritual heritage. Its palaces, walled villas, and elaborate haciendas are home to museums, spas, and extraordinary guesthouses.
Wander the traditional markets and you'll see crystals, quartz, onyx, and tiger's eye amid the trinkets. These stones come from the Tepozteco Mountains -- for centuries considered an energy source -- which cradle Cuernavaca to the north and east. Mexico begins to narrow here, and several mountain ranges converge. Cuernavaca sits at 1,533m (5,028 ft.) elevation. East and southeast of Cuernavaca are two volcanoes, also potent symbols of earth energy: Ixtaccihuatl (the Sleeping Woman) and the recently active Popocatépetl (the Smoking Mountain).
Cuernavaca, capital of the state of Morelos, is also a cultural treasure, with a past that closely follows the history of Mexico. So divine are the landscape and climate that both the Aztec ruler Moctezuma II and French Emperor Maximilian built private retreats here. Today Cuernavaca remains the most popular weekend getaway for moneyed residents of Mexico City. As a result, the roads between the capital and Cuernavaca are jammed almost every weekend, but you can avoid some of the crowds by traveling early in the morning. Cuernavaca even has a large American colony, plus many students attending the numerous language and cultural institutes.
Emperor Charles V gave Cuernavaca to Hernán Cortez as a fief, and in 1532 the conquistador built a palace (now the Museo de Cuauhnáhuac), where he lived on and off for half a dozen years before returning to Spain. Cortez introduced sugar-cane cultivation to the area, and African slaves were brought in to work in the cane fields, by way of Spain's Caribbean colonies. His sugar hacienda at the edge of town is now the impressive Hotel de Cortez.
After Mexico gained independence from Spain, powerful landowners from Mexico City gradually dispossessed the remaining small landholders, imposing virtual serfdom on them. This condition led to the rise of Emiliano Zapata, the great champion of agrarian reform, who battled the forces of wealth and power, defending the small farmer with the cry of "¡Tierra y libertad!" (Land and liberty!) during the Mexican Revolution of 1910.
Today Cuernavaca's popularity has brought an influx of wealthy foreigners and industrial capital. With this commercial growth, the city has also acquired the less desirable byproducts of increased traffic, noise, and air pollution -- although still far, far less than nearby Mexico City, which you may be escaping.
You Wouldn't Know It, But . . . -- The city of Cuernavaca has nothing to do with bull's horns, as the direct translation of its name would suggest. The Aztecs were much more succinct when they named their favorite leisurely retreat Cuauhnáhuac (pronounced Kwow- nah -wak), or place of the trees. Cortez and his men had trouble getting their tongues around that word, so they just named it after something that sounded similar.
Cuernavaca, known as the “City of Eternal Spring,” is a charming Mexican city in the state of Morelos. With its pleasant climate and rich history, Cuernavaca offers a delightful travel experience. Here’s your travel guide to Cuernavaca:
🏛️ Places to Visit in Cuernavaca:
Palace of Cortés (Palacio de Cortés): Visit this historic palace, constructed by Hernán Cortés, which now houses a regional museum and features beautiful gardens. Robert Brady Museum (Museo Robert Brady): Explore the eclectic art collection and the former home of American artist Robert Brady. Jardín Borda: Enjoy the serene gardens and fountains at this 18th-century estate. Cuernavaca Cathedral (Catedral de Cuernavaca): Admire the stunning architecture and artwork of this cathedral. Teopanzolco Archaeological Zone: Discover the ancient ruins and pyramids of Teopanzolco. 🌞 Best Time To Visit Cuernavaca:
Cuernavaca’s climate is pleasant year-round. The best time to visit is during the dry season, from November to April, to enjoy outdoor activities comfortably. 🏞️ Things to Do in Cuernavaca:
Visit Markets: Explore local markets like Mercado Adolfo López Mateos and the handicraft market for souvenirs and local products. Nature Activities: Hike in the nearby mountains, visit the nearby Las Estacas natural springs, or go horseback riding. Cultural Events: Check for local festivals, art exhibitions, and cultural events during your visit. 🚗 How to Get Around in Cuernavaca:
Cuernavaca is a walkable city, and taxis are readily available. If you plan to explore nearby attractions, you can rent a car or use rideshare services. 🍽️ Where to Eat in Cuernavaca:
Traditional Mexican Cuisine: Savor authentic Mexican dishes like pozole, mole, and tlayudas at local restaurants. International Fare: Cuernavaca offers a variety of international restaurants, from Italian to Japanese cuisine. Street Food: Try local street food like tacos, tamales, and quesadillas from street stalls. 🍲 Famous Street Stalls in Cuernavaca:
Visit the street food stalls and markets for delicious and affordable Mexican street food. 🏨 Where to Stay in Cuernavaca:
Cuernavaca has a range of accommodations, from boutique hotels to budget-friendly hostels. Consider staying in the city center for easy access to attractions. 🌍 Travel Tips for Cuernavaca:
The local currency is the Mexican Peso (MXN). Credit cards are widely accepted, but it’s a good idea to have some cash on hand for small purchases and tips. Respect local customs and traditions, especially when visiting religious sites. Use sunscreen and stay hydrated due to Cuernavaca’s sunny climate. Cuernavaca’s mix of history, culture, and natural beauty makes it an excellent destination for travelers looking for a relaxed and culturally enriching experience. Whether you want to explore historical sites or simply unwind in beautiful gardens, Cuernavaca has much to offer. 🏛️🌞🚗🍽️🌍
Smolensk oblast: exploring russia’s historic heartland, discovering ado-ekiti: your comprehensive travel guide, kerman province: a journey into iran’s cultural and natural treasures, explore warsaw, poland’s dynamic capital 🏛️🇵🇱, leave a comment cancel reply.
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *
Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.
With an outdoor swimming pool, the Camino Real Sumiya is in attractive Japanese-style gardens. It offers 2 restaurants and stylish rooms with balconies.
Best price guaranteed
Located in Cuernavaca, this hotel includes an on-site restaurant and bright rooms with free WiFi, Flat-screen cable TV, minibar and air conditioning
Illustrious character who was born on October 16, 1839 in the village of Toro, Choix, Sinaloa. Fought under orders
It is known as the Parish of Natividad which was created in the sixteenth century and form a compound with the former Convent
Nahuatl word meaning "in the old temple." It was in pre-Hispanic times an important political and religious
Cultural space that is located inside the famous Palacio de Cortes and it consists of 19 rooms. In the ground floor of the
Mexico has the ideal destination for you, enjoy beautiful beaches, adventures or walk through the most beautiful cities of the country.
Explore our hotels listings and you will find unbelievable prices and promotions.
From: $70 USD
From: $60 USD
From: $48 USD
From: $90 USD
From: $71 USD
From: $65 USD
From: $29 USD
From: $8 USD
Follow up the latest updates and news.
July 8, 2018
Updated in 2022.
Cuernavaca is the capital and largest city in Morelos, and is located about a 1 hour and 30 minute drive south of D.F.
A lot of foreign students study here. Made famous to the English-speaking world through Malcolm Lowry’s novel “Under the Volcano.” Cuernavaca is a city located in the state of Morelos, in central Mexico. It is known for its warm climate and has been a popular destination for tourists and travelers for many years. The weather is perfect and the people are welcoming.
Is it worth a trip? Let’s find out!
POPULATION: 350,000
Skip the guesswork and develop your ideal Latin Life Plan with our consultation services:
Schedule Your Personal Consultation With My Latin Life
Table of Contents
One of the top things to do in Cuernavaca is to visit the Palace of Cortés, a stunning 16th-century building that was once the home of Hernán Cortés, the Spanish conquistador. Today, the palace houses a museum that features a collection of historical artifacts, paintings, and other items that provide insight into the city’s past. Another must-see attraction is the Robert Brady Museum, which showcases a variety of pre-Columbian art and artifacts, as well as modern Mexican art. Cuernavaca has a wealth of historic landmarks and museums to visit, such the Museo de las Culturas de Morelos. The city is also known for its beautiful gardens, such as the Jardín Borda and the Jardín Juárez . Be sure to visit the bustling Mercado de Artesanía de Cuernavaca for a taste of the local flavor, as well as the opportunity to purchase handmade crafts and souvenirs.
In addition to its museums and cultural attractions, Cuernavaca is also known for its beautiful natural surroundings. The Jardín Borda is a tranquil botanical garden that is perfect for a leisurely stroll, and the nearby Parque Nacional Lagunas de Zempoala offers opportunities for hiking, birdwatching, and other outdoor activities. Definitely take a day trip to Tepoztlán .
The history of Cuernavaca goes back to the pre-Columbian era, when the area was inhabited by the Tlahuica people. In the 15th century, the Aztecs conquered the region and established the city of Cuernavaca. After the Spanish arrived in the 16th century, they established a number of churches and other buildings in the city, including the Palace of Cortés, which was built by Hernán Cortés, the Spanish conquistador. Cuernavaca has continued to grow and develop over the centuries, and today it is a vibrant and diverse city with a rich history and culture.
It is known for its warm climate and rich culture, which has been influenced by a variety of factors including its indigenous heritage, Spanish colonial history, and modern Mexican culture. The city is home to a number of museums and cultural institutions, including the Robert Brady Museum, which features a collection of pre-Columbian art, and the Jardín Borda, a beautiful botanical garden that was once a summer retreat for Mexico’s wealthy elite. Cuernavaca also has a vibrant music and arts scene, with a number of festivals and events throughout the year. Additionally, the city is known for its delicious cuisine, which includes a variety of dishes influenced by indigenous, Spanish, and Mexican traditions.
Cuernavaca is known as a pretty rich town. A lot of rich people with business in Mexico City live in this area. Despite recent news of pesky drug cartels battling for territory, Cuernavaca still remains safe for tourists. Still, best to stay out of any sketchy looking areas, most of which are a good distance from the centre. Standard precautionary measures will suffice.
$400.00 will do you just fine for a 1 bedroom apartment near the centre of Cuernavaca.
The best area of Cuernavaca is right in the center. It’s close to everything you’ll need, very walkable, and you can easily see all the sights. You’ll see there are 4 parks that create a ring around the center. Try to find an Airbnb or hotel somewhere in the middle. The most central location is between Centro Cultural Jardín Borda and Plaza de Armas. From here you’ll be close to all the museums, historic places, theatres, and culture.
Decent bar/club infrastructure to satisfy weekend-warriors flooding in from Mexico City . Many located on Plazuela del Zacate Street (around the zocalo ). Most bars/clubs in Cuernavaca are packed full of beautiful women from both Cuernavaca and Mexico City’s more affluent citizens. Nightlife in Cuernavaca will run you about $7 cover and an excruciatingly long wait if you happen to be male. If cover charges and sexist bouncers aren’t your thing, there are enough low-key options to wet your beak.
I recommend: Bora Bar . Can feel a bit exclusivo if you’re not in the hip crowd, but still fun.
The following data is from Expatistan, a crowdsourced database of prices and cost of living around the world. In our experience, the data tends to underestimate cost of living, so take the following as the minimum you might need to live here.
*Figures are listed in USD
You’ll need a minimum of $863 USD/month to live in Cuernavaca, Mexico
It’s easy to get to Cuernavaca from Mexico City. There are buses traveling this route every day. Taxco is a 2 hour drive away. Puebla is a 2.5 hour drive away.
A good place for both long and short-term stays. The city is aesthetically pleasing, safe, and only an hour or so bus ride from Mexico City in case you get bored…which you eventually will unless you are studying or working full-time.
If you enjoyed this city guide, check out another one of our 100+ city guides to nearly every city in latin america .
The Cuernavaca and Taxco Day Tour offers a captivating 10-hour experience , exploring the rich history and charming towns of central Mexico. Visitors embark on a guided tour of Cuernavaca, marveling at its impressive Cathedral and San Francisco Temple, before delving into the quaint streets of Taxco, renowned for its stunning Santa Prisca Church and abundant shopping opportunities. With convenient hotel pickup and drop-off , as well as the expertise of professional guides in both Spanish and English, this tour promises to immerse travelers in the unique culture and heritage of these remarkable destinations. One can only imagine the captivating stories and hidden gems that await those who embark on this remarkable journey.
More tours and experiences nearby.
According to the provided knowledge, this tour offers an in-depth exploration of the picturesque cities of Cuernavaca and Taxco .
The tour is priced from $71.00 per person and lasts 10 hours , with pickup and drop-off services available at selected hotels in Polanco III Sección, Mexico City, and Cuernavaca.
The tour is conducted in both Spanish and English, and features a 45-minute guided tour in Cuernavaca , where visitors can see the Cathedral, San Francisco Temple, and enjoy scenic views of volcanoes, flowers, and tropical trees.
The tour also includes a 4-hour stop in Taxco, where guests can explore the town’s cobbled streets , visit the Santa Prisca Church , and enjoy shopping.
During the tour, visitors first explore the picturesque city of Cuernavaca , enjoying a 45-minute guided tour .
They’ll visit the impressive Cathedral, the historic San Francisco Temple and chapel, and soak in the scenic views of volcanoes, vibrant flowers, and lush tropical trees.
The next stop is the charming town of Taxco , where guests spend 4 hours on a guided tour, indulging in shopping and strolling along the cobbled streets .
The highlight is the stunning Santa Prisca Church , a Baroque masterpiece.
While the itinerary is subject to change, these are the key highlights that make this day tour an immersive cultural experience .
The tour package includes a professional guide to lead the excursion and provide commentary.
Hotel pickup and drop-off are offered at select locations in both Polanco III Sección, Mexico City and Cuernavaca.
Transportation is provided by an air-conditioned vehicle throughout the day.
While food and drinks aren’t included, the tour allows ample time for participants to purchase their own meals and refreshments during the stops in Cuernavaca and Taxco.
Gratuities for the guide and driver are also not covered in the tour price, allowing guests to determine an appropriate tip based on the quality of service received.
This tour welcomes participants of all ages. Adults aged 11 to 99 are welcome, while children aged 4 to 10 can also join the adventure. Infants 3 and younger can attend at no additional cost.
The tour caters to a diverse range of travelers, ensuring everyone can enjoy the cultural exploration . Participants should keep in mind:
Comfortable shoes, sunscreen, and cash are recommended for this tour. The itinerary includes walking through cobbled streets and visiting open-air markets, so proper footwear is essential. Sunscreen is advisable given the sunny conditions. Plus, having cash on hand is recommended, as some vendors may not accept credit cards.
Customers have provided feedback suggesting the tour could be improved by incorporating additional sites, such as Robert Bradey’s house in Cuernavaca. Considering these suggestions can enhance the overall tour experience.
Customers have provided a mix of feedback on the Cuernavaca and Taxco Day Tour. The overall rating of 4/5 based on 3 reviews reflects a range of experiences.
Some key points from customer feedback include:
The tour kicks off with hotel pickups from two convenient locations – Polanco III Sección in Mexico City and Cuernavaca .
Travelers are transported in an air-conditioned vehicle to the day’s first stop, Cuernavaca, where they’ll enjoy a 45-minute guided tour of the city’s highlights, including the Cathedral, San Francisco Temple, and scenic views of volcanoes, flowers, and tropical trees.
After exploring Cuernavaca, the tour continues to Taxco , where participants have 4 hours to take a guided tour, shop, and wander the charming cobbled streets, with the highlight being a visit to the Santa Prisca Church .
The tour culminates with drop-offs at the original pickup points or the main stop, depending on the participant’s preference.
To make the most of the Cuernavaca and Taxco Day Tour , travelers should come prepared. The tour covers a lot of ground, so wearing comfortable shoes is essential.
Applying sunscreen is also recommended, as the regions can be quite sunny. Bringing cash is advisable, as it allows for easy purchases at the various stops, including Taxco’s renowned silver shops.
Plus, having a light jacket or sweater on hand can be helpful, as the temperatures may vary throughout the day.
Finally, being flexible and open-minded will ensure travelers get the most out of this comprehensive sightseeing experience.
Here's a few more nearby tours and experiences we think you'll like.
According to the tour overview, food and drinks are not included in the tour. Participants are allowed to bring their own food and drinks, but the tour operator will not provide them during the excursion.
The tour does not mention any discounts for group bookings. The pricing is listed as a per person rate, so there doesn’t appear to be any group discount options available. Customers would need to inquire directly with the tour provider for any group pricing.
The tour operator may allow customers to extend the tour duration, but it’s subject to availability and additional fees. Customers should check with the operator directly to inquire about extending the tour and any associated costs.
The tour operator doesn’t offer a customizable itinerary option. However, customers can contact the provider to inquire about extending the duration or adding additional stops, though this may incur extra fees and require advance notice.
The tour operator doesn’t explicitly require a COVID-19 vaccination certificate. However, it’s always best to check the latest policies as requirements may have changed. Travelers should be prepared to follow any health and safety protocols in place during their tour.
Not for you? Here's more of our most recent tour reviews happening neaby
The Cuernavaca and Taxco Day Tour offers a comprehensive and immersive experience, showcasing the rich cultural heritage and picturesque landscapes of these two renowned Mexican destinations. Participants can expect a well-organized itinerary , knowledgeable guides, and ample opportunities to explore, shop, and indulge in the local charm. With convenient transportation and inclusive features, this tour provides an excellent value for those seeking to discover the best of Cuernavaca and Taxco in a single day.
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Cuernavaca, pronounced "Kwair-nah-vah-kah", is the capital of Morelos State in Mexico. It is often dubbed "The City of Eternal Spring" because of its year-round mild climate.; Cuernavaca is home to Palacio de Cortes, the oldest conserved colonial-era civil structure in the continental Americas.Built by Hernan Cortes, this fortress-like palace is a unique piece of colonial architecture.
To travel from Mexico City to Cuernavaca, you have several transportation options, including bus, car, or even a combination of metro and bus.. Depending on traffic conditions, the ride takes around 1.5 hours. Here are the common ways to make the journey: Bus: One of the most convenient and economical travel methods is by bus.Several bus companies run between Mexico City and Cuernavaca.
Cuernavaca. Mexico, North America. There's always been a formidable glamour surrounding Cuernavaca (kwehr-nah-vah-kah), the capital of Morelos state. With its vast, gated haciendas and sprawling estates, it has traditionally attracted high-society visitors year-round for its warmth, clean air and attractive architecture.
Over 50 years of combined experience researching, writing and reviewing travel articles. ... Learn about the cities of Cuernavaca and Taxco with a local guide on an 11-hour tour. The tour will visit places such as the 16th-century cathedral, a mining tunnel replica in Taxco, the famous Santa Prisca Church, and several shops. ...
The institute …. 3. Robert Brady Museo. 546. History Museums. This 16th-century structure, which served as the home of American artist and collector Robert Brady until his death in 1986, displays over 1,000 Mexican works of art and artifacts. 4. Museo Regional de los Pueblos de Morelos. 625.
What to do in Cuernavaca - Travel Guide Morelense Folk Art Museum. This museum is dedicated to preserving and showcasing the different types of artifacts representative of the culture and traditions of Morelos State. It's a good place to learn more about the local way of life and the different tribes living in the area.
6-Night Best of Central Mexico Tour: Teotihuacan Pyramids, Taxco, Cuernavaca and Puebla from Mexico City. 11. Historical Tours. from. ₹54,607. per adult (price varies by group size) Small Group: The Magical Colonial Towns of Taxco and Cuernavaca. 32. Historical Tours.
Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés chose Cuernavaca as his base of operations, partly due to its central location. But, like the Aztec rulers before him, he surely enjoyed its mild year-round climate. And up until fairly recently, 'The City of Eternal Spring' was considered the place to be for high-society Mexicans and expats alike.
Robert Brady Museo. 546. History Museums. This 16th-century structure, which served as the home of American artist and collector Robert Brady until his death in 1986, displays over 1,000 Mexican works of art and artifacts. 4. Museo Regional de los Pueblos de Morelos. 625. Architectural Buildings.
Cuernavaca Built as part of a land deal with the city, this excellent children's museum has an odd location in a shopping center beside a Costco, about 4km north of… Plaza de Armas
By Sergio Falconi. 18,258. Cuernavaca, Mexico. Just 50 miles from Mexico City, balmy Cuernavaca, Morelos, has been adopted as a place of rest and recreation by many visitors, from Aztec emperors and conquerors to princes, artists and a large number of retirees. Read more.
Cuernavaca, City of Eternal Spring, is the capital of the Mexican state of Morelos. A popular vacation place due to its comfortable year-round climate, beautiful parks and gardens, and its convenient location within the country. This state capital comes to life on weekends, where local life is combined with the presence of the floating ...
Cuernavaca. The city is located south of Mexico City, from which it may be reached after a drive of approximately 1:30 hours using the D-95 freeway. Cuernavaca was designated Forest Protection Zone by President Lazaro Cardenas in the 1930s to protect the aquifers, the vegetation and the quality of life of residents both in Mexico City and locally.
Get information on Cuernavaca Travel Guide - Expert Picks for your Vacation hotels, restaurants, entertainment, shopping, sightseeing, and activities. Read the Fodor's reviews, or post your own.
For detailed information about flights and flying, see the Mexperience guide to Air Travel in Mexico. By Bus - You can travel to Cuernavaca on a first-class bus from Mexico City— the trip takes between 60 and 90 minutes — depending on the weight of traffic in and out of the capital. Buses are frequent and this is the most common way of ...
Discover all about Cuernavaca. Called the City of Eternal Spring because of its pleasant climate most of the year, it has recreational facilities such as spas, parks, bars and nightclubs. Do not miss a visit to the Botanical Gardens and the Palacio de Cortés, former residence of the Conqueror.
Spa services are easy to find. More important, Cuernavaca exudes a deep sense of connection with its historical and spiritual heritage. Its palaces, walled villas, and elaborate haciendas are home to museums, spas, and extraordinary guesthouses. Wander the traditional markets and you'll see crystals, quartz, onyx, and tiger's eye amid the trinkets.
11 Get out. Cuernavaca [1], City of Eternal Spring, is the capital of the Mexican state of Morelos. It is a city of 365,000 (819,000 in the metropolitan area) located 52 miles (84km) south of Mexico City . Cathedral's side-chappel at dawn.
Cuernavaca, known as the "City of Eternal Spring," is a charming Mexican city in the state of Morelos. With its pleasant climate and rich history, Cuernavaca offers a delightful travel experience. Here's your travel guide to Cuernavaca: 🏛️ Places to Visit in Cuernavaca: Palace of Cortés (Palacio de Cortés): Visit this historic palace, constructed by …
Travel guide resource for your visit to Cuernavaca. Discover the best of Cuernavaca so you can plan your trip right.
5 star Hotel Villa Mercedes. From: $71 USD. Monterrey. Grand Tourism Hotel Krystal Monterrey. From: $65 USD. Hotels in Mexico. Follow up the latest updates and news. Called the City of Eternal Spring because of its pleasant climate most of the year, it has recreational facilities such as spas, parks, bars and nightclubs.
Updated in 2022. Cuernavaca is the capital and largest city in Morelos, and is located about a 1 hour and 30 minute drive south of D.F. A lot of foreign students study here. Made famous to the English-speaking world through Malcolm Lowry's novel "Under the Volcano.". Cuernavaca is a city located in the state of Morelos, in central Mexico.
Explore Menu Toggle. 200+ Bucket List Ideas; Honeymoon Destinations; 100 Wonders of the World; 100 Most Visited Cities; 50 Best Theme Parks; World's Best Festivals
Recap. The Cuernavaca and Taxco Day Tour offers a comprehensive and immersive experience, showcasing the rich cultural heritage and picturesque landscapes of these two renowned Mexican destinations. Participants can expect a well-organized itinerary, knowledgeable guides, and ample opportunities to explore, shop, and indulge in the local charm.With convenient transportation and inclusive ...