Historic Pub Tours

The fun way to experience london, explore ancient laneways and amazing pubs and hear tales of naughty, crazy music legends, famous actors and infamous criminals., virtual experiences.

Bringing the best of British pub culture through this hilarious interactive virtual experience, and all from the comfort of your own home or office.

Perfect for drinks with friends, team building or a gift that's outside the box.

historical pub tour

We're a collection of local and veteran entertainers, history buffs and musical guides, who've come together to show you the hidden depths of London and its secret venues and best locations. 

Experience London like a true local, in the company of a true local. 

Ye olde cheshire cheese.jpg

Historic Pub Tours

Click the link above for more information

London has been home to some of the greatest musicians, artists, actors and criminals in history, from the Beatles, Rolling Stones and Jimi Hendrix to Karl Marx, George Orwell and Shakespeare.  

Come visit the same venues, pubs and areas that they all frequented, partied and played.

Website virtual tour photo.png

Want to visit London's most iconic landmarks and Old City sections, but don't want a regular boring tour? 

Why not discover and explore London, while taking regular breaks to enjoy a drink at some of London's grandest and most historical pubs too!

historical pub tour

Liquid History Tours logo

Join us for a walk through London’s infamous liquid history...

Mug illustration

PURVEYOR OF LONDONS FINEST PUB TOURS

With over 3000 pubs in london, we handpick the best of the bunch for a leisurely stroll through the heart of london’s liquid history..

Believing small really is beautiful we maximize our group sizes to just 14 clients, helping us to explore the road less travelled and share some of London’s quirkier history along the way.

Whether you are a first time visitor to the city or lived here all your life, our local guides will open your eyes & ears to another side of London whilst sharing a drink or two with you along the way.

historical pub tour

Samantha, UK “The tour was the most excellent way to spend an afternoon. We know London but this was a tour which shows you a different side of the City. Our guide, was very knowledgeable and friendly and we loved every moment. I hugely recommend this tour to both locals and tourists”
David, UK “In simple terms, a really interesting and liquid filled tour, calling on pubs which were either hidden secretively away down a side cobbled street........... or were full of history and haunted tales.....or both!”
Mateusz, London “I'm very interested in the history of London and not many people can surprise me with some new interesting facts but our guide on the tour showed to me that I still need to learn lot”
Teresa, Canada “It's the perfect mix of history, pop culture, beer and fun. We learned some interesting information, met some really nice people and enjoyed some great beer. You will have a blast on this pub tour!! 100% recommended!”

Recommended by

Logo

we organise private tours too

Ideal for birthdays, celebrations and any other special event, you can experience London with your family, friends and work colleagues with a tour tailored to your interests.

London pub

“There is nothing which has yet been contrived by man, by which so much happiness is produced as by a good tavern or inn.” Dr Samuel Johnson

Back to top

historical pub tour

Liquid History Tours

Founded by local Londoners to celebrate the quirkier side of London life & history. Perfect for the culturally curious, our small group walking tours delve into the road less-travelled. Escape the bustle and join us as we dive into the heart of London’s liquid history.

historical pub tour

Tripadvisor

historical pub tour

  • London City Tours >

London Historical Pub Walking Tour

London Historical Pub Walking Tour

Our London pub tour takes you to some of the most historic pubs and watering holes in the city. It’s a great way to get a feel for one of Britain’s most famous cultural pastimes. You’ll get to visit London’s most famous pubs & ale houses on a guided afternoon walk. Your entertaining guide will share infamous stories about London, as you pass some of London’s most iconic landmarks.

London Pub Tour:

  • Visit some of the oldest pubs, alehouses and taverns in the city! These ancient hidden gems will be brought to life by your guide
  • You’ll visit at least 4 of London’s oldest inns, taverns and gin places
  • Drink along “The Street of Shame”, following in the footsteps of Dickens and Shakespeare
  • Hear stories about London’s most ghostly pub and learn lots of fun, interesting facts from your friendly guide
  • Enjoy classic London sights including St Paul’s Cathedral as you walk through narrow cobbled streets
  • At the end of the tour, why not enjoy some pub food like fish & chips?

Why take this tour?

English is famous for its drinking heritage, and London has long been associated with its many pubs and taverns. It’s a long-standing British tradition to enjoy a few pints of beer and this tour will give you a taste of this culture. You’ll get to see some of London’s most famous watering holes, with plenty of stories to keep you entertained along the way. A great way to spend 3-4 hours in the city!

Tour Includes:

  • Professional tour guide
  • Walking tour

Tour Excludes:

  • The food and drink are not included in the tour price. You will need to bring some cash so that you can buy your own drinks.
  • Meeting point: Outside St Paul’s Underground Station (Exit 2)
  • End point: Close to Holborn Underground Station (at approx. 5-6pm)
  • The tour lasts 3-4 hours
  • This is a small group tour that operates with a maximum of 14 people
  • You must give 72 hours notice of departure in order to cancel this product
  • If you appear to be under the age of 25, you need to bring photo ID
  • Its strongly encouraged for you to have some lunch before the tour, as there is not time to have lunch during the tour.

Tour Booking

Terms and conditions, you might also be interested.

WB 640 640

Warner Bros. Studio Tour – The Making of Harry Potter

buckingham palace golden tours 640

Fully Guided Day Tour of London

London marching Buck Palace 640

Highlights of London with River Cruise - 3.5 Hours

afternoon tea bus 640

Afternoon Tea Bus with London Sightseeing - 1.5 Hours

Highlights of london - 2 hours.

hoho bus 1 640 london 640 1

London Hop on Hop off Bus with Optional River Cruise

This website uses cookies to improve your browsing experience and analyze the use of the website. Learn More

Reserve Your Spot with Confidence! Full Refunds with 24 Hrs Notice. Reschedule at any point, even after tour, if space allows!

Company Logo - Home Link

Historic London Pub Tour

historical pub tour

Tour Information

Historic london pub tour highlights.

Join us on the City of London pub tour to see the most; iconic, historic, and unusual pubs in London.

You will get to experience London like a true local visiting some of London's best traditional pubs and hidden gems with an entertaining local guide.

Narelle D.

Searching Availability...

*****************************************************

Click here to view our full selection of free London walking tours .

We will explore secret alleyways and hear Tales from some of London’s greatest pubs, from where people have imbibed for over 500 years.

We will learn about the origin of London's famed Gin Palaces of the 19th Century as we wander through streets that would have been home to beggars, thieves, and vagabonds.

London Historic Pubs Tou

We'll discover five iconic watering holes visited by some of London's most infamous characters, each with a history to tell.

These include some of the best-preserved traditional pubs in England.

Each pub we visit will have a very different atmosphere and history but all share a fine offering of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks in a wonderful building.

Highlights:

  • Visit pubs frequented by London's most famous poets, writers, and free thinkers!
  • Follow in the footsteps of Queen Elizabeth I and visit the hardest-to-find pub in London.
  • Explore parts of London as a local and get away from the tourist crowd.
  • Drink in a pub that has actual jail cells in the basement from medieval times.
  • See the first Irish Pub outside of Ireland.
  • Hear the tales of and visit some of the famed Victorian Gin Palaces!

What else you should know

It's a walking tour, but there's not a lot of distance involved.

Having said that, the alleys can be very narrow and there are a small number of steps to climb throughout. Wear comfortable shoes! 

Pubs will accept cash or card payments for drinks as you prefer. You will need to pay for your own drinks during the tour!

historical pub tour

This is a tour for guests aged 18 and over only.

What to bring : Photographic ID (18 years and over only) .

Where: Outside The Blackfriar Pub (opposite Blackfriars Station - North of the river Thames). The tour finishes near Holborn Station.

historical pub tour

Duration: Approximately 2.5 - 3 Hours

When:  Wednesdays at 16:00 Book online HERE .

Cost: This tour is free to take, and you get to decide what, if anything, the tour was worth when it's done. A name-your-own-price tour is a tour for anyone's budget.

The average cost of a pint is £7.

And much, much more

North america, united kingdom & ireland, middle east & india, asia & oceania.

"The London Pub Tour Specialist"

Site Navigation [Skip]

  • Fleet Street
  • Covent Garden
  • The Dinner option
  • OXFORD TAVERN TRAILS
  • DUBLIN TAVERN TRAILS
  • LIVERPOOL TAVERN TRAILS
  • How to book

Sidebar [Skip]

Historic city pub tours.

Fleet Street Tour

Holborn Tour

Covent Garden Tour

Wapping Tour

Oxford Tour

Dublin Tour

Liverpool Tour

  • London Tavern Trails

TripAdvisor

HISTORIC LONDON PUB TOURS

FOLLOWING THE END OF UK GOVERNMENT COVID RESTRICTIONS, OUR TOURS ARE NOW FULLY UP & RUNNING AGAIN

London Tavern Trails™ operates private pre-booked guided walking tours of London's historic pubs

★   To go on a London Tavern Tour, make a booking by e mail or phone, or book online using the "Book Now" buttons on this site

★   Meet on the pavement outside the designated tube station at the agreed time

★   A London Tavern Tour visits 4 historic pubs and lasts around 2½ hours

Our walks combine London, history, old pubs and real ale.

London is the most visited city in the world. Its rich heritage is embodied in its streets and buildings, its walls, rivers, gates, towers, squares, monuments and churches, and in its public houses. The pub is an integral part of London life and there is only one way to experience and enjoy the diversity of London and its pubs, and that is on foot. London Tavern Trails™ provides guided walking tours of London's historic pubs. Join an experienced guide from London Tavern Trails™, and you will:

✱   Visit the historic pubs of London

✱   Learn about their heritage

✱   Discover the history of the area and its inhabitants

✱   Find out about the origins of inns, taverns & public houses

✱   Savour England's national drink (=beer !)

London's pubs have fascinating stories to tell. London taverns of real antiquity are few and far between, but there are a handful of 16th, 17th & 18th century treasures, along with some fine Victorian and Edwardian inns. Our knowledgable guides have a life-long passion for London, its ale-houses and its history. Join them for a guided walking tour and drink in a piece of history.

England's national drink is beer and, more specifically, real ale. Real ale is a natural product brewed using traditional ingredients and left to mature in the cask from which it is served in the pub, through a natural process called secondary fermentation. It is this process which makes real ale unique amongst beers and develops the wonderful tastes and aromas which processed beers like lager can never provide. All real ales contain the same basic ingredients, but each real ale tastes different, according to the types of malt, hops, yeast and water used in the brewing process. All historic pubs visited on London Tavern Trails' walking tours serve these traditional real ales. But, by the way, don't feel obliged to drink real ale - the choice is yours : beer, lager, stout, wine, spirits, soft drinks or whatever takes your fancy.

But don't just take OUR word for it. See what others have to say about our historic pub tours by clicking on one of the Trip Advisor icons on the right of this page.

Our 4 classic tours (Holborn, Fleet Street, Covent Garden and Wapping) are detailed on this website. You can choose from one of these tours or a bespoke tour to suit individual requirements. Possibilities include the historic taverns of Belgravia, St. James's, Smithfield, Southwark or Westminster. A bespoke tour can include as few or as many pubs (within reason !) as you wish.

London Tavern Trails™ was founded by, and is owned and managed by John Edwards and Morris Jones. We both graduated from London Universities and have each spent the majority of our working lives in London. We have a passion for London and its rich history and for London pubs. We believe that real London pubs are unique pieces of living history which are central to an appreciation of the city and its bygone days.

The tavern tours take-in carefully selected historic pubs, which are often English Heritage listed buildings and often listed in CAMRA's National Inventory of historic pub interiors.

Each walk lasts around two & a half hours, which includes a number of refreshment stops en route in carefully selected historic pubs.

We will tell you about the history of each pub visited on the tour and inform you about the history of the local area. You will discover things about beer and brewing that perhaps you didn't know. All the pubs we visit serve real ale, as well as other beers, wines and spirits, and soft drinks. There is no obligation to buy a drink or spend money in any of the pubs we visit.

We welcome children of 14 years of age and over on our guided walks. Under UK Licensing Laws, children under 16 are allowed in pubs so long as they are accompanied by someone who is 18 years or over. But different pubs tend to have different rules, so please ask us in advance if you intend to bring a 14-17 year old on one of our tours. Children under 18 are not permitted to buy or to consume alcohol in a pub.

We are supporters of the Campaign for Real Ale. CAMRA campaigns for real ale and real pubs.

  • Public Tours
  • Private Tours
  • Meet the Team
  • Transport & Travel

Fun London Tours - London Walking Tours

Covent Garden Historic Pub Tour

Do you love london's old pubs.

This is the perfect tour if you want to learn about London in a more ‘fluid’ and ‘refreshing’ way…

On this 2 and a half hour tour we will visit four famous pubs, stopping for a drink in each. At the end you are welcome to say and carouse through the evening and into the night, though we suggest you take heed of the wisdom of Winston Churchill who said “I have taken more from Alcohol than alcohol has ever taken from me.”

Sure! Our guides tend to be booked quite far in advance – especially during peak times – but please email [email protected] with your request. We tend to have more availability on shorter private tours of 1.5 – 2 hours in length. As of January 2023, prices start at £250.

historical pub tour

You might also like...

historical pub tour

Churchill & London in WW2 Tour

historical pub tour

Changing the Guard Tour

historical pub tour

Changing the Guard extra! Tour

historical pub tour

Secret Old London Tour

historical pub tour

Hidden London Tour

historical pub tour

Secret London Tour

historical pub tour

The London Loo Tour

historical pub tour

London’s Lost City Tour

historical pub tour

Controversial Statues Tour

historical pub tour

Liar Liar London Quiz Tour

historical pub tour

London’s Grime & Punishment Tour

historical pub tour

Bizarre Old London Tour

historical pub tour

The Harry Potter Tour

historical pub tour

Curiosities of London Tour

historical pub tour

Shakespeare’s London Tour

historical pub tour

Saints, Sinners & Celebrities

historical pub tour

Martyrs, Murderers & Merrymaking

historical pub tour

Nazi Dogs, Playboys & Naughty Royals

historical pub tour

Pigeons, Princes & Peculiarities

historical pub tour

Secrets, Scams & Superstition Tour

historical pub tour

Hidden Signs, Films & Rivers of Beer

recommended

Heritage Pub Tours

The past by the pint

Founded by two cambridge students with a passion for hops and history, we handpick the best of cambridge's incredible pubs for your delectation..

We believe in giving you an authentic, intimate slice of local pub culture, so we maximise our group sizes to 6. Whether you’re visiting for the first time and want to explore the city’s iconic landmarks via some historic pubs, or you’re a beer buff who wants to see Cambridge’s most unique alehouses and breweries, we have a tour to meet your needs!

Heritage Pub Tours

Join us for a guided tour through cambridge's most famous pubs and alehouses, whilst drinking in some of cambridge's iconic sites and stories..., private hire tours, get in touch to find out more about our private hire tours - bespoke tours tailored just for you perfect for birthdays, special occasions and corporate events .

[email protected]

Tour Operating Hours

  • Friday 6pm - 8pm
  • Saturday 3pm - 5pm
  • Saturday 6pm - 8pm
  • Sunday 3pm - 5pm
  • Sunday 6pm - 8pm

Join our Mailing List

From our reviews of pubs around the country to interviews with some of Britain’s most fascinating landlords. From tales of historic pub culture and to autobiographical stories from our life as pub go-ers! We update our blog every 2 weeks, and we promise to educate, elucidate and tittillate your passion for pub culture with every post!

ELECTROSTAL HISTORY AND ART MUSEUM: All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go (with Photos)

Electrostal History and Art Museum - All You MUST Know Before You Go (2024)

Parkersburg Historical Tours offering 5 new tours

PARKERSBURG, W.Va . (WTAP) -Parkersburg historical tours offer new tours throughout different parts of history in town such as the Civil War, the oil and gas industry, and the ability to create your own tour.

Visitors start and end the tours at Point Park where they can spend three hours viewing the different sites of history.

Mary Barbara Hannah says she hopes these tours will continue to grow and maybe have a little fun with them.

“I feel like this is just the beginning of what I like to see expand,” Mary said. “Some of my other ideas are to use local actors and actresses as tour guides and let them be the ones to dress in period clothing if they want and host the tour on the tour bus. I think there’s so much great opportunity here in Parkersburg.”

You can book a tour by either contacting her at (681) 507-6188 or by visiting Parkersburgtours.com as well as information about each tour.

“I would be so happy for people to reach out,” Mary added. “Tell me what you’re looking for and we can put it together.”

Copyright 2024 WTAP. All rights reserved.

Cheryl Cook

This is Home: Principal retires after 56 years

Fentanyl and methamphetamine bust

Washington County Sheriff’s Office makes $200,000 drug bust

People can drink outside on Market Street in certain areas in Parkersburg.

Parkersburg’s New PODA Law begins

Mildred Jane Oldaker Obit

Obituary: Oldaker, Mildred Jane

Gladioli flowers from above. Obituary or death notice concept.

Obituary: Terrell, Debra Kay

Latest news.

File

One dead following crash in Meigs Co.

According to past commander of American Legion Post 64 in Marietta, Regis Kern, if you find...

Proper flag etiquette for Memorial Day

If you find yourself at a Memorial Day parade there are a few different ways to be respectful...

Dark Side Robotics wins Optimum Community Impact Award Grant

Car show

The Infamous Car Club raises money for veterans

IMAGES

  1. Covent Garden Historical Pub Tour

    historical pub tour

  2. Historical Pub Walking Tour of London

    historical pub tour

  3. London: Historical Pub Walking Tour

    historical pub tour

  4. Free Historical Pub Tour London

    historical pub tour

  5. London: Historical Pub Walking Tour

    historical pub tour

  6. London Historical Pub Walking Tour

    historical pub tour

COMMENTS

  1. Home

    Historic Pub Tours. Explore ancient laneways and amazing pubs and hear tales of naughty, crazy music legends, famous actors and infamous criminals. Virtual Experiences. Bringing the best of British pub culture through this hilarious interactive virtual experience, and all from the comfort of your own home or office.

  2. Historic Pub Tours

    Mark did a great job taking us to 4 different pubs filled with history. We found this tour through Airbnb experiences and it included a pub where Charles Dickens wrote, a historical gin palace pub (my personal favorite -- with an extremely quirky / entertaining owner and 60+ types of gin), one where rooster/cock fights happened and included an arena for betting, and an elegant one with massive ...

  3. Liquid History Tours

    PURVEYOR OF LONDONS FINEST PUB TOURS With over 3000 pubs in London, we handpick the best of the bunch for a leisurely stroll through the heart of London's liquid history. ... "This experience was really so much more than just a pub tour. Yes, we went to numerous historic & beautiful pubs and our excellent tour guide was well versed in the ...

  4. London Historical Pub Walking Tour

    Every Wed, Fri & Sat from £ 25 per Person. Historical Pub Walking Tour. Our London pub tour takes you to some of the most historic pubs and watering holes in the city. It's a great way to get a feel for one of Britain's most famous cultural pastimes. You'll get to visit London's most famous pubs & ale houses on a guided afternoon walk.

  5. Historic London Pub Tour

    Schedule: Wednesdays. Start Time: 4:00pm (16:00) Tour Language: English. Duration: 2.5 - 3 Hours. Join us on the City of London pub tour to see the most; iconic, historic, and unusual pubs in London. You will get to experience London like a true local visiting some of London's best traditional pubs and hidden gems with an entertaining local guide.

  6. Small-Group Tour: Historical Pub Walking Tour of London

    Experience London's traditional drinking scene on this small-group, half-day pub crawl. Accompany your guide on a fun and educational tour in and around the City of London, where you'll visit at least four historic pubs and taste different brews (own expense). Pop into centuries-old ale houses, see literary haunts favored by writers like Charles Dickens, and learn about local drinking ...

  7. Historic Pub Tour London

    Historic London Pub Tour. Explore London's history with a drink in hand on this historic London pub tour as you visit four of the most historic and best pubs in London. On this fun London pub tour you'll step inside centuries-old pubs and ale houses frequented by the King's and Queen's of England and London's most historical and influential ...

  8. London: Explore the Historic Pubs of Central London

    Full description. Enjoy an afternoon stroll through London's liquid history, pausing to quench your thirst in 4 of the city's most historic pubs. Walk from historic Southwark to the bright lights of the West End, uncovering fascinating anecdotes and hidden stories. Meet your guide outside St Paul's underground station and set off on a gentle 2 ...

  9. London: 2-Hour Historic Pub Tour

    15 Blackpool. 16 Canterbury. 17 Windermere. 18 Chester. 19 Newcastle. 20 Skipton. Become acquainted with London's oldest drinking establishments as you explore the winding streets of the historic city center with a local guide. Learn about London's seedy, drink-obsessed past on a 2-hour tour complete with a complimentary half-pint.

  10. London Tavern Trails HOME

    London Tavern Trails™ operates private pre-booked guided walking tours of London's historic pubs. ★ To go on a London Tavern Tour, make a booking by e mail or phone, or book online using the "Book Now" buttons on this site. ★ Meet on the pavement outside the designated tube station at the agreed time. ★ A London Tavern Tour visits 4 ...

  11. Drink London! Historical Pub Walking Tour

    The tour departs daily from outside St Paul's Underground Station (exit 2) at 2pm. Please arrive at least 15 minutes early. The tour finishes close to Holborn Underground Station around 5-6pm. Explore London's historic pubs. Hear intriguing tales from the past. Sample some of the city's top beers.

  12. Covent Garden Historic Pub Tour

    Our tour will guide you to some of the oldest and the best, soaking in the historic atmosphere (and the ales) of Covent Garden on a drunken frolic through four centuries of alcoholic history. Over ales, lagers and ciders your guide will enthrall you with tales of duels, romance and adventure… all fueled by liquor.

  13. Historic London Pub Tour 2024

    Drink in centuries of London history on a beer-fueled walking tour of the capital's traditional pubs. Follow in the footsteps of literary icons like Charles Dickens and Dylan Thomas as you seek out famous drinking dens and hear stories of Victorian gin palaces, haunted beer cellars and legendary bar brawls. Cap it off by enjoying a complimentary half-pint of beer as you mingle with the locals.

  14. Private Group: Historical Pub Walking Tour of London

    Discover the historical pubs of London—as well as many of the city's key historical landmarks—on a private walking tour. Set off on foot to admire London highlights, from St. Paul's Cathedral and St. Bride's Church to Temple Inn. As you go, stop for a drink (own expense) at several storied, atmospheric pubs, all of which boast unusual architecture and striking stories.

  15. Small-Group Tour: Historical Pub Walking Tour of London

    About. Get a local's perspective of London—and follow your guide off the tourist trail to locals-loved pubs—on a small-group, half-day walking tour that introduces you to several of the city's most historic alehouses. Try a range of local brews (own expense), see city sights, and hear stories of the legendary figures who were known to enjoy ...

  16. Heritage Pub Tours

    The past by the pint. Founded by two Cambridge students with a passion for hops and history, we handpick the best of Cambridge's incredible pubs for your delectation. We believe in giving you an authentic, intimate slice of local pub culture, so we maximise our group sizes to 6. Whether you're visiting for the first time and want to explore ...

  17. Electrostal History and Art Museum

    Art MuseumsHistory Museums. Write a review. Full view. All photos (22) Suggest edits to improve what we show. Improve this listing. Revenue impacts the experiences featured on this page, learn more. The area. Nikolaeva ul., d. 30A, Elektrostal 144003 Russia.

  18. Soho Historic Pubs and Music Themed Tour 2024

    London, England. Tower of London for kids & families Private Guided Tour with pre-booked Tickets. 91. from $365.08. Price varies by group size. London, England. British Royalty walking tour including The Changing Of The Guard! 6. from $27.26.

  19. Electrostal History and Art Museum

    Electrostal History and Art Museum. 19 reviews. #3 of 12 things to do in Elektrostal. Art MuseumsHistory Museums. Write a review. All photos (22) Revenue impacts the experiences featured on this page, learn more. The area. Nikolaeva ul., d. 30A, Elektrostal 144003 Russia.

  20. Elektrostal

    Coat of arms. Elektrostal ( Russian: Электроста́ль) is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is 58 kilometers (36 mi) east of Moscow. As of 2010, 155,196 people lived there.

  21. Parkersburg Historical Tours offering 5 new tours

    Published: May. 20, 2024 at 5:01 PM PDT. PARKERSBURG, W.Va. (WTAP) -Parkersburg historical tours offer new tours throughout different parts of history in town such as the Civil War, the oil and gas industry, and the ability to create your own tour. Visitors start and end the tours at Point Park where they can spend three hours viewing the ...

  22. Moscow Oblast

    Moscow Oblast ( Russian: Моско́вская о́бласть, Moskovskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia. It is located in western Russia, and it completely surrounds Moscow. The oblast has no capital, and oblast officials reside in Moscow or in other cities within the oblast. [1] As of 2015, the oblast has a population of 7,231,068 ...