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16 tips for traveling with baby formula that will make your next vacation stress-free

The good news: You can bring as much formula as you need on the plane. The bad news: It takes some planning to pack water, bottles, cleaning supplies, and more. Here's how to make it easier on yourself.

Can you bring formula on a plane?

How to travel with formula on a plane, tips for traveling with formula via car.

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If your little one is formula-fed or takes a combination of formula and breast milk, you probably have a pretty established feeding station at home with plenty of baby bottles , cleaning supplies, and powdered or ready-to-feed formula. Understandably, the thought of somehow taking this entire process on the road can feel a little daunting. 

While it does take some planning, it's absolutely possible to travel with baby formula , regardless of where you're heading or the type you use; here's how.

Yes, you're allowed to bring baby formula or breast milk on a plane in a carry-on or checked bag. The Transportation Security Administration's (TSA) rules about formula Opens a new window are also more lenient compared to other liquids and gels (which are limited to 3-ounce containers). 

"There aren't restrictions to how much formula you can bring on the plane, so make your life easier by doing what works for you and your baby," says Chandani DeZure , M.D., FAAP, a board-certified pediatrician and a member of the BabyCenter Medical Advisory Board.

Formula, breast milk, purees, and cooling accessories (such as ice packs, freezer packs, and gel packs) are all considered medically necessary liquids, so the TSA doesn't limit how much parents can bring through security. You also don't need to fly with your baby with you in order to take advantage of this rule.

That said, the TSA does have different screening steps for these liquids. Here's what to expect when bringing formula through security: 

Tell the TSA ahead of time. As you're lining up, let the closest TSA officer know you have formula (and ice packs, etc.) and remove these items from your bag. They'll separate your feeding gear to screen separately. 

Know that pre-mixed formula will probably get tested. This is a safety precaution to make sure the liquids don't contain any explosives or concealed items. The same goes for any partially frozen ice packs. 

Finally, keep in mind that the rules might change for the flight home if you’re traveling from outside of the U.S. "For international flights , be sure to research what's allowed ahead of time," says Tanya Altmann Opens a new window , M.D., a pediatrician at Calabasas Pediatrics in California.

1. Choose what type of formula you'll bring 

The best way to transport formula will depend on the type of formula you're taking with you.

Powdered formula, unprepared

You can bring a formula canister in your carry-on bag and open it to prepare bottles on the plane, but many parents prefer to pre-measure and pack powder in a travel-friendly formula dispenser . These dispensers typically have a few sections, so you can put just enough powder for one bottle in each compartment, then mix it on the plane. Just label each section with how much water to use.

Powdered formula, prepared

Some parents find it easier to prep bottles at home and then pack them. While this means you don't have to source water on the go, it does mean you'll need to bring a cooler bag with ice packs: Prepared powdered formula is safe at room temperature for just two hours, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Opens a new window (CDC).

Although the TSA doesn't limit how much formula you bring, toting around prepared bottles can get heavy and inconvenient. If you're going on a long-haul flight, you might choose to prepare a few ahead of time, then make the rest on the plane.

Liquid concentrate formula

This type of formula requires you to add water and shake, which may be easier than measuring powder during the flight. However, liquid concentrate formula is more expensive and often sold in small cans, which may be harder to manage in the air.

Ready-to-feed formula

This is by far the easiest way to travel with formula, especially if you can find a variety that has an attached nipple (many do). You don't have to measure powder or worry about finding appropriate water. Plus, you can store ready-to-feed bottles at room temperature and potentially leave your cooler bag at home. (Unused portions do need to be refrigerated and used within 48 hours.) 

The downside is that ready-to-feed formulas are almost always more expensive. And like prepared bottles, it can be harder to bring enough without making your bag really heavy. 

2. Consider checking enough formula for your whole trip 

In addition to packing enough formula for the flight, you may want to pack more in your checked bag for when you arrive, especially if your little one takes a special kind. If you're traveling overseas, you may not find your go-to brand at all. Even within the U.S., it's sometimes tricky to locate the exact type you need, so plan ahead.  

"You can bring extra formula containers in your suitcase, direct ship to your final destination ahead of time, or even map out grocery stores to stop at that carry your desired infant formula," says Dr. Altmann. 

While it's fine for most babies to switch formula , some adjust faster than others. Your best bet is to stick with the same type, such as another milk-based, iron-fortified formula. And if switching brands overseas, make sure you understand the label; formula produced outside of the U.S. may use a different preparation ratio than you're accustomed to.

3. Pack extra in your carry-on

Even if you've packed additional canisters in your checked bag, you still need to access enough for the flight, as well as for time spent in the airport before boarding and after landing. "Bring enough formula to last the duration of the flight, but also to account for any potential delays that might occur," says Dr. DeZure. 

So if your flight is three hours long and your baby typically has an 8-ounce bottle every three to four hours, you might plan on having enough formula in your carry-on to prepare at least five or six bottles (one at the airport, one on the plane, one after landing, plus a few extras in case of a delay).

4. Have water on hand 

If you plan to mix bottles during the flight, you'll probably want to bring water with you on the plane. You could either pack water from home (such as tap water or water that's previously been sterilized) or purchase bottled water in the airport. 

Most babies can have formula mixed with bottled or tap water, according to the CDC Opens a new window . However, babies younger than 2 months old, as well as those born prematurely or who have a weakened immune system should have bottles made with water that's previously been boiled and then cooled. In a pinch, you can ask a flight attendant to boil water for you that's then cooled to room temperature, though this can take longer. 

For this reason, bottled water is usually simplest if your baby can have it. "I usually recommend parents buy bottled water after they are through security to pour into a baby bottle that has measuring units on it, then add the appropriate amount of powder, shake, and feed," says Dr. Altmann. 

5. Bring cleaning supplies 

"Pack dish soap and a nipple/bottle brush for easy cleaning," says Dr. DeZure. If you'd prefer not to wash your bottles on the plane (understandable, as airplane bathrooms aren't exactly the cleanest), separate used gear from clean bottles in plastic bags, then wash everything thoroughly at your destination. 

And while there is no substitute for a real soap-and-water cleaning, baby bottle cleaning wipes Opens a new window can help if you drop anything (pacifiers, bottles, etc.) on the floor during the flight.

6. Try to get your baby used to room-temperature bottles

It can significantly simplify travel if your baby isn't picky about cool bottles. "This saves the hassle of heating while en route," says Corinne McDermott, a travel consultant and founder of the website Have Baby Will Travel Opens a new window . "Flight attendants may be able to provide cups of hot water for heating, but they will not heat the bottle for you." 

7. Pack prepared formula in clear containers 

Although not required, the TSA strongly suggests parents pack prepared formula in translucent bottles. That's because scanners have a tougher time with bags and pouches, so you may have to open them.

8. Ask a flight attendant for hot water or bring a portable warmer

If your infant absolutely needs warm milk, alert the flight attendant early in the flight so they can have water ready. (The last thing you want is to try to track it down while your baby is crying out for a bottle!) 

There are also portable bottle heating gadgets on the market, but "I recommend testing them before you actually travel to ensure they work," says McDermott. And if you do warm your baby's bottle on the go, remember to put a few drops on the back of your hand to make sure it's not too hot.

9. Offer a bottle during takeoff

Changes in air pressure can be tough on little ears. "Feeding on takeoff and landing during pressure changes will minimize any discomfort the baby might feel," says Dr. DeZure. 

Take safe storage into account — if you feed your baby during takeoff, the rest of the bottle should be consumed within an hour. 

1. Pack a cooler

Road trips can be easier than flights when it comes to formula feeding, partly because you can bring a large cooler bag. 

Consider preparing enough formula bottles for the drive ahead of time and storing them in a cooler. This way, you won't have to mix and measure on the go. 

"You can also use the cooler for other medication items, snacks, or beverages that the rest of your family may need as well," says Dr. Altmann.

2. Bring enough canisters – and store them safely

Just as you would for a plane ride, you'll want to bring enough formula to last the entire trip (or have a plan for sourcing more after you arrive). 

"It's good to be well-stocked in case your usual brand is not easily available at your destination," says McDermott. And when packing canisters of powdered formula, make sure they're stored in a cool, dry place in the car. 

3. Stop for feeding breaks

While it may seem simpler to bottle-feed your baby in their car seat, pulling over for feeding time is safest. "Spills and spit-up are difficult to deal with while hurtling down the interstate, and safety is still the main concern," says McDermott. "If possible, give your baby a chance to digest a bit, and burp as usual before buckling them back in their car seat." 

During a road trip, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends Opens a new window parents pull over for a break every two to three hours during the day or every four to six hours at night. You can feed your little one and change their diaper , "and kids of all ages can get out, move around and stretch, eat or drink, or use the restroom," says Dr. Altmann.

4. Try to maintain your routine

While your child's schedule will inevitably shift during travel, it can help to follow their usual routine as best you can. "Any attempts to maintain your baby's routine while on the road will pay off with fewer disruptions down the road," notes McDermott. 

During the drive, pull over and offer a bottle at your baby's typical feeding times, and encourage naps at their normal times, too. Once you get to your destination, this will make it easier for your little one to get back into their schedule.

5. Pack cleaning supplies 

Just as you would for air travel, bring everything you need to clean baby's feeding gear, including dish soap, a bottle brush, and possibly a portable drying rack. For the car ride, "remember hand sanitizer, wipes, and even a mat to make a clean surface anywhere to mix your formula," says Dr. Altmann. 

And don't forget to pack a few emergency cleaning supplies and a change of clothes in case of spit-up : "It really, really isn't fun to travel long distances in a car that's recently been plastered in dairy-based vomit," says McDermott.

6. Once you arrive, set up a cleaning station 

You'll accumulate quite a few dirty bottles during the car ride, so McDermott says one of the first things she does after a road trip is determine where she'll store and clean baby feeding gear. 

"If the accommodation at your destination has a kitchenette or at least a microwave, packing a portable sterilizer will make cleaning easier," she says. Alternatively, you can wash bottles with warm water and soap.

"A small drying rack doesn't take up much room in your luggage and keeps baby's things clean and out of the way of your other stuff if all you've got is a bathroom sink," she adds. "It can be done!"

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BabyCenter's editorial team is committed to providing the most helpful and trustworthy pregnancy and parenting information in the world. When creating and updating content, we rely on credible sources: respected health organizations, professional groups of doctors and other experts, and published studies in peer-reviewed journals. We believe you should always know the source of the information you're seeing. Learn more about our editorial and medical review policies .

American Academy of Pediatrics. 2019. Flying with Baby: Parent FAQs. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/on-the-go/Pages/Flying-with-Baby.aspx Opens a new window [Accessed February 2024] 

American Academy of Pediatrics. 2024. How to Safely Prepare Baby Formula With Water. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/formula-feeding/Pages/how-to-safely-prepare-formula-with-water.aspx Opens a new window [Accessed February 2024] 

American Academy of Pediatrics. 2022. Forms of Baby Formula: Powder, Concentrate & Ready-to-Feed. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/formula-feeding/Pages/Forms-of-Baby-Formula.aspx Opens a new window [Accessed February 2024] 

American Academy of Pediatrics. 2023. Is It Safe for My Baby to Travel in a Car Seat for Hours at a Time? https://www.healthychildren.org/English/tips-tools/ask-the-pediatrician/Pages/Is-it-safe-for-my-baby-to-travel-in-a-car-seat-a-few-hours-at-a-time.aspx Opens a new window [Accessed February 2024]

American Academy of Pediatrics. 2018. How to Sterilize and Warm Baby Bottles Safely.  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/formula-feeding/Pages/How-to-Sterilize-and-Warm-Baby-Bottles-Safely.aspx Opens a new window   [Accessed February 2024] 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2023. Infant Formula Preparation and Storage. https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infantandtoddlernutrition/formula-feeding/infant-formula-preparation-and-storage.html Opens a new window [Accessed February 2024]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. How to Prepare and Store Powdered Infant Formula. https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/downloads/prepare-store-powered-infant-formula-508.pdf Opens a new window [Accessed February 2024]

Federal Aviation Administration. 2022. Flying With Children. https://www.faa.gov/travelers/fly_children Opens a new window [Accessed February 2024]

Federal Aviation Administration. 2023. Frequently Asked Questions. https://www.faa.gov/faq?combine=children&field_faq_category_target_id=1481 Opens a new window [Accessed February 2024]

KidsHealth From Nemours. 2024. Formula Feeding FAQs: Preparation and Storage. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/formulafeed-storing.html Opens a new window [Accessed February 2024]

Mayo Clinic. 2024. Is Air Travel Safe for an Infant? https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/air-travel-with-infant/faq-20058539 Opens a new window [Accessed February 2024]

Transportation Security Administration. 2024. Traveling with Children. https://www.tsa.gov/travel/special-procedures/traveling-children Opens a new window [Accessed February 2024]

Transportation Security Administration. 2024. Baby Formula. https://www.tsa.gov/travel/security-screening/whatcanibring/items/baby-formula Opens a new window [Accessed February 2024]

Transportation Security Administration. 2024. Liquids Rule. https://www.tsa.gov/travel/security-screening/liquids-rule Opens a new window [Accessed February 2024]

Food and Drug Administration. 2023. Infant Formula: Safety Do's and Don'ts. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/infant-formula-safety-dos-and-donts Opens a new window [Accessed February 2024]

Chandani DeZure Opens a new window , M.D., FAAP, a board-certified pediatrician and a member of the BabyCenter Medical Advisory Board.

Tanya Altmann Opens a new window , M.D., a pediatrician at Calabasas Pediatrics in California.

Corinne McDermott, an authorized independent travel consultant, family travel specialist and founder of the website Have Baby Will Travel Opens a new window .

Kathleen Felton is a freelance writer and editor. She was previously the executive editor of editorial strategy and growth at BabyCenter, the world's number one parenting resource. She is originally from Farmington, Connecticut, and now lives in Sydney, Australia, with her husband and two sons.

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Flying with Your Baby: How to Travel With Baby Formula on a Plane

Aug 24, 2023

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“Embarking on a journey with your little one is a cherished adventure, full of joy and new experiences. Yet, when it comes to jet-setting with your precious bundle and ensuring their nourishment on the go, the path might seem a bit more complex.

Fear not, intrepid parents, for in this guide, we unveil the secrets to a seamless voyage– From deciphering security protocols to crafting in-flight feeding strategies, join us as we navigate the skies together, making every mile-high moment a memory to treasure

Preparing for Travel

Traveling with a little one in tow is an exciting endeavor, but it requires meticulous planning, especially when it comes to ensuring your baby’s nourishment. If you’re a parent who is navigating the world of flying with baby formula, fear not! In this column, we delve into the essential steps of preparing for travel, from understanding airline policies to calculating the right amount of formula needed for a smooth journey.

Researching Airline Policies and Regulations

Before you even set foot in the airport, take the time to research your chosen airline’s policies and regulations regarding traveling with baby formula bottle packs. There are crucial aspects to consider:

1. Security Regulations and Restrictions: Security measures are paramount in air travel. Be prepared for your baby formula to undergo additional screening procedures at security checkpoints. Inform the TSA officers that you’re carrying baby formula, whether it’s ready-to-feed formula, powdered formula, or breast milk. These liquids will need to be screened separately from the rest of your belongings, so ensure they are easily accessible.

2. Liquid Carry-On Rules: As a general rule, liquids are subject to restrictions, but there are exceptions for medically necessary liquids. This includes baby formula, breast milk, and baby food. While you’re allowed to bring breast milk, formula, and baby food in reasonable quantities, it’s important to note that these items do not need to fit into the quart-sized bag required for other liquids. However, you may still consider placing them in a translucent bag for easy identification.

Checking Destination Regulations

When preparing for international travel, it’s equally important to be aware of regulations and cultural considerations at your destination:

1. International Regulations: Different countries may have varying regulations concerning baby formula and other baby-related items. Some places may require special documentation for formula or breast milk. Research your destination’s customs and regulations to avoid any surprises upon arrival.

2. Cultural Considerations: Beyond regulations, consider cultural norms and practices at your destination. This is particularly crucial when it comes to breastfeeding or formula feeding in public. Understanding cultural sensitivities will help you navigate feeding your baby comfortably during your trip.

Calculating the Amount of Formula Needed

Determining the right amount of formula to bring on your journey is key to avoiding stress and ensuring your baby is well-fed throughout the trip:

1. Duration of the Flight and Layovers: Calculate the number of formula bottles, baby food, or feeds your baby will need based on the duration of the flight and any layovers. Consider whether you’ll have access to facilities on the plane for feeding or if you’ll need to rely solely on your carry-on stash.

2. Contingency Planning for Delays: Flights can sometimes experience unexpected delays. Pack extra formula to account for potential delays and unexpected situations. Having a surplus can make all the difference in keeping your baby happy and well-fed during unforeseen circumstances.

Packing Baby Formula

As you prepare to embark on an adventure with your little one, the task of packing baby formula might seem like a puzzle with numerous pieces. Fear not, dear parents, for in this column, we’re here to guide you through the intricate process of packing baby formula for your journey. From choosing the right formula type to mastering packaging and labeling, let’s dive into the essentials that will keep your baby well-fed and content during your travels.

Choosing the Right Formula Type

Before you even begin packing your carry on bag, it’s essential to decide on the formula type that suits your travel plans and your baby’s needs:

1. Ready-to-Feed vs. Powder Formula: Ready-to-feed formula offers convenience and eliminates the need for preparation, making it a hassle-free choice for travel. On the other hand, powdered formula is compact and lightweight, making it easier to pack and carry. Consider the duration of your journey, the availability of clean water, and your baby’s feeding preferences when making this decision.

2. Considerations for Breast Milk and Formula Combination: If you’re combining breast milk and formula, plan accordingly. Breast milk can be stored in travel-friendly containers, while powdered formula can be measured and packed separately for mixing later. This way, you can cater to your baby’s needs while on the move.

Packaging and Storage

Ensuring the freshness and safety of your baby’s formula is of utmost importance when traveling:

1. Original Packaging vs. Travel-Friendly Containers: Many baby formulas come in large and bulky packaging. To save space in your carry-on bag, consider transferring a reasonable quantity of formula into travel-sized containers. This will make feeding on-the-go much more manageable. Also, limit the frozen gel packs or ice packs that you need to bring to keep the temperature of your cool formula.

2. Importance of Airtight and Spill-Proof Containers: Opt for airtight and spill-proof containers to prevent formula from spilling during turbulence or pressure changes. These containers not only preserve the formula’s quality but also spare you from any unnecessary messes.

Labeling and Documentation

Effective labeling and documentation can ease your journey through airport security and ensure your baby’s needs are met:

1. Clearly Labeling Containers: Label each container with your baby’s name and the contents. This prevents any confusion and helps TSA officers quickly identify the items during the security screening process.

2. Medical Documentation for Special Formulas: If your baby requires a special formula due to allergies or medical conditions instead of breast milk, consider carrying documentation from a healthcare professional. This can be especially helpful if your formula needs to undergo additional screening procedures.

In-flight Feeding

As you settle into your airplane seat with your precious little one, the thought of ensuring a smooth feeding experience at 30,000 feet might seem a tad daunting. But fear not, parents, for in this column, we’re here to guide you through the ins and outs of in-flight feeding. From utilizing airline facilities to proper formula preparation, and adapting to changing time zones, we’ve got you covered for a stress-free feeding journey.

Familiarize with Airline Facilities

Before takeoff, it’s wise to familiarize yourself with the facilities your airline offers for baby feeding:

1. Availability of Hot Water and Microwaves: Some airlines provide hot water and microwaves to assist with baby feeding. Knowing this in advance can help you decide whether to bring your own supplies for formula preparation or rely on the amenities provided on the plane.

2. Requesting Assistance from Flight Attendants: Flight attendants are often more than willing to assist parents with formula preparation and other baby feeding needs such as breast milk feeding. Don’t hesitate to reach out and inquire about available facilities or help you might need during the flight.

Formula Preparation on the Plane

Proper formula preparation is crucial to ensure your baby’s safety and well-being during the flight:

1. Proper Use of Sterilized Water: If you’re using powdered formula instead of breast milk, ensure you have access to clean and sterilized water. If the airline provides hot water, use it to mix the formula, but make sure it’s not too hot for your baby’s consumption.

2. Mixing Formula Safely: When mixing formula on the plane, follow the instructions provided by the formula manufacturer. Proper mixing ensures your baby gets the necessary nutrients and hydration during the flight.

Feeding Schedule and Adapting to Time Zone Changes

Long flights often involve crossing multiple time zones, which can impact your baby’s feeding schedule:

1. Feeding Schedule: Try to stick to your baby’s regular feeding schedule as much as possible. Plan ahead and bring enough formula for scheduled feeds, taking into account potential delays.

2. Adapting to Time Zone Changes: If your flight involves crossing time zones, consider gradually adjusting your baby’s feeding schedule to match the local time at your destination. This can help minimize disruptions to their routine, especially when you’re feeding your baby with breast milk.

As the wheels of your journey touch down and you gather your belongings, there’s a profound sense of accomplishment that comes with successfully navigating the skies with your little one. In this comprehensive guide, we’ve embarked on a journey of our own, exploring the intricacies of traveling with baby formula on a plane. From meticulous planning to in-flight feeding strategies, we’ve covered every step of the way to ensure a seamless and stress-free experience.

Through research and preparation, you’ve become well-versed in the nuances of airline policies, destination regulations, and the art of packing baby formula. Armed with knowledge, you’ve confidently chosen the right formula type and harnessed the power of well-packaged, labeled, and documented supplies.

Remember, each flight is a unique chapter in your family’s story, and as you write those chapters, you’re crafting memories and imparting invaluable lessons of resilience and adaptability. You’ve shown that with preparation, patience, and a touch of flexibility, you can soar to new heights with your baby by your side.

Did this article help? Please let us know in the comments. If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to ask.

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How to Travel with Baby Formula (By Plane or In the Car)

Posted by Jane Springston on May 12, 2021

Going on vacation with your baby is both exciting and daunting. At this point you’ve likely reached a comfort level caring for your little one and have even mastered outings during the day. Now you’re ready to take on traveling with your baby, but you know there is a lot to consider. And that includes managing all those feedings and what the heck is the best way to travel with baby formula?!

It can seem challenging when you’ve never done it before, but with the right knowledge and a few expert tips, traveling with your little one and her formula doesn’t have to be hard. 

Planning Ahead for Feeding Your Formula-Fed Baby While You Travel

Whether you are heading to your destination by airplane or car, planning ahead is going to make all the difference in making your vacation with your baby a positive experience. We cover many our top suggestions in our article, “ Tips for Traveling With Your Baby .”

You’ll want to take extra time to plan out what you need for your baby’s formula feedings. You can utilize the following checklist to ensure you have everything you need:

• Formula - If you’re traveling domestically, chances are that there will be a store nearby that sells the type of formula you give to your baby. But be sure to do your research ahead of time to ensure this is the case. We recommend bringing more than enough formula along with you anyway, so that you don’t have to be rushing out on your vacation trying to buy more. 
• Bottles - Once you get to your hotel or destination, you’ll be able to sanitize your baby’s bottles. But until then, you’ll want to have enough to get you through your trip. For example, if you’ll be on a plane, you don’t want to have to worry about cleaning any bottles mid-flight so make sure you bring enough to get you through.
• Portable Bottle Warmer - A travel bottle warmer is a life-saver when traveling with your baby. It’s going to be difficult to access warm water to make your baby’s formula bottle, so a bottle warmer will do the trick. The Baby’s Brew portable bottle warmer is perfect because it easily fits in a diaper bag and will warm your baby’s formula in advance so it’s ready when they are. 
• Formula Dispenser - These take the mess out of bottle making while making portioning out your baby’s bottle super simple. We list our favorites in this article !
• Water - You can’t make a formula bottle without it (unless of course you use ready-to-feed formula). In terms of what water to use for your baby’s bottles, tap water is generally regarded as safe to use, but if you can bring your own sterilized water from home that’s even better. 

Along with what you’ll need to make the bottle, you’ll also want to have what you need to keep your little one clean. Burp cloths and baby wipes are something you’ll want to have on hand. Our checklist works great for both plane and car travel, but these trips will bring different challenges so let’s get into the specifics.

Traveling with Baby Formula By Plane

Because there are so many rules about what you can and can’t take with you on a plane, of course you’re going to be a bit concerned about how you’re going to manage your baby’s formula feedings on the airplane.

Many parents wonder, “ Can you travel with baby formula on a plane?”

Luckily, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is much less strict about bringing liquids onto a plane that are for babies and young children. 

The rules in regard to formula, breast milk and juice, according to their website, is as follows:

“ Formula, breast milk and juice for infants or toddlers are permitted in reasonable quantities through the security checkpoint. Remove these items from your carry-on bag to be screened separately from the rest of your belongings.”

The part about “reasonable quantities” can be a bit confusing, but they likely won’t question the amount you have especially if your little one is with you. Just be sure to notify the TSA officer right away that you have formula in your bag that exceeds the typical maximum of 3.4 ounces.

You can also skip putting it through the x-ray machine or tell them you don’t want them to open it, but they will need to use a different method of screening.

Going through security is often stressful enough even without a baby and all of their formula, so it’s important to be relaxed about the process and give yourself plenty of extra time to get through this portion of the travel process. Remember that you aren’t the first parents to pass through security with a little one, so the process should go smoothly.  

Top Tips for Easy Plane Traveling with Formula

So you can rest easy knowing you’ll be able to take your baby’s formula on the plane with you (whether that’s already liquid in a bottle or stored in powdered form), but the next step is navigating bringing it along and giving it to your baby in the easiest way possible.

From avoiding messes to timing those feedings just right, here are our top tips for bringing that formula along as you cruise the friendly skies.

• Prepare Bottles Ahead - You will already have plenty to worry about as you’re navigating the airport and boarding the plane, so don’t add bottle-making to the list if you don’t have to. According to Kids Health , formula may be prepared up to 24 hours in advance, as long as it's refrigerated. We suggest taking advantage of this and storing your baby’s bottles in a cooler bag. That way when it’s time to warm one up, you just pull a bottle out of the bag.
• Warm Bottles Ahead - Above we recommended taking along a travel bottle warmer. We suggest using one like the Baby’s Brew where you can begin warming the bottle at the push of a button and that can be warmed well in advance. That way, the minute your baby gets hungry, you’ll have the bottle ready and you can avoid the tears. 
• Feed Your Baby During Take-Off - We suggest trying to time your baby’s feed with take-off. Even if it’s not technically “meal time” you may try offering your little one a bottle. This can help with plugged ears and make for a peaceful transition into your flight. (And of course cross your fingers that it will soon send them off to dreamland for a good portion of the flight.)

Traveling with Baby Formula By Car

For many, traveling with a baby by car can seem a little less overwhelming. Because they’ve likely been in the car many times before and you don’t have to worry about your baby crying and bothering other passengers, it’s usually a little less stressful. However, car trips often mean more time spent traveling. This means you’ll have to be a bit more strategic about your baby’s bottle feedings.

Even if your baby is old enough to hold their own bottle, it’s not recommended that you feed your baby while the car is moving. According to Hygeia Health , “Bottles become projectiles in the event of the crash,” and “Motion sickness is something to consider.” Therefore, you’ll have to plan out when you’ll need to stop to feed your little one - whether that’s at a rest stop or when your family stops to get a bite to eat. 

Top Tips for Easy Car Travel with Formula

Formula-feeding while road tripping gets easier the more times you do it, especially when you have the right strategies in place to keep your baby happy with a full tummy. 

• Prepare Bottles Ahead - This tip we recommended for plane travel works great for car travel as well. Because it’s so important to have clean hands to prepare bottles, it’s just better to have this already done. Pit stops on road trips don’t usually make for the cleanest places anyway. Just be sure you keep the bottles of pre-made formula cold and use them within 24 hours. 
• Keep Everything Up Front - There is nothing worse than finally getting on your way and realizing that something you need is in the back of your car. Even though we don’t recommend giving your baby their bottle while the car is moving, we DO suggest getting the bottle prepped ahead of time. Be sure you have access to your baby’s bottles and bottle warmer so that you can start the warming process ahead of time so that it’s ready to go when it’s time to stop. 
• Be Ready to Store Used Bottles - Because you probably won’t be able to clean your baby’s bottles until you arrive at your final stop of the day, we suggest having a wet bag to store them in. That way you won’t have bottles cluttering up your car and you can sanitize them later on while easily wiping up your wetbag so it’s ready to use again. 

Formula Feeding When You Arrive

You’ve arrived at your hotel or your final stop and you can finally breathe a sigh of relief!

It definitely feels good to get to this point when you’ve been traveling with a baby all day. At this point you’ll want to get your baby’s bottles all sanitized and ready for the next day. If you have formula bottles that you didn’t use and it’s still within 24 hours, be sure to transfer those to the fridge. (Pro tip: ALWAYS stay somewhere that has a fridge when you have a baby.)

The last thing to do is fill your baby up with one more formula bottle before you all crash into bed...because after all that travel, you will surely be ready for sleep!

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Traveling with Children

All passengers are required to undergo screening. However, TSA has developed modified screening procedures for children who appear to be 12 years old and younger. TSA officers will consult parents or the traveling guardian about the child’s screening.

TSA standard screening procedures apply for children 13 years and older. Carry-on property of all passengers, regardless of age, must be screened. All passengers who alarm will undergo additional screening.

Children with Medical Conditions, Disabilities, or Mobility Aids

Inform the TSA officer if the child has a disability, medical condition or medical device.

Let the TSA officer know if your child is able to walk through the metal detector or needs to be carried through the metal detector by a parent/guardian. You may carry your child through the WTMD. The TSA officer will not remove your child from their mobility aid, wheelchair or scooter.

Request Assistance

TSA Cares provides information to passengers with disabilities, medical conditions and those that need additional assistance to better prepare for the security screening process. Call  TSA Cares 72 hours prior  to traveling with questions about screening policies, procedures and what to expect at the security checkpoint. You may also call to request assistance at the checkpoint.

Liquid Formula, Breast Milk, Toddler Drinks, and Baby/Toddler food (to include puree pouches)

Formula, breast milk, toddler drinks and baby/toddler food (to include puree pouches) in quantities greater than 3.4 ounces or 100 milliliters are allowed in carry-on baggage and do not need to fit within a quart-sized bag. Formula, breast milk, toddler drinks and baby/toddler food (to include puree pouches) are considered medically necessary liquids. This also applies to breast milk and formula cooling accessories, such as ice packs, freezer packs and gel packs (regardless of presence of breast milk). Your child or infant does not need to be present or traveling with you to bring breast milk, formula and/or related supplies.

Inform the TSA officer at the beginning of the screening process that you are carrying formula, breast milk, toddler drinks and baby/toddler food (to include puree pouches) in excess of 3.4 ounces. Remove these items from your carry-on bag to be screened separately from your other belongings. TSA officers may need to test the liquids for explosives or concealed prohibited items.

It’s helpful to the officers when formula and breast milk are in clear, translucent bottles and not plastic bags or pouches. Liquids in plastic bags or pouches may not be able to be screened by Bottle Liquid Scanners, and you may be asked to open them (if feasible) for alternate screening such as Explosive Trace Detection and Vapor Analysis for the presence of liquid explosives. Screening will never include placing anything into the medically necessary liquid.

TSA X-ray machines are not harmful to food or medicines. However, if you do not want the formula, breast milk, toddler drinks, and baby/toddler food (to include puree pouches) to be X-rayed or opened, please inform the TSA officer. Additional steps will be taken to resolve alarms. You or the traveling guardian will undergo additional screening procedures, to include Advanced Imaging Technology screening and additional/enhanced screening of other carry-on property.

Ice packs, freezer packs, frozen gel packs and other accessories required to cool formula, breast milk, toddler drinks and baby/toddler food (to include puree pouches) – regardless of the presence of breast milk – are also allowed in carry-ons, along with liquid-filled teethers. If these items are partially frozen or slushy, they are subject to the same screening as described above.

Passengers requiring special accommodations or concerned about the security screening process at the airport may request assistance by contacting  TSA Cares  or by phone at (855) 787-2227.

Screening of Children’s Items

• Place all carry-on baggage such as children's toys, bags and blankets on the X-ray belt for screening.
• Strollers, umbrella-strollers, baby carriers, car and booster seats and backpacks must be screened by X-ray.
• Place items in the stroller pockets or baskets, in a carry-on bag or on the X-ray belt for screening.
• Equipment that does not fit through the X-ray machine will undergo a visual/physical inspection by TSA officers.

Screening Technology

Walk-Through Metal Detector

Children able to walk through the metal detector without assistance may do so separately from their parent or guardian. If they alarm, children are allowed multiple passes through screening technologies and may undergo other procedures to resolve the alarm to reduce the need for a pat-down. Infants and small children may be carried through the metal detector. Should the alarm sound, additional screening is required.

Advanced Imaging Technology

If your child is able to remain standing in the required position for 5 seconds, he or she may be screened through the advanced imaging technology. If a child 12 and under goes through the machine and alarms, they have an opportunity to go through again or the TSA officer may use other procedures to resolve the alarm to reduce the need for a pat-down.

You may not be screened by this technology when carrying an infant or child.

Screening your Child

• Children 12 and under can leave their shoes, light jackets and headwear on during screening. For AIT screening, light jackets must be removed and placed on the X-ray belt.
• Children will not be separated from their parent/guardian.
• Remove infants and children from strollers and car seats and carry them in arms through the walk-through metal detector.
• Infants may be carried in a sling/carrier (to include lap baby) through the walk-through metal detector or when being screened in a wheelchair, but may be subject to additional screening
• Modified screening procedures are in place to reduce the likelihood of a pat-down.

Flying With Formula Fed Baby and Tips for travelling with bottle-fed baby

By: Author Wandermust Mummy

Are you flying with formula fed baby? Worried about how to pack formula for air travel? Well fear not, in this guide we cover everything you need to know know for how to fly with formula fed baby. Yes, it is undoubtedly easier flying with a breastfed over travelling with a bottle-fed baby. All you need is your boob and maybe a cover and you are good to go. But don’t let formula feeding but you off travel. Yes there are a lot of  rules for flying with baby formula that  and it can seem confusing at first but in this our essential guide to flying with formula fed baby we answer all your questions to help take the stress out of your travels!

Important Note : This post may contain affiliate links which means if you click through and make a purchase I will make a small commission at no extra cost to you!

Table of Contents

The rules and regulations of flying with formula 

First the good news – the 100ml carry-on limit for liquids doesn’t apply to formula milk or sterilised water. This means that you can bring on enough liquid for baby to last the entire flight.

Unfortunately that doesn’t mean that you can take unlimited supplies in your hand luggage but you are permitted to carry  enough to keep you going for the flight and a bit extra just in case of delays.

For more guide on traveling with babies be sure to check out our other posts:

• Traveling with frozen breast milk

Traveling with formula fed baby through airport security

flying with formula fed baby

Now if you are traveling with formula fed baby through airport security I would advise allowing yourself a bit of extra time. Now obviously some airports are easier to travel through than others but when you are travelling with formula you will often have to have each liquid go through its own liquid scanner.

This can take time so leave yourself a bit of extra time to take away some stress! There is nothing worse than the feeling of running through an airport except perhaps having to run through an airport with a baby! 

How to fly with formula fed baby – Airport Security Baby Formula Tips and Tricks 

how to fly with formula fed baby

One of the biggest questions people have about how to fly with formula fed baby concerns airport security.

To help speed up the process of going through airport security when travelling with baby formula here are my top airport security baby formula tips including how to pack formula for air travel:

• As with all liquids, remember to pack your milk in see through bags
• Remove all liquids from the nappy bag.

If you are flying with remeasured formula and water I would recommend not using a vacuum flask as it may cause issues when you pass through security.

As always, regulations can change. I recommend using the  U.K. Government website  to check guidelines before traveling in the UK and the TSA website in the US should have up to date information!

At time of writing, the TSA advises that formula should be removed from bags before the screening process. Liquids of more than 3.4 ounces or 100 ml of liquid are allowed when travelling with infants but need to be screened separately.

You may also carry freezer packs and other cooling accessories however these may also need to be screened as they can count as liquids! 

One of the main concerns I had when travelling with baby formula is what would happen if security asked me to open liquids to taste going through security such as the sterilised water.

If this concerns you, you could consider buying a newborn ready feed kit. The formula milk in these are 70ml so you don’t need to open them as you pass through security. Warning however this is the most expensive option.

Otherwise, you can order formula to be collected at some airports once you have passed through security Be sure to check with your airport if this is an option and also the timeframes for doing so.

Many airports need a minimum of 5 days warning to do this. In the UK airport this service is offered by branches on Boots which are in the airside terminals.

Traveling with baby formula – what type of formula should you take

Are you wondering about traveling with baby formula? Worried about which one to take? In truth you have several options.

You could take remeasured formula and water. If you do this method be sure not to use a vacuum flask to store it in as this may cause you issues at security. Lots of people have concerns about travelling with sterilised water through security but is is allowed.

Personally we use ready made formula. Undoubtedly taking ready made formula on plane is the more expensive option but it does offer ease. All you need to think about is putting the milk in a sterilized bottle.

We actually use chilli peeps teats when traveling instead of bottles. These teats can fit onto all bottled ready feeds. You can simply screw on the teat to the bottle of ready made formula and you are good to go.

This saves a massive amount of space in your nappy bag and we all know space is a premium when travelling with a formula fed baby.

Another option is to buy the formula airside. Check which airport you are flying from to see if this is an option. Some of the airports allow you to preorder so check if this option is open to you.

How to travel with baby formula – how much should I take?

One of the biggest questions we receive about how to travel with baby formula involves the quantities you should pack in your hand luggage.

If you are worried about how much to pack remember to pack enough to allow for delays and remember that the dry air on the plane may make them thirstier than usual.

How to pack formula milk for travel / how to pack formula for air travel

One of the main drawbacks to travelling with bottle-fed baby is that there is just so much more stuff to pack! Here is our guide to how to pack formal milk for travel in checklist form to make sure you don’t forget anything important:

• Baby Bottles and Teats  I would pack more than you think you are going to need! Usually the crew will help by providing hot water but it can be difficult to clean bottles and teats on an airplane so having extras is never a bad thing.An alternative we used was the Chilli Peeps System with Ready feed bottles. This meant we didn’t have to clean bottles on the plane. 
• Formula  It can seem tempting to not pack formula with you when you travel however I recommend taking your own with you especially when you are travelling with very small children. Changes of formula can upset a little ones tummy so it is easy to have your own with you!Obviously this is not always possible when going on extended trips but it can be worth looking up if your regular formula is sold in your destination country and if it has a different name.Sometimes we would pre order formula that was the same from home to be waiting for us at the hotel or AirBnB with the accommodations permission of course.If you opt for using formula on the plane instead of ready feeds our number one tip is to use premeasured formula so you don’t have to worry about doing this on the plane.We really love the Sectioned Formula containers as this means the formula is in one place and easy to find in a nappy bag but means you don’t have to worry about measuring! 
• Muslin Cloth  There is nothing worse than a baby burping up on you mid flight.
• Sterlising Equipment  Another tip we have for how to fly with baby formula is to make sure you have extra zip lock bags to separate the clean from dirty bottles. You don’t want to contaminate the clean ones by putting all the bottles together.We also always carry sterilising wipes with us to clean the plane area we are sitting in.Do you have any other tips for how to travel with formula on plane? Please leave a comment you have any other handy hacks for formula and flying!

When Should I formula feed my baby while flying?

I would advise sticking to your normal feeding routine when traveling but if you can time it so you can get your baby to feed during take off and landing this will help with ear popping and will reduce discomfort for baby.

Some recommend waiting until the plane has actually taken off so the baby gets the benefit of feeding one the cabin pressure has actually changed.

If your baby refuses to feed at this timothy and use a pacifier instead as the sucking motion does help them pop their ears!

How to travel with formula fed baby – sterilising concerns 

When traveling with my little I always try and carry enough bottles to last the entire journey so I don’t have to worry about sterilizing while traveling. If you are limited on space we like to use bottles with attachable teats such as the Chili Peeps Teats which fit most bottles and save on space! 

Once you are at your destination we recommend looking for accommodation that has a microwave in the room to help with sterilising.

Otherwise we would also fly with Milton Tablets and a sterilising bag to help us sterilise even when we have minimal facilities to do so! 

Other tips for travelling with formula fed baby

• Look for accommodation with a kitchen or at least a microwave and fridge to make sterilising and bottle prep easier. 
• Looking for some places that are easy to travel with a baby then why not check out some of the family friendly places we have been with our baby from the Best European City Breaks with babies to taking a beach break in the Maldives with a baby! 
• And if you are traveling and weaning or with a toddler then be sure to check out our best snacks for toddlers on planes. 

Saturday 21st of October 2017

Great post! These tips will become in handy for us as we're going to Manchester this week. Thanks so much for sharing.

Monday 17th of July 2017

Great tips - I am going away in a few weeks with a baby so this has been really helpful #familytips

TraveLynn Family - Jenny

Tuesday 11th of July 2017

With so many rules about what you can and cannot take on a flight these days, it can be quite a mindfield! I love how this post uncomplicates all the myths and provides clear, trustworthy advice for any formula feeding Mum. #familytraveltips

Wandermust Mummy

Aww thank you

I never even considered how difficult this would be as I never flew with a baby. I am glad that the liquid limitation does not apply. This is a really helpful post to those that need this information.

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How To Travel With Baby Formula And Food

Travelpro Travel Expert Editor

Tips & Tricks

Planning a family trip is exciting, but packing for it can be overwhelming, especially if you plan to fly with your little ones. You can travel with milk, formula, or baby food no matter where you are. When you must pass through airport security and have enough supplies on hand for days, handling these items requires some simple preparation.

Before packing your bags, here are a few tips on traveling with baby formula and food so that you – and the whole family – stay happy.

Can you bring baby formula on a plane

The TSA classifies baby formula as medically necessary, so you can pack as much baby formula as you need for the trip without being limited to the 3.4-ounce rule that applies to other liquids. When you go through security screening, inform airport security of the amount of baby formula you’re carrying. Remove the formula from your carry-on so the agent can screen it separately. TSA officers may test the liquid to confirm it is baby formula and not a prohibited liquid.

Can you bring powdered formula on a plane?

You can pack unmixed baby formula in your carry-on. As with premixed powder, inform the TSA agent you have the baby formula during screening. Ideally, keep the formula in its original packaging. Security may test a small portion of the formula for prohibited substances but will not add anything to the formula package.

Breast or Store-Bought Milk

The rules for breast milk are the same as for baby formula. You can bring as much breast milk as you need for the trip in your carry-on, preferably stored in transparent bottles. The same rules apply if you’re wondering how to travel with milk for a 1-year-old. Milk for older children will be subject to the same 3-1-1 rules as other liquids.

Can you bring baby food on a plane

You can bring baby and toddler food on a plane in quantities greater than 3.4 ounces, including jars and baby food pouches of fruits, vegetables, and meat/poultry purees. Store the food in well-sealed containers separate from the rest of your personal belongings.

Can you bring homemade baby food on a plane?

Homemade baby food is allowed in carry-on bags but may be subject to additional screening by TSA agents. Label all homemade baby food before packing, and have it stored in an accessible location in your carry-on bag.

How to keep baby formula and food safe on board

Once you have figured out just how much baby formula powder/ breastmilk and food you should pack, you need to plan how to keep the food safe. Some trips can be long and involve many more hours than just your flight time. How can you ensure your baby’s food stays fresh?

Here are a few things you can do to ensure that your baby's food and formula are safe during travel:

• A travel cooler  bag is your best bet for day trips to week-long adventures. Some are made for wet and dry foods and can be used to keep food warm or cold.
• Check baby food and formula containers for expiration and refrigeration requirements
• Use ice packs to keep food and formula cold when needed.
• Avoid giving your baby food from open containers that have been sitting out at room temperature for more than two hours.
• Do not heat baby food or formula using the airplane's microwave.

Being prepared by following these few guidelines will give you peace of mind for a safe and healthy trip. Check out more of our family travel blogs for other helpful tips and tricks on kid- and baby-friendly travel.

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Travelpro Travel Expert Editor The Travelpro® Blog

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We’re here to take you and your family wherever you need to go.  Infants or children under 2 years of age can travel on the lap of an adult for free (within the United States) or at a reduced fare (for international travel). You also may purchase a ticket and use the child’s own seat on the aircraft as long as it meets the FAA-approved child safety seat specifications or use a CARES harness. Our step-by-step guide explains how to easily add a lap-held infant (Infant-in-Arms) to your ticket yourself.

Due to FAA safety requirements, 1 adult passenger may only carry 1 lap-held infant. If an adult passenger is traveling with 2 infants, a seat must be purchased for the additional infant. Infants occupying a seat on domestic flights require a ticket and pay the applicable fare.

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Child & infant age restrictions, infant-in-arms or child in safety seat, you will need to purchase a ticket for your child if you:.

• Have a child that is 2 years old or older
• Have a child that turns 2 during the trip
• Prefer the child sit in a seat with an FAA-approved child safety seat
• Already have a child that will be sitting in your lap, regardless of age
• Want your child to earn miles for their SkyMiles account
• Will be traveling between countries, regardless of whether or not the child occupies a seat

Child Safety Seat Guidelines

If you decide to use a child safety seat aboard the airplane and purchase a ticket for your child, there are a few restrictions and guidelines you'll need to follow.

The window seat is the preferred location for an approved child safety seat (child restraint system or car seat). Other locations may be acceptable provided the seat is not installed between other passengers and the aisle. An accompanying adult must sit next to the child. More than one car seat may be in use in the same row and section of seats. Per FAA regulations, children under 2 years of age are not allowed to sit in a seat equipped with an airbag seat belt.

When using a child safety seat, don’t select seats in the following areas: 

• Aisle seats
• Emergency exit rows
• Bulkhead seats when the safety seat is a combination car seat and stroller
• Flatbed seats in the Delta One ™ area of the following aircraft: Airbus A330-200 or A330-300 aircraft *

* Child Safety Seats are not permitted in this area since the airbag seat belt cannot be deactivated .

An adult (18 years or older) may hold an infant (Infant-in-Arms) or place the infant in a FAA-approved child restraint in their seat during takeoff and landing. Booster-type car seats are not permitted for use during taxi, takeoff and landing.

Delta flight attendants will check with accompanying adults to ensure that children are properly secured in their safety seats and in the aircraft seat. The accompanying adult, however, has the following responsibilities when using a child restraint during takeoff and landing:

• Ensure that the child restraint seat meets FAA guidelines , Go to footer note
• Ensure that the child restraint seat functions properly and is free of obvious defects
• Secure the child according to the manufacturer's instructions
• Ensure the child does not exceed the restraint's weight limit
• Ensure the child restraint is secured to the aircraft seat using the aircraft seat's safety belt

All child safety seats or restraints include labeling that indicates their compliance with safety requirements. Restraints that meet the qualifications and labeling are approved for use on Delta flights.

Restraints manufactured within the U.S. after 2/25/85 with the following labels:

• Conforms to all applicable federal motor vehicle standards
• Is certified for use in motor vehicles and aircraft

Restraints manufactured within the U.S. between 1/1/81 and 2/25/85 with the following label:

Restraints manufactured outside the U.S. with the following labels:

• Has the approval of a foreign government
• Was manufactured under standards of the United Nations

Restraints that are not permitted:

• Booster seats, even if they bear labels indicating they meet U.S., UN or foreign government standards
• Vest and harness-type child restraint devices other than the FAA approved CARES restraint device

Bassinets or SkyCots

For some of our smallest passengers on some international flights, we offer onboard baby bassinets. They’re ideal for babies weighing up to 20 lbs. (9 kg) and up to 26 inches (66 cm) long.

• Onboard bassinets, also known as SkyCots, are available free of charge for passengers in select seats on equipped aircraft for some international flights
• SkyCots can be requested by contacting Reservations before arriving at the airport and then speaking with the gate agent at the boarding gate, but cannot be guaranteed due to a limit of two SkyCots per aircraft and weight restrictions
• Please note that all infants must be held during takeoff, landing and whenever the seat belt light is on

Additional Infant Travel Information

For children under the age of two, we recommend you purchase a seat on the aircraft and use an approved child safety seat. Here are some other helpful tips for traveling with your infant or toddler:

Breastfeeding

Delta fully supports a woman’s right to breastfeed on board Delta and Delta Connection aircraft and in Delta facilities. Breast pumps are allowed on board. At the airport and if you prefer, many airports do offer private lactation rooms or spaces. Ask a Delta associate if you need assistance locating one at an airport.

Booking Your Trip

When traveling with an infant or toddler, you may find it helpful to allow a little extra time between flights to take rest or bathroom breaks along the way. Our Airport maps can help you plan your layovers before you even reach the airport.

International Flights

If your travel destination requires a passport and/or travel visas, you will need a passport for your child, and possibly extra documentation. To review required documentation in each country you’re visiting or stopping over in, visit the U.S. Department of State’s Special Requirements for Children .

Infant Baggage

Review our Infant & Children's Items guidelines for specific details on carry-on items, including child restraint seats, strollers and diaper bags. During security check in, the TSA will usually make a special provision for items like medications, breast milk and baby formula. Check out the Traveling with Kids section of the TSA website for information and helpful videos about travel with infants and carry-on baggage restrictions.

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How to Travel with Baby Formula

Feeding our babies is the most important thing we do as parents. And the amount of pressure we put on ourselves over what to feed them and how to feed them carries over into travel. Travel with baby formula definitely requires planning in advance. The length of your journey and your destination will determine exactly how much you need to bring and how you need to bring it.

Packing Formula

You’ll need to pack formula for your travel day, and for the duration of your vacation if you aren’t certain your brand will be available where you’re going. Depending on the age of your baby and their tolerance for change, switching brands or formulations while on vacation is not recommended. Baby items are difficult to come by in airports and on the road. Always, always pack more feeds than you think you will need in your carry-on . And even if your brand is available at your destination, not having to rush out to a store when you arrive is worth packing extra.

FAA regulations allow for more than the allowed liquid requirements when traveling with a baby under two. Within reason . They aren’t going to allow you to go through security with a gallon of distilled water. However, it is safe to prepare powdered formula with bottled water. It must be below 200 mg/litre of sodium and no more than 250mg/litre of sulphate. Most brands fall well within these amounts.

Powdered Formula vs. Ready-to-Drink

If you are already feeding ready-to-drink formula, and you don’t think it will be available at your destination, it’s safe to say your luggage will be very heavy. Consider switching before your trip if possible. For ease of identification, travel with a can of the formula powder. The travel formula containers make life very easy in terms of portioning and mixing while en route. Although having the can handy for identification makes life easier while going through security.

Mixing Formula

Probably my biggest and best tip for travel with baby formula is to get baby accustomed to drinking room temperature bottles. Mixing formula while traveling is not such a big deal, however heating it up might be. Juggling cups of boiling water is no picnic if you’re also managing a hungry baby. Certainly there are portable baby bottle warmers designed for travel. If you have the money and the carry-on space for an extra gadget, and baby can’t tolerate a non-warmed bottle, then it’s worth the investment.

Traveling with Bottles

Bottles take up a lot of space. Although the powdered formula doesn’t take up a lot of room, the pre-sterilized bottles do. If your travel day is 12 hours, and baby feeds every four hours, that’s three bottles (plus at least two extra in case of delays). So there’s five empty bottles (plus nipples, plus caps) you need to pack and keep clean.

The pre-sterilized bottle liners definitely save space and make life easier for travel.

Washing and Sterilizing Bottles

Is it really a vacation if you’re still washing and sterilizing bottles? Of course! It’s not necessary to travel with a bottle sterilizer if you have access to (or pack) a travel kettle. However, if your accommodation has a kitchen or at least a microwave, the steam sterilizers are fairly compact and the sterilizer bags even more so.

Making bottle maintenance a part of your routine while on vacation is just part of travel with baby formula and once it’s done you can enjoy your evening together.

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• Tips for Feeding Baby on Holiday
• How to Sterilize Bottles in a Hotel Room Sink
• Bottle Feeding Travel Tips
• How to Travel with a Breastfeeding Baby
• Infant Travel: Planning Your First Trip with Baby
• Everything You Need to Know About Traveling with a Newborn

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How to Travel with Formula: Tips and Guidelines

Traveling with a baby can be stressful, especially when it comes to packing and transporting formula. However, with a little preparation and knowledge, it can be a smooth and hassle-free experience.

First, it is important to note that baby formula is allowed in both carry-on and checked bags. However, it is recommended to pack enough formula for the entire trip in case of any delays or unexpected situations. When packing baby formula powder in a carry-on bag, it is important to follow the TSA guidelines and notify the officer right away.

When traveling with formula, it is also important to consider the baby’s feeding schedule. Planning tasks and activities around the baby’s usual feeding times can help avoid any hunger-related meltdowns. It is also a good idea to pack extra bottles, nipples, and cleaning supplies to ensure everything stays sanitary and accessible during the trip.

TSA Guidelines

Preparing formula for travel, storing formula, sterilizing bottles, packing essentials, choosing the right formula for travel, navigating airport security with baby formula, managing feedings on a plane, using formula dispensers for convenience, cleaning bottles after travel, checking formula expiration dates, additional tips for traveling with formula, how much powdered formula can i bring on a plane, can i bring unopened baby formula on a plane, can i bring powdered formula on a plane, can i bring hot water for baby formula on a plane, do airports sell baby formula, what is the best way to travel with baby formula, understanding the basics of traveling with formula.

Traveling with a formula-fed baby can be challenging, but with the right preparation, it can be a stress-free experience. Here are some basics to keep in mind when traveling with formula:

According to TSA guidelines, formula, breast milk, juice, and baby food in quantities greater than 3.4 ounces (100ml) are allowed in carry-on baggage and do not need to fit in a quart-sized bag. You are permitted to bring acceptable amounts of breast milk and baby formula with you on your trip. It is recommended to inform the TSA agent of any formula, baby food items or breast milk in your carry-on baggage during the security screening process.

When packing formula for a flight, it is essential to plan ahead and pack enough for the duration of the trip. It is better to have too much than not enough. A formula dispenser can be a helpful tool for measuring out the correct amount of formula for each feeding. It is important to note that not all formula dispensers are TSA approved, so it is best to check with the airline before packing one in your carry-on.

When traveling with formula, it is crucial to ensure that it is stored properly to prevent spoilage. Powdered formula should be stored in a cool, dry place, while ready-to-feed formula should be kept in a cooler or insulated bag with ice packs. It is also recommended to bring a few extra bottles and nipples in case of spills or unexpected delays.

When traveling with formula, it is important to ensure that bottles are properly sterilized to prevent the spread of germs. One option is to bring sterilized bottles from home, but disposable sterilizing bags can also be a convenient and space-saving option. It is also recommended to bring a sterilizing tablet and ask the crew for water on the flight.

By keeping these basics in mind, traveling with formula can be a smooth and stress-free experience for both parents and babies.

Preparation Before Travel

Traveling with a bottle-fed baby requires some preparation to ensure that feeding goes smoothly, especially when traveling by air. Here are some tips to help parents prepare for a trip with baby formula.

When packing for a trip with baby formula, parents should consider the following essentials:

• Formula: Bring enough formula to last the entire trip, plus a little extra in case of delays.
• Bottles: Pack enough bottles for each feeding, plus a few extra in case of spills or leaks.
• Water: Bring clean water for mixing formula, or plan to buy bottled water after passing through security.
• Bottle brush: Pack a bottle brush for cleaning bottles on the go.
• Burp cloths: Bring a few burp cloths to clean up after feeding.
• Insulated bag: Use an insulated bag to keep formula and bottles cool.

When choosing a formula for travel, parents should consider the following factors:

• Powdered formula: Powdered formula is the easiest to travel with because it is lightweight and does not require refrigeration.
• Ready-to-feed formula: Ready-to-feed formula is convenient but heavy and expensive.
• Formula dispensers: Formula dispensers are useful for pre-measuring powdered formula for each feeding.
• Cooling accessories: Cooling accessories, such as freezer packs or gel packs, can keep formula cool while traveling.

Parents should also check with their airline’s policies regarding traveling with baby formula. Most airlines allow a reasonable quantity of baby formula to be brought in carry-on or checked baggage. Formula should be packed in a quart-sized bag and declared at security checkpoints.

By preparing ahead of time and packing the right essentials, parents can ensure that their baby is well-fed during travel.

Traveling with a baby can be stressful, especially when it comes to navigating airport security. However, with a little preparation and knowledge, it can be a smooth and stress-free process.

Formula, breast milk, juice, and baby food in quantities more than 3.4 ounces are permitted in carry-on baggage by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). These items should be removed from the carry-on bag and screened separately from other belongings. At the start of the screening process, parents or guardians should notify the TSA officer that they are carrying formula or other medically essential liquids in excess of 3.4 ounces.

To help speed up the process of going through airport security when traveling with baby formula, here are some tips:

• Pack formula in see-through bags to make it easier for security officers to inspect.
• Remove all liquids from the nappy bag before screening.
• Be aware of prohibited items such as gel packs or ice packs that are not frozen solid. Frozen gel packs or ice packs are allowed in carry-on bags.
• If traveling with a breast pump, it is allowed in carry-on bags and does not count as a carry-on item.

It is important to note that TSA officers may need to test liquids for explosives or other prohibited substances. If a TSA officer needs to test a liquid, they will ask the passenger to open the container and transfer a small amount of the liquid to a separate screening container.

In summary, traveling with baby formula through airport security can be a smooth process with a little preparation and knowledge of TSA guidelines. Informing the TSA officer at the beginning of the screening process and packing formula in see-through bags can help speed up the process.

Feeding Your Baby During Travel

Traveling with a baby can be challenging, especially when it comes to feeding. However, with proper planning and preparation, feeding your little one during travel can be made easier. Here are some tips to help you manage feedings on a plane and use formula dispensers for convenience.

If you’re flying with a formula-fed baby, you can bring your formula with you. Formula, breast milk, juice, and baby food in quantities more than 3.4 ounces are permitted in carry-on baggage. It is, nevertheless, recommended that you bring additional formula in case of spills or delays.

To warm up bottles, you can ask the flight attendant for hot water or use a portable bottle warmer. It is also helpful to bring wet wipes for cleaning up spills and messes.

If you are breastfeeding, it is recommended to nurse during takeoff and landing to help your baby’s ears adjust to the pressure changes. You can also bring a liquid-filled teether or toddler drinks to help your little one swallow and relieve ear pressure.

Formula dispensers are a convenient way to pack pre-measured formula for travel. They come in various sizes and shapes and can fit easily in a diaper bag or carry-on luggage.

To use a formula dispenser, simply fill each compartment with the appropriate amount of formula needed for each feeding. When it’s time to feed your baby, pour the formula into a bottle of pre-measured water and shake well.

It is important to note that tap water quality can vary from place to place, so it is recommended to use bottled water or boiled tap water when making formula. Frozen gel packs can also be used to keep pre-made bottles cold during travel.

By following these tips and using formula dispensers for convenience, feeding your baby during travel can be made easier and less stressful.

Post-Travel Care and Maintenance

After a trip, it’s essential to take care of the formula and feeding equipment to ensure the baby’s safety and health. Here are some tips for post-travel care and maintenance:

It’s crucial to clean the bottles thoroughly after every use to prevent bacteria growth. Use a bottle brush and mild soap to clean the bottles and nipples. Rinse them with hot water to remove any soap residue.

If you don’t have access to hot water, you can use bottled water or a water bottle with a built-in filter. Be sure to clean the water bottle before using it to rinse the bottles.

After cleaning, sterilize the bottles and nipples by boiling them in water for at least five minutes. You can also use a sterilizer or microwave sterilizer bags for convenience.

Always check the expiration date of the formula before using it. Expired formula can cause digestive problems and make the baby sick.

Check the expiration date on the formula container before packing it for travel. If the formula expires during the trip, dispose of it and buy a new one.

It’s also essential to check the expiration date of any backup formula you bring along. Don’t forget to check the expiration date of the water you use to mix the formula.

In conclusion, taking care of the formula and feeding equipment after travel is crucial for the baby’s health and safety. Clean the bottles thoroughly and check the expiration date of the formula before using it. By following these simple steps, parents can ensure that their baby is getting the best care possible.

When traveling with a formula-fed baby or toddler, there are a few additional tips that can make the experience smoother and less stressful. Here are some practical tips for parents:

• Pack enough formula: It’s always better to pack more formula than you think you’ll need. This is especially important if you’re traveling to a remote location where it may be difficult to find your preferred brand of formula. A good rule of thumb is to pack at least one extra day’s worth of formula, just in case of delays or unexpected situations.
• Use translucent bottles: When going through airport security, it’s important to use translucent bottles for your formula. This will make it easier for security personnel to screen your formula without having to open the bottles. If you’re using opaque bottles, consider transferring your formula to translucent bottles before your trip.
• Consider affiliate links: If you’re looking to purchase formula before your trip, consider using affiliate links to save money and time. Many online retailers offer discounts and free shipping for formula purchases, and using affiliate links can help you earn cashback or other rewards.
• Pack formula in carry-on baggage: When flying with a formula-fed baby, it’s a good idea to pack your formula in your carry-on baggage. This will ensure that you have easy access to your formula during the flight, and will also prevent any potential issues with lost or delayed checked baggage.
• Be prepared for spills: Accidents happen, especially when traveling with young children. Be sure to pack extra bibs, burp cloths, and wipes to clean up any spills or messes that may occur during your trip.
• Know the TSA rules: Make sure you are aware with the TSA rules regarding formula and other liquids before your travel. Formula, breast milk, juice, and baby meals weighing more than 3.4 ounces are permitted in carry-on luggage and do not need to fit in a quart-sized bag. You may be forced to submit them for additional screening, though.

By following these additional tips, parents can ensure a smoother and stress-free travel experience with their formula-fed baby or toddler.

Traveling with baby formula can be a daunting task for new parents. However, with the right preparation and knowledge, it can be a smooth and stress-free experience. Here are some key takeaways to keep in mind when traveling with baby formula:

• Plan ahead: Consider your baby’s feeding schedule and pack enough formula for the duration of your trip. It’s always better to have more than you need than to run out.
• Pack smart: Use a formula dispenser to keep pre-measured formula organized and easy to access. Bring empty bottles to mix and serve the formula in. Consider packing a few extra items such as a bottle brush and sterilizing tablets for added convenience.
• Be aware of regulations: Check with your airline or transportation provider to ensure you are following their guidelines for carrying liquids and baby formula. Remember that TSA regulations allow for empty bottles to pass through security.
• Practice good hygiene: Always wash your hands thoroughly before preparing formula and use clean, sterilized bottles. Consider packing a portable bottle sterilizer or sterilizing tablets for added peace of mind.
• Be flexible: Traveling with a baby can be unpredictable, so be prepared to adjust your plans as needed. Don’t be afraid to ask for help or take breaks when necessary.

By following these tips, parents can feel confident and prepared when traveling with baby formula. With a little bit of planning and preparation, it’s possible to enjoy a stress-free trip with your little one.

Frequently Asked Questions

According to TSA guidelines, you are allowed to bring a “reasonable amount” of powdered formula on a plane. However, it is recommended that you bring only enough for your trip and pack it in your checked luggage to avoid any issues during security screening.

Yes, you can bring unopened baby formula on a plane in your carry-on or checked luggage. However, it is recommended that you pack it in your checked luggage to avoid any potential issues during security screening.

Yes, you can bring powdered formula on a plane in your carry-on or checked luggage. However, it is recommended that you pack it in your checked luggage to avoid any potential issues during security screening.

You are allowed to bring hot water for baby formula on a plane, but it must be in a thermos or other insulated container and be presented for inspection at the security checkpoint. It is also recommended that you bring extra water in case of delays or other unforeseen circumstances.

Many airports do sell baby formula, but it is not guaranteed. It is recommended that you bring enough formula for your trip to avoid any potential issues.

The best way to travel with baby formula is to pack it in your checked luggage to avoid any potential issues during security screening. It is also recommended that you bring extra formula and water in case of delays or other unforeseen circumstances.

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Flying with breast milk or formula? Don't worry about liquid limits. Here's what to know.

Actress Keke Palmer called out airport security officers in Houston this month on Twitter , saying they threatened to throw out more than 16 ounces of breast milk as she was going through security.

The officers were unambiguously in the wrong if they did ask her to get rid of her breast milk.

A Transportation Security Administration spokesperson told USA TODAY the agency was not aware of the incident but said travelers are encouraged to submit comments and concerns to the agency directly if they encounter issues during their screening. 

TSA regulations make generous allowances for milk and formula:

Formula, breast milk, toddler drinks, and baby/toddler food (to include puree pouches) in quantities greater than 3.4 ounces or 100 milliliters are allowed in carry-on baggage and do not need to fit within a quart-sized bag. Formula, breast milk, toddler drinks, and baby/toddler food (to include puree pouches) are considered medically necessary liquids. This also applies to breast milk and formula cooling accessories, such as ice packs, freezer packs, and gel packs (regardless of presence of breast milk). Your child or infant does not need to be present or traveling with you to bring breast milk, formula and/or related supplies.

Travelers can also notify the TSA if they plan to travel with medically necessary liquids. 

Nikeytha Ramsey, founder and CEO of Junobie, a company that produces sustainable, plastic-free storage containers for breast milk and baby formula, said it’s important for parents to know their rights when they fly with such liquids and to stick up for them if they run into any problems.

“It says it right here on your website that I am allowed to fly. Breast milk does not count against the 3.4-ounce rule. Neither does baby formula,” she said. “So just like what your website says ... I would appreciate if you can honor this right now for us.”

Ramsey added that it’s usually a good idea to notify TSA agents about any breast milk or formula you may be traveling with before your screening starts.

“You never know what TSA agent you are going to get. You can get a really, really pleasant TSA agent and they're not going to really give you any issues,” she said. “I will inform TSA, ‘Hey, I do have breast milk,’ or if you are a parent that has baby formula or baby food, inform them that you do have these things. That's what I always do. And they will take it over to either the bottle X-ray to screen it, or they will do what we call a vapor test.”

Tell us your story: Mobility device lost or damaged by an airline? USA TODAY wants to hear about it.

Sens. Tammy Duckworth, D-Ill., Mazie Hirono, D-Hawaii, and Steve Danes, R-Mont., reintroduced legislation in May that would require the TSA to better educate its officers about its policies, citing reports from constituents of complaints similar to Palmer’s.

“Too often, I hear stories of traveling moms being mistreated and denied access to their breast milk and the breastfeeding equipment that they need to pump and feed their babies,” Duckworth said in a statement . “Many of these incidents are inconsistent with TSA’s screening policies, which is why I’m proud to reintroduce this bipartisan legislation to ensure TSA keeps its employees up to speed on their own policies and updates those policies as necessary. It’s the least we can do to help make sure parents traveling through our airports are given the respect and dignity they deserve.”

The Bottles and Breastfeeding Equipment Screening Enhancement (BABES) Act would require the TSA to:

• Issue guidance promoting the hygienic handling of any breast milk, baby formula or other infant nutrition products, as well as accessories traveling through checkpoints.
• Consult with nationally recognized maternal health organizations in establishing and communicating the guidance to officers and travelers.
• Update its guidance every five years to respond to the emerging needs of parents and to account for developments in technology.

For now, the TSA recommends traveling with breast milk or formula in clear, translucent bottles rather than in bags, which can be harder to screen.

Travelers should know their rights when flying with breast milk, formula or related devices, and they can check out the TSA’s full guidelines linked again here .

Contributing: Ariana Triggs, USA TODAY

Zach Wichter is a travel reporter for USA TODAY based in New York. You can reach him at [email protected]

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Flying With a Baby? Here’s What to Know Before You Go

Medical review policy, latest update:, how old should a baby be to fly, read this next, what do children need to fly, tips for flying with an infant.

What to Expect the First Year , 3rd edition, Heidi Murkoff.  WhatToExpect.com, Do Babies Need Passports? , May 2019.  WhatToExpect.com, Should You Bring Your Child’s Car Seat on an Airplane? , August 2021. WhatToExpect.com, Your Ultimate Guide to Traveling While Breastfeeding , August 2020. American Academy of Pediatrics, Family Friendly Flying , November 2015.  American Academy of Pediatrics, Flying With Baby: Parent FAQs , November 2019.   American Airlines, Traveling With Children .  Delta Air Lines, Infant Air Travel , 2021.  Federal Aviation Administration, Flying With Children , March 2021.  Transportation Security Administration, Coronavirus (COVID-19) FAQ .  Transportation Security Administration, Identification .  Transportation Security Administration, Will Minors Need to Have a State ID to Fly Domestically? United Airlines, Traveling With Children , 2021.  U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Children – Child Traveling With One Parent or Someone Who Is Not a Parent or Legal Guardian or a Group , December 2019.

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Is air travel safe for an infant?

Air travel is typically safe for most healthy, full-term infants after the first few weeks. Air travel may not be a good idea for babies born before their due date, called premature or pre-term.

Babies born early may still need time for their lungs to mature. So check with a healthcare professional before flying in a pressurized cabin or visiting high-altitude places.

And any infant with heart or lung problems should be cleared for air travel by a healthcare professional.

As you plan your trip, here are some things to keep in mind, such as the baby's age, your health and some basics of flying.

The baby's age, overall health

Experts caution against flying in the first seven days after a baby is born. Some healthcare professionals suggest not traveling for the first few months.

In general, babies and adults face the same risk of exposure to illness from travel. But a baby's immune system is still learning how to protect against germs. And in most cases, a baby's illness needs to be more closely watched by a healthcare professional.

Caregiver health and planning

It is important for caregivers to think about their own health too. Flying with a child can cause added sleep loss and stress. And adults are at risk for new germs and illness, as well.

Finding out what illnesses are spreading in your area and where you're going can help you prepare and take thoughtful action. And basic things like handwashing are even more important to prevent the spread of germs while traveling.

The baby's ears

Offering a baby something to suck on may help relieve the baby's ear discomfort. You can offer the baby a breast, bottle or pacifier to suck on during takeoff and the start of the landing process. It might help to try to time feedings so that your baby is hungry during these times.

Ask a healthcare professional when it's safe to fly with babies who have had ear surgery or an ear infection.

Also, airplane cabin noise levels are loud, mainly during takeoff. Cotton balls, noise-canceling headphones or small earplugs may limit your baby's exposure to this noise. This may help make it easier for your baby to sleep.

The baby's safety seat

Most infant car seats are certified for air travel. Airlines often allow infants to ride on a caregiver's lap during flight. But the Federal Aviation Administration recommends that infants ride in properly secured safety seats.

If you choose not to purchase a ticket for your infant, ask about open seats when you board the plane. It's possible an open seat could be assigned to your infant.

Don't be tempted to give your baby medicine, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl, others), to help the baby sleep during the flight. The practice isn't recommended, and sometimes the medicine can have the opposite effect.

Jay L. Hoecker, M.D.

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• Jana LA, et al. Flying the family-friendly skies. In: Heading Home With Your Newborn: From Birth to Reality. 4th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2020. https://www.aap.org/en/shopaap. Accessed Oct. 30, 2023.
• Newborn-flying and mountain travel. Pediatric Patient Education. https://publications.aap.org/patiented. Accessed Oct. 30, 2023.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Traveling safely with infants & children. In: CDC Yellow Book 2024. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/family/infants-and-children. Accessed Oct. 30, 2023.
• AskMayoExpert. Infant Fever. Accessed Nov. 18, 2023.
• Schmitt BD. Pediatric Telephone Protocols: Office Version. 17th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021.
• Child safety on airplanes. Federal Aviation Administration. https://www.faa.gov/travelers/fly_children/. Accessed Nov. 18, 2023.

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• Section 7 - Travel & Breastfeeding
• Section 7 - Vaccine Recommendations for Infants & Children

Traveling Safely with Infants & Children

Cdc yellow book 2024.

Author(s): Michelle Weinberg, Nicholas Weinberg, Susan Maloney

Children increasingly are traveling and living outside their home countries. Although data about the incidence of pediatric illnesses associated with international travel are limited, the risks that children face when traveling are likely similar to those faced by their adult travel companions.

Compared with adults, however, children are less likely to receive pretravel advice. In a review of children with posttravel illnesses seen at clinics in the GeoSentinel Global Surveillance Network, 51% of all children and 32% of children visiting friends and relatives (VFRs) had received pretravel medical advice, compared with 59% of adults. The most commonly reported health problems among child travelers are dermatologic conditions, including animal and arthropod bites, cutaneous larva migrans, and sunburn; diarrheal illnesses; respiratory disorders; and systemic febrile illnesses, especially malaria.

Motor vehicle and water-related injuries, including drowning, are other major health and safety concerns for child travelers. See Box 7-03 for recommendations on assessing and preparing children for planned international travel.

Box 7-03 Assessing & preparing children for international travel: a checklist for health care providers

☐ Review travel-related and routine childhood vaccinations. The pretravel visit is an opportunity to ensure that children are up to date on their routine vaccinations.

☐ Assess all anticipated travel-related activities.

☐ Provide preventive counseling and interventions tailored to specific risks, including special travel preparations and any treatment required for infants and children with underlying health conditions, chronic diseases, or immunocompromising conditions.

☐ For children who require medications to manage chronic health conditions, caregivers should carry a supply sufficient for the trip duration.

☐ For adolescents traveling in a student group or program (see also Sec. 9, Ch. 8, Study Abroad & Other International Student Travel ), consider providing counseling on the following:

• Disease prevention
• Drug and alcohol use
• Empiric treatment and management of common travel-related illnesses
• Risks of sexually transmitted infections and sexual assault

☐ Give special consideration to travelers visiting friends and relatives in low- and middle-income countries and assess risks for malaria, intestinal parasites, and tuberculosis.

☐ Consider advising adults traveling with children and older children to take a course in basic first aid before travel.

☐ For coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) safety measures for children—including mask use, testing, and vaccination—see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 3, COVID-19 .

Travel-Associated Infections & Diseases

Arboviral infections.

Pediatric VFR travelers with frequent or prolonged travel to areas where arboviruses (e.g., chikungunya, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and Zika viruses) are endemic or epidemic could be at increased risk for infection. Children traveling to areas with arboviruses should use the same mosquito protection measures described elsewhere in this chapter (also see Sec. 4, Ch. 6, Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods ). Unlike mosquitoes that transmit malaria, the Aedes mosquitoes that transmit chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika are aggressive daytime biters; they also bite at night, especially in areas with artificial light. Consider dengue or other arboviral infections in children with fever if they recently returned from travel in endemic areas. Vaccination against dengue, tick-borne encephalitis, and yellow fever could be indicated for some children (see Sec. 7, Ch. 4, Vaccine Recommendations for Infants & Children , for details).

Diarrhea & Vomiting

Diarrhea and associated gastrointestinal illnesses are among the most common travel-related problems affecting children. Infants and children with diarrhea can become dehydrated more quickly than adults. The etiology of travelers’ diarrhea (TD) in children is similar to that in adults (see Sec. 2, Ch. 6, Travelers’ Diarrhea ).

Adults traveling with children should ensure the children follow safe food and water precautions and frequently wash their hands to prevent foodborne and waterborne illness. For infants, breastfeeding is the best way to reduce the risk for foodborne and waterborne illness (see Sec. 7, Ch. 2, Travel & Breastfeeding ). Infant formulas available abroad might not have the same nutritional composition or be held to the same manufacturing safety standards as in the traveler’s home country; parents feeding their child formula should consider whether they need to bring formula from home. If the infant is fed with formula, travelers should consider using liquid formula, which is sterile. Use of powdered infant formula has been associated with Cronobacter infection; infants <3 months old, infants born prematurely, and infants with weakened immune systems are at greatest risk. Parents should take extra precautions for preparing powdered infant formula .

Travelers should disinfect water served to young children, including water used to prepare infant formula (see Sec. 2, Ch. 8, Food & Water Precautions , and Sec. 2, Ch. 9, Water Disinfection , for details on safety practices). In some parts of the world, bottled water could be contaminated and should be disinfected to kill bacteria, viruses, and protozoa before consumption.

Similarly, travelers with children should diligently follow food precautions and ensure foods served to children are cooked thoroughly and eaten while still hot; caregivers should peel fruits typically eaten raw immediately before consumption. Additionally, adults should use caution with fresh dairy products, which might not be pasteurized or might be diluted with untreated water. For short trips, parents might want to bring a supply of safe snacks from home for times when children are hungry and available food might not be appealing or safe (see Sec. 2, Ch. 8, Food & Water Precautions , for more information).

Adult travelers with children should pay scrupulous attention that potable water is used for handwashing and cleaning bottles, pacifiers, teething rings, and toys that fall to the floor or are handled by others. After diaper changes, especially for infants with diarrhea, parents should be particularly careful to wash hands well to avoid spreading infection to themselves and other family members. When proper handwashing facilities are not available, hand sanitizer containing ≥60% alcohol can be used as a disinfecting agent. Because alcohol-based hand sanitizers are not effective against certain pathogens, however, adults and children should wash hands with soap and water as soon as possible. In addition, alcohol does not remove organic material, and people should wash visibly soiled hands with soap and water.

Chemoprophylaxis with antibiotics is not generally used in children; typhoid vaccine might be indicated, however (see Sec. 5, Part 1, Ch. 24, Typhoid & Paratyphoid Fever ).

Antibiotics

Azithromycin.

Few data are available regarding empiric treatment of TD in children. Antimicrobial options for empiric treatment of TD in children are limited. In practice, when an antibiotic is indicated for moderate to severe diarrhea, some clinicians prescribe azithromycin as a single daily dose (10 mg/kg) for 3 days. Clinicians can prescribe unreconstituted azithromycin powder before travel, with instructions from the pharmacist for mixing it into an oral suspension prior to administration. Although resistance breakpoints have not yet been determined, elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations for azithromycin have been reported for some gastrointestinal pathogens. Therefore, counsel parents to seek medical attention for their children if they do not improve after empiric treatment. Before prescribing azithromycin for empiric TD treatment, review possible contraindications and the risks for adverse reactions (e.g., QT prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias).

Fluoroquinolones

Although fluoroquinolones frequently are used for empiric TD treatment in adults, these medications are not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for this purpose in children aged <18 years because of cartilage damage seen in animal studies. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggests that fluoroquinolones be considered for treatment of children with severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains of Campylobacter jejuni , Salmonella species, Shigella species, or Vibrio cholerae .

Fluoroquinolone resistance in gastrointestinal organisms has been reported from some countries, particularly in Asia. In addition, use of fluoroquinolones has been associated with tendinopathies, development of Clostridioides difficile infection, and central nervous system side effects including confusion and hallucinations. Routine use of fluoroquinolones for prophylaxis or empiric treatment for TD among children is not recommended.

Rifaximin is approved for use in children aged ≥12 years but has limited use for empiric treatment since it is only approved to treat noninvasive strains of Escherichia coli . Children with bloody diarrhea should receive medical attention, because antibiotic treatment of enterohemorrhagic E. coli , a cause of bloody diarrhea, has been associated with increased risk for hemolytic uremic syndrome (see Sec. 5, Part 1, Ch. 7, Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli ).

Antiemetics & Antimotility Drugs

Antiemetics generally are not recommended for self- or family-administered treatment of children with vomiting and TD. Because of the association between salicylates and Reye syndrome, bismuth subsalicylate (BSS), the active ingredient in both Pepto-Bismol and Kaopectate, is not generally recommended to treat diarrhea in children <12 years old. In certain circumstances, however, some clinicians use it off-label, with caution. Care should be taken if administering BSS to children with viral infections (e.g., influenza, varicella), because of the risk for Reye syndrome. BSS is not recommended for children aged <3 years.

Use of antiemetics for children with acute gastroenteritis is controversial; some clinical practice guidelines include the use of antiemetics, others do not. A Cochrane Collaboration Review of the use of antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents showed some benefits with dimenhydrinate, metoclopramide, or ondansetron. Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America suggest that an antinausea and antiemetic medication (e.g., ondansetron) can facilitate tolerance of oral rehydration in children >4 years of age, and in adolescents with acute gastroenteritis.

A recent systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing several antiemetics in acute gastroenteritis in children showed that ondansetron was the best intervention to reduce vomiting and prevent hospitalization and the need for intravenous rehydration. Routine use of these medications as part of self-treatment for emesis associated with TD in children has not yet been studied, however, and is not generally recommended.

Antimotility drugs (e.g., the opioid receptor agonists loperamide and diphenoxylate), generally should not be given to children <18 years of age with acute diarrhea. Loperamide is particularly contraindicated for children aged <2 years because of the risks for respiratory depression and serious cardiac events. Diphenoxylate and atropine combination tablets should not be used for children aged <2 years, and should be used judiciously in older children because of potential side effects (see Sec. 2, Ch. 6, Travelers’ Diarrhea ).

Fluid & Nutrition Management

The biggest threat to an infant with diarrhea and vomiting is dehydration. Fever or increased ambient temperature increases fluid loss and accelerates dehydration. Advise adults traveling with children about the signs and symptoms of dehydration and the proper use of oral rehydration solution (ORS). Advise adults traveling with children to seek medical attention for an infant or young child with diarrhea who has signs of moderate to severe dehydration, bloody diarrhea, body temperature >101.3°F (38.5°C), or persistent vomiting (unable to maintain oral hydration). Adequate hydration is the mainstay of TD management.

Oral Rehydration Solution: Use & Availability

Counsel parents that dehydration is best prevented and treated by ORS in addition to the infant’s usual food. While seeking medical attention, caregivers should provide ORS to infants by bottle, cup, oral syringe (often available in pharmacies), or spoon. Low-osmolarity ORS is the most effective agent in preventing dehydration, although other formulations are available and can be used if they are more palatable to young children. Homemade sugar-salt solutions are not recommended.

Sports drinks are designed to replace water and electrolytes lost through sweat, and do not contain the same proportions of electrolytes as the solution recommended by the World Health Organization for rehydration during diarrheal illness. Drinks with a high sugar content (e.g., juice, soft drinks) can worsen diarrhea. If ORS is not readily available, however, offer children whatever safe liquid they will take until ORS is obtained. Breastfed infants should continue to breastfeed (for more details, see Sec. 7, Ch. 2, Travel & Breastfeeding ).

ORS can be made from prepackaged glucose and electrolytes packets available at stores or pharmacies in almost all countries. Some pharmacies and stores that specialize in outdoor recreation and camping supplies also sell ORS packets.

ORS is prepared by adding 1 packet to boiled or treated water (see Sec. 2, Ch. 9, Water Disinfection ). Advise travelers to check packet instructions carefully to ensure that the contents are added to the correct volume of water. Once prepared, ORS should be consumed or discarded within 12 hours if held at room temperature, or within 24 hours if kept refrigerated. A dehydrated child will usually drink ORS avidly and should continue to receive ORS if dehydration persists.

As dehydration lessens, the child might refuse the salty-tasting ORS, and adults can offer other safe liquids. An infant or child who has been vomiting will usually keep ORS down if it is offered by spoon or oral syringe in small sips; adults should offer these small sips frequently, however, so the child can receive an adequate volume of ORS. Older children will often drink well by sipping through a straw. Severely dehydrated children often will be unable to drink adequately. Severe dehydration is a medical emergency that usually requires administration of fluids by intravenous or intraosseous routes.

In general, children weighing <22 lb (10 kg) who have mild to moderate dehydration should be administered 2–4 oz (60–120 mL) of ORS for each diarrheal stool or vomiting episode. Children who weigh ≥22 lb (10 kg) should receive 4–8 oz (120–240 mL) of ORS for each diarrheal stool or vomiting episode. AAP provides detailed guidance on rehydration for vomiting and diarrhea.

Diet Modification

Breastfed infants should continue nursing on demand. Formula-fed infants should continue their usual formula during rehydration and should receive a volume sufficient to satisfy energy and nutrient requirements. Lactose-free or lactose-reduced formulas usually are unnecessary. Diluting formula can slow resolution of diarrhea and is not recommended.

Older infants and children receiving semisolid or solid foods should continue to receive their usual diet during the illness. Recommended foods include cereals, fruits and vegetables, starches, and pasteurized yogurt. Travelers should avoid giving children food high in simple sugars (e.g., undiluted apple juice, presweetened cereals, gelatins, soft drinks) because these can exacerbate diarrhea by osmotic effects. In addition, foods high in fat tend to delay gastric emptying, and thus might not be well tolerated by ill children.

Travelers should not withhold food for ≥24 hours. Early feeding can decrease changes in intestinal permeability caused by infection, reduce illness duration, and improve nutritional outcome. Although highly specific diets (e.g., the BRAT [bananas, rice, applesauce, toast] diet) or juice-based and clear fluid diets commonly are recommended, such severely restrictive diets have no scientific basis and should be avoided.

Malaria is among the most serious and life-threatening infections acquired by pediatric international travelers. Pediatric VFR travelers are at particularly high risk for malaria infection if they do not receive prophylaxis. Among people reported with malaria in the United States in 2017, 17% were children <18 years old; 89% had traveled to Africa. Seventy percent of the children who were US residents also were VFR travelers, and 61% did not take malaria chemoprophylaxis.

Children with malaria can rapidly develop high levels of parasitemia and are at increased risk for severe complications of malaria, including seizures, coma, and death. Initial symptoms can mimic many other common causes of pediatric febrile illness, which could delay diagnosis and treatment. Among 33 children with imported malaria diagnosed at 11 medical centers in New York City, 11 (32%) had severe malaria and 14 (43%) were initially misdiagnosed. Counsel adults traveling with children to malaria-endemic areas to use preventive measures, be aware of the signs and symptoms of malaria, and seek prompt medical attention if symptoms develop.

Antimalarial Drugs

Pediatric doses for malaria prophylaxis are provided in Table 5-27 . Calculate dosing based on body weight. Medications used for infants and young children are the same as those recommended for adults, except atovaquone-proguanil, which should not be used for prophylaxis in children weighing <5 kg because of lack of data on safety and efficacy. Doxycycline should not be recommended for malaria prophylaxis for children aged <8 years. Although doxycycline has not been associated with dental staining when given as a routine treatment for some infections, other tetracyclines might cause teeth staining.

Atovaquone-proguanil, chloroquine, and mefloquine have a bitter taste. Mixing pulverized tablets in a small amount of food or drink can facilitate the administration of antimalarial drugs to infants and children. Clinicians also can ask compounding pharmacists to pulverize tablets and prepare gelatin capsules with calculated pediatric doses. A compounding pharmacy can alter the flavoring of malaria medication tablets so that children are more willing to take them. The Find a Compounder section on the Alliance for Pharmacy Compounding website (281-933-8400) can help with finding a compounding pharmacy. Because overdose of antimalarial drugs, particularly chloroquine, can be fatal, store medication in childproof containers and keep out of the reach of infants and children.

Personal Protective Measures & Repellent Use

Children should sleep in rooms with air conditioning or screened windows, or sleep under mosquito nets when air conditioning or screens are not available. Mosquito netting should be used over infant carriers. Children can reduce skin exposed to mosquitoes by wearing long pants and long sleeves while outdoors. Clothing and mosquito nets can be treated with an insect repellent/insecticide (e.g., permethrin) that repels and kills ticks, mosquitoes, and other arthropods. Permethrin remains effective through multiple washings. Clothing and mosquito nets should be retreated according to the product label. Permethrin should not be applied to the skin.

Although permethrin provides a longer duration of protection, recommended repellents that can be applied to skin also can be used on clothing and mosquito nets (see Sec. 4, Ch. 6, Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods , for more details about these protective measures). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends using US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)–registered repellents containing one of the following active ingredients: DEET ( N,N -diethyl- m -toluamide); picaridin; oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE); PMD (para-menthane-3,8-diol); IR3535; or 2-undecanone (methyl nonyl ketone). Repellent products must state any age restriction; if no age restriction is provided, EPA has not required a restriction on the use of the product. Most EPA-registered repellents can be used on children aged >2 months, except products containing OLE or PMD that specify they should not be used on children aged <3 years. Insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, IR3535, or 2-undecanone can be used on children without age restriction.

Many repellents contain DEET as the active ingredient. DEET concentration varies considerably between products. The duration of protection varies with DEET concentration; higher concentrations protect longer; products with DEET concentration >50% do not, however, offer a marked increase in protection time.

The EPA has approved DEET for use on children without an age restriction. If used appropriately, DEET does not represent a health problem. The AAP states that the use of products with the lowest effective DEET concentrations (i.e., 20%–30%) seems most prudent for infants and young children, on whom it should be applied sparingly. For more tips on protecting babies and children from mosquito bites , see  Box 7-04 .

Combination products containing repellents and sunscreen are generally not recommended because instructions for use are different, and sunscreen might need to be reapplied more often and in larger amounts than repellent. In general, apply sunscreen first, and then apply repellent. Mosquito coils should be used with caution in the presence of children to avoid burns and inadvertent ingestion. For detailed information about repellent use and other protective measures, see Sec. 4, Ch. 6, Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods .

Box 7-04 Protecting infants & children from mosquito bites: recommendations for travelers

Dress children in clothing that covers arms and legs.

Cover strollers and baby carriers with mosquito netting.

Properly use insect repellent

• Always follow all label instructions.
• In general, do not use products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or para-menthane-diol (PMD) on children <3 years old.
• Do not apply insect repellent to a child’s hands, eyes, mouth, cuts, or irritated skin.
• Adults should spray insect repellent onto their hands and then apply to a child’s face.

Depending on travel destination and activities, animal exposures and bites might be a health risk for pediatric travelers. Worldwide, rabies is more common in children than adults. In addition to the potential for increased contact with animals, children also are more likely to be bitten on the head or neck, leading to more severe injuries. Counsel children and their families to avoid all stray or unfamiliar animals and to inform adults of any animal contact or bites. Bats throughout the world have the potential to transmit rabies virus.

Travelers should clean all bite and scratch wounds as soon as possible after the event occurs by using soap and water, or povidine iodine if available, for ≥20 minutes to prevent infections, (e.g., rabies). Wounds contaminated with necrotic tissue, dirt, or other foreign materials should be cleaned and debrided promptly by health care professionals, where possible. A course of antibiotics might be appropriate after animal bites or scratches, because these can lead to local or systemic infections. For mammal bites and scratches, children should be evaluated promptly to assess their need for rabies postexposure prophylaxis (see Sec. 4, Ch. 7, Zoonotic Exposures: Bites, Stings, Scratches & Other Hazards ; and Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 18, Rabies ).

Because rabies vaccine and rabies immune globulin might not be available in certain destinations, encourage families traveling to areas with high risk for rabies exposure to seriously consider preexposure rabies vaccination and to purchase medical evacuation insurance, depending on their destination and planned travel activities (see Sec. 7, Ch. 4, Vaccine Recommendations for Infants & Children , and Sec. 6, Ch. 1, Travel Insurance, Travel Health Insurance & Medical Evacuation Insurance ).

Soil & Water Contact: Infections & Infestations

Children are more likely than adults to have contact with soil or sand, and therefore could be exposed to diseases caused by infectious stages of parasites in soil, including ascariasis, hookworm, cutaneous or visceral larva migrans, strongyloidiasis, and trichuriasis. Children and infants should wear protective footwear and play on a sheet or towel rather than directly on the ground. Clothing should not be dried on the ground. In countries with a tropical climate, clothing or diapers dried in the open air should be ironed before use to prevent infestation with fly larvae.

Schistosomiasis is a risk to children and adults in endemic areas. While in schistosomiasis- endemic areas (see Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 20, Schistosomiasis ), children should not bathe, swim, or wade in fresh, unchlorinated water (e.g., lakes, ponds).

Noninfectious Hazards & Risks

Although air travel is safe for most newborns, infants, and children, people traveling with children should consider a few issues before departure. Children with chronic heart or lung problems might be at risk for hypoxia during flight, and caregivers should consult a clinician before travel.

Ear pain can be troublesome for infants and children during descent. Pressure in the middle ear can be equalized by swallowing or chewing; thus, infants should nurse or suck on a bottle, and older children can try chewing gum. Antihistamines and decongestants have not been shown to be of benefit. No evidence suggests that air travel exacerbates the symptoms or complications associated with otitis media.

Travel to different time zones, jet lag, and schedule disruptions can disturb sleep patterns in infants and children, just as in adults (Sec. 8, Ch. 4, Jet Lag ).

Safety Restraints

Travelers also should ensure that children can be restrained safely during a flight. Severe turbulence or a crash can create enough momentum that an adult cannot hold onto a child. The safest place for a child on an airplane is in a government-approved child safety restraint system (CRS) or device. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) strongly urges travelers to secure children in a CRS for the duration of the flight. Car seats cannot be used in all seats or on all planes, and some airlines might have limited safety equipment available. Travelers should check with the airline about specific restrictions and approved child restraint options. FAA provides additional information .

Altitude Illness & Acute Mountain Sickness

Children are as susceptible to the deleterious effects of high elevation travel as adults (see Sec. 4, Ch. 5, High Elevation Travel & Altitude Illness ). Slow ascent is the preferable approach for avoiding acute mountain sickness (AMS). Young children unable to talk can show nonspecific symptoms (e.g., loss of appetite or irritability, unexplained fussiness, changes in sleep and activity patterns). Older children might complain of headache or shortness of breath. If children demonstrate unexplained symptoms after an ascent, descent could be necessary.

Acetazolamide is not approved for pediatric use in children aged <12 years for altitude illness but is generally safe for use in children for other indications. Some providers prescribe acetazolamide to prevent AMS in pediatric travelers <12 years of age when a slow ascent is not feasible. The dose is 2.5 mg/kg every 12 hours, up to a maximum of 125 mg per dose, twice a day. No liquid formulation is available, but tablets can be crushed or packaged by a compounding pharmacy for a correct dose.

Drinking Water Contaminants

Drinking water disinfection does not remove environmental contaminants (e.g., lead or other metals). Travelers might want to carry specific filters designed to remove environmental contaminants, particularly for travel where the risk for exposure is greater due to larger amounts of water consumed (e.g., long-term travel or when living abroad). Filters should meet National Science Foundation (NSF) and American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards 53 or 58 .

Accommodations: Hotels & Other Lodgings

Conditions at hotels and other lodgings abroad might not be as safe as those in the United States; adults traveling with children should carefully inspect accommodations for paint chips, pest poisons, inadequate balcony or stairway railings, or exposed wiring.

Adult caregivers should plan to provide a safe sleeping environment for infants during international travel. Caregivers should follow general recommendations from the AAP task force on preventing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and other sleep-related causes of infant death. Cribs in some locations might not meet US safety standards. Additional information about crib safety is available from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission .

Motor Vehicles

Vehicle-related injuries are the leading cause of death in children who travel. Whenever traveling in an automobile or other vehicle, children should be properly restrained in a car seat, booster seat, or with a seat belt, as appropriate for their age, height, and weight. See information about child passenger safety . Car seats often must be brought from home because well-maintained and approved seats might not be available (or limited in availability) in other countries.

In general, children ≤12 years of age are safest when properly buckled in the rear seat of the car while traveling; no one should ever travel in the bed of a pickup truck. Advise families that cars might lack front or rear seatbelts in many low- and middle-income countries. Traveling families should attempt to arrange transportation or rent vehicles with seatbelts and other safety features.

All family members should wear helmets when riding bicycles, motorcycles, or scooters. Pedestrians should take caution when crossing streets, particularly in countries where cars drive on the left, because children might not be used to looking in that direction before crossing.

Water-Related Injuries & Drowning

Drowning is the second leading cause of death in young travelers. Children might not be familiar with hazards in the ocean or in rivers. Swimming pools might not have protective fencing to keep toddlers and young children from accessing pool areas unattended. Adults should closely supervise children around water. An adult with swimming skills should be within an arm’s length when infants and toddlers are in or around pools and other bodies of water; even for older children and better swimmers, the supervising adult should focus on the child and not be engaged with any distracting activities.

Water safety devices (e.g., personal flotation devices [lifejackets]) might not be available abroad, and families should consider bringing these from home. In addition, adults should ensure children wear protective footwear to avoid injury in many marine environments.

Sun Exposure

Sun exposure, and particularly sunburn before age 15 years, is strongly associated with melanoma and other forms of skin cancer (see Sec. 4, Ch. 1, Sun Exposure ). Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light is greatest near the equator, at high elevations, during midday (10 a.m.–4 p.m.), and where light is reflected off water or snow.

Physical, also known as inorganic, UV filters (sunscreens) generally are recommended for children aged >6 months. Less irritating to children’s sensitive skin than chemical sunscreens, physical UV filters (e.g., titanium oxide, zinc oxide) should be applied as directed and reapplied as needed after sweating and water exposure. Babies aged <6 months require extra protection from the sun because of their thinner and more sensitive skin; severe sunburn in young infants is considered a medical emergency.

Advise parents that babies should be kept in the shade and dressed in clothing that covers the entire body. A minimal amount of sunscreen can be applied to small, exposed areas, including the infant’s face and hands. For older children, sun-blocking shirts made for swimming preclude having to apply sunscreen over the entire trunk. Hats and sunglasses also reduce sun injury to skin and eyes.

If both sunscreen and a DEET-containing insect repellent are used, apply the sunscreen first and the insect repellent second (i.e., over the sunscreen). Because insect repellent can diminish the level of UV protection provided by the sunscreen by as much as one-third, children should also wear sun-protective clothing, reapply sunscreen, or decrease their time in the sun, accordingly.

Other Considerations

Identification.

In case family members become separated, each infant or child should carry identifying information and contact numbers in their clothing or pockets. Because of concerns about illegal transport of children across international borders, parents traveling alone with children should carry relevant custody papers or a notarized permission letter from the other parent.

As with adult travelers, verify insurance coverage for illnesses and injuries while abroad before departure. Travelers should consider purchasing special medical evacuation insurance for an airlift or air ambulance transport to facilities capable of providing adequate medical care (see Sec. 6, Ch. 1, Travel Insurance, Travel Health Insurance & Medical Evacuation Insurance ).

Travel Stress

Changes in schedule, activities, and environment can be stressful for children. Travelers can help decrease these stresses by including children in planning for the trip and bringing along familiar toys or other objects. For children with chronic illnesses, make decisions regarding timing and itinerary in consultation with the child’s health care providers.

The following authors contributed to the previous version of this chapter: Michelle S. Weinberg, Nicholas Weinberg, Susan A. Maloney

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Fedorowicz Z, Jagannath VA, Carter B. Antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;2011(9):CD005506.

Goldman-Yassen AE, Mony VK, Arguin PM, Daily JP. Higher rates of misdiagnosis in pediatric patients versus adults hospitalized with imported malaria. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2016;32(4):227–31.

Hagmann S, LaRocque R, Rao S, Jentes E, Sotir M, Brunette G, et al.; Global TravEpiNet Consortium. Pre-travel health preparation of pediatric international travelers: analysis from the Global TravEpiNet Consortium. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2013;2(4):327–34.

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How To Pack Baby Formula On A Road Trip: 11 Hacks

• Date: July 18, 2022
• Time to read: 10 min.

Traveling with a baby can require a lot of packing, and with formula there are a few ways to make packing easier and less stressful. 

These 11 tips from seasoned road trip mamas can make the trip a lot easier, cleaner and less stressful.

1. Pack All You’ll Need

Pack enough formula for the whole trip. I know many mamas who have had trouble finding their formula when traveling. 

Try not to switch formulas while away from home it may cause an unexpected allergy or discomfort for your sweet baby. 

If you are traveling for a long time you can call ahead to stores in the area to see if they stock the formula you use or mail some to your destination. 

2. Pre Measure For Travel Days

Use a formula measuring container to pre measure formula for travel days. This can make stops faster and easier. 

Keep everything you need to feed the baby in one bag that is easy to reach . You need to stop about every two hours when you are traveling with a baby, so be ready to get out quickly. 

I like to make this bag brightly colored so I can easily describe it when I ask someone else to grab it. 

You can use a tote if it fits your packing area better, but keep a grab and go bag handy too. 

3. Pack Dish Soap

The most difficult part about traveling with bottles and formula is the washing. Be sure to pack a small bottle of dish soap so you are ready to wash the bottles. 

Any sink will work, but you want a good dish soap to really get the bottles clean. 

Dollar Tree often has very small bottles that are handy for travel. 

4. Choose Drop In Bottle Liners

If you want to avoid as much washing as possible, you may choose to use bottle liners. 

Playtex makes liners that drop into the bottle and hold the formula. This means you will only have to wash nipples! 

These work best when used with liquid formula, so bring another mixing bottle or choose the pre-mixed liquid formulas if they are available in your preferred brand. 

5. Use Kiinde For Picky Babies

If your baby uses only one kind of nipple , you can use a Kiinde feeding system with their preferred nipple. 

Kiinde comes with a variety of adapters that allow you to add any nipple to their pouch. You have to buy the starter set or gift set (linked above) to get the adapters.  

These work best with liquid formula, so grab premixed or mix the formula in another container before filling the pouches. 

So load up the pouch with the formula and add the nipples that your baby is used to and just throw away the pouch when you are done. 

I used these bottles for trips, but my babies hated the nipple. The adapters fix this problem. 

I do see the sets used on marketplace so you could grab the adapters from a set and just buy the Kiinde bottles and pouches !

6. Get A Water Heater Not A Bottle Warmer

Use this water warmer to warm the water , not the whole bottle on the road. I like this because you can use the warm water for so much more than making warm bottles. 

Use it to prepare instant coffee, make cup noodles or tea! 

This water warmer is designed for making bottles and it has a rechargeable battery so it does not need to be plugged in when in use. Charge it at night and you can use it all day to make warm bottles. 

It even suggests you could use it on your night side table to do night feeds, genius. 

7. Pack a Drying Pad

Pack a bottle brush and drying pad with your dish soap so you can clean and dry bottles wherever you are. 

Clear off a shelf or counter to dry your bottles and you have a very good setup for washing bottles. 

If your baby is younger than 6 months consider using a microwavable sterilizer bag to keep the bottles extra clean. 

8. Use Pre-Mixed Formula

Pre-mixed liquid formula is very convenient for a road trip. It is shelf stable and does not require water to prepare. 

Some of the bottles can even be used by screwing a nipple to the top! 

If you are using drop in liners or Kiinde pouches, I recommend the pre-mixed formula. 

9. Send Ahead If Space Is Limited

If you need to pack lightly you can send yourself a package with your formula to your destination. 

Stock up at home, pack the formula into a box and send it to your destination. Call your accommodations ahead to let them know it will be arriving. 

Hikers do this on long hikes to replenish their supplies while on the trail. 

10. Wash Bottles Daily

Be sure to wash bottles each day to avoid bacteria or mold growth. 

Each night take all your dirty bottles and nipples and wash them in warm soapy water and let them air dry. 

The American Academy of Pediatrics has updated advice and bottle washing tips  in the linked post. 

I like to keep my dirty bottles in a ziploc in the cooler to keep them from getting sour and moldy until I can wash them. 

You can also use a microwave sterilizer bag if you want to be extra cautious or if you pediatrician recommends it for your baby. 

11. Pack Water (Or a Filter?)

If you are using powdered formula, don’t forget to pack water. 

You can use bottled water, but I find that we go through it so quickly on a trip, so I like to have a backup filter as well. 

We love the Travel Berkey for when we are at a hotel or staying away from home, but it would be cumbersome in the car. 

How to Pack Formula

So when you are packing the car, be sure you have enough formula for the trip within arm’s reach. 

I have found a basket under the seat to be very convenient for diapers, bibs, blankets and feeding supplies. 

Measure your day’s  formula and pack it with the water, bottles, warmer and bag for dirty bottles in a basket that you can reach easily.  

There are a few ways you may want to pack the actual formula. 

Pre measure

Premeasure enough formula for the day into a travel container. This is probably how you prep for any outing with your little one, so you probably already have everything you need for this. 

This will make it faster to get the bottles ready, if you use warm water, warm it in a travel warmer before mixing the formula. 

Use Premixed

If at all possible, use premixed so that you don’t have to worry about water. If you are traveling with a cooler, you can store any opened bottles in there between feeding. 

If the formula you use is not available as a liquid, do not try a new formula while you are away from home. It could result in allergy, gas or constipation. Not worth it. 

Buy smaller bottles so that you will not have to store the opened containers for very long. They are generally available in 4oz, 8oz and quart size bottles. 

If your baby prefers warmed bottles use a travel bottle warmer. 

The unopened bottles do not need to be refrigerated and can be stored at room temperature. 

If you cannot get mixed, be sure to do the math on how much water you will need. My family goes through so much water when we are traveling! We are not used to having to carry all our water with us and it shows. 

You can usually buy water if you run out, but try to keep a special stash of bottle water and replenish it for the trip home. 

How Much Formula To Pack

The best way to know how much formula you will need is to keep a record at home. Use an app or a simple notebook to track how much formula your baby is eating each day. 

This can give you a good idea of how much formula you will need to pack. 

You can also use this chart to give you a good estimate. 

Chart adapted from What To Expect 

Use this chart as a guide, but be sure to talk to your pediatrician about how much your baby is eating as they know YOUR baby and their specific needs. 

It is possible that your baby will eat less on the road trip. All my kids have eaten less, and slept more on long trips. 

If your baby starts eating less just be sure to monitor your baby for signs of dehydration and try to stick to a normal feeding routine as much as possible. 

How to Clean Bottles on the Road

The biggest challenge when traveling with bottles is getting them clean. 

I have a few ideas to get around this problem and a system for using what you have. 

Create Fewer Dishes

One way to deal with dishes is to eliminate as many as possible. There are a few ways you can do this while traveling. 

Be sure to use formula safety guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics and don’t mix it too far ahead and don’t water it down. 

The first time I traveled with bottles I had been given a Kiinde system . My baby did not like the nipple on the original system, but now there is a very affordable bottle kit that allows any nipple type to be used. 

A Kiinde system allows you to pour milk or formula into the pouch, screw the pouch or bag into the bottle and discard the pouch when the feeding is done. 

With this system you would only have nipples to wash. 

Drop In System

Playtex has the drop in bottle inserts that accomplish the same thing. These disposable drop in bottle liners allow you to put the formula into the bag and discard it when the feeding is done. 

Again, with this system you would only have nipples to clean.  

Pre-Mixed Formula

The easiest way to use formula on the go is to use pre pre-mixed formula. These are shelf stable, do not need to be refrigerated until open and do not require you to find water. 

Pre-mixed formula can be purchased in quarts or smaller 4 or 8 ounce bottles. 

Use pre-mixed formula with the Kiinde system or Playtex Drop ins and you will have a very simple formula solution. 

The smaller bottles may allow you to screw the nipple directly to the bottle. Very convenient when traveling. 

So you will just be washing nipples. 

Washing Bottles on a Long Trip

You will need to wash the feeding supplies at least once a day . You can wash them whenever you have a sink available, if you need to sterilize bottles get a microwave sterilization kit to use at a hotel. 

After feeding your baby put the dirty bottles and nipples in a bag or container to store for washing. I like to use a large ziploc and put the dirty stuff in the cooler to keep it from growing mold.  

Whenever you have a sink available, wash the bottles with warm soapy water and air dry them on a clean surface. 

If you would like to you can use microwave sanitizing bags as an extra step to ensure very clean bottles. 

It may be uncomfortable to wash bottles in small sinks, and you can avoid this by using a pouch or liner system, then you will only have to wash nipples and rings. 

Flying with Formula

We travel by car most of the time, but flying with a formula is very similar. 

The biggest difference between driving and flying with formula is your packing space. When you fly you will need to pack a bit smarter. 

Formula is considered a medical necessity and TSA should be no problem getting through security with your formula.  

In your baby bag you should carry enough bottles for the whole travel day. Pack a large ziploc to keep any dirty items until you arrive. Pack a small amount of soap as well so you can wash things if the need arrises. 

Solid dish soap bars can be easier to carry when you are flying. 

Pack a microwave sterilizer bag and book hotels that provide a microwave and minifridge. 

If your little one is used to warmed bottles, consider how you plan to warm bottles en route or give room temperature bottles a try. 

There are some great rechargeable bottle warmers that can easily be used while traveling. 

You could try to simplify by offering room temperature bottles and see how your baby reacts.

If you find you must warm bottles you may be able to ask for hot water and warm bottles on your flight by placing them in a cup of hot water. 

There are also portable water warmers (affiliate link) available that are a bit more versatile than bottle warmers. I find this a really helpful gadget as you can use it to heat water for instant coffee, mixing formula or making ramen in the car. 

Be sure to pack enough formula to feed your baby for the whole trip and have a plan for washing your bottles and nipples. Pack dish soap and a bottle brush or choose a disposable bottle liner kit. A microwave sterilization bag is a great way to keep everything very clean for young babies. 

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Baby formula

Liquid baby formula and food, juice, water and other baby items - these are allowed in your carry-on baggage or personal items in quantities greater than 100 ml .  You can take these through the security checkpoints and aboard your plane. However, you must be travelling with an infant under two years of age (0-24 months). You may bring gel or ice packs to keep your baby products cool. All items including formula must be presented to the Screening Officer and will be inspected.

CATSA recommends avoiding metal-lined containers when travelling with powdered formula in your carry-on.

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Home / Parenting, Kids & Teens / Air travel with an infant

Air travel with an infant

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Your first flight with your child will likely be a lot different from your previous flights. Instead of worrying about whether you have enough reading material, you may now be worried about entertaining your baby or toddler. While there’s no telling how your baby will react to his or her first time on an airplane, careful planning can go a long way toward calming you and your child’s nerves.

Identification

  For domestic travel, consider bringing a copy of your child’s birth certificate with you. If leaving the country, your child will need a passport. If you know you’ll be traveling outside of the country with your child in the future, consider applying as soon as possible. The application process can typically be expedited for a fee.

Seat safety

  Although airlines typically allow infants to ride on a caregiver’s lap during flight, the Federal Aviation Administration recommends that infants ride in properly secured safety seats. Most infant car seats are certified for air travel.

  In order for your little one to travel in a car seat on the plane, your child will need his or her own seat. Though airlines typically will let you use an empty seat if available, the only way to guarantee a seat for your child is to purchase a ticket. When booking your flights, check if there are any discounts for infant children.

Keep in mind that car seats must be secured in a window seat so other passengers will be able to exit the row. If you purchase a seat for your child, FAA strongly encourages that your child remains in the seat with the seatbelt firmly fastened during the duration of the flight. This can be a challenge if your child is crying and you want to hold him or her, especially during takeoff and landing. Airlines typically allow a child under 2 to be held on your lap, but the policy varies by airline.

If you don’t bring a car seat for your child on the plane, ask the flight attendant for instructions on how to hold your child during takeoff and landing. If you sit in an aisle seat with your child, be sure to protect your child’s head, hands and feet from getting bumped by service carts or other passengers.

Many traveling families seek out the bulkhead of the plane, which offers extra space. Others prefer the back of the plane, which is typically noisy enough to drown out crying and may even lull a baby to sleep. Do what makes the most sense to you.

Getting through the airport

If you plan to bring a car seat on the plane, a stroller that allows you to attach the car seat to it is a smart investment. You’ll be able to wheel your child in his or her car seat until you board the plane, at which point you can collapse the stroller base and check it at the gate. You will, however, have to take your child out of a car seat and carry him or her through security while the stroller is screened.

While the Transportation Security Administration limits the amount of fluids you can bring on a plane, exceptions are made for baby-related items, such as medications, formula, baby food and breast milk. Be sure to notify security officials about what you’re carrying and expect it to be inspected. Also, let security officials know if your child is using or has any special medical devices.

Many airlines offer families priority boarding. However, some families prefer to board last to minimize the amount of time spent on the plane.

Keeping baby happy

Dress your child in comfortable, easy-to-remove layers. This will help you keep him or her warm or cool enough and make diaper and clothing changes easy.  Bring extra clothing in a plastic, sealable bag for accidents that might occur or if your child becomes sick and vomits on the plane. Consider bringing an extra change of clothing accessible for yourself, too, in case you’re part of the accident.

Nursing or sucking on a pacifier or bottle might ease discomfort during takeoff and landing, since babies can’t intentionally “pop” their ears by swallowing or yawning to relieve ear pain caused by air pressure changes. Having extra pacifiers on hand will be helpful in case the pacifiers fall or get lost. A sippy cup of water can help a toddler with the same issue.

If your child is restless, consider taking an occasional break to walk up and down the aisle — as long as the crew approves moving throughout the cabin.

If your child is old enough to snack, have different types of snacks available and bring them out at different times during the flight. Also, consider bringing several little toys to keep your child occupied, introducing a new toy as your baby’s interest in the current toy wanes.

Although parents often joke about giving a child a sedating over-the-counter medication to induce sleep during the flight, this isn’t recommended. In some cases, the medication could end up producing the opposite effect and make your child agitated.

If your child does cry during the flight, do your best to figure out what’s wrong — just as you would at home — and try to stay calm. Chances are that many passengers on the plane have been in your situation before and likely sympathize.

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Air travel with children

This page provides information on flying with children, including what to pack in carry on baggage, going through security screening and using child restraint systems (car seats) on board the aircraft.

On this page

Travelling with children under 2 years old, child restraint systems.

• Children travelling alone

Carry-on baggage

Security screening.

For the safety of both adults and children, the Canadian Aviation Regulations require that no passenger can be responsible for more than 1 infant (child under the age of 2).

If you are travelling with children under the age of 2, a passenger must accompany each of your children, even if you buy seats for them.

Although children under 2 years old may be held in your arms during a flight, Transport Canada highly recommends that you use an approved child restraint system (car seat) for all legs of the flight. Car seats are designed to different standards than aircraft seats, so they may work differently and fit differently in planes. Any car seat intended for use on board an aircraft must have a statement of compliance label that shows it meets the applicable design standard and the date it was made.

The use of a car seat provides the best protection for the infant or child and minimizes the effects of unanticipated turbulence. Using a familiar car seat will make your child more comfortable, and you can also use it when you reach your destination. 

If you decide to use a car seat, always:

• check with your airline for its specific policies
• follow the manufacturer’s installation instructions
• tighten the aircraft seat belt through the correct path on the car seat
• secure straps out of the way since tether straps cannot be used on board the aircraft

The following devices are not approved for use as child restraint systems on an aircraft:

• Not approved for use as child restraint systems on an aircraft, as they are designed to be used with a car lap and shoulder belt
• Not approved for use as child restraint systems on an aircraft, as they may not be used when the aircraft is moving on the ground, during takeoff and landing or when the safety belt sign is on
• Not approved for use as child restraint systems on an aircraft, as they could injure the infant in case of an accident

Child car seat safety

Child restraint systems and other seating devices

Children who are travelling alone

If your child is travelling alone, contact the airline in advance to ask if someone from the airline will escort and supervise your child from check-in through arrival, and if there are any restrictions such as age limits.

Ensure that the person who brings your child to the airport stays at the airport until the flight has departed and that the person who is picking up your child at the point of arrival has appropriate identification and authorization.

A child who travels alone or without 1 of their parents or guardians should have a consent letter signed by the parents or guardians who are not accompanying the child.

You are permitted to pack the following items in your carry-on baggage:

• Breast milk in quantities greater than 100 ml, even if you are flying without your child
• Gel and ice packs to refrigerate breast milk or medically necessary items and medication that need to be refrigerated (as indicated on the label or a medical note)
• baby food, formula, medications, milk, water and juice
• gel or ice packs to keep your baby products cool

Check with the airline before you travel. Some items cannot be used during taxi, takeoff, landing or when directed by a crew member.

Carry-on baggage  (Canadian Air Transport Security Authority)

Planning is important when you fly with young children. A little strategic planning can make the flight a more pleasant experience for you, your children and other travellers.

Check if the family and special needs lane is available. Place infant carriers and other child-related items, including diaper bags, on the conveyor belt for security screening. Strollers need to be inspected separately.

Present all liquids to a screening officer for separate inspection.

Let your child walk through the metal detector. If your child is not able to do so alone, you can hold them in your arms as you walk through the metal detector.

Airport security screening – Families  (Canadian Air Transport Security Authority)

Related links

• Children and travel
• Travel documents for children
• Travelling with children  (Canadian Air Transport Security Authority)

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A bipartisan push to make air travel easier for new parents packing breast milk and formula

By: elisha brown - may 27, 2024 6:00 am.

New parents share stories of tense encounters with airport security over breast milk and formula. A bill from U.S. Rep. Katie Porter, a California Democrat, would strengthen guidelines for U.S. Transportation Security Administration officers. (Getty Images)

As the summer travel season approaches, new parents may be navigating airports with their babies — and the complexities of keeping them fed. Despite federal guidelines for airport agents laying out how to treat nursing moms, stories about problem encounters with security sometimes go viral.

In 2023, actress and singer Keke Palmer said she was at Houston airport when she faced threats to throw out her 16 ounces of breast milk. A year earlier, engineer and science TV host Emily Calandrelli said U.S. Transportation Security Administration officers escorted her out of line and made her check her partially thawed ice packs, which are used to keep breast milk cool.

“It was a very traumatizing experience, and it also didn’t align with what the TSA policies were, which state that you’re allowed to have them for medically necessary purposes,” Calandrelli told States Newsroom.

In May 2022, she went on her first work trip away from her 10-week-old baby and was traveling from Los Angeles to Washington, D.C. Calandrelli planned on pumping after going through security at LAX, but TSA officers drilled her with questions about what the ice packs were for and said it wouldn’t have been an issue if her breast milk was already pumped.

“I spoke to three different males who worked at TSA, and I requested to speak to a woman but wasn’t able to,” she said.

Like Palmer, she shared the experience with her legions of social media followers. Calandrelli said the agency later apologized. TSA issued a statement shortly after the incident: “Our employees go through regular training to effectively engage and screen diverse traveler populations, including those who are breastfeeding and/or traveling with breast milk.”

Both women’s experiences violate TSA guidelines : formula, breast milk, toddler drinks and baby food are allowed on planes and carry-ons in quantities greater than 3.4 ounces. Breast milk, formula and ice packs — along with other cooling accessories — are considered medically necessary. Passengers are advised to let TSA officers know they’re carrying these items when arriving at airport security.

Even though these protections exist, many lactating parents still encounter problems during air travel, and these issues carry physical and emotional side effects, according to Tina Sherman, a doula and interim executive director at the U.S. Breastfeeding Committee.

“Lactating parents have to pump on a fairly regular basis to be able to continue to keep up their supply,” Sherman said.

When they can’t express milk or that cycle is interrupted, mothers experience pain or breast leaks, she said. In some cases, long delays in pumping can lead to mastitis — an infection that causes swelling in the breasts and cracked nipples. Emotionally, being prevented or delayed from expressing milk can make parents feel anxious, embarrassed and stressed, Sherman said.

Calandrelli’s plight two years ago led her to reach out to her local California congresswoman. U.S. Democratic Rep. Katie Porter first introduced legislation to strengthen existing protections for breastfeeding parents in August 2022.

“You have to have clear instructions and clear rules, and have people follow them in order for moms to be able to meet the standards,” Porter said. “There’s a lot of obstacles to breastfeeding. There’s a lot of challenges to feeding a baby and traveling with a baby.”

The Bottles and Breastfeeding Equipment Screening ( BABES ) Enhancement Act would require “hygienic handling of breast milk and baby formula” by TSA officers and private security companies. Porter’s bill would direct airport officials to “minimize the risk for contamination” of breast milk, formula and infant drinks, along with ice or freezer packs and related cooling accessories.

Under the proposal, the agency must consult with maternal health organizations — March of Dimes, Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine — to determine what policies and regulations need to be updated as pumping technology and best practices for breast milk storage evolve, she said.

BABES Act is an update to a 2016 law that required TSA training on special screening procedures for nursing parents. The original law also made it legal to carry larger amounts of breast milk, formula and infant drink — juice or purified water — in airports and on planes.

Reps. Maria Elvira Salazar, a Florida Republican, and Eric Swalwell, a California Democrat, are the lead co-sponsors in the House. Democratic Sens. Tammy Duckworth of Illinois and Mazie Hirono of Hawaii, along with GOP Sens. Steve Daines of Montana and Ted Cruz of Texas sponsored the bill in the upper chamber.

The bipartisan bill didn’t go anywhere last session , but Porter reintroduced the proposal. She said the bill is set to be heard in the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee soon.

As a mother of three, Porter is acutely familiar with the problems that come with traveling with infants. Her children are adolescents and teens now, but when they were babies, lactation stations in airports were uncommon. She said a flight attendant once told her to stop nursing her baby while the plane was still on the ground. Porter said she was angry and scared, but mostly “worried about my baby, who was hungry.”

As for her bill, she recognizes that TSA agents have a hard job. But the BABES Act will help them “have clear rules and better training so that they’re not put in challenging situations when they’re dealing with frustrated parents,” she said.

Making travel for lactating parents easier could chip away at larger stigma about breastfeeding, advocates said. More than 80% of babies are breastfed in infancy , and 58% are still getting some breast milk by the time they’re 6-months-old, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Still, earlier this month, an ad for lactation cookies featuring a cooking star’s covered breasts and pregnant belly was temporarily removed from a Times Square billboard, according to The New York Times .

“Normalizing breastfeeding and lactation is really critical to families being able to meet their breastfeeding goals,” Sherman said.

Our stories may be republished online or in print under Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. We ask that you edit only for style or to shorten, provide proper attribution and link to our website. AP and Getty images may not be republished. Please see our republishing guidelines for use of any other photos and graphics.

Elisha Brown

Elisha Brown is the Reproductive Rights Today newsletter author at States Newsroom. She is based in Durham, where she previously worked as a reporter covering reproductive rights, policy, and inequality for Facing South. Her work has appeared in The New York Times, The Daily Beast, The Atlantic, and Vox. She attended American University in Washington, D.C. and was raised in South Carolina.

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