time traveller 1

The Time Machine

By h.g. wells.

• Year Published: 1895
• Language: English
• Country of Origin: England
• Source: Wells, H. G. (1895). The Time Machine. London, England: William Heinemann.
• Flesch–Kincaid Level: 8.5
• Word Count: 3,099
• Genre: Science Fiction
• Keywords: 19th century literature, fourth dimension, time travel
• ✎ Cite This

Wells, H. (1895). Chapter 1. The Time Machine (Lit2Go Edition). Retrieved June 06, 2024, from https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/24/the-time-machine/210/chapter-1/

Wells, H.G.. "Chapter 1." The Time Machine . Lit2Go Edition. 1895. Web. https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/24/the-time-machine/210/chapter-1/ >. June 06, 2024.

H.G. Wells, "Chapter 1," The Time Machine , Lit2Go Edition, (1895), accessed June 06, 2024, https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/24/the-time-machine/210/chapter-1/ .

The Time Traveller (for so it will be convenient to speak of him) was expounding a recondite matter to us. His grey eyes shone and twinkled, and his usually pale face was flushed and animated. The fire burned brightly, and the soft radiance of the incandescent lights in the lilies of silver caught the bubbles that flashed and passed in our glasses. Our chairs, being his patents, embraced and caressed us rather than submitted to be sat upon, and there was that luxurious after–dinner atmosphere when thought roams gracefully free of the trammels of precision. And he put it to us in this way—marking the points with a lean forefinger—as we sat and lazily admired his earnestness over this new paradox (as we thought it) and his fecundity.

'You must follow me carefully. I shall have to controvert one or two ideas that are almost universally accepted. The geometry, for instance, they taught you at school is founded on a misconception.'

'Is not that rather a large thing to expect us to begin upon?' said Filby, an argumentative person with red hair.

'I do not mean to ask you to accept anything without reasonable ground for it. You will soon admit as much as I need from you. You know of course that a mathematical line, a line of thickness nil, has no real existence. They taught you that? Neither has a mathematical plane. These things are mere abstractions.'

'That is all right,' said the Psychologist.

'Nor, having only length, breadth, and thickness, can a cube have a real existence.'

'There I object,' said Filby. 'Of course a solid body may exist. All real things—'

'So most people think. But wait a moment. Can an instantaneous cube exist?'

'Don't follow you,' said Filby.

'Can a cube that does not last for any time at all, have a real existence?'

Filby became pensive. 'Clearly,' the Time Traveller proceeded, 'any real body must have extension in four directions: it must have Length, Breadth, Thickness, and—Duration. But through a natural infirmity of the flesh, which I will explain to you in a moment, we incline to overlook this fact. There are really four dimensions, three which we call the three planes of Space, and a fourth, Time. There is, however, a tendency to draw an unreal distinction between the former three dimensions and the latter, because it happens that our consciousness moves intermittently in one direction along the latter from the beginning to the end of our lives.'

'That,' said a very young man, making spasmodic efforts to relight his cigar over the lamp; 'that ... very clear indeed.'

'Now, it is very remarkable that this is so extensively overlooked,' continued the Time Traveller, with a slight accession of cheerfulness. 'Really this is what is meant by the Fourth Dimension, though some people who talk about the Fourth Dimension do not know they mean it. It is only another way of looking at Time. There is no difference between Time and any of the three dimensions of Space except that our consciousness moves along it. But some foolish people have got hold of the wrong side of that idea. You have all heard what they have to say about this Fourth Dimension?'

'I have not,' said the Provincial Mayor.

'It is simply this. That Space, as our mathematicians have it, is spoken of as having three dimensions, which one may call Length, Breadth, and Thickness, and is always definable by reference to three planes, each at right angles to the others. But some philosophical people have been asking why three dimensions particularly—why not another direction at right angles to the other three?—and have even tried to construct a Four–Dimension geometry. Professor Simon Newcomb was expounding this to the New York Mathematical Society only a month or so ago. You know how on a flat surface, which has only two dimensions, we can represent a figure of a three–dimensional solid, and similarly they think that by models of three dimensions they could represent one of four—if they could master the perspective of the thing. See?'

'I think so,' murmured the Provincial Mayor; and, knitting his brows, he lapsed into an introspective state, his lips moving as one who repeats mystic words. 'Yes, I think I see it now,' he said after some time, brightening in a quite transitory manner.

'Well, I do not mind telling you I have been at work upon this geometry of Four Dimensions for some time. Some of my results are curious. For instance, here is a portrait of a man at eight years old, another at fifteen, another at seventeen, another at twenty–three, and so on. All these are evidently sections, as it were, Three–Dimensional representations of his Four–Dimensioned being, which is a fixed and unalterable thing.

'Scientific people,' proceeded the Time Traveller, after the pause required for the proper assimilation of this, 'know very well that Time is only a kind of Space. Here is a popular scientific diagram, a weather record. This line I trace with my finger shows the movement of the barometer. Yesterday it was so high, yesterday night it fell, then this morning it rose again, and so gently upward to here. Surely the mercury did not trace this line in any of the dimensions of Space generally recognized? But certainly it traced such a line, and that line, therefore, we must conclude was along the Time–Dimension.'

'But,' said the Medical Man, staring hard at a coal in the fire, 'if Time is really only a fourth dimension of Space, why is it, and why has it always been, regarded as something different? And why cannot we move in Time as we move about in the other dimensions of Space?'

The Time Traveller smiled. 'Are you sure we can move freely in Space? Right and left we can go, backward and forward freely enough, and men always have done so. I admit we move freely in two dimensions. But how about up and down? Gravitation limits us there.'

'Not exactly,' said the Medical Man. 'There are balloons.'

'But before the balloons, save for spasmodic jumping and the inequalities of the surface, man had no freedom of vertical movement.'

'Still they could move a little up and down,' said the Medical Man.

'Easier, far easier down than up.'

'And you cannot move at all in Time, you cannot get away from the present moment.'

'My dear sir, that is just where you are wrong. That is just where the whole world has gone wrong. We are always getting away from the present moment. Our mental existences, which are immaterial and have no dimensions, are passing along the Time–Dimension with a uniform velocity from the cradle to the grave. Just as we should travel down if we began our existence fifty miles above the earth's surface.'

'But the great difficulty is this,' interrupted the Psychologist. 'You can move about in all directions of Space, but you cannot move about in Time.'

'That is the germ of my great discovery. But you are wrong to say that we cannot move about in Time. For instance, if I am recalling an incident very vividly I go back to the instant of its occurrence: I become absent–minded, as you say. I jump back for a moment. Of course we have no means of staying back for any length of Time, any more than a savage or an animal has of staying six feet above the ground. But a civilized man is better off than the savage in this respect. He can go up against gravitation in a balloon, and why should he not hope that ultimately he may be able to stop or accelerate his drift along the Time–Dimension, or even turn about and travel the other way?'

'Oh, this,' began Filby, 'is all—'

'Why not?' said the Time Traveller.

'It's against reason,' said Filby.

'What reason?' said the Time Traveller.

'You can show black is white by argument,' said Filby, 'but you will never convince me.'

'Possibly not,' said the Time Traveller. 'But now you begin to see the object of my investigations into the geometry of Four Dimensions. Long ago I had a vague inkling of a machine—'

'To travel through Time!' exclaimed the Very Young Man.

'That shall travel indifferently in any direction of Space and Time, as the driver determines.'

Filby contented himself with laughter.

'But I have experimental verification,' said the Time Traveller.

'It would be remarkably convenient for the historian,' the Psychologist suggested. 'One might travel back and verify the accepted account of the Battle of Hastings, for instance!'

'Don't you think you would attract attention?' said the Medical Man. 'Our ancestors had no great tolerance for anachronisms.'

'One might get one's Greek from the very lips of Homer and Plato,' the Very Young Man thought.

'In which case they would certainly plough you for the Little–go. The German scholars have improved Greek so much.'

'Then there is the future,' said the Very Young Man. 'Just think! One might invest all one's money, leave it to accumulate at interest, and hurry on ahead!'

'To discover a society,' said I, 'erected on a strictly communistic basis.'

'Of all the wild extravagant theories!' began the Psychologist.

'Yes, so it seemed to me, and so I never talked of it until—'

'Experimental verification!' cried I. 'You are going to verify that?'

'The experiment!' cried Filby, who was getting brain–weary.

'Let's see your experiment anyhow,' said the Psychologist, 'though it's all humbug, you know.'

The Time Traveller smiled round at us. Then, still smiling faintly, and with his hands deep in his trousers pockets, he walked slowly out of the room, and we heard his slippers shuffling down the long passage to his laboratory.

The Psychologist looked at us. 'I wonder what he's got?'

'Some sleight–of–hand trick or other,' said the Medical Man, and Filby tried to tell us about a conjurer he had seen at Burslem; but before he had finished his preface the Time Traveller came back, and Filby's anecdote collapsed.

The thing the Time Traveller held in his hand was a glittering metallic framework, scarcely larger than a small clock, and very delicately made. There was ivory in it, and some transparent crystalline substance. And now I must be explicit, for this that follows—unless his explanation is to be accepted—is an absolutely unaccountable thing. He took one of the small octagonal tables that were scattered about the room, and set it in front of the fire, with two legs on the hearthrug. On this table he placed the mechanism. Then he drew up a chair, and sat down. The only other object on the table was a small shaded lamp, the bright light of which fell upon the model. There were also perhaps a dozen candles about, two in brass candlesticks upon the mantel and several in sconces, so that the room was brilliantly illuminated. I sat in a low arm–chair nearest the fire, and I drew this forward so as to be almost between the Time Traveller and the fireplace. Filby sat behind him, looking over his shoulder. The Medical Man and the Provincial Mayor watched him in profile from the right, the Psychologist from the left. The Very Young Man stood behind the Psychologist. We were all on the alert. It appears incredible to me that any kind of trick, however subtly conceived and however adroitly done, could have been played upon us under these conditions.

The Time Traveller looked at us, and then at the mechanism. 'Well?' said the Psychologist.

'This little affair,' said the Time Traveller, resting his elbows upon the table and pressing his hands together above the apparatus, 'is only a model. It is my plan for a machine to travel through time. You will notice that it looks singularly askew, and that there is an odd twinkling appearance about this bar, as though it was in some way unreal.' He pointed to the part with his finger. 'Also, here is one little white lever, and here is another.'

The Medical Man got up out of his chair and peered into the thing. 'It's beautifully made,' he said.

'It took two years to make,' retorted the Time Traveller. Then, when we had all imitated the action of the Medical Man, he said: 'Now I want you clearly to understand that this lever, being pressed over, sends the machine gliding into the future, and this other reverses the motion. This saddle represents the seat of a time traveller. Presently I am going to press the lever, and off the machine will go. It will vanish, pass into future Time, and disappear. Have a good look at the thing. Look at the table too, and satisfy yourselves there is no trickery. I don't want to waste this model, and then be told I'm a quack.'

There was a minute's pause perhaps. The Psychologist seemed about to speak to me, but changed his mind. Then the Time Traveller put forth his finger towards the lever. 'No,' he said suddenly. 'Lend me your hand.' And turning to the Psychologist, he took that individual's hand in his own and told him to put out his forefinger. So that it was the Psychologist himself who sent forth the model Time Machine on its interminable voyage. We all saw the lever turn. I am absolutely certain there was no trickery. There was a breath of wind, and the lamp flame jumped. One of the candles on the mantel was blown out, and the little machine suddenly swung round, became indistinct, was seen as a ghost for a second perhaps, as an eddy of faintly glittering brass and ivory; and it was gone—vanished! Save for the lamp the table was bare.

Everyone was silent for a minute. Then Filby said he was damned.

The Psychologist recovered from his stupor, and suddenly looked under the table. At that the Time Traveller laughed cheerfully. 'Well?' he said, with a reminiscence of the Psychologist. Then, getting up, he went to the tobacco jar on the mantel, and with his back to us began to fill his pipe.

We stared at each other. 'Look here,' said the Medical Man, 'are you in earnest about this? Do you seriously believe that that machine has travelled into time?'

'Certainly,' said the Time Traveller, stooping to light a spill at the fire. Then he turned, lighting his pipe, to look at the Psychologist's face. (The Psychologist, to show that he was not unhinged, helped himself to a cigar and tried to light it uncut.) 'What is more, I have a big machine nearly finished in there'—he indicated the laboratory—'and when that is put together I mean to have a journey on my own account.'

'You mean to say that that machine has travelled into the future?' said Filby.

'Into the future or the past—I don't, for certain, know which.'

After an interval the Psychologist had an inspiration. 'It must have gone into the past if it has gone anywhere,' he said.

'Why?' said the Time Traveller.

'Because I presume that it has not moved in space, and if it travelled into the future it would still be here all this time, since it must have travelled through this time.'

'But,' I said, 'If it travelled into the past it would have been visible when we came first into this room; and last Thursday when we were here; and the Thursday before that; and so forth!'

'Serious objections,' remarked the Provincial Mayor, with an air of impartiality, turning towards the Time Traveller.

'Not a bit,' said the Time Traveller, and, to the Psychologist: 'You think. You can explain that. It's presentation below the threshold, you know, diluted presentation.'

'Of course,' said the Psychologist, and reassured us. 'That's a simple point of psychology. I should have thought of it. It's plain enough, and helps the paradox delightfully. We cannot see it, nor can we appreciate this machine, any more than we can the spoke of a wheel spinning, or a bullet flying through the air. If it is travelling through time fifty times or a hundred times faster than we are, if it gets through a minute while we get through a second, the impression it creates will of course be only one–fiftieth or one–hundredth of what it would make if it were not travelling in time. That's plain enough.' He passed his hand through the space in which the machine had been. 'You see?' he said, laughing.

We sat and stared at the vacant table for a minute or so. Then the Time Traveller asked us what we thought of it all.

'It sounds plausible enough to–night,' said the Medical Man; 'but wait until to–morrow. Wait for the common sense of the morning.'

'Would you like to see the Time Machine itself?' asked the Time Traveller. And therewith, taking the lamp in his hand, he led the way down the long, draughty corridor to his laboratory. I remember vividly the flickering light, his queer, broad head in silhouette, the dance of the shadows, how we all followed him, puzzled but incredulous, and how there in the laboratory we beheld a larger edition of the little mechanism which we had seen vanish from before our eyes. Parts were of nickel, parts of ivory, parts had certainly been filed or sawn out of rock crystal. The thing was generally complete, but the twisted crystalline bars lay unfinished upon the bench beside some sheets of drawings, and I took one up for a better look at it. Quartz it seemed to be.

'Look here,' said the Medical Man, 'are you perfectly serious? Or is this a trick—like that ghost you showed us last Christmas?'

'Upon that machine,' said the Time Traveller, holding the lamp aloft, 'I intend to explore time. Is that plain? I was never more serious in my life.'

None of us quite knew how to take it.

I caught Filby's eye over the shoulder of the Medical Man, and he winked at me solemnly.

A beginner's guide to time travel

Learn exactly how Einstein's theory of relativity works, and discover how there's nothing in science that says time travel is impossible.

Everyone can travel in time . You do it whether you want to or not, at a steady rate of one second per second. You may think there's no similarity to traveling in one of the three spatial dimensions at, say, one foot per second. But according to Einstein 's theory of relativity , we live in a four-dimensional continuum — space-time — in which space and time are interchangeable.

Einstein found that the faster you move through space, the slower you move through time — you age more slowly, in other words. One of the key ideas in relativity is that nothing can travel faster than the speed of light — about 186,000 miles per second (300,000 kilometers per second), or one light-year per year). But you can get very close to it. If a spaceship were to fly at 99% of the speed of light, you'd see it travel a light-year of distance in just over a year of time. 

That's obvious enough, but now comes the weird part. For astronauts onboard that spaceship, the journey would take a mere seven weeks. It's a consequence of relativity called time dilation , and in effect, it means the astronauts have jumped about 10 months into the future. 

Traveling at high speed isn't the only way to produce time dilation. Einstein showed that gravitational fields produce a similar effect — even the relatively weak field here on the surface of Earth . We don't notice it, because we spend all our lives here, but more than 12,400 miles (20,000 kilometers) higher up gravity is measurably weaker— and time passes more quickly, by about 45 microseconds per day. That's more significant than you might think, because it's the altitude at which GPS satellites orbit Earth, and their clocks need to be precisely synchronized with ground-based ones for the system to work properly. 

The satellites have to compensate for time dilation effects due both to their higher altitude and their faster speed. So whenever you use the GPS feature on your smartphone or your car's satnav, there's a tiny element of time travel involved. You and the satellites are traveling into the future at very slightly different rates.

But for more dramatic effects, we need to look at much stronger gravitational fields, such as those around black holes , which can distort space-time so much that it folds back on itself. The result is a so-called wormhole, a concept that's familiar from sci-fi movies, but actually originates in Einstein's theory of relativity. In effect, a wormhole is a shortcut from one point in space-time to another. You enter one black hole, and emerge from another one somewhere else. Unfortunately, it's not as practical a means of transport as Hollywood makes it look. That's because the black hole's gravity would tear you to pieces as you approached it, but it really is possible in theory. And because we're talking about space-time, not just space, the wormhole's exit could be at an earlier time than its entrance; that means you would end up in the past rather than the future.

Trajectories in space-time that loop back into the past are given the technical name "closed timelike curves." If you search through serious academic journals, you'll find plenty of references to them — far more than you'll find to "time travel." But in effect, that's exactly what closed timelike curves are all about — time travel

This article is brought to you by  How It Works .

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There's another way to produce a closed timelike curve that doesn't involve anything quite so exotic as a black hole or wormhole: You just need a simple rotating cylinder made of super-dense material. This so-called Tipler cylinder is the closest that real-world physics can get to an actual, genuine time machine. But it will likely never be built in the real world, so like a wormhole, it's more of an academic curiosity than a viable engineering design.

Yet as far-fetched as these things are in practical terms, there's no fundamental scientific reason — that we currently know of — that says they are impossible. That's a thought-provoking situation, because as the physicist Michio Kaku is fond of saying, "Everything not forbidden is compulsory" (borrowed from T.H. White's novel, "The Once And Future King"). He doesn't mean time travel has to happen everywhere all the time, but Kaku is suggesting that the universe is so vast it ought to happen somewhere at least occasionally. Maybe some super-advanced civilization in another galaxy knows how to build a working time machine, or perhaps closed timelike curves can even occur naturally under certain rare conditions.

This raises problems of a different kind — not in science or engineering, but in basic logic. If time travel is allowed by the laws of physics, then it's possible to envision a whole range of paradoxical scenarios . Some of these appear so illogical that it's difficult to imagine that they could ever occur. But if they can't, what's stopping them? 

Thoughts like these prompted Stephen Hawking , who was always skeptical about the idea of time travel into the past, to come up with his "chronology protection conjecture" — the notion that some as-yet-unknown law of physics prevents closed timelike curves from happening. But that conjecture is only an educated guess, and until it is supported by hard evidence, we can come to only one conclusion: Time travel is possible.

A party for time travelers 

Hawking was skeptical about the feasibility of time travel into the past, not because he had disproved it, but because he was bothered by the logical paradoxes it created. In his chronology protection conjecture, he surmised that physicists would eventually discover a flaw in the theory of closed timelike curves that made them impossible. 

In 2009, he came up with an amusing way to test this conjecture. Hawking held a champagne party (shown in his Discovery Channel program), but he only advertised it after it had happened. His reasoning was that, if time machines eventually become practical, someone in the future might read about the party and travel back to attend it. But no one did — Hawking sat through the whole evening on his own. This doesn't prove time travel is impossible, but it does suggest that it never becomes a commonplace occurrence here on Earth.

The arrow of time 

One of the distinctive things about time is that it has a direction — from past to future. A cup of hot coffee left at room temperature always cools down; it never heats up. Your cellphone loses battery charge when you use it; it never gains charge. These are examples of entropy , essentially a measure of the amount of "useless" as opposed to "useful" energy. The entropy of a closed system always increases, and it's the key factor determining the arrow of time.

It turns out that entropy is the only thing that makes a distinction between past and future. In other branches of physics, like relativity or quantum theory, time doesn't have a preferred direction. No one knows where time's arrow comes from. It may be that it only applies to large, complex systems, in which case subatomic particles may not experience the arrow of time.

Time travel paradox 

If it's possible to travel back into the past — even theoretically — it raises a number of brain-twisting paradoxes — such as the grandfather paradox — that even scientists and philosophers find extremely perplexing.

Killing Hitler

A time traveler might decide to go back and kill him in his infancy. If they succeeded, future history books wouldn't even mention Hitler — so what motivation would the time traveler have for going back in time and killing him?

Killing your grandfather

Instead of killing a young Hitler, you might, by accident, kill one of your own ancestors when they were very young. But then you would never be born, so you couldn't travel back in time to kill them, so you would be born after all, and so on … 

A closed loop

Suppose the plans for a time machine suddenly appear from thin air on your desk. You spend a few days building it, then use it to send the plans back to your earlier self. But where did those plans originate? Nowhere — they are just looping round and round in time.

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Andrew May holds a Ph.D. in astrophysics from Manchester University, U.K. For 30 years, he worked in the academic, government and private sectors, before becoming a science writer where he has written for Fortean Times, How It Works, All About Space, BBC Science Focus, among others. He has also written a selection of books including Cosmic Impact and Astrobiology: The Search for Life Elsewhere in the Universe, published by Icon Books.

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Is Time Travel Possible?

We all travel in time! We travel one year in time between birthdays, for example. And we are all traveling in time at approximately the same speed: 1 second per second.

We typically experience time at one second per second. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

NASA's space telescopes also give us a way to look back in time. Telescopes help us see stars and galaxies that are very far away . It takes a long time for the light from faraway galaxies to reach us. So, when we look into the sky with a telescope, we are seeing what those stars and galaxies looked like a very long time ago.

However, when we think of the phrase "time travel," we are usually thinking of traveling faster than 1 second per second. That kind of time travel sounds like something you'd only see in movies or science fiction books. Could it be real? Science says yes!

This image from the Hubble Space Telescope shows galaxies that are very far away as they existed a very long time ago. Credit: NASA, ESA and R. Thompson (Univ. Arizona)

How do we know that time travel is possible?

More than 100 years ago, a famous scientist named Albert Einstein came up with an idea about how time works. He called it relativity. This theory says that time and space are linked together. Einstein also said our universe has a speed limit: nothing can travel faster than the speed of light (186,000 miles per second).

Einstein's theory of relativity says that space and time are linked together. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

What does this mean for time travel? Well, according to this theory, the faster you travel, the slower you experience time. Scientists have done some experiments to show that this is true.

For example, there was an experiment that used two clocks set to the exact same time. One clock stayed on Earth, while the other flew in an airplane (going in the same direction Earth rotates).

After the airplane flew around the world, scientists compared the two clocks. The clock on the fast-moving airplane was slightly behind the clock on the ground. So, the clock on the airplane was traveling slightly slower in time than 1 second per second.

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Can we use time travel in everyday life?

We can't use a time machine to travel hundreds of years into the past or future. That kind of time travel only happens in books and movies. But the math of time travel does affect the things we use every day.

For example, we use GPS satellites to help us figure out how to get to new places. (Check out our video about how GPS satellites work .) NASA scientists also use a high-accuracy version of GPS to keep track of where satellites are in space. But did you know that GPS relies on time-travel calculations to help you get around town?

GPS satellites orbit around Earth very quickly at about 8,700 miles (14,000 kilometers) per hour. This slows down GPS satellite clocks by a small fraction of a second (similar to the airplane example above).

GPS satellites orbit around Earth at about 8,700 miles (14,000 kilometers) per hour. Credit: GPS.gov

However, the satellites are also orbiting Earth about 12,550 miles (20,200 km) above the surface. This actually speeds up GPS satellite clocks by a slighter larger fraction of a second.

Here's how: Einstein's theory also says that gravity curves space and time, causing the passage of time to slow down. High up where the satellites orbit, Earth's gravity is much weaker. This causes the clocks on GPS satellites to run faster than clocks on the ground.

The combined result is that the clocks on GPS satellites experience time at a rate slightly faster than 1 second per second. Luckily, scientists can use math to correct these differences in time.

If scientists didn't correct the GPS clocks, there would be big problems. GPS satellites wouldn't be able to correctly calculate their position or yours. The errors would add up to a few miles each day, which is a big deal. GPS maps might think your home is nowhere near where it actually is!

In Summary:

Yes, time travel is indeed a real thing. But it's not quite what you've probably seen in the movies. Under certain conditions, it is possible to experience time passing at a different rate than 1 second per second. And there are important reasons why we need to understand this real-world form of time travel.

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Time Traveller is a 6-level primary course for young learners of English. With fun characters, engaging tasks, and a captivating on-going story, the series is sure to delight pupils and lay strong foundations for a positive relationship with learning Engl

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Time Traveller

Time traveller 3.

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Time Traveller: Part 1

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Time Traveller: Part 1 is the third segment of the twenty-third episode from Disney and Xilam's Chip 'n' Dale: Park Life series.

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Time Traveler Tales #1

Oliver has a problem--a time travel problem. Some mysterious force keeps throwing him through time, and this time he's in the Wild West, rescuing . . . circus animals? But as crazy as that is, it's only the beginning of his adventure.

Content creator and internet superstar Karl Jacobs debuts his new all-ages comics series, created in collaboration with writer Dave Scheidt, artists Kelly and Nichole Matthews, and letterer Joamette Gil.

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The Time Travelers (1) (The Gideon Trilogy) Hardcover – April 24, 2012

Purchase options and add-ons.

• Reading age 10 - 14 years
• Book 1 of 3 The Gideon Trilogy
• Print length 416 pages
• Language English
• Grade level 5 - 9
• Lexile measure 890L
• Dimensions 5.5 x 1.3 x 8.25 inches
• Publisher Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers
• Publication date April 24, 2012
• ISBN-10 1442465514
• ISBN-13 978-1442465510
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Editorial Reviews

"So convincing a picture of the 18th century that we feel transported ourselves, this first book of a planned trilogy of time-travel adventures is skilled, engrossing and irresistible. The reader, like the protagonists, will find it hard to return to the present." -- Nicolette Jones, "The Sunday Times", Children's Book of the Week "A thrilling time-slip story." -- "Funday Times" "A time-slip novel, deftly handled. The year 1763 is beautifully evoked, as is the present day...Hard to imagine it being done better. A real find, leaving you hungry for more." -- Philip Ardagh, "The Guardian" "Buckley-Archer may very well give J. K. Rowling a run for her money. This wonderfully rich and complex novel, written in lyrical and vivid language, is destined to be a classic. History interweaves with science, social issues in both centuries are thrown in; yet what readers will remember most is a fast-paced plot with a cliff-hanger ending and multi-dimensional characters who continue to inhabit their thoughts long after the book is closed. With appeal for reluctant and advanced readers, this novel is a rare gem." -- "School Library Journal", Starred Choice "Great fun and a really good adventure..." -- Kate Scarborough, "The Guardian" "The cliff-hanger ending leaves you longing for the next book." -- "The Independent", 10 Best Books for ages 8-12 "The novel abounds with period detail, effortlessly woven into the plot...Tanglewreck, like Gideon the Cutpurse...is partly a satire on our current perception that we all have too little time to change the nature of reality, rather than our own greed and impatience. Neither should be missed." -- Amanda Craig, "The Times" "There is much to recommend in this book. The 18th century is vividly and lovingly brought to life...There are many excellent characters (among them a truly repellent villain called The Tar Man), a swift pace and an absorbing plot. It's convincing and exciting and I loved it." -- "Publishing News", Bookseller's Choice

About the Author

Product details.

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers; Reissue edition (April 24, 2012)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 416 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1442465514
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1442465510
• Reading age ‏ : ‎ 10 - 14 years
• Lexile measure ‏ : ‎ 890L
• Grade level ‏ : ‎ 5 - 9
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.05 pounds
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.5 x 1.3 x 8.25 inches
• #404 in Children's Medieval Fiction Books (Books)
• #31,228 in Children's Fantasy & Magic Books
• #43,919 in Children's Action & Adventure Books (Books)

About the author

Linda buckley-archer.

Linda Buckley-Archer is the author of the critically acclaimed Gideon trilogy. Originally trained as a linguist, she is now a full-time novelist and scriptwriter. She has written a television drama for the BBC and several radio dramas, as well as various journalistic pieces for papers like the Independent. The Gideon Trilogy was inspired by the criminal underworld of eighteenth-century London.

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The Final Shape: All You Need to Know

Jun 4, 2024 - destiny 2 community team.

The day has come, Guardians. Happy The Final Shape launch day! Much is happening today, so we wanted to help by putting everything you might need to know in one place. Let's start with The Final Shape launch trailer, shall we? 

Confronting Oblivion 

In our latest ViDocs, we shared why The Final Shape is so special. We talked about the emotional journey, the Witness's plans, the beloved characters you've known for almost ten years, the new powers, the dangers, the places you'll find... You know what? It's better if you just watch them yourself.  

Through The Pale Heart 

Crow was first. Now, it's our turn to step inside the Traveler and explore : The Pale Heart. It's strange, yet familiar. Welcoming, but unsettling. You'll first experience this new destination in a more linear way while playing through the campaign, but afterward, it will continue unfolding with new locations, challenges, and activities. And with Pathfinder—our new progression system for The Pale Heart destination and Ritual activities—you'll earn tons of rewards while doing so.  

A Campaign for Legends 

In The Final Shape campaign, you, the Vanguard, and your allies will pursue the Witness to thwart its plans. It won't be easy, especially if you play it in Legendary Mode. You'll have to test your mettle on every fight, but your efforts will earn you upgraded rewards, like a set of armor with a high enough Power Level for raid content. 

Fear the Dread 

The Dread is a new species born as a result of the Witness's incursion inside of the Traveler. They are a menace, and you'll need new strategies to defeat them.  

Transcend Light and Darkness 

During their adventures inside The Pale Heart, players will earn three new Light-based Supers, one for each Guardian class and each of them accompanied by new Aspects.  

Storm's Edge Super and Ascension Aspect 

Song of Flame Super and Hellion Aspect 

Twilight Arsenal Super and Unbreakable Aspect 

But that's not all. The blending of Light and Darkness inside of the Traveler will allow Guardians to go beyond their known limits and combine both powers for the first time with the Prismatic subclass. Players will be able to combine select features of Light and Darkness subclasses, while also having some new and powerful Fragments at their disposal, resulting in incredibly powerful builds. 

With Prismatic, using Light and Darkness will also charge a new power called Transcendence, which will overflow Guardians with power, allowing them to create a unique grenade. Born from Light and Darkness, these grenades have increased damage output and regenerate at a faster pace.  

The cherry on top for Prismatic is the addition of new Exotic class items. These are exclusive to the Prismatic subclass, and you earn them through a unique activity in The Final Shape. Each of these Exotic class items has a mix of two Exotic armor perks, allowing for combos that were not possible before. Check out the list of Exotic perk combinations here . 

New Arsenal

Speaking of Exotics, we have a formidable lineup of new Exotic weapons that will allow you to defeat your foes in unique ways. Still Hunt shoots like a Marksman Hunter, Microcosm shoots wide beams of powerful Light, Khvostov is an old friend made anew and... well, you’ll discover what the rest do on your adventure.  

Still Hunt  

Microcosm 

Khvostov 

Six new Exotic pieces of armor will also be available in The Final Shape, two for each class. Three of these pieces have their own trailers already, check them out below. 

Mataiodoxia 

Gifted Conviction 

Hazardous Propulsion 

Of course, new Legendary gear is also needed in this fight, and we have plenty. For starters, the new destination weapons are all craftable, and some are part of new archetypes, like the new Auto Rifle that heals your allies when you shoot at them. 

Here's the whole list:  

• No Hesitation – Solar Support Frame Auto Rifle 
• Axial Lacuna – Solar Precision Fusion Rifle 
• Bold Endings – Stasis Heavy Burst Hand Cannon 
• Pro Memoria – Strand Aggressive Machine Gun 
• Someday – Kinetic Precision Shotgun 
• The Call – Strand Rocket-Assited Frame Sidearm 
• Embraced Identity – Void Adaptive Sniper Rifle 
• False Idols – Solar Vortex Frame Sword  

And let's not forget one very important upgrade coming to many weapons, including both new weapons and those already in your vault: perk enhancing. A broad selection of Legendary weapons can now have their perks enhanced .

An Ever-Evolving Sandbox

Our Sandbox team has been busy making changes to weapons, armor, and abilities. We have three different articles covering the main changes coming with The Final Shape. Be prepared to buildcraft and be your strongest self by reading these: 

• Weapons Tuning Preview  
• Abilities Tuning Preview  
• Armor Tuning Preview  

Additionaly, we have a preview of the perks that the new Seasonal Artifact brings to the table . It’s another crucial aspect of buildcrafting in Destiny 2.

Storm the New Raid: Salvation's Edge 

In The Final Shape, Guardians will confront the Witness in the new Salvation's Edge raid launching on June 7. Our World First race will be taking place during the first 48 hours of the raid, when Contest Mode will also be active. Whether you participate in the raid with your fireteam or follow the race on Twitch Rivals , you won’t want to miss this.  

Please note that we encourage all players to complete The Final Shape campaign and the Wild Card Exotic quest prior to the launch of Salvation’s Edge to have the best story experience. 

Destiny 2 x Dungeons & Dragons 

We’re rolling a 20 on excitement for our newave partnership with Wizards of the Coast, bringing Dungeons & Dragons to Destiny 2 in The Final Shape. Faerûn-inspired sets will be available at the Eververse store on June 4, as well as more gear and accessories inspired by this iconic role-playing franchise. 

• Gold Dragon-themed Apex Draconic set for Titans 
• Mind Flayers-themed Flayer’s Dominion set for Warlocks 
• Displacer Beast’s-themed Spectral Displacer set for Hunters 
• Queen of Dragons ship 
• Owlbear Chariot Sparrow 
• Eye Tyrant Ghost shell 
• Bigby’s Fist finisher 
• Natural 20 emote 

In addition, the Bungie Store will also be offering an Eye Tyrant Beholder Ghost shell vinyl figure, inspired by the fearsome multi-eyed D&D monster. 

The Year of Episodes Begins on June 11 

The first Episode, Echoes, will start a new era for Destiny 2 on June 11, exactly one week after The Final Shape launches. We'll share more information about Echoes and Episodes after The Final Shape launch.  

Many Quality-of-Life Changes

The Final Shape also brings a lot of important changes to many Destiny 2 systems, from how Rahool will decrypt Exotic engrams to how shaders are shown in the customization menu. Below you can find a list of these changes: 

• Read more about how we have revamped our Power system , so players can have a more meaningful progression, share their Power Level with friends, and understand at a glance how challenging an activity is. 
• Your vault space is now increased by 100 to 700 total. Use that new space wisely! 
• Read more about how the Heads Up Display (HUD) channels have been revamped with new icons and two additional channels to better organize priority buffs. 
• Read more about the update to Mementos. You’ll be able to carry more of them, and they now live in the weapon inspection screen as a virtual currency. 
• Read more about how Rahool now is the source for new Exotic armor pieces and has a new reputation rank.  
• Read more about how shaders have a new icon that better represents how they will look on your armor.  
• Read more about Hawthorne’s new vendor reputation track with new rewards, and how leveling up your clan will unlock new perks . 

Read the Update 8.0.0.1 Patch Notes

For the remaining information about what has been added and what is changing with The Final Shape, please read the patch notes for Update 8.0.0.1.

As we said at the beginning, today is the day. You can finally play The Final Shape, face the Witness and its forces, and live an adventure ten years in the making.  

Have fun, everyone! 

The Destiny 2 Community Team  

The Time Traveler's Wife

A hapless time traveler and his wife forge an unlikely love affair despite his uncontrolled jumps through time. more

A hapless time traveler and his wife forge an unlikely love affai ... More

Starring: Rachel McAdams Eric Bana Arliss Howard

Director: Robert Schwentke

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A hapless time traveler and his wife forge an unlikely love affair despite his uncontrolled jumps through time.

Starring: Rachel McAdams Eric Bana Arliss Howard Ron Livingston Stephen Tobolowsky

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Star Trek: Enterprises Time Traveler Daniels & Discovery Reveal Explained

WARNING: Contains SPOILERS for Star Trek: Discovery 's finale, "Life, Itself".

• Discovery's finale revealed Dr. Kovich was an older version of Crewman Daniels, linking the show to Enterprise.
• Kovich's true identity as Daniels reaffirms strong links between Discovery and Enterprise.
• The reveal opens up the possibility of future appearances by David Cronenberg in the Star Trek franchise.

Star Trek: Discovery 's finale revealed that the enigmatic Dr. Kovich (David Cronenberg) was an older version of Crewman Daniels (Matt Winston), so who was Star Trek: Enterprise 's time traveler? Since the USS Discovery arrived in the 32nd century, they've occasionally come under Dr. Kovich's jurisdiction, most notably during season 5's hunt for the Progenitors' technology. Kovich has always been an enigmatic figure, leading many to question the Federation scientist's motivations in Star Trek: Discovery seasons 3 to 5. As a reward for successfully completing her Red Directive mission, Captain Michael Burnham (Sonequa Martin-Green) got to learn Kovich's true identity.

By revealing that Kovich was actually the Star Trek: Enterprise character , Daniels, the ending of Star Trek: Discovery 's finale brought the show full circle in one key way. Discovery season 1 was set between the end of Enterprise and the start of Star Trek: The Original Series , meaning that it could only refer to the adventures of Captain Jonathan Archer (Scott Bakula) and the Enterprise NX-01. For example, Discovery 's Mirror Universe arc heavily referenced Enterprise 's two-parter "Through a Mirror, Darkly", involving the original USS Defiant. By revealing that Kovich was actually Enterprise 's Temporal Agent Daniels, Discovery reaffirms its strong links to the Scott Bakula show.

Star Trek: Discoverys David Cronenberg & Doctor Kovich Explained

Cult director and Star Trek fan David Cronenberg played the enigmatic Dr. Kovich in Discovery seasons 3 to 5, and now we finally know who he is.

Star Trek: Enterprises Daniels & Temporal Wars Explained

Daniels first appeared in Star Trek: Enterprise season 1, episode 11, "Cold Front", in which he was revealed to be a Temporal Agent from the far future. Daniels had infiltrated the Enterprise NX-01 prior to the leader of the Suliban Cabal, Silik (John Fleck) coming aboard. The Suliban Cabal were in the employ of one of the main powers in the Temporal Wars that started in the 29th century and rippled back through history. By capturing Silik, Daniels had hoped to reduce the Cabal's influence, but he was killed in the course of his mission.

In Star Trek: Discovery , Kovich refers to himself as "Agent Daniels, USS Enterprise", but Archer's Enterprise wasn't officially redesignated that until Star Trek: Picard season 3.

When Daniels returned in Star Trek: Enterprise 's season 1 finale, he told Archer that he had died " in a manner of speaking " which suggests the Temporal Agent retained knowledge of aborted timelines . This would also explain Kovich's reference to living " many lives " in Star Trek: Discovery 's finale. As the Enterprise NX-01 was a vitally important starship in the history of Starfleet and the Federation, it was a prime target for Temporal Wars powers who wanted to rewrite history without the Federation in it. Therefore, Daniels and Archer regularly worked together, ensuring that the course of history ran its correct course.

What Doctor Kovichs Reveal As Daniels Means For Star Trek

There are some interesting ramifications for the wider franchise created by the revelations about Doctor Kovich in Star Trek: Discovery 's finale. Kovich always had an impressive amount of knowledge about the Temporal Wars and its damaging effects on the barriers between the alternate Star Trek timelines. Now that audiences know he's an older Agent Daniels, they know he's seen these effects first-hand, and is not merely repeating the archival information in the Federation databanks. More widely, however, Discovery 's Star Trek: Enterprise twist creates the possibility of future appearances by David Cronenberg.

While time travel was apparently banned by the Federation in the 32nd century, Dr. Kovich has proved time and again that he answers to a higher power. It wouldn't be beyond the realms of possibility, therefore, for Kovich to instigate a Red Directive mission that sees him enlist the services of Captain Christopher Pike (Anson Mount) in Star Trek: Strange New Worlds . After all, SNW season 2, episode 3, "Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow" revealed that Star Trek: Enterprise 's Temporal Wars are still ongoing. Therefore, Star Trek: Discovery 's reveal that Daniels is still in active service could now reignite the conflict elsewhere in the franchise.

All episodes of Star Trek: Discovery and Star Trek: Enterprise are streaming now on Paramount+.

Star Trek: Discovery

Cast Blu del Barrio, Oded Fehr, Anthony Rapp, Sonequa Martin-Green, Doug Jones, Wilson Cruz, Eve Harlow, Mary Wiseman, Callum Keith Rennie

Release Date September 24, 2017

Writers Alex Kurtzman

Where To Watch Paramount+

Star Trek: Enterprise

Cast Dominic Keating, Connor Trinneer, Linda Park, John Billingsley, Scott Bakula, Jolene Blalock, Jeffrey Combs, Anthony Montgomery

Release Date September 26, 2001

Writers Rick Berman, Manny Coto, Brannon Braga

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What Penalties Does Trump Face Now That He Has Been Convicted?

Each of the 34 counts carries the possibility of up to four years in prison, but incarceration is not a given: Justice Juan M. Merchan could opt to impose a sentence of probation, with no prison time.

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By Kate Christobek

• Published May 29, 2024 Updated May 30, 2024

Now that a New York jury has convicted Donald J. Trump of all 34 felony counts against him, it will be up to Justice Juan M. Merchan to decide whether his punishment will include prison time.

Mr. Trump was charged with 34 counts of falsifying business records related to the coverup of a $130,000 hush money payment that was made to the porn star Stormy Daniels in the days leading up to the 2016 election. All the charges are class E felonies, the least serious, in New York State.

Mr. Trump was released on his own recognizance until his sentencing, which was scheduled for July 11. Each count carries the possibility of up to four years in prison. If Justice Merchan were to opt for prison time, he would likely impose the punishment concurrently, meaning he would have Mr. Trump serve the sentence for each count simultaneously.

Incarceration is not a given: Justice Merchan could instead opt to impose a sentence of probation, with no prison time. Mr. Trump would then be required to regularly report to New York City’s Probation Department. He could also be jailed immediately if he committed additional crimes.

Mr. Trump, who is again the presumptive Republican presidential nominee, will undoubtedly appeal any conviction, a lengthy process that could take months or longer and would likely not be resolved before Election Day.

There has been no indication yet of what Justice Merchan could decide, though he has made it known that he takes white-collar crime seriously. Mr. Trump has continually attacked and denounced him as “biased” and “corrupt.”

Kate Christobek is a reporter covering the civil and criminal cases against former president Donald J. Trump for The Times. More about Kate Christobek

Our Coverage of the Trump Hush-Money Trial

Guilty Verdict : Donald Trump was convicted on all 34 counts  of falsifying records to cover up a sex scandal that threatened his bid for the White House in 2016, making him the first American president to be declared a felon .

What Happens Next: Trump’s sentencing hearing on July 11 will trigger a long and winding appeals process , though he has few ways to overturn the decision .

Reactions: Trump’s conviction reverberated quickly across the country  and around the world . Here’s what voters , New Yorkers , Republicans , Trump supporters  and President Biden  had to say.

The Presidential Race : The political fallout of Trump’s conviction is far from certain , but the verdict will test America’s traditions, legal institutions and ability to hold an election under historic partisan tension .

Making the Case: Over six weeks and the testimony of 20 witnesses, the Manhattan district attorney’s office wove a sprawling story  of election interference and falsified business records.

Legal Luck Runs Out: The four criminal cases that threatened Trump’s freedom had been stumbling along, pleasing his advisers. Then his good fortune expired .

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Even intimacy experts can fall into a physical funk.

Vanessa Marin, a sex therapist , realized she was “bristling” every time her husband, Xander, was attempting physical contact because it had become synonymous as a precursor for sex, which Vanessa admitted to HuffPost , she didn’t always desire.

To combat what she dubbed “the bristle reaction,” she enforced a new policy in their marriage: a nightly make-out sesh.

“This nightly routine has taken the pressure off of us to have to have sex if we start making out, and it’s really allowed us to enjoy making out just for the sake of making out,” she said in a TikTok video last year.

By getting hot and heavy without going all the way, the nightly routine broke the mental connection between kissing and sex.

“Enjoying short and intentional kisses and making that a priority is a way to prioritize intimacy in your relationship, as well as potentially creating the conditions for responsive desire,” NYC sex therapist Megan Fleming told HuffPost, highlighting the importance of making kissing “the main event” in this scenario.

Vanessa and Xander agreed to not have sex during the first month of their mandatory make-out rule to emphasize “the point of the ritual.”

“We really wanted to break that connection between making out and having sex, so there were even times in that first month where we both got turned on and we made ourselves get out of bed,” explained Vanessa, who noted their nightly kissing only lasts for a few seconds to a few minutes.

However, scheduling a time to be intimate in this way can “be a buzzkill,” especially for those that see “spontaneity” as a turn-on, warned Celeste Hirschman, the co-founder of the Somatic Institute of Sex and Relationship Coaching in California.

“Other people might not like it if they feel like it takes away from the feeling that their partner desires them,” she noted.

But it seems to work for Vanessa and her husband of 13 years, who have maintained this routine for years now.

“We don’t force ourselves to do it, but those times are pretty rare, and actually, knowing that we have this little tradition kind of helps us smooth over a lot of arguments,” she said.

“The only exceptions have been if one of us is sick ― we’re not trying to pass germs around, so we don’t do it then ― or if we’re really at odds with each other.”

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