voyager a 20 ans

20 lieux à voir à 20 ans

Jeune et curieux de découvrir le monde ? Voici ma sélection de 20 destinations à voir quand on a 20 ans !

Les 20 meilleurs endroits à voir dans la vingtaine. Les meilleurs endroits pour voyager à 20 ans. Réservez votre billet et faites le trajet, ce sont les meilleures années ! Il faut en profiter !

20. Californie

Les voyages en voiture, les couchers de soleil au bord de l’océan et les palmiers ne sont que le début de la réalisation du rêve californien. De Los Angeles à San Francisco et partout ailleurs, il y a tant de choses à découvrir en Californie à vingt ans. Si vous avez envie de quelque chose qui sort de l’ordinaire, aventurez-vous dans le sud, dans le comté de San Diego, et découvrez Encinitas, une plaque tournante pour les jeunes d’une vingtaine d’années.

19. Barcelone, Espagne

La Catalogne est l’une des régions les plus dynamiques et les plus vivantes que j’ai explorées jusqu’à présent et Barcelone en est le cœur. Avec son architecture Gaudi à l’infini, sa scène de bar florissante à El Borne et sa culture de plage, il y a tant de raisons de placer Barcelone en tête de votre liste de voyages pour les jeunes de 20 ans.

18. Mykonos, Grèce

Avec Santorin, Mykonos est devenu un lieu incontournable pour les voyageurs d’une vingtaine d’années à la recherche des îles grecques emblématiques. Connue pour sa vie nocturne animée et ses couchers de soleil tardifs, Mykonos est un excellent choix pour le voyageur plus fêtard qui cherche à rencontrer et à socialiser avec des voyageurs du monde entier.

Paris me rappelle tant de souvenirs de mes vingt ans. La ville de Paris est parfaite si vous êtes un amoureux de l’histoire de l’art, de la bonne cuisine et d’un vin encore meilleur. Il y a une infinité de quartiers à explorer, alors assurez-vous de vous accorder au moins quelques nuits pour votre première visite. Vous pourriez rester un mois entier et ne faire qu’effleurer la surface !

Le Maroc constitue une excellente introduction à l’Afrique du Nord, avec tant de culture à découvrir, une nourriture délicieuse à déguster et une surcharge sensorielle pour le moins.

15. Nouvelle-Zélande

Si les voyages en voiture et les aventures en plein air sont plus votre style, ne cherchez pas plus loin qu’une évasion active en Nouvelle-Zélande. L’hiver en Nouvelle-Zélande est une excellente occasion de voyager hors saison et de profiter d’une foule moins nombreuse. Si vous avez le temps, vous pouvez même louer une camionnette pour explorer le côté sauvage de la Nouvelle-Zélande.

Pour de nombreux voyageurs qui partent à la découverte de l’Inde, le voyage en Inde figure en tête de liste, et pour cause. Malgré la foule et le chaos, l’Inde est, à bien des égards, un pays où le mode de vie est zen et équilibré et où l’on trouve un sens à la vie.

13. Petra, Jordanie

Petra est devenue l’une des plus grandes victimes d’Instagram ces dernières années, mais si vous pouvez voir au-delà de la foule (conseil : arrivez tôt) et apprécier l’histoire séculaire de Petra, alors elle devrait figurer en tête de votre liste de choses à faire !

12. New York City, New York, États-Unis

C’est un vieux truc mais un bon truc – New York, New York. Vous devriez absolument essayer de venir ici dans la vingtaine et vous imprégner des bars et clubs souterrains, des rues animées en surface et de l’oasis de paix qu’est Central Park. C’est une jungle de béton, bien sûr… mais c’est là que les rêves sont faits – n’est-ce pas Jay Z ?

11. Laponie, Finlande

Si vous n’avez pas encore vu de photos des aurores boréales, l’une des beautés naturelles les plus étonnantes du monde, n’oubliez pas de chercher le terme « Aurore boréale de Laponie » sur un moteur de recherche. La Laponie est un endroit idéal pour observer les étoiles pendant les mois d’hiver. Attendez-vous à être assis dans l’obscurité permanente sans savoir l’heure, mais c’est une expérience inégalée que vous n’aurez pas ailleurs.

10. Vallée de la mort, États-Unis

Ok, donc il n’y a pas grand chose là…. et les gens qui y sont allés vous diront probablement de ne pas y aller (ce qui est probablement le mot clé ici). Mais c’est un endroit formidable à visiter si vous faites le roadtrip d’une côte à l’autre ou si vous vous rendez à Vegas pour Los Angeles.

9. Patagonie

Il est beaucoup plus difficile de se rendre sur place et probablement de rester sur la liste des rêves plutôt que sur la liste des choses à faire, mais nous ne pouvions pas ne pas inclure la PATAGONIE !

Les pays scandinaves sont très prisés pour les jeunes de 20 ans qui visitent l’Europe. Mais si vous recherchez quelque chose de légèrement (comme beaucoup) plus satisfaisant que le bus de croisière habituel qui se déplace d’un pays d’Europe centrale à l’autre, allez voir ce qui se passe en Norvège, en Suède et même au Danemark. Ces pays sont culturellement riches et offrent une expérience complètement différente de celle que l’on trouve partout ailleurs en Europe. Ici, nous avons une ville balnéaire pittoresque en Norvège appelée « Bodo »…

7. Rio de Janeiro, Brésil

L’Amérique du Sud n’est pas aussi populaire auprès des jeunes de 20 ans que l’Europe ou les États-Unis, mais il n’y a aucune raison qu’elle ne le soit pas ! Alors si vous voulez y aller, pourquoi ne pas y aller à fond ! !!

6. Cappadoce, Turquie

Vous avez vu les photos sur les médias sociaux, mais tant que vous ne volerez pas haut dans une mongolfière au-dessus des collines en contrebas, vous ne connaîtrez pas le sentiment d’une totale errance en Cappadoce !

5. Le chemin de l’Inca, Pérou

Une autre image très célèbre sur les médias sociaux est le Chemin Inca au Pérou. Pour les voyageurs actifs, c’est le point de départ idéal pour les randonnées en altitude et une destination idéale pour les jeunes de 20 ans.

4. Salt Flats, Bolivie

Les salines de Bolivie sont parmi les plus recherchées au monde. N’oubliez pas de commencer votre aventure dans la capitale bolivienne, La Paz, et si vous l’osez, partez à vélo sur la fameuse route de la mort.

Une autre grande aventure consiste à acheter une camionnette ou un camping-car, à l’équiper et à parcourir le pays d’Est en Ouest ou inversement.

2. Disneyland, Orlando, Floride

Vous vous dites probablement « euh… quoi ? », mais réfléchissons un peu à tout cela – mieux vaut tard que jamais, et si vous me demandez, grandir est de toute façon surfait. C’est l’une de mes destinations incontournables avant de me lancer dans la trentaine et elle devrait sûrement figurer sur votre liste aussi.

1. Cesky Krumlov, République tchèque

Enfin, un joyau caché en Europe centrale – Cesky Krumlov. À deux heures de bus de Prague, il se trouve en Bohême-duSud et doit être l’une de mes trouvailles préférées en Europe. Si vous pouvez l’aider, essayez de le visiter pendant l’été pour faire du rafting sur la Vlatva, avec différents emplacements de camping le long du chemin.

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The twin Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft are exploring where nothing from Earth has flown before. Continuing on their more-than-45-year journey since their 1977 launches, they each are much farther away from Earth and the Sun than Pluto.

Quick Facts

Voyager 2 launched on August 20, 1977, from Cape Canaveral, Florida aboard a Titan-Centaur rocket. On September 5, Voyager 1 launched, also from Cape Canaveral aboard a Titan-Centaur rocket.

Between them, Voyager 1 and 2 explored all the giant planets of our outer solar system, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune; 48 of their moons; and the unique system of rings and magnetic fields those planets possess.

The Voyager spacecraft are the third and fourth human spacecraft to fly beyond all the planets in our solar system. Pioneers 10 and 11 preceded Voyager in outstripping the gravitational attraction of the Sun.

Voyager 1 crossed the termination shock in December 2004 at about 94 AU from the Sun while Voyager 2 crossed it in August 2007 at about 84 AU.

Both Voyager spacecrafts carry a greeting to any form of life, should that be encountered. The message is carried by a phonograph record - -a 12-inch gold-plated copper disk containing sounds and images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth.

In August 2012, Voyager 1 made the historic entry into interstellar space, the region between stars, filled with material ejected by the death of nearby stars millions of years ago. Voyager 2 entered interstellar space on November 5, 2018 and scientists hope to learn more about this region. Both spacecraft are still sending scientific information about their surroundings through the Deep Space Network, or DSN.

The primary mission was the exploration of Jupiter and Saturn. After making a string of discoveries there — such as active volcanoes on Jupiter's moon Io and intricacies of Saturn's rings — the mission was extended. Voyager 2 went on to explore Uranus and Neptune, and is still the only spacecraft to have visited those outer planets. The adventurers' current mission, the Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM), will explore the outermost edge of the Sun's domain. And beyond.

Learn about Voyagers' mission status: where they are in the space, the time required to communicate with them, and a lot more.

Learn about the five science investigation teams, the four operating instruments on-board and the science data being returned to Earth.

The Voyager spacecraft have been exploring for decades. Dive deep into the journey with this interactive timeline.

Interact in 3D. Take a deeper look at the sophisticated systems and instruments that deliver the stunning science and images.

Interstellar Mission

The mission objective of the Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM) is to extend the NASA exploration of the solar system beyond the neighborhood of the outer planets to the outer limits of the Sun's sphere of influence, and possibly beyond.

Planetary Voyage

The twin spacecraft Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were launched by NASA in separate months in the summer of 1977 from Cape Canaveral, Florida. As originally designed, the Voyagers were to conduct closeup studies of Jupiter and Saturn, Saturn's rings, and the larger moons of the two planets.

Questions, answers and interviews that explain the Voyager mission.

Voyager, NASA’s Longest-Lived Mission, Logs 45 Years in Space

This archival image taken at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory on March 23, 1977, shows engineers preparing the Voyager 2 spacecraft ahead of its launch later that year.

Launched in 1977, the twin Voyager probes are NASA’s longest-operating mission and the only spacecraft ever to explore interstellar space.

NASA’s twin Voyager probes have become, in some ways, time capsules of their era: They each carry an eight-track tape player for recording data, they have about 3 million times less memory than modern cellphones, and they transmit data about 38,000 times slower than a 5G internet connection.

Yet the Voyagers remain on the cutting edge of space exploration. Managed and operated by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, they are the only probes to ever explore interstellar space – the galactic ocean that our Sun and its planets travel through.

The Sun and the planets reside in the heliosphere, a protective bubble created by the Sun’s magnetic field and the outward flow of solar wind (charged particles from the Sun). Researchers – some of them younger than the two distant spacecraft – are combining Voyager’s observations with data from newer missions to get a more complete picture of our Sun and how the heliosphere interacts with interstellar space.

NASA’s Solar System Interactive lets users see where the Voyagers are right now relative to the planets, the Sun, and other spacecraft. View it yourself here . Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

“The heliophysics mission fleet provides invaluable insights into our Sun, from understanding the corona or the outermost part of the Sun’s atmosphere, to examining the Sun’s impacts throughout the solar system, including here on Earth, in our atmosphere, and on into interstellar space,” said Nicola Fox, director of the Heliophysics Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “Over the last 45 years, the Voyager missions have been integral in providing this knowledge and have helped change our understanding of the Sun and its influence in ways no other spacecraft can.”

The Voyagers are also ambassadors, each carrying a golden record containing images of life on Earth, diagrams of basic scientific principles, and audio that includes sounds from nature, greetings in multiple languages, and music. The gold-coated records serve as a cosmic “message in a bottle” for anyone who might encounter the space probes. At the rate gold decays in space and is eroded by cosmic radiation, the records will last more than a billion years.

45 Years of Voyager I and II

Launched in 1977, NASA’s twin Voyager spacecraft inspired the world with pioneering visits to Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Their journey continues 45 years later as both probes explore interstellar space, the region outside the protective heliosphere created by our Sun. Researchers – some younger than the spacecraft – are now using Voyager data to solve mysteries of our solar system and beyond.

This archival photo shows engineers working on vibration acoustics and pyro shock testing of NASA’s Voyager on Nov. 18, 1976. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

NASA’s Voyager 1 acquired this image of a volcanic explosion on Io on March 4, 1979, about 11 hours before the spacecraft’s closest approach to the moon of Jupiter.

Neptune’s green-blue atmosphere was shown in greater detail than ever before in this image from NASA’s Voyager 2 as the spacecraft rapidly approached its encounter with the giant planet in August 1989.

This updated version of the iconic "Pale Blue Dot" image taken by the Voyager 1 spacecraft uses modern image-processing software and techniques to revisit the well-known Voyager view while attempting to respect the original data and intent of those who planned the images.

This illustrated graphic was made to mark Voyager 1’s entry into interstellar space in 2012. It puts solar system distances in perspective, with the scale bar in astronomical units and each set distance beyond 1 AU (the average distance between the Sun and Earth) representing 10 times the previous distance.

This graphic highlights some of the Voyager mission’s key accomplishments. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech Full image details

This graphic provides some of the mission’s key statistics from 2018, when NASA’s Voyager 2 probe exited the heliosphere. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech Full image details

Beyond Expectations

Voyager 2 launched on Aug. 20, 1977, quickly followed by Voyager 1 on Sept. 5. Both probes traveled to Jupiter and Saturn, with Voyager 1 moving faster and reaching them first. Together, the probes unveiled much about the solar system’s two largest planets and their moons. Voyager 2 also became the first and only spacecraft to fly close to Uranus (in 1986) and Neptune (in 1989), offering humanity remarkable views of – and insights into – these distant worlds.

While Voyager 2 was conducting these flybys, Voyager 1 headed toward the boundary of the heliosphere. Upon exiting it in 2012 , Voyager 1 discovered that the heliosphere blocks 70% of cosmic rays, or energetic particles created by exploding stars. Voyager 2, after completing its planetary explorations, continued to the heliosphere boundary, exiting in 2018 . The twin spacecraft’s combined data from this region has challenged previous theories about the exact shape of the heliosphere.

Voyager 1 and 2 have accomplished a lot since they launched in 1977. This infographic highlights the mission’s major milestones, including visiting the four outer planets and exiting the heliosphere, or the protective bubble of magnetic fields and particles created by the Sun.

“Today, as both Voyagers explore interstellar space, they are providing humanity with observations of uncharted territory,” said Linda Spilker, Voyager’s deputy project scientist at JPL. “This is the first time we’ve been able to directly study how a star, our Sun, interacts with the particles and magnetic fields outside our heliosphere, helping scientists understand the local neighborhood between the stars, upending some of the theories about this region, and providing key information for future missions.”

The Long Journey

Over the years, the Voyager team has grown accustomed to surmounting challenges that come with operating such mature spacecraft, sometimes calling upon retired colleagues for their expertise or digging through documents written decades ago.

Each Voyager is powered by a radioisotope thermoelectric generator containing plutonium, which gives off heat that is converted to electricity. As the plutonium decays, the heat output decreases and the Voyagers lose electricity. To compensate , the team turned off all nonessential systems and some once considered essential, including heaters that protect the still-operating instruments from the frigid temperatures of space. All five of the instruments that have had their heaters turned off since 2019 are still working, despite being well below the lowest temperatures they were ever tested at.

Get the Latest JPL News

Recently, Voyager 1 began experiencing an issue that caused status information about one of its onboard systems to become garbled. Despite this, the system and spacecraft otherwise continue to operate normally, suggesting the problem is with the production of the status data, not the system itself. The probe is still sending back science observations while the engineering team tries to fix the problem or find a way to work around it.

“The Voyagers have continued to make amazing discoveries, inspiring a new generation of scientists and engineers,” said Suzanne Dodd, project manager for Voyager at JPL. “We don’t know how long the mission will continue, but we can be sure that the spacecraft will provide even more scientific surprises as they travel farther away from the Earth.”

More About the Mission

A division of Caltech in Pasadena, JPL built and operates the Voyager spacecraft. The Voyager missions are a part of the NASA Heliophysics System Observatory, sponsored by the Heliophysics Division of the Science Mission Directorate in Washington.

For more information about the Voyager spacecraft, visit:

https://www.nasa.gov/voyager

News Media Contact

Calla Cofield

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.

626-808-2469

[email protected]

The remarkable twin Voyager spacecraft continue to explore the outer reaches of the solar system decades after they completed their surveys of the Outer Planets.  Launched in 1977 (September 5 for Voyager 1 (V1) and August 20 for Voyager 2 (V2), whose trajectory took it past Jupiter after Voyager 1), the spacecraft pair made many fundamental discoveries as they flew past Jupiter (March 1979 for V1, July 1979 for V2) and Saturn (November 1980 for V1, August 1981 for V2).  The path of Voyager 2 past Saturn was targeted so that it continued within the plane of the solar system, allowing it to become the first spacecraft to visit Uranus (January 1986) and Neptune (August 1989).  Following the Neptune encounter, both spacecraft started a new phase of exploration under the intriguing title of the Voyager Interstellar Mission.

Five instruments continue to collect important measurements of magnetic fields, plasmas, and charged particles as both spacecraft explore different portions of the solar system beyond the orbits of the planets.  Voyager 1 is now more than 118 astronomical units (one AU is equal to the average orbital distance of Earth from the Sun) distant from the sun, traveling at a speed (relative to the sun) of 17.1 kilometers per second (10.6 miles per second).  Voyager 2 is now more than 96 AU from the sun, traveling at a speed of 15.5 kilometers per second (9.6 miles per second).  Both spacecraft are moving considerably faster than Pioneers 10 and 11, two earlier spacecraft that became the first robotic visitors to fly past Jupiter and Saturn in the mid-70s.

This processed color image of Jupiter was produced in 1990 by the U.S. Geological Survey from a Voyager image captured in 1979. The colors have been enhanced to bring out detail. Zones of light-colored, ascending clouds alternate with bands of dark, descending clouds. The clouds travel around the planet in alternating eastward and westward belts at speeds of up to 540 kilometers per hour. Tremendous storms as big as Earthly continents surge around the planet. The Great Red Spot (oval shape toward the lower-left) is an enormous anticyclonic storm that drifts along its belt, eventually circling the entire planet.

As seen in the night sky at Earth, Voyager 1 is within the confines of the constellation Ophiuchus, only slightly above the celestial equator; no telescope can see it, but radio contact is expected to be maintained for at least the next ten years.  Voyager 2 is within the bounds of the constellation Telescopium (which somehow sounds quite appropriate) in the far southern night sky.

Both spacecraft have already passed something called the Termination Shock † (December 2004 for V1, August 2007 for V2), where the solar wind slows as it starts to interact with the particles and fields present between the stars.  It is expected that both spacecraft will encounter the Heliopause, where the solar wind ceases as true interstellar space begins, from 10 to 20 years after crossing the Termination Shock.  Theories exist for what should be present in interstellar space, but the Voyagers will become the first man-made objects to go beyond the influences of the Sun, hopefully returning the first measurements of what it is like out there.  Each spacecraft is carrying a metal record with encoded sounds and sights from Earth, along with the needle needed to read the recordings, and simplified instructions for where the spacecraft came from, in case they are eventually discovered by intelligent extra-terrestrials.

Keep track of the Voyager spacecraft on the official  Voyager Interstellar Mission website or follow  @NASAVoyager2 on Twitter.    † The sun ejects a continuous stream of charged particles (electrons, protons, etc) that is collectively termed the solar wind.  The particles are traveling extremely fast and are dense enough to form a very tenuous atmosphere; the heliosphere represents the volume of space where the effects of the solar wind dominate over those of particles in interstellar space.  The solar wind particles are moving very much faster than the local speed of sound represented by their low volume density.  When the particles begin to interact with interstellar particles and fields (the interaction can be either physically running into other particles or experiencing an electromagnetic force resulting from a charged particle moving within a magnetic field), then they start to slow down.  The point at which they become subsonic (rather than their normal hypersonic speed) is the Termination Shock.

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Science News

‘humanity’s spacecraft’ voyager 1 is back online and still exploring.

After five months of glitching, the spacecraft is talking to Earth again from interstellar space

The Voyager 1 spacecraft (illustrated) is back online after a few months of transmitting garbled data. It’s now poised to continue its exploration of interstellar space.

JPL-Caltech/NASA

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By Ramin Skibba

April 26, 2024 at 11:45 am

After months of challenging trouble-shooting and suspenseful waiting, Voyager 1 is once again talking to Earth.

The aging NASA spacecraft, about 24 billion kilometers from home, began transmitting garbled data in November. On April 20, NASA scientists got the probe back online after uploading new flight software to work around a chunk of onboard computer memory that had failed. They’re now receiving data about the spacecraft’s health and hope to hear from its science instruments again in a few weeks, says Suzanne Dodd, the mission’s project manager at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif.

That means the iconic craft could be on a path to recovery — and to continue its exploration of interstellar space.

Launched in 1977, Voyager 1 briefly visited Jupiter and Saturn before eventually departing the solar system. It and its twin, Voyager 2, are the longest-operating space probes, now tasked with studying far-flung solar particles and cosmic rays. In particular, the probes have been monitoring the changing of the sun’s magnetic field and the density of plasma beyond the solar system, yielding information about the farthest reaches of the sun’s influence .

“The spacecraft is really remarkable in its longevity. It’s incredible,” Dodd says. “We want to keep Voyager going as long as possible so we have this time record of these changes.”

Voyager 1 and 2, cruising along diverging paths, made history by crossing the heliopause in 2012 and 2018 , respectively ( SN: 9/12/13; SN: 12/10/18 ). At nearly 18 billion kilometers from the sun, that’s long been considered the outer extent of our star’s magnetic field and the solar wind, the boundary before interstellar space.

Since then, Dodd says, the science team has made some surprising findings ( SN: 11/4/19 ). For one, they’ve determined that the heliosphere, the huge bubble of space dominated by the solar wind, might not be spherical but have one or two tails, making it shaped like a comet or a croissant.

And thanks to Voyager, scientists now know that, despite expectations otherwise, the sun’s magnetic field and charged particles actually remain significant even beyond the heliopause, says David McComas, a Princeton University astrophysicist not involved in the mission.

Some theories predicted a serene environment in the distant oceans of interstellar space, but the Voyagers keep passing through waves of charged particles, indicating that the solar magnetic field still holds some sway there. What’s more, the probes’ data have shown how ripples in the field form bubbles at the edge of the solar system, which is more frothy and dynamic than expected.

Other missions have begun building on Voyager’s solar physics research. These include NASA’s Interstellar Boundary Explorer, or IBEX, and the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe, or IMAP, which is set to launch next year. Earth-orbiting IBEX has been measuring high-energy particles to map the heliosphere for 15 years, whereas IMAP will orbit between the sun and Earth, giving it an uninterrupted view of the sun as it monitors the galactic cosmic rays that manage to filter through the heliosphere.

“There’s a huge synergy between the Voyagers and both IBEX and IMAP,” says McComas, principal investigator of the latter two missions. “We were all really scared when Voyager 1 stopped phoning home.”

It will be decades until another mission could accomplish what the Voyagers have done. NASA’s New Horizons soared by Pluto in 2015 and kept going ( SN:8/9/18 ). It’s heading toward the edge of the solar system, but it’s cruising slowly and will run out of power before it can collect data beyond the heliopause.

The Voyagers can fly forever, but power for their instruments is waning. Over the next few years, NASA will shut some down to conserve energy for the rest.

That means Voyager 1’s days of collecting science data are numbered. “It’s a very beloved mission,” Dodd says. “It’s humanity’s spacecraft, and we need to take care of it.”

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Voyager 1 and 2: The Interstellar Mission

An image of Neptune taken by the Voyager 2 spacecraft. Image credit: NASA

NASA has beautiful photos of every planet in our solar system. We even have images of faraway Neptune , as you can see in the photo above.

Neptune is much too distant for an astronaut to travel there with a camera. So, how do we have pictures from distant locations in our solar system? Our photographers were two spacecraft, called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2!

An artist’s rendering of one of the Voyager spacecraft. Image credit: NASA

The Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft launched from Earth in 1977. Their mission was to explore Jupiter and Saturn —and beyond to the outer planets of our solar system. This was a big task. No human-made object had ever attempted a journey like that before.

The two spacecraft took tens of thousands of pictures of Jupiter and Saturn and their moons. The pictures from Voyager 1 and 2 allowed us to see lots of things for the first time. For example, they captured detailed photos of Jupiter's clouds and storms, and the structure of Saturn's rings .

Image of storms on Jupiter taken by the Voyager 1 spacecraft. Image credit: NASA

Voyager 1 and 2 also discovered active volcanoes on Jupiter's moon Io , and much more. Voyager 2 also took pictures of Uranus and Neptune. Together, the Voyager missions discovered 22 moons.

Since then, these spacecraft have continued to travel farther away from us. Voyager 1 and 2 are now so far away that they are in interstellar space —the region between the stars. No other spacecraft have ever flown this far away.

Where will Voyager go next?

Watch this video to find out what's beyond our solar system!

Both spacecraft are still sending information back to Earth. This data will help us learn about conditions in the distant solar system and interstellar space.

The Voyagers have enough fuel and power to operate until 2025 and beyond. Sometime after this they will not be able to communicate with Earth anymore. Unless something stops them, they will continue to travel on and on, passing other stars after many thousands of years.

Each Voyager spacecraft also carries a message. Both spacecraft carry a golden record with scenes and sounds from Earth. The records also contain music and greetings in different languages. So, if intelligent life ever find these spacecraft, they may learn something about Earth and us as well!

A photo of the golden record that was sent into space on both Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

More about our universe!

Where does interstellar space begin?

Searching for other planets like ours

Play Galactic Explorer!

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22.5 light hours —

Recoding voyager 1—nasa’s interstellar explorer is finally making sense again, "we're pretty much seeing everything we had hoped for, and that's always good news.”.

Stephen Clark - Apr 23, 2024 5:56 pm UTC

Engineers have partially restored a 1970s-era computer on NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft after five months of long-distance troubleshooting, building confidence that humanity's first interstellar probe can eventually resume normal operations.

Several dozen scientists and engineers gathered Saturday in a conference room at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, or connected virtually, to wait for a new signal from Voyager 1. The ground team sent a command up to Voyager 1 on Thursday to recode part of the memory of the spacecraft's Flight Data Subsystem (FDS) , one of the probe's three computers.

“In the minutes leading up to when we were going to see a signal, you could have heard a pin drop in the room," said Linda Spilker, project scientist for NASA's two Voyager spacecraft at JPL. "It was quiet. People were looking very serious. They were looking at their computer screens. Each of the subsystem (engineers) had pages up that they were looking at, to watch as they would be populated."

Finally, a breakthrough

Launched nearly 47 years ago, Voyager 1 is flying on an outbound trajectory more than 15 billion miles (24 billion kilometers) from Earth, and it takes 22-and-a-half hours for a radio signal to cover that distance at the speed of light. This means it takes nearly two days for engineers to uplink a command to Voyager 1 and get a response.

In November, Voyager 1 suddenly stopped transmitting its usual stream of data containing information about the spacecraft's health and measurements from its scientific instruments. Instead, the spacecraft's data stream was entirely unintelligible. Because the telemetry was unreadable, experts on the ground could not easily tell what went wrong. They hypothesized the source of the problem might be in the memory bank of the FDS.

There was a breakthrough last month when engineers sent up a novel command to "poke" Voyager 1's FDS to send back a readout of its memory. This readout allowed engineers to pinpoint the location of the problem in the FDS memory . The FDS is responsible for packaging engineering and scientific data for transmission to Earth.

After a few weeks, NASA was ready to uplink a solution to get the FDS to resume packing engineering data. This data stream includes information on the status of the spacecraft—things like power levels and temperature measurements. This command went up to Voyager 1 through one of NASA's large Deep Space Network antennas Thursday.

Then, the wait for a response. Spilker, who started working on Voyager right out of college in 1977, was in the room when Voyager 1's signal reached Earth Saturday.

"When the time came to get the signal, we could clearly see all of a sudden, boom, we had data, and there were tears and smiles and high fives," she told Ars. "Everyone was very happy and very excited to see that, hey, we're back in communication again with Voyager 1. We're going to see the status of the spacecraft, the health of the spacecraft, for the first time in five months."

Throughout the five months of troubleshooting, Voyager's ground team continued to receive signals indicating the spacecraft was still alive. But until Saturday, they lacked insight into specific details about the status of Voyager 1.

“It’s pretty much just the way we left it," Spilker said. "We're still in the initial phases of analyzing all of the channels and looking at their trends. Some of the temperatures went down a little bit with this period of time that's gone on, but we're pretty much seeing everything we had hoped for. And that's always good news.”

Relocating code

Through their investigation, Voyager's ground team discovered a single chip responsible for storing a portion of the FDS memory stopped working, probably due to either a cosmic ray hit or a failure of aging hardware. This affected some of the computer's software code.

"That took out a section of memory," Spilker said. "What they have to do is relocate that code into a different portion of the memory, and then make sure that anything that uses those codes, those subroutines, know to go to the new location of memory, for access and to run it."

Only about 3 percent of the FDS memory was corrupted by the bad chip, so engineers needed to transplant that code into another part of the memory bank. But no single location is large enough to hold the section of code in its entirety, NASA said.

So the Voyager team divided the code into sections for storage in different places in the FDS. This wasn't just a copy-and-paste job. Engineers needed to modify some of the code to make sure it will all work together. "Any references to the location of that code in other parts of the FDS memory needed to be updated as well," NASA said in a statement.

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"Une nouvelle expérience"

20 destinations de voyage à visiter dans la vingtaine

Jeunesse, trésor divin et vous ne reviendrez pas.... Quand j'ai envie de pleurer, je ne pleure pas, et parfois je pleure sans le vouloir .... Ces sages paroles du poète nicaraguayen Ruben Dario, expliquent parfaitement l'énergie et l'impétuosité de la jeunesse. Ils aident à réaliser que la vie est un trésor précieux et bref et que nous devrions investir du temps pour remplir nos cœurs de joie. Voyager est le meilleur moyen d'y parvenir. Pour ceux qui sont dans la vingtaine, nous avons choisi nos 20 destinations de voyage préférées à visiter à travers le monde pour vivre l'émerveillement d'être libre et jeune.

Destinations #1 : New York, États-Unis d'Amérique.

Il faut absolument prendre un peu de cette grosse et délicieuse pomme. De la beauté naturelle de Central Park à la grandeur du Met Museum, en passant par la chic de la Petite Italie, cette ville offre une infinité de lieux et d'activités qui s'adapteront à votre personnalité, vos goûts et vos envies. Allez voir le Roi Lion sur Broadway, achetez des épices à Chinatown, appréciez les créations de Warhol au MoMa, mangez un morceau à Greenwich Village et marchez librement sur le pont de Brooklyn. Tu vas l'adorer.

Destinations #2 : Bangkok, Thaïlande.

Cette ville va vous époustoufler. Il est coloré, fort et rapide. Vous pouvez aller au ghetto touristique - il y a beaucoup d'auberges, de bars, de restaurants et toutes sortes de magasins. D'autres incontournables à voir sont les temples : Le Wat Phra Kaew, le Wat Pho et le Wat Arun offrant les meilleurs couchers de soleil. Ne manquez pas l'occasion de faire du tuk-tuk et de faire des affaires à Chinatown. Allez au marché flottant de Damnoen Saduak et essayez les fruits exotiques. C'est tout simplement génial. Prenez le temps de profiter d'un massage thaï et de prendre une photo avec le Bouddha couché.

Destinations #3 : Fidji, Japon.

Ces îles sont un petit coin de paradis sur terre. Vous pouvez revendiquer les montagnes de Namosi, faire du rafting sur la rivière Navua, faire la fête à Suva ou explorer les orchidées sauvages. Les plages sont vraiment spectaculaires, calmes et propres. La nourriture est très savoureuse et les gens sont gentils. Les gens du coin se fichent de l'heure et font la sieste à midi. En arrivant au village, on vous demandera si vous voulez boire du Kava. Après avoir bu, n'oubliez pas de rendre le bol et d'applaudir trois fois.

Destinations #4 : Barcelone, Espagne.

Si vous aimez l'architecture, vous allez adorer cet endroit. Vous devez visiter le parc Güell et la maison Batllo. Vous aimez la musique ? Va au Razzmatazz. Vous aimez l'art ? Allez au Musée Picasso. Vous aimez la nature ? Réclamez la montagne de Montjuic. Ne quittez pas la ville sans goûter les délicieux fruits de mer à la paella ! Visitez l'une des Statues de la Liberté et essayez d'obtenir le mot de passe pour entrer dans le bar secret Dry Martini.

Destinations #5 : Londres, Royaume-Uni.

La maison de la Reine (Elizabeth ou Freddie) est merveilleuse et aussi drôle. Si vous aimez le football, vous pouvez visiter l'Emirates Stadium. Pour profiter de l'architecture, allez à Big Ben, Westminster Abby ou au Buckingham Palace. Pour les amateurs de plein air est le Sherwood Forrest. Vous devez absolument prendre le temps d'aller à Liverpool, de visiter ses pubs et de sauter dans la grande roue du London Eye. Ne manquez pas la date du thé !

Destinations #6 : Cracovie, Pologne.

C'est une ville très imposante. Sa place principale est un bel endroit pour se promener, s'asseoir et simplement admirer la vue. Visitez le château de Wawel où se trouve un tableau de Léonard de Vinci, entrez dans la grotte du dragon Smocza Jama et admirez la merveilleuse sculpture. Visitez l'usine Schlinder's et montrez votre respect sur la place des héros. Il faut aller aux mines de sel de Wielickza, chercher les sculptures de Karol Wojtyla et manger du Zapienkanka dans le quartier juif de Kazimierz. Écoutez chaque jour le chant inachevé du trompettiste.

Destinations #7 : Berlin, Allemagne.

La première étape de ce voyage peut commencer à la Porte de Branderburger. Il vous donnera accès au parc Tiergarten. Plus tard, vous pourrez vous rafraîchir les yeux dans le Panoramapunkt, prendre une bière locale et apprécier l'art. Si vous aimez danser, visitez la Clärchens Ballhaus qui est une ancienne salle de danse qui sert de la nourriture, des boissons et accueille des soirées thématiques. La East Side Gallery est la plus grande galerie du genre au monde et est une partie ancienne du mur de Berlin. Vous pouvez visiter 180 musées à Berlin. Il est impossible de s'ennuyer ici.

Destinations #8 : Rio de Janeiro, Brésil.

La Samba possède l'une des plus grandes plages du monde. Ipanema est une zone très luxueuse et idéale pour faire du shopping. Le célèbre Copacabana est très bohème. A voir également le Christ Rédempteur qui est vraiment spectaculaire, offrant l'une des vues les plus étonnantes sur la ville. Il y a le stade Maracana où l'on joue au football et d'importants concerts. Apportez donc votre suite balançoire, votre crème solaire et votre énergie à la samba !

Destinations #9 : Dublin. Irlande.

Saviez-vous que les restes de St Valentin sont enterrés à Dublin ? Oui, mais le saint le plus célèbre est Patrick (passez au vert !). C'est une ville idyllique à être, des forêts épaisses et vertes, des châteaux imposants et pleins de littérature partout où vous allez. Il y a des tournées littéraires faites par des acteurs qui vous emmèneront dans des pubs et vous raconteront des histoires magiques. Si vous aimez la bière, vous pouvez vous rendre à la Guinness Storehouse et profiter de la vue la plus spectaculaire sur la ville. Va là-bas et trouve un lutin !

Destinations #10 : Buenos Aires, Argentine.

Il n'y a pas que le tango et le thé au maté à connaître de Buenos Aires. Le Planétarium de Galilée est une œuvre d'art, d'architecture et de science spectaculaire. Il existe de nombreux types de musées comme la maison Carlos Gardel et le musée Evita Peron. Le Palermo Soho est une zone magnifique avec plusieurs galeries d'art, restaurants, bars, pubs, boutiques, théâtres et librairies. Assurez-vous de visiter le Floralis générique qui est une sculpture étonnante d'une fleur qui ouvre ses pétales avec la lumière du soleil et d'aller au cimetière Recoleta qui a des œuvres d'art merveilleux. C'est notre numéro 10 des destinations de voyage les plus populaires.

Destinations de voyage #11 : Florence, Italie.

Dans cette ville artistique vous pouvez voir le fantastique David de Miguel Angelo, prendre une délicieuse glace, boire un verre de vin Chianti, réclamer le Campanile di Giotto pour profiter de la vue magique, faire un tour gastronomique, visiter la galerie Uffizy. Il faut aller au palais de Veccio et voir la sculpture de la tête d'une femme étrange que les légendes ont dit qu'il s'agit d'une vraie femme transformée en pierre. Effrayant !

Destinations de voyage #12 : Las Vegas, États-Unis d'Amérique.

Le spectacle des fontaines du Bellagio est à voir absolument dans cette Destinations Voyage #11, la ville du péché qui n'est pas seulement les casinos et les jeux de hasard. Vous pouvez conduire un véhicule Nascar, rouler sur des montagnes russes étonnantes et effrayantes, visiter le Neon and Mob Museum. Il y a beaucoup de spectacles que vous pouvez apprécier, comme le Cirque Du Solei et le magicien David Copperfield. Tout faire - parce que ce qui se passe à Vegas reste à Vegas, n'est-ce pas ?

Destinations #13 : Tel Aviv, Israël.

Cette grande orange offre de belles plages méditerranéennes. Vous pouvez faire du surf et de la plongée, profiter de l'architecture du Bauhaus, aller au marché au port de Jaffa, visiter le musée Eretz et manger au marché de Sarona. Ne manquez pas la tour de l'horloge et mangez dans la boulangerie Abulafya, c'est tellement bon ! Saviez-vous que Tel-Aviv a plusieurs bunkers ? Si vous avez assez de temps, ne manquez pas l'occasion de visiter Jérusalem avec son Musée national Jad Vashem et le Mur occidental.

Destinations #14 : Mykonos, Grèce.

Les labyrinthes de petites maisons blanches rendent la Grèce unique. Au port de Mykonos, vous pourrez profiter de la meilleure gastronomie de la ville. Il y a tellement de restaurants, de galeries d'art et d'églises. Tu devrais peut-être aller au musée archéologique et voir le cheval de Troie. Les meilleures boîtes de nuit sont les plages, comme la plage de Paradiso. Il était une fois un pélican blessé a été sauvé de ses blessures à Mykonos et il revenait toujours pour remercier, c'est la raison pour laquelle beaucoup de pélicans y vivent.

Destinations #15 : Tokyo, Japon.

Saviez-vous que de nombreuses rues du Japon sont couvertes de toits ?  Oui, Tokyo est une ville passionnante, si rapide, lumineuse et pleine de vie. Il y a plusieurs bains thermaux autour de la ville que vous devez essayer. Les gares du train sont spectaculaires. Ginza est excellent pour le shopping, le jardin Hama Rikyu est idéal pour les promenades, les musées et toutes sortes d'endroits amusants que vous pouvez trouver. La nourriture de rue est incroyable !

Destination de voyage #16 : Parc National de Canaima, Venezuela.

Au nord du sud de l'Amérique il y a un pays de possibilités qui cache plusieurs endroits à couper le souffle. L'un d'eux est Canaima. Vous pouvez voir les tepuyes qui sont d'immenses plateaux de roches faites par Dieu. Salto Angel est la plus grande cascade du monde et elle est là. Canaima offre la vue la plus spectaculaire des couchers de soleil. Les habitants sont des gens très authentiques et c'est un endroit idéal pour être sauvage et se rapprocher de la Terre Mère.

Destinations de voyage #17 : Machu Picchu, Pérou.

C'est un vieux village inca considéré comme un joyau de l'architecture et de l'ingénierie pour sa voie d'accès. Son usage agricole va vous époustoufler. Son emplacement a été choisi intentionnellement par les Incas pour plusieurs raisons comme l'astronomie, les conditions du sol, les propositions religieuses et toutes les choses mystérieuses que nous ignorons. L'énergie y est magique et étonnante pour la randonnée.

Destinations #18 : Nice, France.

Quand vous arrivez dans ce lieu romantique, allez au jardin Albert Ier. La place Massena accueille de magnifiques sculptures qui valent la peine de s'arrêter pour acheter et prendre quelques photos. Vous pouvez faire du shopping dans le Vieux Nice, visiter toutes les églises, les musées et ses plages calmes et exclusives. Le festival Mardi Gras est vraiment incroyable et amusant. C'est un endroit pour se détendre et faire la fête 24h/24 et 7j/7.

Destinations de voyage #19 :  Le Caire, Égypte.

Cette ville ancestrale est vraiment excitante. Vous avez plusieurs endroits à visiter comme la mosquée Ibn Tulun, la place Tahrir (avec des histoires politiques), le musée égyptien et entrez dans les pyramides. Être dans le sarcophage de la chambre du roi est hallucinant. Vous devez également aller au parc Al-Azhar qui est une oasis spectaculaire et prendre une bouchée de la nourriture délicieuse. Si vous aimez les bonbons, essayez le baklava qui est un délicieux dessert.

Destinations de voyage #20 :  Amsterdam, Hollande.

La première chose à faire à votre arrivée est de prendre un vélo et de vous rendre dans le quartier de Jordaan. Il est coloré, plein de galeries d'art, de bars, de restaurants, de magasins d'antiquités et de librairies. Vous pouvez également faire une croisière sur les chaînes emblématiques. Prenez une bouchée d'un hachage broodje qui est un délicieux plat de rue de poissons, d'oignons et de cornichons. Allez à une dégustation de bière artisanale ou à un café amusant. Les Bollenstreek (champs de tulipes) sont à couper le souffle. Il y a plusieurs musées et la maison d'Anne Frank. Ne manquez pas le populaire Red Light District et rappelez-vous que les maisons d'Amsterdam n'ont généralement pas de rideaux !

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• The Contents
• The Making of
• Where Are They Now
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Q & A with Ed Stone

golden record

Where are they now.

• frequently asked questions
• Q&A with Ed Stone

The Voyager Planetary Mission

The twin spacecraft Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were launched by NASA in separate months in the summer of 1977 from Cape Canaveral, Florida. As originally designed, the Voyagers were to conduct closeup studies of Jupiter and Saturn, Saturn's rings, and the larger moons of the two planets.

To accomplish their two-planet mission, the spacecraft were built to last five years. But as the mission went on, and with the successful achievement of all its objectives, the additional flybys of the two outermost giant planets, Uranus and Neptune, proved possible -- and irresistible to mission scientists and engineers at the Voyagers' home at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

As the spacecraft flew across the solar system, remote-control reprogramming was used to endow the Voyagers with greater capabilities than they possessed when they left the Earth. Their two-planet mission became four. Their five-year lifetimes stretched to 12 and more.

Eventually, between them, Voyager 1 and 2 would explore all the giant outer planets of our solar system, 48 of their moons, and the unique systems of rings and magnetic fields those planets possess.

Had the Voyager mission ended after the Jupiter and Saturn flybys alone, it still would have provided the material to rewrite astronomy textbooks. But having doubled their already ambitious itineraries, the Voyagers returned to Earth information over the years that has revolutionized the science of planetary astronomy, helping to resolve key questions while raising intriguing new ones about the origin and evolution of the planets in our solar system.

History of the Voyager Mission

The Voyager mission was designed to take advantage of a rare geometric arrangement of the outer planets in the late 1970s and the 1980s which allowed for a four-planet tour for a minimum of propellant and trip time. This layout of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, which occurs about every 175 years, allows a spacecraft on a particular flight path to swing from one planet to the next without the need for large onboard propulsion systems. The flyby of each planet bends the spacecraft's flight path and increases its velocity enough to deliver it to the next destination. Using this "gravity assist" technique, first demonstrated with NASA's Mariner 10 Venus/Mercury mission in 1973-74, the flight time to Neptune was reduced from 30 years to 12.

While the four-planet mission was known to be possible, it was deemed to be too expensive to build a spacecraft that could go the distance, carry the instruments needed and last long enough to accomplish such a long mission. Thus, the Voyagers were funded to conduct intensive flyby studies of Jupiter and Saturn only. More than 10,000 trajectories were studied before choosing the two that would allow close flybys of Jupiter and its large moon Io, and Saturn and its large moon Titan; the chosen flight path for Voyager 2 also preserved the option to continue on to Uranus and Neptune.

From the NASA Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida, Voyager 2 was launched first, on August 20, 1977; Voyager 1 was launched on a faster, shorter trajectory on September 5, 1977. Both spacecraft were delivered to space aboard Titan-Centaur expendable rockets.

The prime Voyager mission to Jupiter and Saturn brought Voyager 1 to Jupiter on March 5, 1979, and Saturn on November 12, 1980, followed by Voyager 2 to Jupiter on July 9, 1979, and Saturn on August 25, 1981.

Voyager 1's trajectory, designed to send the spacecraft closely past the large moon Titan and behind Saturn's rings, bent the spacecraft's path inexorably northward out of the ecliptic plane -- the plane in which most of the planets orbit the Sun. Voyager 2 was aimed to fly by Saturn at a point that would automatically send the spacecraft in the direction of Uranus.

After Voyager 2's successful Saturn encounter, it was shown that Voyager 2 would likely be able to fly on to Uranus with all instruments operating. NASA provided additional funding to continue operating the two spacecraft and authorized JPL to conduct a Uranus flyby. Subsequently, NASA also authorized the Neptune leg of the mission, which was renamed the Voyager Neptune Interstellar Mission.

Voyager 2 encountered Uranus on January 24, 1986, returning detailed photos and other data on the planet, its moons, magnetic field and dark rings. Voyager 1, meanwhile, continues to press outward, conducting studies of interplanetary space. Eventually, its instruments may be the first of any spacecraft to sense the heliopause -- the boundary between the end of the Sun's magnetic influence and the beginning of interstellar space. (Voyager 1 entered Interstellar Space on August 25, 2012.)

Following Voyager 2's closest approach to Neptune on August 25, 1989, the spacecraft flew southward, below the ecliptic plane and onto a course that will take it, too, to interstellar space. Reflecting the Voyagers' new transplanetary destinations, the project is now known as the Voyager Interstellar Mission.

Voyager 1 is now leaving the solar system, rising above the ecliptic plane at an angle of about 35 degrees at a rate of about 520 million kilometers (about 320 million miles) a year. Voyager 2 is also headed out of the solar system, diving below the ecliptic plane at an angle of about 48 degrees and a rate of about 470 million kilometers (about 290 million miles) a year.

Both spacecraft will continue to study ultraviolet sources among the stars, and the fields and particles instruments aboard the Voyagers will continue to search for the boundary between the Sun's influence and interstellar space. The Voyagers are expected to return valuable data for two or three more decades. Communications will be maintained until the Voyagers' nuclear power sources can no longer supply enough electrical energy to power critical subsystems.

The cost of the Voyager 1 and 2 missions -- including launch, mission operations from launch through the Neptune encounter and the spacecraft's nuclear batteries (provided by the Department of Energy) -- is $865 million. NASA budgeted an additional $30 million to fund the Voyager Interstellar Mission for two years following the Neptune encounter.

Voyagers 1 and 2 are identical spacecraft. Each is equipped with instruments to conduct 10 different experiments. The instruments include television cameras, infrared and ultraviolet sensors, magnetometers, plasma detectors, and cosmic-ray and charged-particle sensors. In addition, the spacecraft radio is used to conduct experiments.

The Voyagers travel too far from the Sun to use solar panels; instead, they were equipped with power sources called radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). These devices, used on other deep space missions, convert the heat produced from the natural radioactive decay of plutonium into electricity to power the spacecraft instruments, computers, radio and other systems.

The spacecraft are controlled and their data returned through the Deep Space Network (DSN), a global spacecraft tracking system operated by JPL for NASA. DSN antenna complexes are located in California's Mojave Desert; near Madrid, Spain; and in Tidbinbilla, near Canberra, Australia.

The Voyager project manager for the Interstellar Mission is George P. Textor of JPL. The Voyager project scientist is Dr. Edward C. Stone of the California Institute of Technology. The assistant project scientist for the Jupiter flyby was Dr. Arthur L. Lane, followed by Dr. Ellis D. Miner for the Saturn, Uranus and Neptune encounters. Both are with JPL.

JUPITER Voyager 1 made its closest approach to Jupiter on March 5, 1979, and Voyager 2 followed with its closest approach occurring on July 9, 1979. The first spacecraft flew within 277,400 kilometers (172,368 miles) of the planet's cloud tops, and Voyager 2 came within 650,180 kilometers (404,003 miles).

Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, composed mainly of hydrogen and helium, with small amounts of methane, ammonia, water vapor, traces of other compounds and a core of melted rock and ice. Colorful latitudinal bands and atmospheric clouds and storms illustrate Jupiter's dynamic weather system. The giant planet is now known to possess 16 moons. The planet completes one orbit of the Sun each 11.8 years and its day is 9 hours, 55 minutes.

Although astronomers had studied Jupiter through telescopes on Earth for centuries, scientists were surprised by many of the Voyager findings.

The Great Red Spot was revealed as a complex storm moving in a counterclockwise direction. An array of other smaller storms and eddies were found throughout the banded clouds.

Discovery of active volcanism on the satellite Io was easily the greatest unexpected discovery at Jupiter. It was the first time active volcanoes had been seen on another body in the solar system. Together, the Voyagers observed the eruption of nine volcanoes on Io, and there is evidence that other eruptions occurred between the Voyager encounters.

Plumes from the volcanoes extend to more than 300 kilometers (190 miles) above the surface. The Voyagers observed material ejected at velocities up to a kilometer per second.

Io's volcanoes are apparently due to heating of the satellite by tidal pumping. Io is perturbed in its orbit by Europa and Ganymede, two other large satellites nearby, then pulled back again into its regular orbit by Jupiter. This tug-of-war results in tidal bulging as great as 100 meters (330 feet) on Io's surface, compared with typical tidal bulges on Earth of one meter (three feet).

It appears that volcanism on Io affects the entire jovian system, in that it is the primary source of matter that pervades Jupiter's magnetosphere -- the region of space surrounding the planet influenced by the jovian magnetic field. Sulfur, oxygen and sodium, apparently erupted by Io's many volcanoes and sputtered off the surface by impact of high-energy particles, were detected as far away as the outer edge of the magnetosphere millions of miles from the planet itself.

Europa displayed a large number of intersecting linear features in the low-resolution photos from Voyager 1. At first, scientists believed the features might be deep cracks, caused by crustal rifting or tectonic processes. The closer high-resolution photos from Voyager 2, however, left scientists puzzled: The features were so lacking in topographic relief that as one scientist described them, they "might have been painted on with a felt marker." There is a possibility that Europa may be internally active due to tidal heating at a level one-tenth or less than that of Io. Europa is thought to have a thin crust (less than 30 kilometers or 18 miles thick) of water ice, possibly floating on a 50-kilometer-deep (30-mile) ocean.

Ganymede turned out to be the largest moon in the solar system, with a diameter measuring 5,276 kilometers (3,280 miles). It showed two distinct types of terrain -- cratered and grooved -- suggesting to scientists that Ganymede's entire icy crust has been under tension from global tectonic processes.

Callisto has a very old, heavily cratered crust showing remnant rings of enormous impact craters. The largest craters have apparently been erased by the flow of the icy crust over geologic time. Almost no topographic relief is apparent in the ghost remnants of the immense impact basins, identifiable only by their light color and the surrounding subdued rings of concentric ridges.

A faint, dusty ring of material was found around Jupiter. Its outer edge is 129,000 kilometers (80,000 miles) from the center of the planet, and it extends inward about 30,000 kilometers (18,000 miles).

Two new, small satellites, Adrastea and Metis, were found orbiting just outside the ring. A third new satellite, Thebe, was discovered between the orbits of Amalthea and Io.

Jupiter's rings and moons exist within an intense radiation belt of electrons and ions trapped in the planet's magnetic field. These particles and fields comprise the jovian magnetosphere, or magnetic environment, which extends three to seven million kilometers toward the Sun, and stretches in a windsock shape at least as far as Saturn's orbit -- a distance of 750 million kilometers (460 million miles).

As the magnetosphere rotates with Jupiter, it sweeps past Io and strips away about 1,000 kilograms (one ton) of material per second. The material forms a torus, a doughnut-shaped cloud of ions that glow in the ultraviolet. Some of the torus's heavy ions migrate outward, and their pressure inflates the Jovian magnetosphere, while the more energetic sulfur and oxygen ions fall along the magnetic field into the planet's atmosphere, resulting in auroras.

Io acts as an electrical generator as it moves through Jupiter's magnetic field, developing 400,000 volts across its diameter and generating an electric current of 3 million amperes that flows along the magnetic field to the planet's ionosphere.

SATURN The Voyager 1 and 2 Saturn flybys occurred nine months apart, with the closest approaches falling on November 12 and August 25, 1981. Voyager 1 flew within 64,200 kilometers (40,000 miles) of the cloud tops, while Voyager 2 came within 41,000 kilometers (26,000 miles).

Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system. It takes 29.5 Earth years to complete one orbit of the Sun, and its day was clocked at 10 hours, 39 minutes. Saturn is known to have at least 17 moons and a complex ring system. Like Jupiter, Saturn is mostly hydrogen and helium. Its hazy yellow hue was found to be marked by broad atmospheric banding similar to but much fainter than that found on Jupiter. Close scrutiny by Voyager's imaging systems revealed long-lived ovals and other atmospheric features generally smaller than those on Jupiter.

Perhaps the greatest surprises and the most puzzles were found by the Voyagers in Saturn's rings. It is thought that the rings formed from larger moons that were shattered by impacts of comets and meteoroids. The resulting dust and boulder- to house-size particles have accumulated in a broad plane around the planet varying in density.

The irregular shapes of Saturn's eight smallest moons indicates that they too are fragments of larger bodies. Unexpected structure such as kinks and spokes were found in addition to thin rings and broad, diffuse rings not observed from Earth. Much of the elaborate structure of some of the rings is due to the gravitational effects of nearby satellites. This phenomenon is most obviously demonstrated by the relationship between the F-ring and two small moons that "shepherd" the ring material. The variation in the separation of the moons from the ring may the ring's kinked appearance. Shepherding moons were also found by Voyager 2 at Uranus.

Radial, spoke-like features in the broad B-ring were found by the Voyagers. The features are believed to be composed of fine, dust-size particles. The spokes were observed to form and dissipate in time-lapse images taken by the Voyagers. While electrostatic charging may create spokes by levitating dust particles above the ring, the exact cause of the formation of the spokes is not well understood.

Winds blow at extremely high speeds on Saturn -- up to 1,800 kilometers per hour (1,100 miles per hour). Their primarily easterly direction indicates that the winds are not confined to the top cloud layer but must extend at least 2,000 kilometers (1,200 miles) downward into the atmosphere. The characteristic temperature of the atmosphere is 95 kelvins.

Saturn holds a wide assortment of satellites in its orbit, ranging from Phoebe, a small moon that travels in a retrograde orbit and is probably a captured asteroid, to Titan, the planet-sized moon with a thick nitrogen-methane atmosphere. Titan's surface temperature and pressure are 94 kelvins (-292 Fahrenheit) and 1.5 atmospheres. Photochemistry converts some atmospheric methane to other organic molecules, such as ethane, that is thought to accumulate in lakes or oceans. Other more complex hydrocarbons form the haze particles that eventually fall to the surface, coating it with a thick layer of organic matter. The chemistry in Titan's atmosphere may strongly resemble that which occurred on Earth before life evolved.

The most active surface of any moon seen in the Saturn system was that of Enceladus. The bright surface of this moon, marked by faults and valleys, showed evidence of tectonically induced change. Voyager 1 found the moon Mimas scarred with a crater so huge that the impact that caused it nearly broke the satellite apart.

Saturn's magnetic field is smaller than Jupiter's, extending only one or two million kilometers. The axis of the field is almost perfectly aligned with the rotation axis of the planet.

URANUS In its first solo planetary flyby, Voyager 2 made its closest approach to Uranus on January 24, 1986, coming within 81,500 kilometers (50,600 miles) of the planet's cloud tops.

Uranus is the third largest planet in the solar system. It orbits the Sun at a distance of about 2.8 billion kilometers (1.7 billion miles) and completes one orbit every 84 years. The length of a day on Uranus as measured by Voyager 2 is 17 hours, 14 minutes.

Uranus is distinguished by the fact that it is tipped on its side. Its unusual position is thought to be the result of a collision with a planet-sized body early in the solar system's history. Given its odd orientation, with its polar regions exposed to sunlight or darkness for long periods, scientists were not sure what to expect at Uranus.

Voyager 2 found that one of the most striking influences of this sideways position is its effect on the tail of the magnetic field, which is itself tilted 60 degrees from the planet's axis of rotation. The magnetotail was shown to be twisted by the planet's rotation into a long corkscrew shape behind the planet.

The presence of a magnetic field at Uranus was not known until Voyager's arrival. The intensity of the field is roughly comparable to that of Earth's, though it varies much more from point to point because of its large offset from the center of Uranus. The peculiar orientation of the magnetic field suggests that the field is generated at an intermediate depth in the interior where the pressure is high enough for water to become electrically conducting.

Radiation belts at Uranus were found to be of an intensity similar to those at Saturn. The intensity of radiation within the belts is such that irradiation would quickly darken (within 100,000 years) any methane trapped in the icy surfaces of the inner moons and ring particles. This may have contributed to the darkened surfaces of the moons and ring particles, which are almost uniformly gray in color.

A high layer of haze was detected around the sunlit pole, which also was found to radiate large amounts of ultraviolet light, a phenomenon dubbed "dayglow." The average temperature is about 60 kelvins (-350 degrees Fahrenheit). Surprisingly, the illuminated and dark poles, and most of the planet, show nearly the same temperature at the cloud tops.

Voyager found 10 new moons, bringing the total number to 15. Most of the new moons are small, with the largest measuring about 150 kilometers (about 90 miles) in diameter.

The moon Miranda, innermost of the five large moons, was revealed to be one of the strangest bodies yet seen in the solar system. Detailed images from Voyager's flyby of the moon showed huge fault canyons as deep as 20 kilometers (12 miles), terraced layers, and a mixture of old and young surfaces. One theory holds that Miranda may be a reaggregration of material from an earlier time when the moon was fractured by an violent impact.

The five large moons appear to be ice-rock conglomerates like the satellites of Saturn. Titania is marked by huge fault systems and canyons indicating some degree of geologic, probably tectonic, activity in its history. Ariel has the brightest and possibly youngest surface of all the Uranian moons and also appears to have undergone geologic activity that led to many fault valleys and what seem to be extensive flows of icy material. Little geologic activity has occurred on Umbriel or Oberon, judging by their old and dark surfaces.

All nine previously known rings were studied by the spacecraft and showed the Uranian rings to be distinctly different from those at Jupiter and Saturn. The ring system may be relatively young and did not form at the same time as Uranus. Particles that make up the rings may be remnants of a moon that was broken by a high-velocity impact or torn up by gravitational effects.

NEPTUNE When Voyager flew within 5,000 kilometers (3,000 miles) of Neptune on August 25, 1989, the planet was the most distant member of the solar system from the Sun. (Pluto once again will become most distant in 1999.)

Neptune orbits the Sun every 165 years. It is the smallest of our solar system's gas giants. Neptune is now known to have eight moons, six of which were found by Voyager. The length of a Neptunian day has been determined to be 16 hours, 6.7 minutes.

Even though Neptune receives only three percent as much sunlight as Jupiter does, it is a dynamic planet and surprisingly showed several large, dark spots reminiscent of Jupiter's hurricane-like storms. The largest spot, dubbed the Great Dark Spot, is about the size of Earth and is similar to the Great Red Spot on Jupiter. A small, irregularly shaped, eastward-moving cloud was observed "scooting" around Neptune every 16 hours or so; this "scooter," as Voyager scientists called it, could be a cloud plume rising above a deeper cloud deck.

Long, bright clouds, similar to cirrus clouds on Earth, were seen high in Neptune's atmosphere. At low northern latitudes, Voyager captured images of cloud streaks casting their shadows on cloud decks below.

The strongest winds on any planet were measured on Neptune. Most of the winds there blow westward, or opposite to the rotation of the planet. Near the Great Dark Spot, winds blow up to 2,000 kilometers (1,200 miles) an hour.

The magnetic field of Neptune, like that of Uranus, turned out to be highly tilted -- 47 degrees from the rotation axis and offset at least 0.55 radii (about 13,500 kilometers or 8,500 miles) from the physical center. Comparing the magnetic fields of the two planets, scientists think the extreme orientation may be characteristic of flows in the interiors of both Uranus and Neptune -- and not the result in Uranus's case of that planet's sideways orientation, or of any possible field reversals at either planet. Voyager's studies of radio waves caused by the magnetic field revealed the length of a Neptunian day. The spacecraft also detected auroras, but much weaker than those on Earth and other planets.

Triton, the largest of the moons of Neptune, was shown to be not only the most intriguing satellite of the Neptunian system, but one of the most interesting in all the solar system. It shows evidence of a remarkable geologic history, and Voyager 2 images showed active geyser-like eruptions spewing invisible nitrogen gas and dark dust particles several kilometers into the tenuous atmosphere. Triton's relatively high density and retrograde orbit offer strong evidence that Triton is not an original member of Neptune's family but is a captured object. If that is the case, tidal heating could have melted Triton in its originally eccentric orbit, and the moon might even have been liquid for as long as one billion years after its capture by Neptune.

An extremely thin atmosphere extends about 800 kilometer (500 miles) above Triton's surface. Nitrogen ice particles may form thin clouds a few kilometers above the surface. The atmospheric pressure at the surface is about 14 microbars, 1/70,000th the surface pressure on Earth. The surface temperature is about 38 kelvins (-391 degrees Fahrenheit) the coldest temperature of any body known in the solar system.

The new moons found at Neptune by Voyager are all small and remain close to Neptune's equatorial plane. Names for the new moons were selected from mythology's water deities by the International Astronomical Union, they are: Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Proteus.

Voyager 2 solved many of the questions scientists had about Neptune's rings. Searches for "ring arcs," or partial rings, showed that Neptune's rings actually are complete, but are so diffuse and the material in them so fine that they could not be fully resolved from Earth. From the outermost in, the rings have been designated Adams, Plateau, Le Verrier and Galle.

Interstellar Mission

The spacecraft are continuing to return data about interplanetary space and some of our stellar neighbors near the edges of the Milky Way.

As the Voyagers cruise gracefully in the solar wind, their fields, particles and waves instruments are studying the space around them. In May 1993, scientists concluded that the plasma wave experiment was picking up radio emissions that originate at the heliopause -- the outer edge of our solar system.

The heliopause is the outermost boundary of the solar wind, where the interstellar medium restricts the outward flow of the solar wind and confines it within a magnetic bubble called the heliosphere. The solar wind is made up of electrically charged atomic particles, composed primarily of ionized hydrogen, that stream outward from the Sun.

Exactly where the heliopause is has been one of the great unanswered questions in space physics. By studying the radio emissions, scientists now theorize the heliopause exists some 90 to 120 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun. (One AU is equal to 150 million kilometers (93 million miles), or the distance from the Earth to the Sun.

The Voyagers have also become space-based ultraviolet observatories and their unique location in the universe gives astronomers the best vantage point they have ever had for looking at celestial objects that emit ultraviolet radiation.

The Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) is the only experiment on the scan platform that is still functioning. The scan platform is parked at a fixed position and is not being articulated. The Infrared Spectrometer and Radiometer (IRIS) heater was turned off to save power on Voyager 1 on December 7, 2011. On January 21, 2014 the Scan Platform Supplemental Heater was also turned off to conserve power. The IRIS heater and the Scan Platform Heater were used to keep UVS warm. The UVS temperature has dropped to below the measurement limits of the sensor; however, UVS is still operating. The scientist expect to continue to receive data from the UVS until 2016, at which time the instrument will be turned off to save power.

Yet there are several other fields and particle instruments that can continue to send back data as long as the spacecraft stay alive. They include: the cosmic ray subsystem, the low-energy charge particle instrument, the magnetometer, the plasma subsystem, the plasma wave subsystem and the planetary radio astronomy instrument. Barring any catastrophic events, JPL should be able to retrieve this information for at least the next 20 and perhaps even the next 30 years.

Instinct Voyageur

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LE PODCAST DE LA VIE NOMADE ! Ce podcast est dédié à tous ceux qui souhaitent voyager plus, faire un break dans leur vie pour partir autour du monde ou pour vivre à l’étranger. 1 vendredi sur 2 ! Abonnez-vous, partagez ! :-)

Friday May 25, 2018

7 leçons apprises en 20 ans de voyage

Voici quelques leçons apprises lors de mes années de voyage. Une petite sélèction que je vous partage ici. 

Vous en partagez sans doute la plupart. Qu'en pensez-vous ? 

★★ Ma chaîne Youtube :  http://ow.ly/hFlW30jPQjH

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The June 2024 issue of IEEE Spectrum is here!

For IEEE Members

Ieee spectrum, follow ieee spectrum, support ieee spectrum, enjoy more free content and benefits by creating an account, saving articles to read later requires an ieee spectrum account, the institute content is only available for members, downloading full pdf issues is exclusive for ieee members, downloading this e-book is exclusive for ieee members, access to spectrum 's digital edition is exclusive for ieee members, following topics is a feature exclusive for ieee members, adding your response to an article requires an ieee spectrum account, create an account to access more content and features on ieee spectrum , including the ability to save articles to read later, download spectrum collections, and participate in conversations with readers and editors. for more exclusive content and features, consider joining ieee ., join the world’s largest professional organization devoted to engineering and applied sciences and get access to all of spectrum’s articles, archives, pdf downloads, and other benefits. learn more →, join the world’s largest professional organization devoted to engineering and applied sciences and get access to this e-book plus all of ieee spectrum’s articles, archives, pdf downloads, and other benefits. learn more →, access thousands of articles — completely free, create an account and get exclusive content and features: save articles, download collections, and talk to tech insiders — all free for full access and benefits, join ieee as a paying member., 50 years later, this apollo-era antenna still talks to voyager 2, dss-43 is the only antenna that can communicate with the probe.

The Deep Space Station 43 radio antenna, located at the Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex in Australia, keeps open the line of communication between humans and probes during NASA missions.

For more than 50 years, Deep Space Station 43 has been an invaluable tool for space probes as they explore our solar system and push into the beyond. The DSS-43 radio antenna, located at the Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex , near Canberra, Australia, keeps open the line of communication between humans and probes during NASA missions.

Today more than 40 percent of all data retrieved by celestial explorers, including Voyagers , New Horizons , and the Mars Curiosity rover , comes through DSS-43.

“As Australia’s largest antenna, DSS-43 has provided two-way communication with dozens of robotic spacecraft,” IEEE President-Elect Kathleen Kramer said during a ceremony where the antenna was recognized as an IEEE Milestone . It has supported missions, Kramer noted, “from the Apollo program and NASA’s Mars exploration rovers such as Spirit and Opportunity to the Voyagers’ grand tour of the solar system.

“In fact,” she said, “it is the only antenna remaining on Earth capable of communicating with Voyager 2 .”

Why NASA needed DSS-43

Maintaining two-way contact with spacecraft hurtling billions of kilometers away across the solar system is no mean feat. Researchers at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory , in Pasadena, Calif., knew that communication with distant space probes would require a dish antenna with unprecedented accuracy. In 1964 they built DSS-42—DSS-43’s predecessor—to support NASA’s Mariner 4 spacecraft as it performed the first-ever successful flyby of Mars in July 1965. The antenna had a 26-meter-diameter dish. Along with two other antennas at JPL and in Spain, DSS-42 obtained the first close-up images of Mars. DSS-42 was retired in 2000.

NASA engineers predicted that to carry out missions beyond Mars, the space agency needed more sensitive antennas. So in 1969 they began work on DSS-43, which has a 64-meter-diameter dish.

DSS-43 was brought online in December 1972—just in time to receive video and audio transmissions sent by Apollo 17 from the surface of the moon. It had greater reach and sensitivity than DSS-42 even after 42’s dish was upgraded in the early 1980s.

The gap between the two antennas’ capabilities widened in 1987, when DSS-43 was equipped with a 70-meter dish in anticipation of Voyager 2’s 1989 encounter with the planet Neptune.

DSS-43 has been indispensable in maintaining contact with the deep-space probe ever since.

The dish’s size isn’t its only remarkable feature. The dish’s manufacturer took great pains to ensure that its surface had no bumps or rough spots. The smoother the dish surface, the better it is at focusing incident waves onto the signal detector so there’s a higher signal-to-noise ratio.

DSS-43 boasts a pointing accuracy of 0.005 degrees (18 arc seconds)—which is important for ensuring that it is pointed directly at the receiver on a distant spacecraft. Voyager 2 broadcasts using a 23-watt radio. But by the time the signals traverse the multibillion-kilometer distance from the heliopause to Earth, their power has faded to a level 20 billion times weaker than what is needed to run a digital watch. Capturing every bit of the incident signals is crucial to gathering useful information from the transmissions.

The antenna has a transmitter capable of 400 kilowatts, with a beam width of 0.0038 degrees. Without the 1987 upgrade, signals sent from DSS-43 to a spacecraft venturing outside the solar system likely never would reach their target.

NASA’s Deep Space Network

The Canberra Deep Space Complex, where DSS-43 resides, is one of three such tracking stations operated by JPL. The other two are DSS-11 at the Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex near Barstow, Calif., and DSS-63 at the Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex in Robledo de Chavela, Spain. Together, the facilities make up the Deep Space Network, which is the most sensitive scientific telecommunications system on the planet, according to NASA. At any given time, the network is tracking dozens of spacecraft carrying out scientific missions. The three facilities are spaced about 120 degrees longitude apart. The strategic placement ensures that as the Earth rotates, at least one of the antennas has a line of sight to an object being tracked, at least for those close to the plane of the solar system.

But DSS-43 is the only member of the trio that can maintain contact with Voyager 2 . Ever since its flyby of Neptune’s moon Triton in 1989, Voyager 2 has been on a trajectory below the plane of the planets, so that it no longer has a line of sight with any radio antennas in the Earth’s Northern Hemisphere.

To ensure that DSS-43 can still place the longest of long-distance calls, the antenna underwent a round of updates in 2020. A new X-band cone was installed. DSS-43 transmits radio signals in the X (8 to 12 gigahertz) and S (2 to 4 GHz) bands; it can receive signals in the X, S, L (1 to 2 GHz), and K (12 to 40 GHz) bands. The dish’s pointing accuracy also was tested and recertified.

Once the updates were completed, test commands were sent to Voyager 2. After about 37 hours, DSS-43 received a response from the space probe confirming it had received the call, and it executed the test commands with no issues.

DSS-43 is still relaying signals between Earth and Voyager 2, which passed the heliopause in 2018 and is now some 20 billion km from Earth.

Other important missions

DSS-43 has played a vital role in missions closer to Earth as well, including NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory mission. When the space agency sent Curiosity , a golf cart–size rover, to explore the Gale crater and Mount Sharp on Mars in 2011, DSS-43 tracked Curiosity as it made its nail-biting seven-minute descent into Mars’s atmosphere. It took roughly 20 minutes for radio signals to traverse the 320-million km distance between Mars and Earth, and then DSS-43 delivered the good news: The rover had landed safely and was operational.

“NASA plans to send future generations of astronauts from the Moon to Mars, and DSS-43 will play an important role as part of NASA’s Deep Space Network,” says Ambarish Natu , an IEEE senior member who is a past chair of the IEEE Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Section.

DSS-43 was honored with an IEEE Milestone in March during a ceremony held at the Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex.

“This is the second IEEE Milestone recognition given in Australia, and the first for ACT,” Lance Fung , IEEE Region 10 director, said during the ceremony. A plaque recognizing the technology is now displayed at the complex. It reads:

First operational in 1972 and later upgraded in 1987, Deep Space Station 43 (DSS-43) is a steerable parabolic antenna that supported the Apollo 17 lunar mission, Viking Mars landers, Pioneer and Mariner planetary probes, and Voyager’s encounters with Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Planning for many robotic and human missions to explore the solar system and beyond has included DSS-43 for critical communications and tracking in NASA’s Deep Space Network.

Administered by the IEEE History Center and supported by donors, the Milestone program recognizes outstanding technical developments around the world. The IEEE Australian Capital Territory Section sponsored the nomination.

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Willie Jones is an associate editor at IEEE Spectrum . In addition to editing and planning daily coverage, he manages several of Spectrum 's newsletters and contributes regularly to the monthly Big Picture section that appears in the print edition.

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Voyager quand on a 20 ans VS. voyager quand on en a 30

Hostelworld Blog | Posted on June 24, 2015 |

Andrew Tipp est un écrivain qui travaille dans l’édition numérique. Il a passé plus d’un an sur la route et à faire du volontariat un peu partout dans le monde. Auparavant, il a également bossé comme rédacteur pour un site de voyage et aujourd’hui, il écrit au nom d’Original Volunteers, une des associations de bénévolat les plus importantes du Royaume-Uni.

Quand on a 22 ans, on a un peu carrément le sentiment qu’on sera jeune pour toujours… ahah… FAUX. Spoiler alert : on vieillit. Mais. (Oui, MAIS) prendre de l’âge ça n’est pas forcément synonyme que c’est la fin des vacances en mode fifou. Nononon, on peut toujours se loger dans des auberges de jeunesses sympas, prendre des bus local style , manger des trucs chelous originaux dans la rue et vivre le délire backpacker à fond. Mais (oui encore un « mais », j’aime bien les « mais »), ça sera un poil différent et voilà pourquoi…

1. Désormais, voyage = court séjour. Très court.

Quand on est dans la vingtaine, on s’arrange pour caler le travail entre les périodes de vacances. A partir de 30 ans, la donne change un chouia. Parce que déjà, on a très souvent à cet âge là une carrière, des engagements. Vous savez, tous ces trucs un peu chiants pénibles dont on disait « naaaaan mais moi j’m’en tape du travail et quand je serai plus vieux je jure de toujours vivre comme maintenant. » ahahahahah. Ouep. Bref. Bon bah en vrai, voyager ça se résume à quelques semaines (et encore) par an. Mais bon, c’est pas grave hein ?! Ces quelques semaines sont souvent plus que géniales.

2. On sait comment faire sa valise

Les premières fois que l’on part en voyage, on a un peu tendance à prendre tout et n’importe quoi dans sa valise : 15 boîtes d’aspirine au cas-où, 5 serviettes de bain car on sait jamais, 3 pulls parce qu’on est jamais assez prévoyant…

Après la dixième frayeur à l’aéroport et avoir plus que difficilement fermé son sac, on comprend que non, on ne peut pas continuer comme ça. Bon après, ça aide aussi peut-être de plus avoir sa mère dans les parages qui insiste pour que l’on prenne un pull en plus parce qu’ON SAIT JAMAIS.

3. Un poshtel semble bien plus tentant qu’un dortoir mixte à 18 personnes

Les auberges pour fêtards sont vraiment cool quand on a 20 ans parce que bon le sommeil toussa là c’est pour les losers non ? Bon, ben quand on a atteint la trentaine, eh ben le sommeil on trouve ça plus que cool. Alors, non je n’ai pas dit que ces hostels sont nuls hein… mais c’est sûr qu’on apprécie bien plus une auberge tranquille où l’on peut se poser tranquilou billou sans avoir à subir du Avicii à pleins tubes à 4 h du mat ’.

3. On ne peut plus faire la fête autant qu’avant

Les taux de changes peuvent être une véritable bénédiction surtout quand on va dans certains pays où l’alcool est vraiment pas cher. Mais bon, quand on grandit (oui, « vieillit » ça me fait trop mal, « grandit » c’est mieux), les gueules de bois qui jusque là tenaient plus du mythe s’avèrent terribles.

Consommation responsable d’alcool au Retox Party Hostel Budapest

Il faut donc garder en tête que ce n’est pas parce qu’une pinte coûte moins de 3€ qu’il faut boire tout le bar. Parce que je vous dis pas le réveil surtout si vous êtes dans un endroit tropical.

5. On kiffe (encore plus) les musées

Et les galeries. Et les cathédrales. Et en fait tous les lieux où l’on peut trouver des trucs vieux et intéressants (comme vous hahaha). Peut-être que ça s’explique par un gène qui se manifeste à la trentaine et qui fait qu’on apprécie plus ce genre de choses (c’est le même que celui qui apparaît à 50 ans et qui nous fait kiffer l’opéra).

6. Le combo visite sortie le soir devient inenvisageable

Alors peut-être que lorsque l’on a 20 ans on a ce sentiment que cela ne se produira jamais mais dans la réalité à partir de 30 ans, on ne peut plus enchaîner les visites et passer la nuit dehors !

C’est un peu triste mais en même temps…

7. On est moins tolérant avec les autres voyageurs

Quand on est plus jeune, on est plus ouvert d’esprit en ce qui concerne les autres voyageurs. On parle à tout le monde sans exception et on sympathise facilement. Bon ben quand on est un peu plus vieux, on repère tout de suite ceux avec qui ça va pas le faire. Alors non, on ne devient pas un vieux con, on sait juste éviter les gus un peu chiants qui peuvent vous faire perdre des heures en vous racontant leur meeeeeeeeeerveilleux périple.

8. On se sent plus à l’aise à l’idée de faire un voyage en solo

La plupart des voyageurs, quand ils sont jeunes ont asssez la trouille à l’idée de voyager seul. Du coup, on trouve ça plus rassurant de partir avec un compagnon de périple.

Mais une fois que vous aurez fait le tour du globe à plusieurs reprises vous allez vite réaliser que même si vous êtes timide, vous avez tout ce qu’il faut pour « survivre » seul ^^.

9. On doit combattre l’envie de tout comparer

Rien ne vaut la sensation d’une première fois face à un truc complètement fou. Mais bon quand on en est à sa deuxième merveille du monde, son 3e safari, son 4econtinent , son 5e truc à voir absolument, il est plus que difficile de ne pas vouloir le comparer à un truc qu’on a vu 10 ans auparavant.

Vous savez quoi ? Efforcez-vous à ne pas le faire et à garder toute la fraîcheur de la découverte. Et surtout. SURTOUT. Ne faites pas de comparaison à voix haute : ça ne risque pas de vous attirer que des amis.

10. On ne panique plus à l’idée de ne pas tout voir

La plupart des gens qui voyagent dans leurs débuts ont une liste des choses qu’ils veulent absolument voir. Soit parce qu’on aime bien les check-lists, soit parce qu’on veut vraiment tout faire. Du coup, on peut se transformer en véritable nazi de la visite.

Pour être honnête moi aussi je l’ai fait. Mais en veillissant on se rend compte qu’on ne peut pas tout voir, qu’on ne peut pas aller partout. Donc, on respire, on se détend et on apprécie ce que l’on voit réellement.

11. On a un(e) femme/mari qui insiste pour voyager avec nous

Ah oui. Vous êtes marié. Vous vous souvenez ?

Autre chose à ajouter ? Dites-nous tout en commentaire 🙂

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• Cabaret at the Kit Kat Club
• Tommy, The Who à New York
• Water for Elephants
• The Great Gatsby
• Harry Potter and the Cursed Child
• Blue Man Group
• Visite guidée de Central Park à vélo
• Le meilleur de Brooklyn
• Visite guidée sur le jazz à New York
• Visite guidée du quartier de Midtown
• Visite du Sud de Manhattan
• Greenwich Village, SoHo, Little Italy et Chinatown
• Visite guidée de Harlem et Gospel
• Visite de Brooklyn à vélo
• Food Tour en français à New York
• Visite de Grand Central Terminal
• Visite guidée du meilleur de Queens
• Visite de New York spéciale ados
• Visite guidée sur les pompiers
• Spécial famille : l’enquête policière !
• Basket – NBA à New York
• Baseball – New York Yankees
• Hockey NHL – New York Rangers
• Football américain NFL à New York
• US Open de tennis à New York
• Restaurants
• Avis sur les hôtels à New York
• Quel pass choisir pour faire des économies sur vos visites à New York ?

Peut-on aller seul à New York quand on a moins de 21 ans ?

Si vous avez moins de 21 ans, vous n'avez pas la possibilité de faire tout ce que vous voulez aux États-Unis. Voici les restrictions qui s'imposent à vous.

Si la majorité est fixée à 18 ans en Europe comme dans la plupart des États américains, les moins de 21 ans se voient appliquer plusieurs restrictions aux États-Unis. C’est curieux mais c’est la loi aux USA. Ainsi, les moins de 21 ans sont considérés comme mineurs vis à vis de la consommation d’alcool et ils ne pourront pas entrer dans les bars. Cette différence entre 18 ans et 21 ans a également de vraies conséquences dans la préparation d’un voyage aux USA…

1/ Peut-on prendre l’avion quand on a moins de 21 ans ?

• Commençons par une bonne nouvelle : il n’y a pas de limite d’âge pour prendre l’avion pour les États-Unis ! L es compagnies aériennes acceptent les passagers voyageant seul à partir de 5 ans. Donc aucun souci pour vous si vous avez 17 ou 20 ans.
• En revanche, comme toutes les personnes qui souhaitent se rendre aux États-Unis, vous devez suivre les formalités d’entrée pour les États-Unis . Si vous êtes ressortissant d’un pays européen, vous devrez faire une demande d’ autorisation ESTA .

2/ Peut-on réserver un hôtel à New York quand on a moins de 21 ans ?

• Contrairement aux vols, les choses se compliquent pour l’hôtel. La grande majorité des hôtels américains refusent les réservations des jeunes de moins de 21 ans s’ils ne sont pas accompagnés par un adulte . Les hôtels avancent une question d’assurance et de sécurité.
• Alors comment faire ? Si vous avez trouvé un hôtel précis qui vous intéresse, vous pouvez toujours lui envoyer un e-mail ou l’appeler pour lui demander s’il accepte votre réservation. Le fait d’accepter ou non un jeune de moins de 21 ans est une question qui dépend de chaque hôtel.
• Si aucun hôtel ne vous accepte, il existe heureusement des hébergements ouverts aux jeunes de moins de 21 ans : les auberges de jeunesse. Vous pourrez notamment vous tourner vers la célèbre chaîne YMCA.

3/ Peut-on louer une voiture quand on a moins de 21 ans ?

• Si jamais vous voulez louer une voiture pour découvrir les alentours de New York, sachez que l’âge minimum légal est fixé à 18 ans. N’oubliez pas d’emporter votre permis de conduire avec vous.
• Une dernière chose à savoir : les loueurs new-yorkais ont le droit d’ajouter une surcharge au prix de la location si vous avez moins de 25 ans.

4 Commentaires

Je souhaite partir vivre à New York dès que possible. Je n’ai que 19 ans bientôt 20 et je ne rempli pas exactement les conditions de visas pour pouvoir y travailler. Que dois-je faire ? Puis-je y aller en tourisme et faire des repérages ? Trouver un employeur qui m’épaulerais pour une demande de visas et me promettrais une offre d’emplois à mon arrivée ? Ça reste de l’ordre de l’imaginatif mais pas impossible après tout.

Merci de votre aide.

Bonjour, je souhaite aller vivre au Etats Unis avec ma meilleur pote mais j’aurais moins de 21 ans. C’est possible ?

Puis je aller aux États-Unis sans une carte bancaire ? J’ai un compte je viens de l’ouvrir mais j’ai pas encore reçu la carte bancaire

C’est possible avec du cash mais une mauvaise idée à mon avis, si ce cash est perdu ou volé… Si vous avez déjà la carte virtuelle sur votre téléphone et un powerbank par exemple ça pourrait il suffirait de payer sans contact et faire le code pour des transactions à montants élevés. Sinon si vous avez de la famille sur place qui compte vous héberger, en gros s’occuper d’un point de vue financier de vous ça va. Faudra juste bien tout prévoir…

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Destination new york : le guide incontournable sur new york, activités et excursions à new york, transferts aéroports à new york, les comédies musicales à new york en 2024, visites guidées de new york en français.

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YVAN LANDIS

• 6 déc. 2019
• 1 min de lecture

BAUDELAIRE À 20 ANS Le voyage vers les Indes

En 1841, Charles Baudelaire a vingt ans. Pressé par ses proches et notamment son beau-père, il entame un voyage pour découvrir les Indes. Les raisons de cet incroyable et périlleux parcours, sont plus nombreuses et plus obscures qu’il n’y paraît.

Après neuf mois d’aventure, il en revient l’année suivante, deux mois à peine avant sa majorité. La seule certitude concernant ce périple est l’influence sur la vie du poète et son œuvre. Cette parenthèse à vingt ans marquera l’écriture des Fleurs du mal bien sûr, Les petits poèmes en prose et ses choix de vie. Aussi jeune, il n’en mesure pas encore la portée. Au-delà de l’inspiration, il élaborera un mythe qu’il déformera à sa convenance.

Les biographes et admirateurs décrivent ce voyage vers les Indes avec plus ou moins d’exactitude, cédant souvent au chauvinisme et à la volonté de briller sous les lumières du chef-d’œuvre et de son génie. On en oublierait l’héritage oral qui existe bel et bien et qui se montre très utile pour compléter et rendre cohérente l’histoire de ce voyage.

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