reference of visit

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[ viz -it ]

verb (used with object)

to visit a friend; to visit clients; to visit Paris.

• to stay with as a guest.

to visit a church for prayer.

a general visiting his troops.

to visit the sick.

The plague visited London in 1665.

to visit him with sorrows.

• to access, as a website.
• to inflict, as punishment, vengeance, etc. (often followed by on or upon ).

verb (used without object)

• to make a visit.

to visit on the phone with a friend.

• to inflict punishment.

a nice, long visit.

We had a good visit on the way back from the grocery store.

• a call paid to a person, family, etc.
• a stay or sojourn as a guest.
• an official inspection or examination.

the right of visit and search.

• to go or come to see (a person, place, etc)
• to stay with (someone) as a guest
• to go or come to (an institution, place, etc) for the purpose of inspecting or examining
• tr (of a disease, disaster, etc) to assail; afflict

the judge visited his full anger upon the defendant

• archaic. trusually foll bywith to afflict or plague (with punishment, etc)
• informal. often foll by with to chat or converse (with someone)
• the act or an instance of visiting
• a stay as a guest
• a professional or official call
• a formal call for the purpose of inspection or examination

the right of visit and search

• informal. a friendly talk or chat

Discover More

Derived forms.

• ˈvisitable , adjective

Other Words From

• inter·visit verb (used without object)
• non·visit·ing adjective
• pre·visit noun verb
• re·visit verb noun
• un·visit·ed adjective
• un·visit·ing adjective

Word History and Origins

Origin of visit 1

Idioms and Phrases

Example sentences.

“Time Capsule” walks users through a linear experience with between 45 and 60 minutes of content, but it sounds like it’s also designed to support further exploration and additional visits.

A visit to Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park is just 23 miles west.

The agency has since extended its agreement with contractor Allied Universal through the end 2021 to allow MTS’s new security director to play a greater role in the process, and to conduct visits now complicated by coronavirus restrictions.

Bregman said that visits with his brother in their younger years meant tagging along with him to medical emergencies.

Only companies that understand what makes a customer satisfied will be the ones able to implement an effective customer experience strategy that will make the visit worth repeating.

You will have your beloved father back sooner than you think, and you can visit and communicate with him all the while.

He hasn't bothered to visit Iguala, the place where the students were abducted and killed.

From his purview, our visit and interest had brought excitement to him and his peers.

On May 9, which Moscow commemorates as World War II “Victory Day,” Klaus paid a highly visible visit to the Russian Embassy.

Both Prados have enough magic that, after you visit them, the whole world feels like their gift shop for a few hours.

When the women came, he was preparing to go to the west side for his daily visit with Mrs. Pruitt.

M'Bongo, the great chief of this neighbourhood, paid a ceremonial visit to my husband.

Levee: a ceremonious visit received by a distinguished person in the morning.

I really ought to visit my California estates, and I have always wanted to see that part of America.

In the spring of 1868 he was taken by his mother for a visit to England, and there, in the same year, his sister was born.

Related Words

• appointment

Definitions and idiom definitions from Dictionary.com Unabridged, based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023

Idioms from The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

cppreference.com

Std:: visit.

Applies the visitor vis (a Callable that can be called with any combination of types from variants) to the variants vars .

Given VariantBases as decltype ( as-variant ( std:: forward < Variants > ( vars ) ) ... (a pack of sizeof... ( Variants ) types):

INVOKE ( std:: forward < Visitor > ( vis ) ,         std:: get < indices > ( std:: forward < VariantBases > ( vars ) ) ... ) ,

INVOKE<R> ( std:: forward < Visitor > ( vis ) ,           std:: get < indices > ( std:: forward < VariantBases > ( vars ) ) ... ) ,

These overloads participate in overload resolution only if every type in VariantBases is a valid type. If the expression denoted by INVOKE or INVOKE<R> (since C++20) is invalid, or the results of INVOKE or INVOKE<R> (since C++20) have different types or value categories for different indices , the program is ill-formed.

[ edit ] Parameters

[ edit ] return value, [ edit ] exceptions.

Throws std::bad_variant_access if as-variant ( vars_i ) . valueless_by_exception ( ) is true for any variant vars_i in vars .

[ edit ] Complexity

When the number of variants is zero or one, the invocation of the callable object is implemented in constant time, i.e. it does not depend on the number of types can be stored in the variant.

If the number of variants is larger than one, the invocation of the callable object has no complexity requirements.

[ edit ] Notes

Let n be ( 1 * ... * std:: variant_size_v < std:: remove_reference_t < VariantBases >> ) , implementations usually generate a table equivalent to an (possibly multidimensional) array of n function pointers for every specialization of std::visit , which is similar to the implementation of virtual functions .

Implementations may also generate a switch statement with n branches for std::visit (e.g. the MSVC STL implementation uses a switch statement when n is not greater than 256).

On typical implementations, the time complexity of the invocation of vis can be considered equal to that of access to an element in an (possibly multidimensional) array or execution of a switch statement.

[ edit ] Example

[ edit ] defect reports.

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

[ edit ] See also

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Reference List: Reference List: Overview

Basics of reference list entries.

Reference list entries contain specific publication information, allowing readers to find the publication. The information is presented in a standard format, including order of information, use of italics and parentheses, and other markers to help distinguish between different parts of the reference entry. APA style entries follow this basic format:

Author. (Publication date). Title of document. Publishing information. Electronic retrieval information.

• Only list sources you cite in your text. Do not include sources you read but did not cite.
• The reference list should come after the text of your paper but before any tables, figures, or appendices.
• The reference list appears on its own page, with the title References at the top, centered and in bold type.
• As with the rest of the paper, reference entries should be double spaced.
• Use one space after the punctuation within each reference (e.g., after the period that follows the date). See APA 7, Section 16.1.
• All references have a hanging indent, which means the first line is flush left, and all subsequent lines are indented ½ inch to the right. Learn how to create a hanging indent under the "General Document Formatting" section at the Academic Skills Center.
• References appear in alphabetical order by surname of the author. If there is more than one source with the same author, then those references appear in chronological order, earliest source first.

For specific examples of numerous reference formats with notes and tips, see the  Common Reference List Examples  page. For help on evaluating resources and identifying types of resources, please visit the library's  Evaluating Resources  pages.

Start with each author's last name, followed by a comma and the first and middle initials (or just the first initial if that is all that is provided). Separate each author with a comma, and include the ampersand (&) before the last name in the list. When creating a reference for a work with two group authors, use an ampersand, not a comma to separate them (as you would with two individual authors).

List authors' names in the order in which they appear on the publication. The order of names often carries significance, so it is important not to change the order in your listing. To be listed as  first author  for a publication usually means that person is the lead researcher on the project.

Severino, C., & Knight, M. Graves, S. J., Anders, K. C., & Balester, V. M.

• For corporate authors—companies, institutions, and other types of collective authors—simply list the corporate name. Corporate authors are common in technical reports and other institutional documents that represent the work of a whole organization.

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Note that when multiple layers of government agencies are listed as authors in a work, use just the most specific author in the reference.

Instead of “U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,” use the most specific author.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Health and awareness . https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/education-and-awareness

When creating a reference for a work with multiple authors, provide surnames and initials for up to 20 authors. For sources with 21 or more authors, use ellipsis points after the name of the 19th author, followed by the final author's surname and initials.

Steyer, T., Ortiz, K., Schemmel, L., Armstrong, B., Hicks, L., Simac, M., Perez, K., Nyung, J., Schlenz, W., Robins, K., O’Neil, O., Muhammad, E., Moore, J. L., Rosinski, P., Peeples, T., Pigg, S., Rife, M. C., Brunk-Chavez, B.,Tasaka, R.... Curtis, F.

When providing a reference entry to a whole edited collection, list the editors at the beginning of the entry and include the abbreviation Ed. (for one editor) or Eds. (for two or more editors) in parentheses after the names.

Bodhran, A. T. (Ed.). Lai, P., & Smith, L. C. (Eds.).

Publication Date

For most publications, include just the year in parentheses.

For publications with no publication date noted, use the letters n.d. within the parentheses to indicate  no date . The most common type of resource with no date is a webpage .

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) . https://www.cdc.gov/copd/index.html

Newspapers and popular magazines are easier to find with the month or day of publication rather than a volume and issue number. For periodicals such as a weekly news magazine like Time or a daily newspaper like The New York Times , include the month or month and day.

Hubbard, A. (2014, January 8). New York to be 21st state to OK Medical Marijuana. Los Angeles Times . https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-sh-new-york-medical-marijuana-graphic-20140108-story.html

For republished texts, use the date from the republished version you read. At the very end of the reference list entry, include a note in parentheses with the original publication date.

Piaget, J. (2000). The psychology of the child. Basic Books. https://archive.org/details/psychologyofchil00piag_0/page/n5 (Original work published 1969)

For in-text citations of these republished texts, include both dates with a slash separating them, listing the original publication date first and then the date of the republished version you read.

(Piaget, 1969/2000).

Title of Document

Include the title of the document that you are referencing. Depending on the type of resource, you may have to include more than one title (for an article and the journal, for instance). Do not add quotation marks around titles (unless part of the original title).

• Article and chapter titles follow sentence-case capitalization in regular font style.
• Also capitalize the first word in a subtitle following a colon.
• Provide the periodical title exactly as shown on the cited work (e.g., The New England Journal of Medicine ). Abbreviate only if the official title has an abbreviation (e.g., JAMA Pediatrics ).
• Italicize journal titles and use title-case capitalization.
• Italicize book titles and use sentence-case capitalization.
• Italicize webpages and websites and use sentence-case capitalization.
• For books in multiple editions, include edition information in parentheses after the book title: (5th ed.).
• For ebooks, the format, platform, or device is not included in the reference. (Note that this guideline is a change from APA 6, which recommended including this information in brackets.)

Simpson, A.V., Stewart, C., & Pitsis, T. (2014). Normal compassion: A framework for compassionate decision making. Journal of Business Ethics , 119 (4), 473–491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1831-y

Publishing Information

For articles.

For articles, you should generally provide the volume, issue number (if available), and page numbers for the publishing information. Italicize the volume number and use an en dash between the page numbers. For examples and more information, see the Common Reference List Examples page.

• In APA 7, you no longer need to include the publisher location (city and state) as part of a reference.
• Spell and capitalize the publisher name exactly as it appears in the cited work, except for designations of business structure (e.g., Inc., Ltd., LLC), which should be omitted. If the publisher is an imprint or division of a larger publishing company, provide only the specific imprint/division. If two or more publishers are listed on the copyright page, include them all, separated by semicolons.

Burgess, R. (2019). Rethinking global health: Frameworks of power . Routledge.

• In a situation where the publisher of a book is the same as the author, omit the publisher from the publishing element.

World Health Organization. (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.). https://icd.who.int/

Electronic Retrieval Information

Provide the digital object identifier (DOI) number for articles and books that have them. For articles and books without DOI numbers retrieved from common academic research databases, there is no need to provide any additional electronic retrieval information (the reference list entry looks like the entry for a print copy of the source). For articles and books without DOI number retrieved on the open web, include the URL.

• In APA 7, standardize DOIs in URL form with "https://doi.org/" before the number.
• In almost all cases, the name of the library or institution should not be in the DOI.
• In APA 7, active hyperlinks for DOIs and URLs should be used for documents meant for screen reading. Present these hyperlinks in blue and underlined text (the default formatting in Microsoft Word), although plain black text is also acceptable. Be consistent in your formatting choice for DOIs and URLs throughout your reference list.

Please see the Quick Guide to Electronic Resources for more guidance on how to format DOI numbers, URLs, and other electronically accessed information.

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Related Resources

Knowledge Check: Reference List Overview

Didn't find what you need? Email us at [email protected] .

• Next Page: Common Reference List Examples
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Travel, Tourism and Hotel Management: APA Referencing

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Referencing is a critical part of assignments, you must always acknowledge where information has come from e.g. article, book or website.

APA 7th edition colour coded guide to referencing

• Parts of a reference...
• Colour code used in examples...
• Book with edition other than first
• Edited book
• Chapter in an edited book
• Journal article from online databases
• Journal article from the internet e.g. Google Scholar
• Lippincott Procedures
• MIMS New Ethicals
• Webpage with an author
• Webpage with no author listed
• Website with no date
• Document on a website with a corporate author

A reference has four main pieces of information: author, date, title and source information.

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of work: Second part of title. Source information.

Author: Names are inverted, surname comes first followed by initial/s. For two or more initials leave single spaces between initials.  Always use ‘&’ between the last two names in a reference, not ‘and’.

Date: Copyright or publication year in brackets, followed by a full stop.  Provide the most specific date possible, so if month and day are given, include them as well as the year e.g. (2018, September 16).

Title: Capitalise only the first letter of first word.  For a two-part title also capitalise the first letter of the first word of the second part e.g. Small business management: Entrepreneurship and beyond .  If a proper noun (person, country, company etc) is in the title the first letter is capitalised e.g. Two people, one land: The New Zealand wars .  Most titles are also italicised, the exceptions are a journal article’s title or a chapter’s title in an edited book.

Source information: Publisher name, journal information, DOI or URL.  Do not include Inc. or Ltd as part of a publisher’s name.  Do not include a full stop at the end of DOIs or URLs.  For articles, source information includes the journal’s title, volume and issue number, page range and DOI.  Capitalise the first letter of all major words in a journal’s title and italicise along with the volume number but not the issue number e.g. Journal of Business Ethics, 150 (3), 961-709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3171-1     

The tabs of this box show examples of reference structures for common information sources.  Each example uses a colour code to identify the four main pieces of information a reference must include.

Wright, M. (2006). Two peoples, one land: The New Zealand wars . Reed Books.

Rudman, R. (2010). Human resources management in New Zealand (5 th ed.). Pearson.

• Please note there is no full stop or comma between the title and the edition number in brackets.  Close brackets and end with a full stop.

Shanken, E. A. (Ed.). (2009). Art and electronic media. Phaidon Press.

• Use (Ed.) for one editor or (Eds.) for multiple editors. Close the brackets and end with a full stop.

Papps, E. (2015). Cultural safety: Daring to be different. In D. Wepa (Ed.), Cultural safety in Aotearoa New Zealand (2 nd ed., pp. 36-48). Cambridge University Press.

• The chapter title is not in intalics, however, the title of the edited book is written in italics.
• Include the chapter page range.  If the book has an edition or volume number include this in the brackets before the page range.
• Write the word “In”, then the initials and last name (not inverted) of each editor. Use (Ed.) for one editor or (Eds.) for multiple editors. After the editor brackets end with a comma.

Example of a journal article from the online databases with a DOI:

Grandy, G., & Sliwa, M.   (2017).   Contemplative leadership: The possibilities for the ethics of leadership theory and practice.   Journal of Business Ethics, 143 (3), 423-440.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2802-2   

Write the authors’ names in the order they appear in the article.

• Capitalise the first letter of all major words in the journal’s title and italicise along with the volume number (but not the issue number).
• Do not put a space between the volume number and the brackets around the issue number.
• Do not include pp. at the start of the page range.      
• Articles from online databases accessed through the library's MySIT page must include the DOI number if available. 

Example of a journal article from the online databases without a DOI:             

Mohammed, M., & Naji, F. L. (2017). Benefits of exercise training for computer-based staff: A meta analyses. International Journal of Kinesiology & Sports Science, 5 (2), 16-23.

• Articles from online databases accessed through the library's MySIT page must include the DOI number .  If no DOI is listed on the article's record, end the reference after the page range.             

Lagerkvist, C. J., & Hess, S. (2011). A meta-analysis of consumer willingness to pay for farm animal welfare. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 38 (1), 55-78. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=b7ff2a9a4f2b3acc0ef8db8e0cc0ec077c19c79f

Include the URL if the article is accessible on the internet to all readers without needing to login to the website.

Blood pressure measurement.   (2022, February 18).   Lippincott Procedures: New Zealand Instance. http://procedures.lww.com

• Include both the month and date, if provided, along with the year.
• Lippincott Procedures is a subscription database accessed through the library's MySIT page.  Due to this, you cannot include the URL from the database but instead must include the general  Lippincott Procedures homepage URL  http://procedures.lww.com .
• The in-text citation will be formatted with the title in quotation marks and year e.g. ("Blood pressure measurement", 2022).

Paracetamol.   (2022).   MIMS New Ethicals, Jul-Dec 22 (37), 203-205.

• MIMS New Ethicals is a journal published twice a year so follows journal reference formatting.
• As there is no author, the drug name is moved to the author position.
• The in-text citation will be formatted with the title in quotation marks, year and page number e.g. ("Paracetamol", 2022, p.203) .

While MIMS is a journal, please confirm with your tutor the format they will accept as in some situtations tutors prefer MIMS referenced as a book.

Bersin, J. (2015, March 13). Culture: Why it’s the hottest topic in business today. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshbersin/2015/03/13/culture-why-its-the-hottest-topic-in-business-today/#54831119627f

• If the website provides the month and date include these with the year e.g. (2015, March 13).

List the website or organisation's name for the publisher.  

Ministry for the Environment. (2021, September 30). Evidence for climate change. https://environment.govt.nz/facts-and-science/climate-change/evidence-of-climate-change/

• If no author is specified use the website or organisation's name in place of the author e.g. (Ministry for the Environment). This is known as a corporate author.  The author’s may be located on an “about us” or acknowledgements page.  As the author and website/organisation's name are the same, do not repeat it as the publisher in the source information.  

Ministry of Education. (n.d.). Innovative learning environments. TKI. https://elearning.tki.org.nz/Teaching/Innovative-learning-environments

• Do not use a date from a website footer because this date may not indicate when the content on the webpage was published but when any information across the whole website was updated. If no separate date is indicated for the webpage, treat the page as having no date.  In the date field use (n.d.).

Ministry of Health. (2020). Eating and activity guidelines for New Zealand adults. https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/eating-activity-guidelines-new-zealand-adults-updated-2020-jul21.pdf

• If no individual author is specified use the website or organisation’s name in place of the author e.g. (Ministry for the Environment).  This is known as a corporate author.  The author’s may be located on an “about us” or acknowledgements page.  As the author and website/organisation's name are the same, do not repeat it as the publisher in the source information.  Just include the document's URL.

Useful APA websites

• Introduction to APA...
• Academic Writer Tutorial: Basics of 7th edition APA style
• In-text Citations
• Handouts and guides

Are you struggling with APA referencing?  Check out these links to the official APA 7 th edition referencing website https://apastyle.apa.org/ .  This website provides webinars, tutorials, handouts and information on all aspects of APA referencing as well as information on appropriate writing style.

https://extras.apa.org/apastyle/basics-7e/?_ga=2.183941029.2072941113.1602723313-185554434.1602723313#/

This tutorial helps writers understand and implement basic elements of APA style including format, academic writing style, grammar, bias-free language guidelines, mechanics of style, table and figures, in-text citations, paraphrasing, quotations and reference list format and order.

https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references

References provide the information necessary for the reader to identify and retrieve each work quoted or paraphrased by the writer.  This webpage answers any questions you may have about referencing.

Reference Examples:

https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples

This provides reference examples for the most common works that writers cite.  To find the reference example you need, first select a category (e.g. periodicals) and then choose the appropriate type of work (e.g. journal article) and follow the relevant example.

https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations

In academic writing it is essential to acknowledge any ideas that are not your own.  This webpage helps writers understand the principles of citation and how to avoid plagiarism.

Basic Principles:

https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles/author-date

APA uses the author-date citation system.  This webpage explains the number of authors to include, the dates in a citation, exceptions to the basic in-text citation style and repeating a citation.

Quotations:

https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/quotations

A direct quotation reproduces word for word from another source.  This webpage addresses how to format short and long quotes.

Paraphrasing:

https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/paraphrasing

Paraphrasing is restating another's ideas in your own words.  It allows your to summarise information from one or more sources.  This webpage states how to cite original works you have paraphrased.

https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/tutorials-webinars

These tutorial webinars explain how to format, cite and reference correctly to APA 7th edition standards.

https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/handouts-guides

This webpage provides guides, checklists and interactive activities to improve APA formatting and writing.

SIT APA 7th edition guides

• APA 7th Edition Referencing Guide This is the official referencing guide for SIT. It provides detailed information on APA referencing and examples of in-text citations and references for a wide variety of information sources.
• APA 7th Edition Quick Look Help Sheet This table has an in-text citation and reference example for the most common types of sources.
• Essay Handbook This is the official academic writing guide for SIT. This guide provides detailed information on all aspects of essay writing.
• APA 7th Edition Sample Essay with Comments This sample essay illustrates essay structure and correct use of in-text citations and references.

EndNote 20 Reference Manager

EndNote is software for managing references.  EndNote can:

• Store, organise and search references
• Import references from online databases, Google Scholar and Ebook Central
• Insert in-text citations into a Word document and create a reference list
• Format references in the appropriate style e.g. APA 7th edition  

Click here to access comprehensive instructions on the installation and use of the reference management software EndNote 20.

Useful library books on referencing...

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Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

Reference List: Basic Rules

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

This resourse, revised according to the 7 th  edition APA Publication Manual, offers basic guidelines for formatting the reference list at the end of a standard APA research paper. Most sources follow fairly straightforward rules. However, because sources obtained from academic journals  carry special weight in research writing, these sources are subject to special rules . Thus, this page presents basic guidelines for citing academic journals separate from its "ordinary" basic guidelines. This distinction is made clear below.

Note:  Because the information on this page pertains to virtually all citations, we've highlighted one important difference between APA 6 and APA 7 with an underlined note written in red.  For more information, please consult the   Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association , (7 th  ed.).

Formatting a Reference List

Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text.

Your references should begin on a new page separate from the text of the essay; label this page "References" in bold, centered at the top of the page (do NOT underline or use quotation marks for the title). All text should be double-spaced just like the rest of your essay.

Basic Rules for Most Sources

• All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation.
• All authors' names should be inverted (i.e., last names should be provided first).
• For example, the reference entry for a source written by Jane Marie Smith would begin with "Smith, J. M."
• If a middle name isn't available, just initialize the author's first name: "Smith, J."
• Give the last name and first/middle initials for all authors of a particular work up to and including 20 authors ( this is a new rule, as APA 6 only required the first six authors ). Separate each author’s initials from the next author in the list with a comma. Use an ampersand (&) before the last author’s name. If there are 21 or more authors, use an ellipsis (but no ampersand) after the 19th author, and then add the final author’s name.
• Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work.
• For multiple articles by the same author, or authors listed in the same order, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent.
• Note again that the titles of academic journals are subject to special rules. See section below.
• Italicize titles of longer works (e.g., books, edited collections, names of newspapers, and so on).
• Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as chapters in books or essays in edited collections.

Basic Rules for Articles in Academic Journals

• Present journal titles in full.
• Italicize journal titles.
• For example, you should use  PhiloSOPHIA  instead of  Philosophia,  or  Past & Present   instead of  Past and Present.
• This distinction is based on the type of source being cited. Academic journal titles have all major words capitalized, while other sources' titles do not.
• Capitalize   the first word of the titles and subtitles of   journal articles , as well as the   first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and   any proper nouns .
• Do not italicize or underline the article title.
• Deep blue: The mysteries of the Marianas Trench.
• Oceanographic Study: A Peer-Reviewed Publication

Please note:  While the APA manual provides examples of how to cite common types of sources, it does not cover all conceivable sources. If you must cite a source that APA does not address, the APA suggests finding an example that is similar to your source and using that format. For more information, see page 282 of the   Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association , 7 th  ed.

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with reference to

Definition of with reference to

Examples of with reference to in a sentence.

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'with reference to.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Dictionary Entries Near with reference to

with reckless abandon

with some justification

Cite this Entry

“With reference to.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/with%20reference%20to. Accessed 4 Jun. 2024.

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Generate citations in APA format quickly and automatically, with MyBib!

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An APA citation generator is a software tool that will automatically format academic citations in the American Psychological Association (APA) style.

It will usually request vital details about a source -- like the authors, title, and publish date -- and will output these details with the correct punctuation and layout required by the official APA style guide.

Formatted citations created by a generator can be copied into the bibliography of an academic paper as a way to give credit to the sources referenced in the main body of the paper.

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College-level and post-graduate students are most likely to use an APA citation generator, because APA style is the most favored style at these learning levels. Before college, in middle and high school, MLA style is more likely to be used. In other parts of the world styles such as Harvard (UK and Australia) and DIN 1505 (Europe) are used more often.

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Like almost every other citation style, APA style can be cryptic and hard to understand when formatting citations. Citations can take an unreasonable amount of time to format manually, and it is easy to accidentally include errors. By using a citation generator to do this work you will:

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In academia, bibliographies are graded on their accuracy against the official APA rulebook, so it is important for students to ensure their citations are formatted correctly. Special attention should also be given to ensure the entire document (including main body) is structured according to the APA guidelines. Our complete APA format guide has everything you need know to make sure you get it right (including examples and diagrams).

⚙️ How do I use MyBib's APA Citation Generator?

Our APA generator was built with a focus on simplicity and speed. To generate a formatted reference list or bibliography just follow these steps:

• Start by searching for the source you want to cite in the search box at the top of the page.
• MyBib will automatically locate all the required information. If any is missing you can add it yourself.
• Your citation will be generated correctly with the information provided and added to your bibliography.
• Repeat for each citation, then download the formatted list and append it to the end of your paper.

MyBib supports the following for APA style:

Daniel is a qualified librarian, former teacher, and citation expert. He has been contributing to MyBib since 2018.

Google scales back AI search answers after it told users to eat glue

The tech giant put AI-generated answers at the top of search results for most people in the United States two weeks ago.

SAN FRANCISCO — Google said it was scaling down the use of AI-generated answers in some search results, after the tech made high-profile errors including telling users to put glue on their pizza and saying Barack Obama was Muslim.

Google began putting the artificial intelligence answers on top of search results for users in the United States two weeks ago, but users and search engine experts on Thursday began noticing that far fewer queries were triggering an AI answer compared with previous days.

Google’s head of search, Liz Reid, confirmed in a blog post Thursday afternoon that the company was scaling back some of the AI answers, which it calls “AI Overviews.” The company cut down on using social media posts as source material for the AI answers, is pausing some answers on health-related topics and “added triggering restrictions for queries where AI Overviews were not proving to be as helpful,” Reid said in the post. The company made over a dozen technical changes aimed at improving the system, Reid said.

The change is the latest example of Google launching an AI product with fanfare and then rolling it back after it goes awry. In February, the company blocked users from making images of people with its AI image tool after conservative commentators accused it of anti-White bias.

The tech industry is in the throes of an AI revolution, with start-ups and Big Tech giants alike trying to find new ways to put the tech into their products and make money from it. Many of the tools have been launched before they’re ready for prime time, as companies jostle to be the first to market their products and cast themselves as cutting-edge.

Google, whose employees invented much of the tech underlying breakthrough AI tools like ChatGPT, has been trying to prove to investors, consumers and its own employees that it is still the most important player in the industry. At its I/O conference this month, the company made more than 100 AI-related announcements.

The biggest one was a confirmation that it would begin rolling out AI-generated answers in search results to most of its users. Google has been testing the AI answers for a year with a select group of users, but adding them to more search results meant most people would begin to interact directly with generative AI on a tool they use every day.

The tech works by reading websites that would otherwise show up in Google search results and then summarizing them into multi-paragraph answers. Publishers have cried foul , accusing the company of hurting their businesses by taking their content and regurgitating it for users directly in search results, depriving them of important web traffic.

But journalists, search engine experts and social media users quickly began spotting problems with the answers. Some of the responses were funny while others were concerning. They showed up on sensitive queries as well, including health-related ones.

One answer, which Google has since fixed, told people to drink plenty of urine to help pass a kidney stone. Another said John F. Kennedy graduated from the University of Wisconsin at Madison in six different years, three of which were after his death.

Google tried to test the tool as much as it could before the broader rollout, but Reid said the full-scale launch revealed many situations the company hadn’t prepared for.

“There’s nothing quite like having millions of people using the feature,” Reid said.

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Farmers must kill 4.2 million chickens after bird flu hits Iowa egg farm

FILE - Chickens stand in their cages at a farm, Nov. 16, 2009, near Stuart, Iowa. More than 4 million chickens in Iowa will have to be killed after a case of the highly pathogenic bird flu was detected at a large egg farm, the state announced Tuesday, May 28, 2024. (AP Photo/Charlie Neibergall, File)

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DES MOINES, Iowa (AP) — More than 4 million chickens in Iowa will have to be killed after a case of the highly pathogenic bird flu was detected at a large egg farm, the state announced Tuesday.

Crews are in the process of killing 4.2 million chickens after the disease was found at a farm in Sioux County, Iowa, making it the latest in a yearslong outbreak that now is affecting dairy cattle as well. Last week, the virus was confirmed at an egg farm west of Minneapolis, Minnesota, leading to the slaughter of nearly 1.4 million chickens.

Overall, 92.34 million birds have been killed since the outbreak began in 2022, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Although bird flu has become somewhat common among poultry, its spread to cattle has added to worries about the disease. In May, a second dairy farmworker was diagnosed with bird flu, and the virus was detected in both beef and milk . It has been confirmed on dairy cattle farms in nine states.

Health and agriculture officials have said the risk to the public remains low. The U.S. Department of Agriculture said the meat from a single sickened dairy cow was not allowed to enter the nation’s food supply and beef remains safe to eat.

Workers exposed to infected animals are at a higher risk. The only three human cases confirmed in the United States included two dairy workers and one man working to slaughter infected birds on a poultry farm.

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Title: rb-modulation: training-free personalization of diffusion models using stochastic optimal control.

Abstract: We propose Reference-Based Modulation (RB-Modulation), a new plug-and-play solution for training-free personalization of diffusion models. Existing training-free approaches exhibit difficulties in (a) style extraction from reference images in the absence of additional style or content text descriptions, (b) unwanted content leakage from reference style images, and (c) effective composition of style and content. RB-Modulation is built on a novel stochastic optimal controller where a style descriptor encodes the desired attributes through a terminal cost. The resulting drift not only overcomes the difficulties above, but also ensures high fidelity to the reference style and adheres to the given text prompt. We also introduce a cross-attention-based feature aggregation scheme that allows RB-Modulation to decouple content and style from the reference image. With theoretical justification and empirical evidence, our framework demonstrates precise extraction and control of content and style in a training-free manner. Further, our method allows a seamless composition of content and style, which marks a departure from the dependency on external adapters or ControlNets.

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A Message to the House of Representatives on the President’s Veto of H.J.Res.   109

TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES:

I am returning herewith without my approval H.J.Res. 109, a resolution that would disapprove of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 121 (SAB 121).

SAB 121 reflects considered technical SEC staff views regarding the accounting obligations of certain firms that safeguard crypto-assets.  By virtue of invoking the Congressional Review Act, this Republican-led resolution would inappropriately constrain the SEC’s ability to set forth appropriate guardrails and address future issues.  This reversal of the considered judgment of SEC staff in this way risks undercutting the SEC’s broader authorities regarding accounting practices.  My Administration will not support measures that jeopardize the well-being of consumers and investors.  Appropriate guardrails that protect consumers and investors are necessary to harness the potential benefits and opportunities of crypto-asset innovation.  My Administration is eager to work with the Congress to ensure a comprehensive and balanced regulatory framework for digital assets, building on existing authorities, which will promote the responsible development of digital assets and payment innovation and help reinforce United States leadership in the global financial system.

Therefore, I am vetoing this resolution.

                              JOSEPH R. BIDEN JR.

THE WHITE HOUSE,

    May 31, 2024.

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Pope Francis used an offensive slur for gay men during a discussion with bishops, sources say

Pope Francis used an offensive slur for gay men in a closed-door discussion with Italian bishops last week, two sources who were in the room told NBC News.

The pontiff's use of the derogatory term, first reported by Italian media, led the Vatican to apologize Tuesday “to those who were offended.”

The reported comment came at an assembly of bishops held behind closed doors on May 20. The group was discussing the issue of admitting homosexual men into seminaries when Francis used an Italian term that represents a vulgar way to refer to a gay person, the sources said.

Francis reiterated that gay men should not be allowed to train in seminaries as priests, according to Italian media, which said that his use of the slur left some in the audience surprised given the pope’s track record of a more welcoming approach toward the LGBTQ+ community.

The Vatican responded to the reports Tuesday, saying the pope was “aware of articles that recently came out about a conversation, behind closed doors, with the bishops.”

“As he has had the opportunity to state on several occasions, 'In the Church there is room for everyone, for everyone! No one is useless, no one is superfluous, there is room for everyone. Just as we are, everyone,'” Vatican spokesman Matteo Bruni said in a statement.

“The pope never intended to offend or express himself in homophobic terms, and he extends his apologies to those who were offended by the use of a term, reported by others,” Bruni added.

The political gossip website Dagospia appears to have been the first to report on the alleged incident, citing multiple “shocked” bishops who took part in the bishop conference.

One of Italy’s largest newspapers, Corriere della Sera, quoted several unnamed bishops suggesting that the pope may not have been aware of how offensive the word is in Italian.

Vatican veteran reporter and author Gerry O’Connell also suggested that the pope’s remark was “a gaffe on the part of the pope, rather than a slur,” as a nonnative Italian speaker.

The alleged comment came as a surprise to many as Francis, 87, is known for having more liberal views than many of his predecessors when it comes to the LGBTQ+ community, as well as on other issues such as the role of women in the Catholic Church and the environment .

Last December, he formally approved allowing priests to bless same-sex couples because people seeking God’s love and mercy shouldn’t be subject to “an exhaustive moral analysis” to receive it.

In August, he also said that the Catholic Church is open to everyone , including the gay community, and that it has a duty to accompany them on a personal path of spirituality but within the framework of its rules.

Francis set the tone at the beginning of his papacy in 2013 when he made an off-the-cuff remark to reporters that won over many critics who had dismissed the church as close-minded. “If a person is gay and seeks God and has good will, who am I to judge him?” he said.

An instruction issued by the Vatican under Francis’ predecessor, Pope Benedict, in 2005 ruled that those who “practice homosexuality, present deep-seated homosexual tendencies or support the so-called gay culture” cannot be admitted into the seminary or holy orders. 

Yuliya Talmazan is a reporter for NBC News Digital, based in London.

Matteo Moschella is a London-based reporter for NBC News' Social Newsgathering team.

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what's the nature of your visit?

• Thread starter hirashin
• Start date Jun 3, 2015

Senior Member

• Jun 3, 2015

Do you ever say (a)? (a) What's the nature of your visit? How about (b)? (b) It was not his nature to take an aimless holiday. Thanks in advance. Hirashin  

Would (a) be used in hospitals?  

hirashin said: Would (a) be used in hospitals? Click to expand...

Moderator Emeritus

To me, (a) sounds a bit officious, but I can imagine it being said if the person who was asking had a legitimate need to know the information.  

DonnyB said: To me, (a) sounds a bit officious " target="WRdict"> officious , but I can imagine it being said if the person who was asking had a legitimate need to know the information. Click to expand...

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