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Ghana (Africa)

Advice for all destinations.

Read the information on the COVID-19: Health Considerations for Travel page for advice on travelling during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Vaccinations and malaria risk

Review both the Vaccination and Malaria sections on this page to find out if you may need vaccines and/or a malaria risk assessment before you travel to this country.

If you think you require vaccines and/or malaria risk assessment, you should make an appointment with a travel health professional:

• How to make an appointment with a travel health professional

A travel health risk assessment is also advisable for some people, even when vaccines or malaria tablets are not required.

• Do I need a travel health risk assessment?

Risk prevention advice 

Many of the health risks experienced by travellers cannot be prevented by vaccines and other measures need to be taken.

Always make sure you understand the wider risks at your destination and take precautions, including:

• food and water safety
• accident prevention
• avoiding insect bites
• preventing and treating animal bites
• respiratory hygiene
• hand hygiene

Our advice section gives detailed information on minimising specific health risks abroad:

• Travel Health Advice A-Z

Other health considerations

Make sure you have travel insurance before travel to cover healthcare abroad.

Find out if there are any restrictions you need to consider if you are travelling with medicines .

Know how to access healthcare at your destination: see the GOV.UK English speaking doctors and medical facilities: worldwide list

If you feel unwell on your return home from travelling abroad, always seek advice from a healthcare professional and let them know your travel history.

Vaccinations

• Confirm primary courses and boosters are up to date as recommended for life in Britain - including for example, seasonal flu vaccine (if indicated), MMR , vaccines required for occupational risk of exposure, lifestyle risks and underlying medical conditions.
• Courses or boosters usually advised: Hepatitis A; Poliomyelitis; Tetanus; Yellow Fever.
• Other vaccines to consider: Diphtheria; Hepatitis B; Meningococcal Meningitis; Rabies; Typhoid.
• Selectively advised vaccines - only for those individuals at highest risk: Cholera.

Yellow fever vaccination certificate required for all travellers aged 9 months or over.

Notes on the diseases mentioned above

Risk is higher during floods and after natural disasters, in areas with very poor sanitation and lack of clean drinking water.

• Diphtheria :  spread person to person through respiratory droplets. Risk is higher if mixing with locals in poor, overcrowded living conditions.

Risk is higher where personal hygiene and sanitation is poor.

Risk is higher for long stays, frequent travel and for children (exposed through cuts and scratches), those who may require medical treatment during travel.

• Meningococcal Meningitis :  spread by droplet infection through close person to person contact. Meningococcal disease is found worldwide but epidemics may occur within this country, particularly during the dry season. Risk is higher for those mixing with locals for extended periods.
• Tetanus :  spread through contamination of cuts, burns and wounds with tetanus spores. Spores are found in soil worldwide. A total of 5 doses of tetanus vaccine are recommended for life in the UK. Boosters are usually recommended in a country or situation where the correct treatment of an injury may not be readily available.
• Typhoid :  spread mainly through consumption of contaminated food and drink. Risk is higher where access to adequate sanitation and safe water is limited.
• Yellow Fever :  spread by the bite of an infected, day-biting mosquito. The disease is mainly found in rural areas of affected countries but outbreaks in urban areas do occur. Vaccination is usually recommended for all those who travel into risk areas. (View yellow fever risk areas here), and areas where there is an outbreak ongoing (check the 'news' section for outbreaks). In addition, certain countries may want to see proof of vaccination on an official yellow fever vaccination certificate - check above under Immunisations .

Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease transmitted by mosquitoes.You cannot be vaccinated against malaria.

Malaria precautions

• Malaria risk is high throughout the year in all areas.
• Malaria precautions are essential. Avoid mosquito bites by covering up with clothing such as long sleeves and long trousers especially after sunset, using insect repellents on exposed skin and, when necessary, sleeping under a mosquito net.
• Check with your doctor or nurse about suitable antimalarial tablets.
• See malaria map –  additional information can be found by clicking on the Regional Information icon below the map.
• High risk areas: atovaquone/proguanil OR doxycycline OR mefloquine  is usually advised.
• If you have been travelling in a malarious area and develop a fever seek medical attention promptly. Remember malaria can develop even up to one year after exposure.
• If travelling to an area remote from medical facilities, carrying standby emergency treatment for malaria may be considered.

Other Health Risks

Schistosomiasis.

There is a risk of exposure to coronavirus (COVID-19) in this country.

Please be aware that the risk of COVID-19 in this country may change at short notice and also consider your risk of exposure in any transit countries and from travelling itself. 

• The 'News' section on this page will advise if significant case increases or outbreaks have occurred in this country.

Prior to travel, you should:

• Check the latest government guidance on the FCDO Foreign travel advice and country specific pages for travel to this country and the rules for entering the UK on return.
• Ensure you are up to date with UK recommendations on COVID-19 vaccination.
• You can check this in the FAQ's.
• If you are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 you should carefully  consider your travel plans  and consider seeking medical advice prior to making any decisions.

For further information, see  Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)  and  COVID-19: Health Considerations for Travel  pages.

Zika Virus Infection

This country has been categorised as having a risk of Zika (ZIKV) virus transmission.

ZIKV is mainly spread through mosquito bites. The mosquito responsible most commonly bites during daylight hours and is common in towns and cities. 

The illness is usually mild but infection during pregnancy may lead to babies being born with birth defects. There is no vaccine currently available against ZIKV.

Advice for All Travellers

You should practice strict mosquito bite avoidance at all times. Do not travel without adequate travel insurance . Seek pre-travel health advice from a travel health professional 6 to 8 weeks in advance of travel.

Additional recommendations for pregnant travellers or those planning pregnancy

If you are planning pregnancy in the very near future you should consider whether you should avoid travel to this country.

• contact your GP, obstetrician or midwife for further advice, even if you have not been unwell or had any symptoms of ZIKV infection
• use barrier methods of contraception during and after travel and for the duration of your pregnancy, even in you have not been unwell or had any symptoms of ZIKV infection
• If you develop symptoms of ZIKV infection, it is recommended that you avoid becoming pregnant for a further 2 months following your recovery
• 2 months afterwards if you are female
• 3 months afterwards if you are male or if both partners travelled

These measures reduce the chance of sexual transmission of ZIKV and/or the risk of ZIKV infection in pregnancy.

For further information, see Zika virus infection page.

• 57 additional items in the news archive for this country

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• COUNTRY INFORMATION
• LATEST NEWS
• OUTBREAK SURVEILLANCE
• TOPICS IN BRIEF
• FACTSHEETS & RESOURCES
• WORLD OVERVIEW

Capital City: Accra

Official Languages: English

Monetary Unit: Ghana cedi (GH¢)

• General Information
• Vaccine Recommendations
• Other Risks

TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS ARE IN PLACE FOR THIS COUNTRY

There are entry requirements for anyone who plans to travel to England from this country. Please check here for further information. Advice may vary in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

The information on these pages should be used to research health risks and to inform the pre-travel consultation.

Due to COVID-19, travel advice is subject to rapid change. Countries may change entry requirements and close their borders at very short notice. Travellers must ensure they check current Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) travel advice in addition to the FCDO specific country page (where available) which provides additional information on travel restrictions and entry requirements in addition to safety and security advice.

Travellers should ideally arrange an appointment with their health professional at least four to six weeks before travel. However, even if time is short, an appointment is still worthwhile. This appointment provides an opportunity to assess health risks taking into account a number of factors including destination, medical history, and planned activities. For those with pre-existing health problems, an earlier appointment is recommended.

All travellers should ensure they have adequate travel health insurance .

A list of useful resources including advice on how to reduce the risk of certain health problems is available below.

• Food and water hygiene
• Insect and tick bite avoidance
• Personal safety
• Sexually transmitted infections
• Sun protection

Details of vaccination recommendations and requirements are provided below.

All travellers

Travellers should be up to date with routine vaccination courses and boosters as recommended in the UK . These vaccinations include for example measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and diphtheria-tetanus-polio vaccine.

Country-specific diphtheria recommendations are not provided here. Diphtheria tetanus and polio are combined in a single vaccine in the UK. Therefore, when a tetanus booster is recommended for travellers, diphtheria vaccine is also given. Should there be an outbreak of diphtheria in a country, diphtheria vaccination guidance will be provided.

Those who may be at increased risk of an infectious disease due to their work, lifestyle choice, or certain underlying health problems should be up to date with additional recommended vaccines. See the individual chapters of the 'Green Book' Immunisation against infectious disease for further details.

Certificate requirements

Please read the information below carefully, as certificate requirements may be relevant to certain travellers only. For travellers further details, if required, should be sought from their healthcare professional.

• There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in all areas of this country (see ‘ Most Travellers ‘ section below).
• Under International Health Regulations, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from all travellers over 9 months of age.
• According to World Health Organization (WHO), from 11 July 2016 (for all countries), the yellow fever certificate will be valid for the duration of the life of the person vaccinated. As a consequence, a valid certificate, presented by arriving travellers, cannot be rejected on the grounds that more than ten years have passed since the date vaccination became effective as stated on the certificate; and that boosters or revaccination cannot be required.

The yellow fever vaccine is not suitable for all travellers, there are specific undesirable effects associated with it. This vaccine is only available at registered yellow fever vaccination centres . Health professionals should carefully assess the risks and benefits of the vaccine, and seek specialist advice if necessary.

Most travellers

The vaccines in this section are recommended for most travellers visiting this country. Information on these vaccines can be found by clicking on the blue arrow. Vaccines are listed alphabetically.

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is a viral infection transmitted through contaminated food and water or by direct contact with an infectious person. Symptoms are often mild or absent in young children, but the disease can be more serious with advancing age. Recovery can vary from weeks to months. Following hepatitis A infection immunity is lifelong.

All travellers should take care with personal, food and water hygiene.

Hepatitis A vaccination

As hepatitis A vaccine is well tolerated and affords long-lasting protection, it is recommended for all previously unvaccinated travellers.

Hepatitis A in brief

Tetanus is caused by a toxin released from Clostridium tetani bacteria and occurs worldwide. Tetanus bacteria are present in soil and manure and may be introduced through open wounds such as a puncture wound, burn or scratch.

Travellers should thoroughly clean all wounds and seek medical attention for injuries such as animal bites/scratches, burns or wounds contaminated with soil.

Tetanus vaccination

• Travellers should have completed a tetanus vaccination course according to the UK schedule.
• If travelling to a country or area where medical facilities may be limited, a booster dose of a tetanus-containing vaccine is recommended if the last dose was more than ten years ago even if five doses of vaccine have been given previously.

Country-specific information on medical facilities may be found in the 'health' section of the FCDO foreign travel advice pages.

Tetanus in brief

Typhoid is a bacterial infection transmitted through contaminated food and water. Previous typhoid illness may only partially protect against re-infection.

Vaccination is recommended for most travellers, particularly travellers visiting friends and relatives, those in contact with an infected person, young children, frequent or long-stay travellers visiting areas where sanitation and food hygiene are likely to be poor, and laboratory personnel who may handle the bacteria for their work.

Typhoid vaccination

• Oral and injectable typhoid vaccinations are available.

Typhoid in brief

Yellow fever.

Yellow fever is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes which predominantly feed between dawn and dusk, but may also bite at night, especially in the jungle environment. Symptoms may be absent or mild, but in severe cases it can cause internal bleeding, organ failure and death.

Yellow fever in Ghana

There is a risk of yellow fever transmission throughout this country.

Travellers should avoid mosquito bites at all times.

Yellow fever vaccination

• Vaccination is recommended for travellers aged 9 months and older.
• See vaccine recommendation map below.

Yellow fever in brief

Yellow fever vaccine recommendation map for ghana.

• Click on map to open in a new window

Some travellers

The vaccines in this section are recommended for some travellers visiting this country. Information on when these vaccines should be considered can be found by clicking on the arrow. Vaccines are listed alphabetically.

Cholera is a bacterial infection transmitted by contaminated food and water. Cholera can cause severe watery diarrhoea although mild infections are common. Most travellers are at low risk.

Cholera vaccination

This oral vaccine is recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:

• aid workers.
• those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to safe water and medical care.
• those for whom vaccination is considered potentially beneficial.

Cholera in brief

Hepatitis b.

Hepatitis B is a viral infection; it is transmitted by exposure to infected blood or body fluids. This mostly occurs during sexual contact or as a result of blood-to-blood contact (for example from contaminated equipment during medical and dental procedures, tattooing or body piercing procedures, and sharing of intravenous needles). Mothers with the virus can also transmit the infection to their baby during childbirth.

Hepatitis B in Ghana

2% or more of the population are known or thought to be persistently infected with the hepatitis B virus (intermediate/high prevalence).

Travellers should avoid contact with blood or body fluids. This includes:

• avoiding unprotected sexual intercourse.
• avoiding tattooing, piercing, public shaving, and acupuncture (unless sterile equipment is used).
• not sharing needles or other injection equipment.
• following universal precautions if working in a medical/dental/high risk setting.

A sterile medical equipment kit may be helpful when travelling to resource poor areas.

Hepatitis B vaccination

Vaccination could be considered for all travellers, and is recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk including:

• those who may have unprotected sex.
• those who may be exposed to contaminated needles through injecting drug use.
• those who may be exposed to blood or body fluids through their work (e.g. health workers).
• those who may be exposed to contaminated needles as a result of having medical or dental care e.g. those with pre-existing medical conditions and those travelling for medical care abroad including those intending to receive renal dialysis overseas.
• long-stay travellers.
• those who are participating in contact sports.
• families adopting children from this country.

Hepatitis B in brief

Meningococcal disease.

Meningococcal disease is a bacterial infection transmitted by inhaling respiratory droplets or direct contact with respiratory secretions from an infected person. This is usually following prolonged or frequent close contact. The most common forms of meningococcal disease are meningococcal meningitis (infection of the protective lining around the brain) and septicaemia (blood poisoning).

Those at increased risk include healthcare workers, those visiting friends and relatives and long-stay travellers who have close contact with the local population.

Meningococcal disease in Ghana

This country lies within the extended meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa.

Travellers should avoid, if possible, overcrowded conditions.

Meningococcal disease vaccination

Vaccination is recommended for those whose activities or medical condition put them at increased risk including:

• healthcare workers
• those visiting friends and relatives
• those who live or travel ‘rough’ such as backpackers
• long-stay travelers who have close contact with the local population
• those with certain rare immune system problems (complement disorders) and those who do not have a functioning spleen

For travellers at risk, the ACWY conjugate vaccines are recommended.

Meningococcal disease in brief

Rabies is a viral infection which is usually transmitted following contact with the saliva of an infected animal most often via a bite, scratch or lick to an open wound or mucous membrane (such as on the eye, nose or mouth). Although many different animals can transmit the virus, most cases follow a bite or scratch from an infected dog. In some parts of the world, bats are an important source of infection.

Rabies symptoms can take some time to develop, but when they do, the condition is almost always fatal.

The risk of exposure is increased by certain activities and length of stay (see below). Children are at increased risk as they are less likely to avoid contact with animals and to report a bite, scratch or lick.

Rabies in Ghana

Rabies is considered a risk and has been reported in domestic animals in this country. Bats may also carry rabies-like viruses.

• Travellers should avoid contact with all animals. Rabies is preventable with prompt post-exposure treatment.
• Following a possible exposure, wounds should be thoroughly cleansed and an urgent local medical assessment sought, even if the wound appears trivial.
• Post-exposure treatment and advice should be in accordance with  national guidelines.

Rabies vaccination

A full course of pre-exposure vaccines simplifies and shortens the course of post-exposure treatment and removes the need for rabies immunoglobulin which is in short supply world-wide.

Pre-exposure vaccinations are recommended for travellers whose activities put them at increased risk including:

• those at risk due to their work (e.g. laboratory staff working with the virus, those working with animals or health workers who may be caring for infected patients).
• those travelling to areas where access to post-exposure treatment and medical care is limited.
• those planning higher risk activities such as running or cycling.
• long-stay travellers (more than one month).

Rabies in brief

Tuberculosis.

TB is a bacterial infection most commonly affecting the lungs but can affect any part of the body. When a person with TB in their lungs or throat coughs or sneezes they could pass TB on to other people. TB is curable but can be serious if not treated.

The BCG vaccination helps to protect some people, particularly babies and young children who are at increased risk from TB.

Tuberculosis in Ghana

This country has reported an annual TB incidence of greater than or equal to 40 cases per 100,000 population at least once in the last five years ( further details ).

Travellers should avoid close contact with individuals known to have infectious pulmonary (lung) or laryngeal (throat) TB.

Those at risk during their work (such as healthcare workers) should take appropriate infection control and prevention precautions.

Tuberculosis (BCG) vaccination

BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk of developing severe disease and/or of exposure to TB infection. See UK Health Security Agency Immunisation against infectious disease, the 'Green Book '.

For travellers, BCG vaccine is recommended for:

• unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live for more than 3 months in this country. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to vaccination for all children from 6 years of age and may be recommended for some younger children.
• unvaccinated, tuberculin skin test-negative individuals at risk due to their work such as healthcare or laboratory workers who have direct contact with TB patients or potentially infectious clinical material and vets and abattoir workers who handle animal material, which could be infected with TB.

There are specific contraindications to BCG vaccine. Health professionals must be trained and assessed as competent to administer this vaccine intradermally.

Following administration, no further vaccines should be administered in the same limb for 3 months.

The BCG vaccine is given once only, booster doses are not recommended.

Tuberculosis in brief

Malaria is a serious illness caused by infection of red blood cells with a parasite called Plasmodium. The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes which predominantly feed between dusk and dawn.

Symptoms usually begin with a fever (high temperature) of 38°C (100°F) or more. Other symptoms may include feeling cold and shivery, headache, nausea, vomiting and aching muscles. Symptoms may appear between eight days and one year after the infected mosquito bite.

Prompt diagnosis and treatment is required as people with malaria can deteriorate quickly. Those at higher risk of malaria, or of severe complications from malaria, include pregnant women, infants and young children, the elderly, travellers who do not have a functioning spleen and those visiting friends and relatives.

Travellers should follow an ABCD guide to preventing malaria:

A wareness of the risk – Risk depends on the specific location, season of travel, length of stay, activities and type of accommodation.

B ite prevention – Travellers should take mosquito bite avoidance measures.

C hemoprophylaxis – Travellers should take antimalarials (malaria prevention tablets) if appropriate for the area (see below). No antimalarials are 100% effective but taking them in combination with mosquito bite avoidance measures will give substantial protection against malaria.

D iagnosis – Travellers who develop a fever of 38°C [100°F] or higher more than one week after being in a malaria risk area, or who develop any symptoms suggestive of malaria within a year of return should seek immediate medical care. Emergency standby treatment may be considered for those going to remote areas with limited access to medical attention.

• There is a high risk of malaria in Ghana: atovaquone/proguanil OR doxycycline  OR  mefloquine recommended

Antimalarial recommendations map

Recommended antimalarials

The recommended antimalarials are listed below. If these are not suitable please seek further specialist advice.

Please note, the advice for children is different, the dose is based on body weight and some antimalarials are not suitable.

Atovaquone/Proguanil

Atovaquone 250mg/Proguanil 100mg combination preparation :

• s tart one to two days before arrival in the malaria risk area
• for adults, one tablet is taken every day, ideally at the same time of day for the duration of the time in a malaria risk area and daily for seven days after leaving the malaria risk area
• take with a fatty meal if possible
• for children paediatric tablets are available and the dose is based on body weight (see table below)

Doxycycline

Doxycycline 100mg :

• start one to two days before arrival in the malaria risk area
• adults and children over 12 years of age take 100mg daily, ideally at the same time of day for the duration of the time in a malaria risk area and daily for four weeks after leaving the malaria risk area
• take with food if possible; avoid taking this drug just before lying down
• not suitable for children under 12 years of age

Mefloquine 250mg :

• this drug is taken weekly, adults take one 250mg tablet each week
• start two to three weeks before arrival in the malaria risk area and continue weekly until four weeks after leaving the malaria risk area
• for children the dose is based on the body weight (see table below)
• Malaria in brief
• Malaria factsheet
• Children's antimalarial dose table
• Malaria prevention guidelines for travellers from the UK

There are some risks that are relevant to all travellers regardless of destination. These may for example include road traffic and other accidents, diseases transmitted by insects or ticks, diseases transmitted by contaminated food and water, sexually transmitted infections, or health issues related to the heat or cold.

Some additional risks (which may be present in all or part of this country) are mentioned below and are presented alphabetically. Select risk to expand information.

Biting insects or ticks

Insect or tick bites can cause irritation and infections of the skin at the site of a bite. They can also spread certain diseases.

Diseases in Western Africa

There is a risk of insect or tick-borne diseases in some areas of West Africa. This includes diseases such as  African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) ,  African tick bite fever ,  chikungunya ,  Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever ,  leishmaniasis ,  Rift Valley fever  and  West Nile virus .

• All travellers should avoid insect and tick bites day and night.
• There are no vaccinations (or medications) to prevent these diseases.

Further information about specific insect or tick-borne diseases for this country can be found, if appropriate on this page, in other sections of the country information pages and the  insect and tick bite avoidance factsheet

Dengue is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes which mainly feed during daytime hours. It causes a flu-like illness, which can occasionally develop into a more serious life-threatening illness. Severe dengue is rare in travellers.

The mosquitoes that spread dengue are more common in towns, cities and surrounding areas.

Dengue in Ghana

There is a risk of dengue in this country.

• Travellers should avoid mosquito bites particularly during daytime hours.
• A dengue vaccine is licensed in the UK for the prevention of dengue disease in individuals from 4 years of age. The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) and World Health Organization are in the process of reviewing the product information. Recommendations on the use of this vaccine will be published in due course.

Dengue in brief

Seasonal influenza is a viral infection of the respiratory tract and spreads easily from person to person via respiratory droplets when coughing and sneezing. Symptoms appear rapidly and include fever, muscle aches, headache, malaise (feeling unwell), cough, sore throat and a runny nose. In healthy individuals, symptoms improve without treatment within two to seven days. Severe illness is more common in those aged 65 years or over, those under 2 years of age, or those who have underlying medical conditions that increase their risk for complications of influenza.

Seasonal influenza in Ghana

Seasonal influenza occurs throughout the world. In the northern hemisphere (including the UK), most influenza occurs from as early as October through to March. In the southern hemisphere, influenza mostly occurs between April and September. In the tropics, influenza can occur throughout the year.

All travellers should:

• Avoid close contact with symptomatic individuals
• Avoid crowded conditions where possible
• Wash their hands frequently
• Practise ‘cough hygiene’: sneezing or coughing into a tissue and promptly discarding it safely, and washing their hands
• Avoid travel if unwell with influenza-like symptoms
• A vaccine is available in certain circumstances (see below)*

*In the UK, seasonal influenza vaccine is offered routinely each year to those at higher risk of developing of severe disease following influenza infection, and certain additional groups such as healthcare workers and children as part of the UK national schedule (see information on vaccination ). For those who do not fall into these groups, vaccination may be available privately.

If individuals at higher risk of severe disease following influenza infection are travelling to a country when influenza is likely to be circulating they should ensure they received a flu vaccination in the previous 12 months.

The vaccine used in the UK protects against the strains predicted to occur during the winter months of the northern hemisphere. It is not possible to obtain vaccine for the southern hemisphere in the UK, but the vaccine used during the UK influenza season should still provide important protection against strains likely to occur during the southern hemisphere influenza season, and in the tropics.

Avian influenza

Avian influenza viruses can rarely infect and cause disease in humans. Such cases are usually associated with close exposure to infected bird or animal populations. Where appropriate, information on these will be available in the outbreaks and news sections of the relevant country pages. Seasonal influenza vaccines will not provide protection against avian influenza.

Avian influenza in brief

Outdoor air quality.

Poor air quality is a significant public health problem in many parts of the world. Exposure to high levels of air pollution over short time periods (e.g. minutes/hours/days) and longer time periods (e.g. years) is linked to many different acute and chronic health problems. These effects are mainly on the respiratory (lungs and airways) and cardiovascular (heart function and blood circulation) systems.

Current information on world air quality is available from the world air quality index project .

Travellers with health problems that might make them more vulnerable to the effects of air pollution who are travelling to areas of high pollution should:

• discuss their travel plans with their doctor, and carry adequate supplies of their regular medication.
• take sensible precautions to minimise their exposure to high levels of air pollution.
• check local air quality data and amend their activities accordingly.
• take notice of any health advisories published by the local Ministry of Health and Department for Environment, and follow the guidance provided.

It is unclear if face masks are beneficial at reducing exposure and may make breathing more difficult for those with pre-existing lung conditions. Those who choose to use one should make sure that the mask fits well and know how to wear it properly.

Outdoor air quality in brief

Schistosomiasis.

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection. Schistosoma larvae are released from infected freshwater snails and can penetrate intact human skin following contact with contaminated freshwater. Travellers may be exposed during activities such as wading, swimming, bathing or washing clothes in freshwater streams, rivers or lakes.

Schistosomiasis infection may cause no symptoms, but early symptoms can include a rash and itchy skin ('swimmer's itch'), fever, chills, cough, or muscle aches. If not treated, it can cause serious long term health problems such as intestinal or bladder disease.

Schistosomiasis in Ghana

There is a risk of schistosomiasis in this country.

• There is no vaccine or tablets to prevent schistosomiasis.
• All travellers should avoid wading, swimming, or bathing in fresh water. Swimming in adequately chlorinated water or sea water is not a risk for schistosomiasis.
• Drink water that is boiled, filtered or bottled.
• Application of insect repellent before exposure to fresh water, or towel drying after possible exposure to schistosomiasis are not reliable in preventing infection.
• All travellers who may have been exposed to schistosomiasis should have a health check to test for schistosomiasis infection.

Schistosomiasis in brief

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes which predominantly feed during daytime hours. A small number of cases of sexual transmission of ZIKV have also been reported. Most people infected with ZIKV have no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they are usually mild and short-lived. Serious complications and deaths are not common. However, ZIKV is a cause of Congenital Zika Syndrome (microcephaly and other congenital anomalies) and neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Zika virus in Ghana

There is a risk of Zika virus in this country. Details of specific affected areas within this country are not available, but information on current outbreaks where available will be reported on our outbreak surveillance database.

Pregnant women should discuss the suitability of travel and the potential risk that Zika virus may present with their health care provider.

• All travellers should avoid mosquito bites particularly during daytime hours.
• There is no vaccination or medication to prevent Zika virus infection.
• Women should avoid becoming pregnant while travelling in this country, and for 2 months (8 weeks) after their last possible Zika virus exposure* (see below if male partner has travelled).
• If a woman develops symptoms compatible with Zika virus infection, it is recommended she avoids becoming pregnant for a further 2 months following recovery.
• Women who visited this country while pregnant, or who become pregnant within 2 months after their last possible Zika virus exposure*, should contact their GP, obstetrician or midwife for further advice, even if they have not been unwell.

Please note screening of returning travellers without Zika virus symptoms is not available on the NHS. Couples planning pregnancy in the very near future should consider whether they should avoid travel to a country or area with risk of Zika virus, rather than delay conception for the recommended period (see below) after travel. This particularly includes couples in assisted fertility programmes.

Prevention of sexual transmission

Couples should follow guidance on prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus and avoid conception as follows:

• If both partners travelled, for 3 months after last possible Zika virus exposure*
• Male traveller only, for 3 months after last possible Zika virus exposure*
• Female traveller only, for 2 months after last possible Zika virus exposure*

See further information for pregnant women, their partners and couples planning pregnancy .

*Last possible Zika virus exposure is defined as the later of either the date of leaving a country or area with risk for Zika virus transmission, or the date on which unprotected sexual contact with a potentially infectious partner took place.

See detailed guidance on factors to consider when assessing the risk of Zika virus.

Zika virus in brief

COVID-19 disease is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV2. The main symptoms of COVID-19 are a new continuous cough, a high temperature, and a loss of, or change in, normal sense of taste or smell. Symptoms range from mild to life-threatening. Older people and  those with underlying health problems  are more likely to develop severe disease.

COVID-19 is spread through close contact with people who have the virus. It is mainly transmitted from person to person by breathing in droplets produced when someone infected with the virus breathes, speaks, coughs or sneezes. It is also spread by touching the infected droplets on surfaces, then touching the eyes, nose or mouth.

COVID-19 vaccines provide high levels of protection against severe illness, hospitalisation, or dying from the virus. Vaccination against COVID-19 reduces, but does not eliminate the risk of infection, so social distancing and personal and respiratory hygiene remain important interventions, particularly during overseas travel.

Travellers should always check the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) travel advice and their  country-specific pages  for the latest COVID-19 travel advisories which may include information on travel restrictions, quarantine, COVID-19 testing or vaccination requirements. This includes considering the recommendations and requirements for any transit countries.

Travellers should be aware that COVID-19 case numbers in individual countries/areas can increase rapidly, and healthcare capacity and country requirements can change at short notice.

COVID-19 in Ghana

Most countries worldwide present a risk of exposure to COVID-19. The risk of COVID-19, public health policy, and travel advice or restrictions may change quickly, therefore travellers should ensure they have access to up to date information on COVID-19 and be prepared for rapid changes in guidance both before and during travel.

All travellers should check the FCDO travel advice and carefully consider their personal situation and risks of COVID-19 before travel to this country. This is particularly important in those at higher risk from COVID-19 who may wish to seek medical advice before travel.

Individuals entering or returning to the UK may be required to follow additional  UK border measures .

If travelling to this country, travellers should:

• Consider the risk at all destinations including any transit countries, and the risk during travel itself.
• Check with the airline/tour operator about preventive measures in place to reduce risk during travel.
• Follow the latest guidance on social distancing and face coverings, including any local requirements and maintain good hand, respiratory, and personal hygiene at all times. This may be particularly important if staying with friends and family.
• Ensure they are up to date with their COVID-19 vaccination courses and boosters as recommended in the UK vaccination programme.

See  guidance on factors to consider when assessing the risk of COVID-19 for travellers .

If travellers develop COVID-19 symptoms while abroad, they should:

• Follow local guidelines on self-isolation, testing and avoiding travel.
• Contact their travel insurance provider.
• Seek medical advice if needed.

COVID-19 in brief

Changes to the Country Information pages: Zika

UK Health Security Agency and NaTHNaC have reviewed and updated country-specific Zika information and prevention advice

Malaria: a reminder for travellers over the winter holiday season

Advice for travellers and health professionals about malaria

Using information collated from a variety of sources, we regularly review and update information on overseas disease outbreaks and other health issues that may affect the UK traveller.

Please note that not all cases of disease or outbreaks are reported ; some diseases may only be reported if they occur outside of the usual recognised risk area or season, or they have been reported in greater than usual numbers.

Further information on the Outbreak Surveillance section.

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On 2 May 2023, the Ghana Health Service declared the end of the Lassa fever outbreak in the Greater Accra Region. The declaration was made following 42 days that had elapsed since the last case was discharged, which is twice the maximum incubation period for Lassa fever.

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GHANA ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

All persons entering Ghana must have a valid passport or Travel Document establishing the identity of the holder.

THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES OF PERSONS ARE EXEMPT FROM ENTRY VISA REQUIREMENTS TO GHANA:

Citizens from the below-listed ECOWAS Member States Benin Burkina Faso Cape Verde Côte d’Ivoire The Gambia, Guinea Bissau Guinea, Guinea-Bissau Liberia Mali Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Togo

HOLDERS OF DIPLOMATIC SERVICE OR OFFICIAL PASSPORTS OF THE COUNTRIES LISTED BELOW:

Brazil, Cuba, Germany, *Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China Iran, Namibia, Egypt NB: Exemptions category B above shall be for a period not exceeding ninety (90) days from the date of entry.

All nationals of the following countries: Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Singapore South Africa, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Zimbabwe **Children with ordinary passports accompanying holders of diplomatic, service, or official passports accredited to Ghana or South Africa are exempt from entry visa requirements.

LIST OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS WITH WHICH GHANA HAS CONCLUDED VISA EXEMPTION AGREEMENTS

Holders of passports of Regional Economic Communities in Africa and the African Economic Community, United Nations and its Specialized Agencies: The World Bank African Development Bank AIR-SIDE TRANSIT All persons in direct air side transit are exempt from visa requirements.

The following category of persons may not be granted entry visas: Prohibited immigrants A person without visible means of support An undesirable person On the advice of the health authorities, an individual may be refused entry into Ghana

IMPORTANT IMMIGRATION NOTICE

Individuals intending to travel to Ghana must note that;

The possession of the appropriate documents does not confer a right of entry; Travelers may be refused entry into Ghana if they fall within the category of prohibited immigrants and; If they do not satisfy immigration requirements at the point of entry. The Government of Ghana will not be financially liable for their repatriation.

OTHER RELEVANT ADDITIONAL INFORMATION BEFORE ENTRY INTO GHANA

Immigrant Quota – Persons who enter Ghana ostensibly as visitors may not be permitted to take employment. No person shall be permitted to accept employment or undertake an occupation for reward in Ghana unless such employment is within an authorized Immigrant Quota (an immigrant quota being the number of non-Ghanaians that a person or firm can employ). An application for Immigrant Quota must be made to:

THE SECRETARY IMMIGRANT QUOTA COMMITTEE MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR P.O. BOX M. 42 ACCRA, GHANA

An approval for an Immigrant Quota for a foreign employee must be obtained before proceeding to Ghana.

Prospective Investors must register with the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC). Application for the extension of visa or automatic quota must be accompanied by a supporting letter from the GIPC confirming the status of the Investor.

Investors interested in the Mining Sector must register with the Minerals Commission an approved Mining Services Company. Application for the extension of visa or Immigrant Quota must be accompanied by a supporting letter from the Minerals Commission confirming status.

PROFESSIONALS

It is an offence for foreign doctors, dentists, lawyers, pharmacists and other specific professionals to practice their profession in Ghana unless they register in accordance with the ordinances of their respective professions.

All professionals wishing to enter Ghana to practice one of the above-mentioned professions are required to provide particulars of their qualifications to help determine their eligibility for registration.

Foreign professionals such as doctor, lawyers, and pharmacists among others must be registered in accordance with the laws of their respective professions to practice in Ghana.

Professionals wishing to practice in Ghana are required to provide documentation of their qualifications to help determine registration eligibility.

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18 things to know before traveling to Ghana

Mar 7, 2024 • 7 min read

Whether you're a first-time visitor or returning for more, here's what you need to know to prepare for your trip to Ghana © Houssam Ghandour / Getty Images

Travelers have plenty to look forward to on their trip to culturally rich Ghana .

Welcoming Ghana is considered one of the friendliest spots in West Africa, and with its compelling history, vibrant clothing prints and flavorful dishes , tourists keep coming back for more.

Life in Ghana generally moves at a slow, relaxed pace, but it can also be chaotic and fast in different settings. Embrace the cultural differences, mass traffic and intense bargaining, and you may fall in love with the place. Whether you're a first-time visitor or returning once again, here's what you need to know to prepare for your trip to Ghana.

1. Gather the necessary documents for entry

Getting the paperwork together to visit Ghana is a process on its own and can be pricey. All visitors to Ghana must have a valid visa , and they range in cost depending on whether you apply for a single-entry or multiple-entry visa. Your visa for Ghana can take nearly three weeks to arrive unless you shell out extra for an expedited service.

A yellow fever vaccine is also required for entry into Ghana. Check with your local health department or medical clinics to get vaccinated. Malaria pills are also strongly recommended for visitors and can be prescribed by your doctor. If you can't get your hands on them before coming, pharmacies in Ghana have plenty in stock, and they tend to be a lot cheaper.

2. Carry a copy of your passport

If you plan to visit different cities outside of Accra , be sure to print a copy of your passport to keep in your bag as you travel around the country. Police stops are common, and officers are known to ask for passport information.

3. Forget you have a left hand

In Ghana, actions like eating, waving and handing an item to someone are to be done with your right hand only (sorry, left-handers!). From an early age, many Ghanaians are taught that their left hand is to be used for cleaning themselves in the bathroom. Therefore, your left hand is considered filthy and should not be used for eating and other activities. Using your left hand for gestures and main tasks is considered highly disrespectful.

4. Eating with your hands is a cultural practice

Soup-based meals are paired with a starch staple food like fufu or banku and eaten with your hands (remember the right-hand rule!). Be observant of how those around you are eating, embrace the culture and dig in.

5. Keep your thumbs down 

While the thumbs-up gesture in many places signifies approval, in Ghana, it shows disrespect. 

6. Always greet others 

Greetings in Ghana are a big deal, and it’s considered rude to not greet others. When you enter a room, you should say hello, good morning, good afternoon or good evening. When you meet a group of adults and greet them with a handshake, start with the person on the farthest right. 

7. Respect your elders

Respect for elders is immense in Ghana. You should not greet elders with a hat on your head. If you are wearing a hat, take it off completely or lift it halfway while extending your greeting. Give up your seat on the bus for those older than you. Crossing your legs and having your hands in your pockets in the presence of elders are gestures that are frowned upon. 

8. Be mindful of clothing cultures from city to city

Ghanaian clothing culture tends to lean more towards the conservative side. Accra is more relaxed, and you’re likely to see more shorts and crop tops. However, people elsewhere tend to cover up, so bring clothing that covers your chest and shoulders and reaches or goes past your knees.

9. Learn common phrases in Twi and other languages 

Ghana is home to many different languages and ethnic groups. Twi, Ewe, Ga and Krobo are a few of many languages spoken depending on the region. English is widely spoken, but it's important to remember that not everyone speaks it, especially once you are out of Accra and into rural parts of Ghana. Learning a few phrases in the local language is always appreciated and embraced by Ghanaians.

10. Watch your belongings

Pickpocketing and instances of petty theft might be the biggest concern you'll have in Ghana. Pickpocketing can be prevalent in crowded areas like Osu, Madina and Makola Market. Always keep your bag in front of you and away from the roadside to avoid snatching incidents. Don't carry a large amount of cash on you.

Your phone should always be in sight and accounted for. Motorcyclists in Accra are known to snatch phones out of the hands of people as they are passing by both in cars and when walking. It is wise to never stick your phone out of a car window for pictures and videos.

11. Expect the police to stop you

Police stops in Ghana occur frequently, mainly at night but they can happen throughout the day. Your vehicle can be randomly searched by officers, and they may ask for ID and search your bag. These searches usually last for about five minutes, and it is best to comply. 

Bribery is common in Ghana, and you may be asked to "dash" officers, which means tip. You can choose to give it or not as it's often only C10 to C20 (US$0.95 to US$1.90), but it may make the difference between a five-minute stop and a 40-minute one.

Police encounters in Ghana are generally nothing to worry about. Officers may have a “tough guy” attitude, but as you talk to them more, the guard comes down and they are usually friendly. 

12. Be wary of swift romantic encounters

It’s easy to meet new people in Ghana, and conversations are always flowing. People are open to new connections and tend to get close quickly at times, but be careful of fast-moving romantic approaches and those who immediately ask for favors or money. Scams are common in Ghana and can occur in romantic encounters.

13. Be sure to carry cash

When you’re in Ghana, always have some cash on you, or you may find yourself stuck. Not every establishment accepts card payments, and if they do, the POS systems are often down. ATMs are everywhere in Ghana, so getting cash is easy. You can still bring both credit and debit cards, but be prepared that not everywhere in Ghana will accept them.

Forex Bureau exchange shops will change your cash to Ghanaian cedis. Large denomination bills (100s) will get you a higher exchange rate.

14. Avoid drinking the water 

Drinking tap water in Ghana is not a good idea because there’s no guarantee that the water has gone through the proper measures to ensure it is safe. Boil your water or use a water filter before you drink it.

15. Expect weak wi-fi in most areas

Ask your accommodation about wi-fi speeds before your arrival if you plan to use it. Even if internet speeds aren’t the best where you’re staying, you can find reliable spots such as Vida e Caffè and Basecamp Initiative .  

16. Use cash for Uber and Bolt

Download Uber and Bolt before you arrive. While paying by card is an option on both apps, don’t plan on using it. Many drivers prefer cash and will cancel your ride if they find out you are paying using your card, or it could be an issue once you arrive at your destination. You can always ask the driver to stop at an ATM before the final drop-off point. 

17. Get a local phone number

Ghana is a place where verbal conversations are preferred over texting and online communication. You can get a local SIM card at Vodafone , a phone carrier at A&C Mall in Accra, so that you have a Ghanaian number. Drivers often call their passengers to find out exactly where they are.

18. Never underestimate Accra traffic 

Accra traffic is nothing to be played with. You may see an attraction that you want to check out that is only 15 minutes away from your accommodations but it might take an hour and a half simply because of the volume of traffic. It's best not to set reservations for a place if you don't have to. While traffic and delays can be extremely frustrating, you’ll have to learn to go with the flow.

This article was first published Mar 11, 2022 and updated Mar 7, 2024.

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Travel Advisory November 20, 2023

Ghana - level 2: exercise increased caution.

Updated to reflect threats against LGBTQI+ travelers.

Exercise increased caution in Ghana due to crime and violence against members of the LGBTQI+ community . Some areas have increased risk. Read the entire Travel Advisory.

Exercise increased caution in:

• Parts of the Bono East, Bono, Savannah, Northern, North East, and Upper East regions due to civil unrest.

Country summary:  Violent crimes, such as carjacking and street mugging, do occur. These crimes often happen at night and in isolated locations. Exercise increased caution specifically due to crime:

• In urban areas and crowded markets
• When traveling by private or public transportation after dark as criminal elements may use blockades to slow down and restrict movement of vehicles
• In areas near the northern border in the Upper East and Upper West regions

The U.S. government has limited ability to provide emergency services to U.S. citizens. Local police may lack the resources to respond effectively to more serious crimes.

LGBTQI+ Travelers: Ghanaian law contains prohibitions on “unlawful carnal knowledge” – generally interpreted as any kind of sexual intimacy – between persons of the same sex. Punishments can include fines and/or incarceration. Anti-LGBTQI+ rhetoric and violence have increased in recent years. Members of the LGBTQI+ community have reported safety incidents that include targeted assault, rape, mob attacks, and harassment due to their identity.

Read the country information page for additional information on travel to Ghana.

If you decide to travel to Ghana:

• See our LGBTQI+ Travel Information page and section 6 of our Human Rights Report for further details.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program ( STEP ) to receive alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Follow the Department of State on Facebook and Twitter .
• Review the Country Security Report for Ghana.
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the Traveler’s Checklist .
• Visit the CDC page for the latest Travel Health Information related to your travel.

Areas Near the Northern Border in the Upper East and Upper West Regions – Level 2: Exercise Increased Caution

U.S. citizens traveling in Ghana should exercise caution while visiting border areas, in particular the northern border, and be sure to read Security Alerts affecting those areas. Due to security concerns over criminal activity in remote areas, travel of U.S. government personnel to the northern and northwestern border is currently limited.

Visit our website for Travel to High-Risk Areas .

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No. 24 Fourth Circular Road, Cantonments, Accra Ghana Telephone:  +233-(0)30-274-1000 Emergency After-Hours Telephone:  +233-(0)30-274-1000 Email:   [email protected]

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Entry, Exit and Visa Requirements

Visit the  Embassy of Ghana  website for the most current visa information.

Proof of Yellow Fever vaccination is required upon arrival in Ghana for anyone over nine months of age.

Foreign nationals who are over six years old and who have been physically present in Ghana for a cumulative period of 90 days or more during a calendar year are required to register with the National Identification Authority (NIA). The NIA will issue registered foreign nationals a non-citizen Ghana card. The non-citizen Ghana card will be necessary for all transactions that require identification, i.e. opening bank accounts, obtaining work permits, acquiring driver’s licenses, etc.

A list of permanent registration centers, fee requirements, and answers to frequently asked questions can be found on the  NIA website .

The U.S. Department of State is unaware of any HIV/AIDS entry restrictions for visitors to or foreign residents of Ghana.

Find information on  dual nationality ,  prevention of international child abduction,  and  customs regulations  on our websites.

Safety and Security

West Africa faces an increased threat from transnational terrorist groups. Terrorists have targeted Westerners in Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Niger, Benin, and Mali.

For more information, see our  Terrorism  page.

Crime:   Violent crimes, such as armed robbery and kidnapping, occasionally occur. Robberies on highways are of particular concern, especially at night. Armed robbers also sometimes target vehicles coming from Kotoka International Airport. If your car is hit by another car while you are driving, go directly to the nearest police station to report the incident. Reports of residential robberies continue to be on the rise.

Street crime remains a serious problem in Accra and other large cities. Thieves carry out crimes of opportunity, such as “snatch & grabs,” on city streets in isolated areas as well as from vehicles idling in traffic. Pickpockets are also prevalent in crowded areas.

Luggage and travel document theft occurs at Kotoka International Airport in Accra and in hotels across Ghana. Keep your documents secure at all times, and don’t leave your baggage unattended. Be wary of all offers of unsolicited assistance at the airport from anyone other than uniformed porters or officials.

Credit card fraud is common. Exercise caution when using credit and ATM cards in Ghana. It is very common for scammers to tamper with credit card terminals. Skimming is the primary means of credit card fraud, and is undetectable until fraudulent charges appear on statements. If you choose to use a credit card anywhere in Ghana, monitor your credit card activity closely.

There are a number of ongoing chieftaincy disputes in Ghana that generally involve competition over limited resources. Several of these disputes have erupted into violence and unrest during recent years. Exercise caution in rural areas and remain alert to outbreaks of unrest. Please see the Travel & Transportation section for more information.  

Refer to the  Ghana Travel Advisory  and the  U.S. Embassy Accra website  for the most updated safety and security information.  

For further information about crime trends in Ghana, the Ghana Police Service Criminal Investigations Department issues advisories on the  Ghana Police Service site .

Demonstrations  occur frequently. They may take place in response to political or economic issues, on politically significant holidays, and during international events. 

• Even demonstrations intended to be peaceful can turn confrontational and possibly become violent. 
• Avoid areas around protests and demonstrations. 
• Check local media for updates and traffic advisories. 

International Financial Scams:  See the  Department of State  and the  FBI  pages for information.

Internet romance and financial scams are prevalent in Ghana. Scams are often initiated through Internet postings/profiles or by unsolicited emails and letters. Scammers almost always pose as U.S. citizens who have no one else to turn to for help. Common scams include:  

• Romance/online dating 
• Money transfers
• Lucrative sales
• Gold purchase
• Contracts with promises of large commissions
• Grandparent/relative targeting 
• Free trip/luggage 
• Inheritance notices
• Work permits/job offers
• Bank overpayments

Victims of Crime:  U.S. citizen victims of sexual assault are encouraged to contact the U.S. Embassy for assistance. Report crimes to the local police at +233 (0)30-277-3906 and contact the U.S. Embassy at +233-(0)30-274-1000 ext. 1570. Remember that local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crime.

See our webpage on  help for U.S. victims of crime overseas .

• Help you find appropriate medical care.
• Assist you in reporting a crime to the police.
• Contact relatives or friends with your written consent.
• Explain the local criminal justice process in general terms.
• Provide a list of local attorneys.
• Provide our information on  victim’s compensation programs in the United States.
• Provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States and/or limited medical support in cases of destitution.
• Help you find accommodation and arrange flights home.
• Replace a stolen or lost passport.

Domestic Violence : U.S. citizen victims of domestic violence may contact the Embassy for assistance.

Tourism : The tourism industry is unevenly regulated outside of the major cities, and safety inspections for equipment and facilities may not commonly occur. Hazardous areas/activities are not always identified with appropriate signage, and staff may not be trained or certified either by the host government or by recognized authorities in the field. In the event of an injury, appropriate medical treatment is typically available only in/near major cities. First responders are generally unable to easily access areas outside of major cities to provide urgent medical treatment. U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance. See our webpage for more  information on insurance providers for overseas coverage .

Maritime Security : Piracy and armed robbery in the Gulf of Guinea continue to trend upwards. Pirates/armed groups operating in the region typically carry out attacks on vessels using automatic weapons. Attacks, kidnappings for ransom, and robbery of crew, passengers, and ship’s property continue to be common occurrences.

Local Laws & Special Circumstances

Criminal Penalties : You are subject to local laws. If you violate local laws, even unknowingly, you may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned. Individuals establishing a business or practicing a profession that requires additional permits or licensing should seek information from the competent local authorities prior to practicing or operating a business. 

Public smoking is illegal in Ghana. The U.S. Embassy is aware of arrests for cigarette smoking in public places, but has not received reports of prosecutions.

Be aware that building construction standards are often lower than those found in the United States. These lower standards have contributed to building collapses, fires, and electrical shock.

In recent years, U.S. citizens have reported substantial financial losses from questionable transactions involving gold and other precious metals. The Government of Ghana maintains strict regulations on these natural resources. All agents must be licensed and all transactions must be certified.

Furthermore, some laws are also prosecutable in the United States, regardless of local law. For examples, see our website on  crimes against minors abroad  and the  Department of Justice  website.

Arrest Notification : If you are arrested or detained, ask police or prison officials to notify the U.S. Embassy immediately. See our  webpage  for further information.

Swimming in coastal waters is dangerous and strongly discouraged, even for excellent swimmers. The ocean currents along the coast are powerful and treacherous, and several people drown each year.

Faith-Based Travelers : See the following webpages for details:

• Faith-Based Travel Information
• International Religious Freedom Report  – see country reports
• Human Rights Report  – see country reports
• Hajj Fact Sheet for Travelers
• Best Practices for Volunteering Abroad

LGBTI Travelers : Ghana’s criminal code outlaws “unnatural carnal knowledge,” which is frequently interpreted by local authorities as consensual same-sex sexual relations. This is criminalized as a misdemeanor in Ghana. The U.S. Embassy is aware of arrests and related extortion attempts for such activities, but has not received reports of prosecutions.

See our  LGBTI Travel Information  page and section 6 of our  Human Rights report  for further details.

Travelers Who Require Accessibility Assistance : You may find accessibility and accommodation very different from what you find in the United States. Ghana’s Persons with Disabilities Act (2006) explicitly prohibits discrimination against persons with physical, sensory, intellectual, and mental disabilities in employment, health care, air travel and other transportation, and other domains. The government does not systematically or overtly discriminate against persons with disabilities, but such persons may experience societal discrimination.

Furthermore, the law provides persons with disabilities access to public buildings “as far as is practical.” However, most buildings, transportation, and educational facilities do not provide for people with special needs. Because many streets are unpaved or not well-maintained, and sidewalks are not prevalent, individuals in wheelchairs or who have difficulty walking face challenges.

Students :  See our  Students Abroad  page and  FBI travel tips .

Women Travelers : Rape is a crime in Ghana punishable by five to 25 years in prison. However, rape is significantly underreported and remains a serious problem. Domestic violence is a crime punishable by up to two years in prison and/or a fine. Police rarely respond to reports of domestic violence.

See our travel tips for  Women Travelers .

Medical facilities in Ghana are limited, particularly outside the capital, Accra. You should carry adequate supplies of any needed prescription medicines, along with copies of your prescriptions, the generic name of the drugs, and a supply of preferred over-the-counter medications.

Mosquito-borne illnesses, such as Malaria, Yellow Fever, and Dengue are a significant problem, and prevention of bites and proper Yellow Fever immunization are important for all areas. 

While in Ghana, you should carry and use insect repellents containing either 20 percent DEET, picaridin, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or IR3535; treat clothing and tents with permethrin; and sleep in screened or air-conditioned rooms under insecticide-impregnated mosquito nets.

Refer to the CDC website for  health information for travelers to Ghana.

For emergency services in Ghana, dial 211.

Ambulance services are:

• Not widely available, and training and availability of emergency responders may be below U.S. standards. 
• Not equipped with state-of-the-art medical equipment.  
• Not staffed with trained paramedics, and often have little or no medical equipment. 
• Injured or seriously ill travelers may prefer to take a taxi or private vehicle to the nearest major hospital rather than wait for an ambulance.  

We do not pay medical bills.  Be aware that U.S. Medicare/Medicaid does not apply overseas. Most hospitals and doctors overseas do not accept U.S. health insurance.

Medical Insurance : Make sure your health insurance plan provides coverage overseas. Most care providers overseas only accept cash payments. See our webpage for more information on insurance providers for overseas coverage. Visit the  U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  for more information on type of insurance you should consider before you travel overseas.

We strongly recommend supplemental insurance to cover medical evacuation.

Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription. Check with the Ghana Food and Drugs Authority to ensure the medication is legal in Ghana.

Vaccinations:  Be up-to-date on all  vaccinations  recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Further health information:

• World Health Organization
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  (CDC)  

Air Quality:  Visit  AirNow Department of State  for information on air quality at U.S. Embassies and Consulates. 

The U.S. Embassy maintains a list of doctors and hospitals.   We do not endorse or recommend any specific medical provider or clinic. 

Health Facilities in General :

• Public medical clinics lack basic resources and supplies.  
• Hospitals and doctors often require payment “up front” prior to service or admission. Credit card payment is not always available. Most hospitals and medical professionals require cash payment. 
• Private hospitals usually require advance payment or proof of adequate insurance before admitting a patient.  
• Generally, in public hospitals only minimal staff is available overnight in non-emergency wards.
• Patients bear all costs for transfer to or between hospitals. 

Medical Tourism and Elective Surgery :

• Medical tourism is a rapidly growing industry. People seeking health care overseas should understand that medical systems operate differently from those in the United States, and are not subject to the same rules and regulations. Anyone interested in traveling for medical purposes should consult with their local physician before traveling.
• Visit the  U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  website for information on medical tourism, the risks of medical tourism, and what you can do to prepare before traveling to Ghana. 
• We strongly recommend  supplemental insurance  to cover medical evacuation in the event of unforeseen medical complications.  

Pharmaceuticals :

• Exercise caution when purchasing medication overseas. Pharmaceuticals, both over the counter and requiring prescriptions in the United States, are often readily available for purchase with little controls. Counterfeit medication is common, and may prove to be ineffective, the wrong strength, or contain dangerous ingredients. Medication should be purchased in consultation with a medical professional and from reputable establishments.  
• U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Food and Drug Administration are responsible for rules governing the transport of medication back to the United States. Medication purchased abroad must meet their requirements to be legally brought back into the United States. Medication should be for personal use and must be approved for usage in the United States. Please visit the  U.S. Customs and Border Protection  and the  Food and Drug Administration  websites for more information.   

Assisted Reproductive Technology and Surrogacy :

• If you are considering traveling to Ghana to have a child through use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) or surrogacy, please see our  ART and Surrogacy Abroad page . 

Water Quality :

• In many areas, tap water is not potable. Bottled water and beverages are generally safe, although you should be aware that many restaurants and hotels serve tap water unless bottled water is specifically requested. Be aware that ice for drinks may be made using tap water. 

Adventure Travel :

• Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website for more information about  Adventure Travel . 

General Health :

The following diseases are prevalent:

• Dengue Fever
• Diarrheal Illness
• Meningococcal Meningitis
• Tuberculosis
• Schistosomiasis
• Typhoid Fever
• Use the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-recommended mosquito repellents and sleep under insecticide-impregnated mosquito nets. Chemoprophylaxis is recommended for all travelers, even for short stays.
• HIV/AIDS: Please visit https://www.ghanaids.gov.gh/ for information about HIV/AIDS in Ghana.  
• Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website for more information about  Resources for Travelers  regarding specific issues in Ghana.   

Air Quality :

• Air pollution is a significant problem in several major cities in Ghana. Consider the impact seasonal smog and heavy particulate pollution may have on you, and consult your doctor before traveling if necessary.   
• Infants, children, and teens. 
• People over 65 years of age. 
• People with lung disease, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. 
• People with heart disease or diabetes. 
• People who work or are active outdoors. 

Travel and Transportation

Road Conditions and Safety : Main roads in major cities are generally paved and well-maintained. Secondary roads and many roads outside of major cities are mostly in poor condition. Many accidents occur on the highway from Accra to Cape Coast. Travel in darkness, particularly outside the major cities, is extremely hazardous due to poor street lighting and the unpredictable behavior of pedestrians, bicyclists, and animals. Aggressive drivers, poorly maintained vehicles, and overloaded vehicles pose serious threats to road safety.

Scammers may intentionally bump into vehicles and pretend to be hit. They then attempt to extort money from the vehicle’s occupants. Scams of this nature most commonly occur in congested urban areas.

There has been an increase in robberies on the highways from Bole-to-Wa and Kintampo-to-Tamale, as well as on other minor roads within parts of the Upper West, Upper East, Northern, Eastern, Bono, Bono East, and Ahafo Regions. Embassy personnel are not permitted to travel at night outside of major cities, and are encouraged to avoid the areas listed in our  Travel Advisory . Remain vigilant, and drive with doors locked and windows up.

Traffic Laws : Travelers are routinely stopped at police checkpoints throughout Ghana, and vehicles and passengers may be searched. Drivers must possess an international driver’s license (available from  AAA  and the  American Automobile Touring Alliance ) or a Ghanaian driver’s license. When foreign drivers apply for their Ghanaian driver’s license, they may be asked to have their international driver’s license or their home country driver’s license confirmed by their embassy. The U.S. Embassy in Ghana is unable to authenticate such state-issued or international drivers’ licenses, and advises U.S. citizens to contact the National Identification Authority in Ghana or have their U.S. driver’s license authenticated in the United States prior to arriving in Ghana. While in Ghana, you should carry documentation of your immigration status, such as a passport and a visa.

Public Transportation : Safety standards for small private buses, often called tro-tros, are substandard.

See our  Road Safety page  for more information. Visit the website of  Ghana’s national tourist office and national authority responsible for road safety.

Aviation Safety Oversight : The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has assessed the government of Ghana’s Civil Aviation Authority as not being in compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards for oversight of Ghana’s air carrier operations. Further information may be found on the  FAA’s safety assessment page .

Due to safety concerns, Ghana Civil Aviation Authority prohibits transporting via air carrier any Samsung Galaxy Note 7 phone device.

Maritime Travel : Mariners planning travel to Ghana should also check for  U.S. maritime advisories and alerts . Information may also be posted to the  U.S. Coast Guard homeport website , and the  NGA broadcast warnings .

For additional travel information

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive security messages and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).
• See the  State Department’s travel website  for the  Worldwide Caution  and  Travel Advisories .
• Follow us on  Twitter  and  Facebook .
• See  traveling safely abroad  for useful travel tips.

Review information about International Parental Child Abduction in Ghana . For additional IPCA-related information, please see the  International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act ( ICAPRA )  report.”

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Travel Vaccines and Advice for Ghana

Ghana is considered a good and welcoming place, especially for first-time travellers to Africa. Tourism is a growing industry in Ghana.

Ghana presents a lot of opportunities to experience Africa through national parks, nature reserves and villages.

English is the official language of Ghana. But, not always the primary language people speak. Local languages also include Ga, Twi and Ewe.

The largest city, Accra is also the capital city of Ghana. Accra is a growing city with modern amenities of hotels, restaurants and a vast number of museums.

Do I Need Vaccines for Ghana?

Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Ghana. The National Travel Health Network and Centre and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Ghana: hepatitis A , hepatitis B , typhoid , cholera , yellow fever , rabies , meningitis , polio and tetanus .

See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunisations:

• Hepatitis A – Food & Water – Recommended for most travellers to the region, especially if unvaccinated.
• Hepatitis B – Blood & Body Fluids – Recommended for travellers to most regions.
• Tetanus – Wounds or Breaks in Skin – Recommended for travellers to most regions, especially if not previously vaccinated.
• Typhoid – Food & Water – Jab lasts 3 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator.
• Cholera – Food & Water – Recommended for travel to most regions.
• Yellow Fever – Mosquito – Required for all travellers over 9 months of age.
• Rabies – Saliva of Infected Animals – High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-stay travellers and those who may come in contact with animals.
• Meningitis – Airborne & Direct Contact – Located in the meningitis belt, vaccination is recommended during the dry season (Dec. – June)
• Polio – Food & Water – Recommended for some travellers to this region. Single adult booster recommended.

See the tables below for more information:

Documentation of yellow fever vaccination is required in Ghana. Ensure you are vaccinated before you go or you may be denied entry to the country.

Meningitis spreads in the region during the summer months. A meningitis vaccination is the best form of protection against this potentially deadly disease.

Malaria , dengue and chikungunya are all present in Ghana. Be sure to bring antimalarials, mosquito repellents and netting to stay protected whilst in-country.

Outside of Accra, access to medical facilities is limited. Ensure to bring any prescriptions you will need.

Visit our vaccinations page to learn more. Travel safely with Passport Health and schedule your appointment today by calling or book online now .

Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Ghana?

A visa is required for all travel to Ghana. Passports must have at least six months validity. Proof of yellow fever vaccination is required to enter the country. If you do not have proof of vaccination, you may be vaccinated on site, quarantined or returned to your previous location.

Sources: Embassy of Ghana and GOV.UK

What is the Climate Like in Ghana?

The majority of Ghana is a tropical savanna climate, with a small part of the southwest being a monsoon climate.

North Ghana experiences its rainy season from March-November. South Ghana’s rainy season is from April to mid-November.

Average temperatures range from 21 to 28 degrees.

How Safe is Ghana?

Ghana is facing an increased threat from terrorist groups. Kidnapping that target Westerners have occurred in Cote d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Mali.

Petty crime and scams are the most common crime that travellers face. Armed robbery and money solicitations at airports are on the rise.

Always remember to travel in groups and avoid travelling at night.

Homosexuality is illegal in Ghana and imprisonment can be from 3-10 years.

Remember that local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crime.

Coastal Forts in Ghana

The coastal forts of Ghana are a page out of history that helped create progress in Ghana’s modern world.

One of the largest forts in Ghana is the Cape Coast Castle that overlooks the sea. It was one of the world’s largest slave-holding sites and it still reflects the horror of that time.

The castle holds dungeons where slaves were held up to twelve weeks. In contrast, the castle also has a lavish governor’s bedroom to illustrate the inequality of the age.

Other forts to check out in Ghana include Fort Metal Cross, Fort Batenstein and Osu Castle.

What Should I Take To Ghana?

Here are some essential items to consider for your trip to Ghana:

• Prescription Medicine – You can get basic medicine at pharmacies, but formulas may be different.
• Water Filtration – Because of the risk of cholera, typhoid and other water-borne diseases, filtration is a must. Be sure to bring a filter or cleansing tablets.
• Money – Bring travellers cheques or credit card and cash them at an ATM. Don’t use credit cards to buy items as credit card fraud is high.

Embassy of the United Kingdom in Ghana

If you are in Ghana and have an emergency (for example, been attacked, arrested or someone has died) contact the nearest consular services. Contact the embassy before arrival if you have additional questions on entry requirements, safety concerns or are in need of assistance.

British High Commission Accra Julius Nyerere Link, off Gamel Abdul Nasser Avenue PO Box 296 Accra Ghana Telephone: + 233 302 213 250 Emergency Phone: + 233 302 213 250 Fax: + 233 30 2213 274 Contact Form: Click Here

If you have any questions about travelling to Ghana or are wondering which jabs you may need for your trip, schedule an appointment with your local Passport Health travel medicine clinic. Ring us up at or book online now and protect yourself today.

On This Page: Do I Need Vaccines for Ghana? Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Ghana? What is the Climate Like in Ghana? How Safe is Ghana? Coastal Forts in Ghana What Should I Take To Ghana? Embassy of the United Kingdom in Ghana

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Ghana Travel Guide: Everything You Need to Know Before Visiting Ghana (2024)

Ghana, a small country on the West coast of Africa, is one of the most accessible and safe destinations in the region. And it is packed with exciting historical and cultural things to do, as well as countless outdoor adventures.

Beautiful Ghana is one of my favourite places on earth. Having spent more than six months there, it feels like a second home. From the paradise beaches in the west of the country, the remote adventures in north near Tamale or the pulsating energy of Accra. I would happily return every year for the rest of my life to soak up the life, spirit and charm of Ghana.

2019 was the Year of the Return, a global campaign to encourage those with Ghanaian ancestry to return and experience Ghana.

In the 1600s, Ghana was a major part of the transatlantic slave trade, with the castle at Cape Coast being the departure point for enslaved Africans from across the continent. From here, men and women from countries across West Africa were sent in boats in perilous conditions to the ‘New World’. Last year, Ghana’s campaign welcomed thousands with African heritage to retrace the journey of their ancestors, a highly emotional and spiritual experience.

If you haven’t been to Ghana yet, then you’re in for a colourful, vibrant experience. Aspects of life in Ghana can be a little hectic, and a little frustrating at times but if you prepare well, then it may well be one of the best adventures of your life! Read on to find out more.

Essential Things to Know About Ghana

History in ghana.

Before delving into this guide, it’s important to touch upon some of Ghana’s history. Its past is very complex, and Ghana had been colonised by European nations for over 2,000 years. The country gained independence from British colonisation in 1957. It was known as the Gold Coast before being renamed as the Republic of Ghana.

Ghana was the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to gain independence post-colonialism. Its president at the time, Kwame Krumah was highly celebrated for leading the nation to independence and there are many tributes and buildings dedicated to him, especially in Accra.

The flag of Ghana is red, yellow and green, with a central black star representing Ghana’s emancipation from European rule.

Ancient Ghana used to occupy a larger land area, which incorporated modern-day Mali, Senegal and Mauritania. Clashes between tribes gradually drove people towards the coast. Today, the Ashanti tribe is traditionally found in the central part of Ghana, surrounding Kumasi which is the country’s second city. They learnt to trade with Europeans early, which made them wealthy and helped the Ashanti to control a large area towards the coast.

Useful facts

• Ghana is on GMT time, which means the country has the same time zone as London. Geographically, Ghana is located as close to the centre of the world as you can be, as the country located closest to the intersection of 0° longitude and latitude.
• The currency in Ghana is the Ghaniain Cedi. It often written as GH₵ or GHS.
• The main resources and exports in Ghana are gold, cocoa, diamonds, oil, coffee, sugar, shea nuts and rubber. Its cocoa industry alone brings in nearly a billion pounds every year!
• There are around 30 million people in Ghana, with around 3 million in Accra. Some famous Ghanaians are Kofi Annan, who was the secretary-general of the UN, the editor of British Vogue – Edward Enniful and footballer Michael Essien.
• Ghana is one of the most prosperous countries in Africa, with good governance and an ambitious population that has led it to being one of the most stable economies in Africa.

• Although there are more than 100 ethnic groups in Ghana, the Twi language of the Ashanti people is the most widely spoken language in the central and southern parts of Ghana. In the north, Dagbani is more widely spoken which is the language of the Dagoma people. Overall, there are more than 40 languages, and 70 dialects in Ghana.
• Otherwise, most people speak English, or sometimes pigeon English. Ghana, along with Nigeria, are the only English speaking country in West Africa, as the others all speak French – a legacy of their colonial past.
• Most Ghanaians identify as Christian, but many uphold traditions and beliefs linked to their tribal ancestry, particularly in more rural areas.
• There is also a sizeable Muslim community in Ghana, particularly in Accra and in the north of Ghana near Tamale. Accra recently received a brand new mosque , seating more than 15,000. Freedom of Worship is a constitutional right in the peaceful nation and as such, there is little conflict or tension between different religions in Ghana.
• Ghana has an interesting tradition in designing and building elaborate coffins. You can read more about it here . Typically, the coffin is linked to the job the person had. However, when Karl Pilkington from an Idiot Abroad visited , he chose to have a custom-built Twix Bar coffin.. These are true works of art, taking months to build and based on the belief that life continues after death.
• Ghana has a universal health care system, which covers nearly 12 million Ghanaians. The country has some of the best medical care in Africa.

• You will see Ghanaians all over wearing colourful clothes, called Kente Cloth . This is linked closely to the Ashanti Empire and is of great pride to Ghanaians. You can find local seamstresses at markets who will delight in creating you a tailored outfit using Kente Cloth.
• Children from the Ashanti and Fante tribes are often given names based on the day of the week they was born. For example, Adowa, which means Monday. This can be either their first or middle name.
• Soccer (football) is the most popular sport and pastime in Ghana. Any group of locals will welcome you to play – after all, football is a universal language!

• Most Ghanaians will fiercely support a European football team (Manchester United is particularly popular) and on game days, dozens of people will gather around the screens all over.
• There are more than 16 nature protection areas including Mole National Park in the north and Kakum National Park in the south. In these parks, there are more than 40 species of large mammals, nearly 200 species of birds and over 1,000 butterfly species.
• In the east of Ghana is Lake Volta, which is the world’s largest man-made lake, extending over 320 sq miles. It’s so big, it can be seen from space!

Ghana Travel Guide

Getting there.

The main point of entry to Ghana is the Kotoka International Airport in Accra. This is where all international flights arrive.

Plenty of airlines fly to Accra, including Virgin and British Airways direct from the UK, and American Airlines and United from the US (from New York and Washington DC).

Other airlines flying into Accra include Air France, TAP Air Portugal, KLM, Lufthansa, Emirates, Qatar, Turkish Airlines and South Africa Airways.

Visa requirements

Many countries require a visa for Ghana, which has to obtained at an embassy before arriving in Accra. There are numerous African nations exempt from visas, make sure to check before arriving.

If you do require a visa, for example UK citizens, make sure to apply and begin the process well in advance of your arrival date. Make sure to check the Ghana High Commission website for the UK .

Medical requirements

All visitors to Ghana are required to have proof of a Yellow Fever vaccination. Proof is normally in the form of a small yellow book, given by the nurse who gave you the jab.

No other vaccinations are required for arrival into Ghana, but it is recommended to have had the following vaccinations:

• Diphtheria, Polio and Tetanus (DPT)
• Meningitis A,C,W,Y
• Typhoid Fever
• Hepatitis A and B
• Cholera (taken as an oral sachet)

The final two, rabies and cholera, are less taken by travellers to Ghana but I highly recommend both, especially if you plan to visit more rural areas in Ghana.

All these vaccinations add up, but I highly encourage you to take these precautions before arriving.

The main healthcare challenge to be aware of in Ghana is malaria. The disease is still prevalent in Ghana, and malaria-carrying mosquitoes are everywhere. I strongly recommend taking an anti-malarial tablet for the duration of your time in Ghana, which you can arrange in your home country before arriving.

There are a couple of main choices for an anti-malarial drug. Doxycycline and Larium are the cheapest and most readily available, but both can have some extreme side effects. Malarone (proguanil and atovaquone) is more expensive, but there are far fewer side effects. I recommend Malarone but ensure to speak to a healthcare professional.

Ensure to use a high percentage DEET based product on your skin, especially at dusk and in the evening. I also recommend sleeping under a net, unless you are in an air-conditioned upscale hotel room. I also used a fabric spray to deter mosquitoes that I used on my net regularly.

Although Ghanaians do tend to get malaria quite often and can be quite casual about it, for tourists it can be quite extreme to our more sensitive immune systems.

Getting around

Flights: There are a handful of internal flight companies in Ghana, primarily connecting Accra with Tamale in the north, Kumasi in the centre, Tema to the east and Takoradi to the west. Although quick, I wouldn’t necessarily advise taking these flights as they aren’t cheap and remove the adventure aspect.

Trains: The railway system in Ghana has typically been quite limited but routes are improving slowly in the south of the country. The trains currently in operation are unlikely to suit traveller itineraries, and are more aimed at commuters.

Buses: This is the main way to do long distance journeys in Ghana. They are generally safe and clean. and often are air-conditioned too.

The main company is STC, which has scheduled bus services throughout Ghana – and air-conditioning onboard. Always try and buy tickets in advance, as often seats sell out along popular routes.

Another bus company is VIP which also has modern, air-conditioned buses but tend to wait to fill up, before departing.

Both these companies have safety records and run from bus station to bus station. There are other bus companies around, with more dubious safety records and older, less well-maintained buses. Other bus companies may allow you to flag them down to alight on route.

Tro-tros: These are the iconic form of transport in Ghana, despite their total lack of safety. These are old minibuses, often a bare shell with various car parts taped on. People are crammed onto these and you could be sat between all kinds of people and animals – which can make for a very sweaty and smelly journey. Tro-tros ply every road in Ghana, making them very convenient and a crucial mode of transport all across the country. Although they are dirty and uncomfortable, they are a true way to be a part of Ghanaian life and I recommend you use them.

You can join them along the road. There will be a ‘tro tro mate’ hanging out the side of the bus shouting the destination and who takes your cedi from you. Alternatively, you can take a tro-tro from a bus station where you might get to pick your seats, but you have to wait for the bus to fill before it departs. Sometimes this can take a few hours if it’s a less regular route.

Interestingly, fares are regulated by the government so you shouldn’t be overcharged. Fares are low. As mentioned, tro-tros aren’t the safest form of transport. If you are very concerned about the driving or the bus itself, then try and disembark when you can and either take another tro-tro or hail a taxi.

Taxis: The other major form of transport, particularly around urban areas such as Accra, Kumasi and Takoradi is taxi. These are easily identifiable by the orange corners.

You can flag these down on the road, or find parked taxis. Always negotiate and confirm the fare before you start driving – most taxis don’t have a metered system. You can expect taxi drivers to offer you as a tourist quite a high price, but do not be afraid to negotiate on this. If you’re unsure of what the rate should approximately be, then ask a local at a hotel or in a shop.

Another option are shared taxis, which look the same, but drive to a fixed destination which is indicated with a sign. This can be a very cost-effective way to travel from A to B, especially on a more popular route. However, like tro-tros, you will have to wait for these to fill before they depart. As there are only 4 seats normally, this shouldn’t take too long.

Finally Uber is popular in Ghana, having arrived in the country in 2016. This excellent guide here covers everything you need to know about taking Ubers in Ghana.

Climate in Ghana

Oooh, it’s hot! Ghana is located in a subtropical zone, with temperatures over 30°C all year long. The rainy season is typically May to September, and temperatures drop slightly during these months.

Tamale and the wider northern Ghana region is hotter and more arid, with temperatures typically in excess of 35°C.

Wifi and Local SIM cards

Wifi is plentiful in Ghana, and phone sims are cheap.

I would recommend getting a local SIM, even if your trip is just a week. The main providers in Ghana are Vodafone and MTN, and you pick up a sim for either at the airport or at the Accra Mall. You can then top-up your SIM easily at local stores across the country. After paying for the data you require, you receive a small piece of card where you can scratch off the silver bit for a code to enter in your phone.

More recently, the local app ExpressPay has created an easy way to top up mobile phone SIMs or make money transfers to trusted contacts.

Ghanaians love WhatsApp, and like other countries in Africa, you may find it easier to communicate with your favoured taxis drivers by WhatsApp, for example.

Money in Ghana

As mentioned, the main currency is the Ghanaian Cedi, and the smaller pesewa. I would always advise to keep some Cedi on you, and do not expect places to take cards.

ATMs are found across the country, with the main banks being Stanbic Bank and GTBank.

Water and Electricity

Tap water is not safe for drinking, and I recommend using a bottle or sachet of water for cleaning teeth too.

Plastic sachets of water are sold all over Ghana and are very cheap – just 10 pesewas each (one tenth of a cedi). They contain purified water, but some brands are better than others. Try and buy water sachets that are Ice Cool, Ice Pack or Everpure brands. You’ll know by taste if any of the water is of poor quality – it will either taste muddy or metallic. Don’t drink!

In terms of running water and sanitation in Ghana, most of Accra will have access to clean water. Water is generally provided in huge water tanks, which can tend to run out. When the supply becomes limited, you will need to use buckets for showering and washing clothes. If you’re staying in upscale hotels, this isn’t likely to be an issue and they will have backup reserves.

Western style toilets are available all over Ghana, but poorer or more rural areas may have more hole-in-the-ground style toilets. Just keep tissues and hand sanitiser on you, just in case!

For electricity, load shedding is common across the whole of Ghana. Accra, as the capital is more likely to have 24 hours of electricity in a day, but all other places will experience a degree of load shedding.

Larger hotels and companies are very likely to have their generators to ensure guaranteed electricity. If the power cuts, they don’t always kick in instantly and there may be periods where you’re sweltering indoors. I used to find I would be drenched in sweat in the middle of the night when the power turned off the ceiling fan and I was under my mosquito net. Sometimes I’d get up and poor a bucket of cool water over my body and hair in order to cool down and get back to sleep.

Local language to learn in Ghana

‘Obruni!’ – this is probably the first word to learn. It means foreigner in the Akan language. It’s not an offensive term at all, and is often said with affection too. Do not be surprised if people shout ‘Obruni!’ at you in markets! And so you are aware, ‘Bibinii’ means black person.

‘Chale’ – means friend or mate. It’s common for a Ghanaian to greet you with ‘Chale!’

‘ Abeg ‘ – means please, in pidgin English. It’s common to hear this in the markets when negotiating a price.

‘ Akwaaba’ – means welcome. You may hear this all over as people welcome you the country more broadly, or arriving in a village. I heard this a lot less after a few months, so I felt like I successfully looked like I had (somewhat) assimilated myself into Ghanaian life!

‘Medaase’ – thank you!

‘Chop’ – casually refers to roadside or stall food, or ‘to chop’ is to eat.

Customs and Etiquette

The left hand is considered rude and offensive, never pass anything with your left hand. Always use your right hand to pass or receive anything.

Pointing at people is considered rude, as is the thumbs up sign.

A common way to greet friends, or Ghanaians you’ve got to know is to do a handshake, followed with a hand twist and a click of the finger. Don’t worry, you’ll learn it in no time.

Ghana time is a real thing. It’s not uncommon for Ghanaians to be late by even as much as 2 hours. They even tease each other about how bad Ghanaians’ timeliness can be!

Food in Ghana

Although Western food is often available, Ghanaian cuisine is delicious and essential to try on any length trip to Ghana.

The main staple foods are cassava and plantain, particularly around Accra and southern half of the country. In the north, the staple food is millet.

Throughout the country, yam, maize and beans are also cooked with. In Accra and the coastal regions in Ghana, tilapia is the main fish. You’ll see it being cooked on the streets and it is served up with many types of dishes.

Ghanaian food can be quite spicy. If you don’t like hot food, then say no to ‘ shito sauce ‘, an extra spicy sauce dolloped over your meal.

Some key Ghanaian dishes to try:

Jollof Rice – one of the most famous dishes! And the centre of many contests between Nigeria and Ghana as to who makes the best Jollof Rice! It is a tomato and rice dish, served with a fried chicken and shito sauce.

Waakye (pronounced Wacchee) – this is another rice dish served with beans. It isn’t often too spicy and is delicious with fried plantain, and other sides such as spaghetti, hard boiled egg and fish or chicken.

Banku – this is a dumpling made of a mix of fermented corn and cassava dough. You will often find this dish with stew and tilapia.

Fufu – similar to banku, this is boiled pounded cassava and plantain. It is often served in soups, like a groundnut soup. You take a piece of fufu dough, dip it in the accompanying stew and eat it! It’s delicious. This was my favourite dish in Ghana, I loved it. Sometimes goat is added to the soup, but you often say no goat pieces if you prefer.

Chichinga – mmm, Ghanaian kebab! This is a popular street food and is normally a mixture of chopped vegetables and a protein source, such as chicken or goat. This normally isn’t too spicy, although they do sometimes put a spicier paste called suya on it before grilling. Just ask them to stop before they cover the kebab.

Red-red – this vegetarian dish is mild bean stew and is delicious with a side of fried plantain. This is great for those who don’t like spice.

Plantain – similar to a banana, but larger and definitely more delicious. Plantain can be boiled, fried or cooked. It can be enjoyed as crunchy crisps too, easily purchased at local stalls.

Bofrot – these are delicious fried balls, that are doughnut-like in texture and taste. I was hooked as soon as I discovered them.

So there’s my Ghana travel guide, covering all of the essential things to know before visiting Ghana. As you can see, it’s a safe, peaceful and vibrant country, with some of the friendliest people on the planet.

Whether you’re visiting Ghana for a holiday, a volunteer trip, to visit family or to study abroad, I hope this guide is useful. I’m more than happy to answer any questions you might have on Ghana and put you in touch with locals I know, for example local tour guides.

Please make sure to also check out my detailed post on all of the best things to see and do in Ghana, covering all the key regions.

If you’re planning to visit any other African nations, then make sure to check out my other guides, covering Zambia and Zimbabwe , Botswana , South Africa and Morocco .

If you’ve enjoyed this guide to Ghana, then please do share using the below links!

Wanna see more? Check my Instagram  here , my Facebook  here  or my Twitter  here !

Disclaimer: My time in Ghana was entirely paid for by myself. There was no involvement from the tourism board or any local companies. This is an independent guide.

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Amazing! Really makes me feel like going back home.

Great Blog.Thanks for Sharing.

I really enjoyed this blog piece. ‘Nice one!

Ghana looks amazing! I definitely feel like it’s a country that isn’t seen on a lot of travel blogs – so it was very cool to read about it!

Thank You!!

You nailed it, Claire! I really enjoyed reading this piece on Ghana. And it’s so nice to see your genuine appreciation and love for my homeland.

Hi you make it sound fantastic place to visit , going there myself with my Ghana and girlfriend ..Thanks for the wonderful insight of the country .Best wishes on your travels . Steve .

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Savvino-storozhevsky monastery and museum.

Zvenigorod's most famous sight is the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, which was founded in 1398 by the monk Savva from the Troitse-Sergieva Lavra, at the invitation and with the support of Prince Yury Dmitrievich of Zvenigorod. Savva was later canonised as St Sabbas (Savva) of Storozhev. The monastery late flourished under the reign of Tsar Alexis, who chose the monastery as his family church and often went on pilgrimage there and made lots of donations to it. Most of the monastery’s buildings date from this time. The monastery is heavily fortified with thick walls and six towers, the most impressive of which is the Krasny Tower which also serves as the eastern entrance. The monastery was closed in 1918 and only reopened in 1995. In 1998 Patriarch Alexius II took part in a service to return the relics of St Sabbas to the monastery. Today the monastery has the status of a stauropegic monastery, which is second in status to a lavra. In addition to being a working monastery, it also holds the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum.

Belfry and Neighbouring Churches

Located near the main entrance is the monastery's belfry which is perhaps the calling card of the monastery due to its uniqueness. It was built in the 1650s and the St Sergius of Radonezh’s Church was opened on the middle tier in the mid-17th century, although it was originally dedicated to the Trinity. The belfry's 35-tonne Great Bladgovestny Bell fell in 1941 and was only restored and returned in 2003. Attached to the belfry is a large refectory and the Transfiguration Church, both of which were built on the orders of Tsar Alexis in the 1650s.  

To the left of the belfry is another, smaller, refectory which is attached to the Trinity Gate-Church, which was also constructed in the 1650s on the orders of Tsar Alexis who made it his own family church. The church is elaborately decorated with colourful trims and underneath the archway is a beautiful 19th century fresco.

Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral

The Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral is the oldest building in the monastery and among the oldest buildings in the Moscow Region. It was built between 1404 and 1405 during the lifetime of St Sabbas and using the funds of Prince Yury of Zvenigorod. The white-stone cathedral is a standard four-pillar design with a single golden dome. After the death of St Sabbas he was interred in the cathedral and a new altar dedicated to him was added.

Under the reign of Tsar Alexis the cathedral was decorated with frescoes by Stepan Ryazanets, some of which remain today. Tsar Alexis also presented the cathedral with a five-tier iconostasis, the top row of icons have been preserved.

Tsaritsa's Chambers

The Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral is located between the Tsaritsa's Chambers of the left and the Palace of Tsar Alexis on the right. The Tsaritsa's Chambers were built in the mid-17th century for the wife of Tsar Alexey - Tsaritsa Maria Ilinichna Miloskavskaya. The design of the building is influenced by the ancient Russian architectural style. Is prettier than the Tsar's chambers opposite, being red in colour with elaborately decorated window frames and entrance.

At present the Tsaritsa's Chambers houses the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum. Among its displays is an accurate recreation of the interior of a noble lady's chambers including furniture, decorations and a decorated tiled oven, and an exhibition on the history of Zvenigorod and the monastery.

Palace of Tsar Alexis

The Palace of Tsar Alexis was built in the 1650s and is now one of the best surviving examples of non-religious architecture of that era. It was built especially for Tsar Alexis who often visited the monastery on religious pilgrimages. Its most striking feature is its pretty row of nine chimney spouts which resemble towers.

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