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“The Journey” by Mary Oliver: A Complete Analysis

March 8, 2024 | by poemread.com

Mary Oliver’s “The Journey” is a beacon of inspiration for those standing at the crossroads of change. It’s a poem that speaks to the soul’s deepest yearning for freedom and self-discovery. In this analysis, we’ll delve into the essence of Oliver’s work, exploring the subject, context, theme, tone, and structure that make “The Journey” a masterpiece of modern poetry.

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The context of ‘the journey’, the theme of “the journey” by mary oliver, the tone of the poem, the form and structure of the poem, line-by-line analysis.

• Poetic and Literary Devices in "The Journey"

Interactive Summary of “The Journey”

Mary Oliver, born on September 10, 1935, in Maple Heights, Ohio, was a poet celebrated for her profound connection to the natural world and her ability to capture its essence with clarity and simplicity. Growing up in semi-rural Ohio, Oliver found solace in nature from a young age, which would become a central theme in her poetry.

Despite facing personal challenges, she turned to writing as a means of coping and self-expression, beginning her poetic journey at just 14 years old. Oliver’s literary career blossomed with the publication of her first collection, “No Voyage and Other Poems,” in 1963, paving the way for a series of acclaimed works that earned her numerous accolades, including the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1984 for “American Primitive.”

Throughout her career, Oliver’s poetry remained rooted in her love for nature, exploring themes of life, death, and the human experience with profound insight and accessibility. Though she passed away on January 17, 2019, her legacy lives on through her timeless poetry, which continues to inspire and resonate with readers worldwide, offering solace and guidance on life’s journey.

Mary Oliver’s “The Journey” is more than just a poem; it’s a reflection of a pivotal moment in the author’s life, as well as a universal call to self-reliance and integrity. First appearing in her 1963 collection “No Voyage and Other Poems,” this piece stands out as one of Oliver’s more personal works, weaving in threads of her own experiences with broader, relatable themes.

A Personal Undertone

The poem’s context is deeply rooted in Oliver’s own narrative. It speaks to the importance of taking charge of one’s life, a theme that resonates with the poet’s personal journey of overcoming negative influences and finding her own voice. The authenticity of the poem is heightened by its references to real events in Oliver’s life, making it a testament to the power of personal transformation.

A Universal Appeal

While “The Journey” is intimate in its origins, its message extends far beyond the personal. It taps into the collective experience of facing life’s challenges and the courage required to step away from the familiar and venture into the unknown. The poem encapsulates the struggle between the comfort of conformity and the daunting, yet rewarding, path of individuality.

The Metaphorical Path

Oliver uses the metaphor of a journey not just as a physical voyage but as an emotional and psychological expedition. The poem captures the tumultuous process of leaving behind an “unhealthy life” to embark on a new, more authentic existence. It’s about the critical juncture where one decides to listen to their inner voice, despite the cacophony of external pressures and expectations.

The Voice of Change

As the poem progresses, the transformation becomes evident. The initial chaos and struggle give way to a sense of purpose and clarity. The “new voice” that emerges is a symbol of self-discovery and empowerment, guiding the protagonist—and, by extension, the reader—towards a life that is truly their own.

Mary Oliver’s “The Journey” is a profound exploration of self-discovery and the courage to embrace change. The poem’s central theme revolves around the importance of self-reliance and integrity, urging readers to take charge of their own lives and leave behind negative influences.

Self-Reliance as a Beacon

The theme of self-reliance is the poem’s guiding light. It illuminates the path to personal freedom and authenticity. Oliver’s words encourage us to listen to our inner voice, even when it leads us away from the comfort of the known and into the wilderness of the self.

Integrity Amidst the Noise

Integrity is another cornerstone of the poem. It’s about staying true to oneself in a world that often demands conformity. The poem depicts the struggle of the individual against the cacophony of external pressures and the triumph of personal conviction over collective expectations.

The Journey of Change

Change is an inevitable part of life, and Oliver’s poem embraces this reality. It speaks to the transformative power of taking bold steps towards a new life, even when the path is fraught with obstacles and uncertainty.

Renewal and Strength

Renewal and strength emerge as sub-themes, particularly towards the poem’s conclusion. As the protagonist strides deeper into the world, there’s a sense of rejuvenation and the dawning of a new chapter. This represents the inner strength required to forge one’s own path and the optimism that accompanies such a journey.

The tone of Mary Oliver’s “The Journey” is a complex interplay of encouragement and solemnity, reflecting the poem’s deep exploration of personal growth and self-discovery. It begins with a sense of urgency and seriousness as the speaker recognizes the need for change. The “voices” of doubt and discouragement that the person must overcome emphasize this seriousness by adding a layer of tension and conflict to the poem’s opening lines.

As the poem progresses, the tone shifts to one of resilience and hope. Despite the challenges and “the wind pried with its stiff fingers at the very foundations,” there is a sense of determination and strength that begins to emerge. The speaker’s journey is fraught with obstacles, yet there is an underlying current of optimism that propels them forward.

The culmination of the poem has a tone of triumph and liberation. The “new voice” that the speaker hears and recognizes as their own signifies a breakthrough, a moment of clarity, and empowerment. The stars burning “through the sheets of clouds” serve as a metaphor for this newfound enlightenment and freedom.

Throughout “The Journey,” Oliver masterfully uses tone to convey the emotional landscape of the speaker’s journey. It has a tone that resonates with many readers, as it captures the universal experience of overcoming adversity to find one’s true self. The poem’s tone, therefore, is not just a reflection of the speaker’s internal state but also an invitation to the reader to embark on their own journey of self-discovery.

The form and structure of Mary Oliver’s “The Journey” are integral to its impact as a work of poetry. The poem is composed in free verse, which means it doesn’t adhere to traditional patterns of meter or rhyme. This choice reflects the poem’s theme of breaking free from the constraints of the past and embarking on a new path.

The poem’s form is fluid, with lines that vary in length and create a sense of natural speech. This mirrors the journey’s unpredictable nature, where there is no set pattern to follow, and each step is taken based on instinct and necessity rather than predetermined rules.

“The Journey” is structured as a single, unbroken stanza of thirty-six lines. This uninterrupted flow of text represents the continuous movement forward that the speaker experiences. The lack of stanza breaks also suggests that the journey is a singular, transformative experience that cannot be segmented or paused.

Line Breaks

Oliver uses line breaks strategically to emphasize key moments and to control the poem’s rhythm. These breaks can signify a pause for reflection, or a breath taken in the midst of a revelation. They guide the reader through the emotional landscape of the poem, creating a pace that mirrors the speaker’s internal journey.

Punctuation

The minimal use of punctuation in “The Journey” contributes to the poem’s sense of urgency and immediacy. By forgoing the typical constraints of punctuation, Oliver allows the reader to move more freely through the text, experiencing the poem’s momentum and the speaker’s determination to forge ahead.

While “The Journey” largely eschews a regular rhyme scheme, Oliver does incorporate moments of half or slant rhyme as well as occasional full rhymes. These instances provide a subtle rhythmic unity without confining the poem to a strict pattern. They serve as reminders of the poem’s literary craft, even as it celebrates the freedom of form and content.

As for the meter, “The Journey” does not follow a strict metrical structure. This is typical of free-verse poetry. They often prioritize the natural cadence of speech over a regular metrical pattern. The lack of a fixed meter allows the poem to mirror the ebb and flow of the speaker’s thoughts and emotions. This contributes to the narrative’s authenticity and immediacy.

In summary, the form and structure of “The Journey” are carefully crafted to reflect the poem’s central themes. The free verse form, the single stanza structure, the strategic line breaks, the minimal punctuation, and the occasional rhymes all work together to create a poem that is as much about the journey of reading as it is about the journey it describes.

Line 1-2: “One day you finally knew / what you had to do, and began,”

Here, Oliver sets the stage for the protagonist’s journey towards self-realization. The use of “you” makes the poem immediately relatable, inviting readers to step into the shoes of the protagonist as they embark on their own quest for clarity and purpose.

Line 3-5: “though the voices around you / kept shouting / their bad advice —”

These lines illustrate the external pressures and distractions that often hinder personal growth. The “voices” represent societal expectations and influences, urging the protagonist to conform to conventional norms rather than follow their true calling.

“Shouting” emphasizes the persistence and intrusiveness of these outside pressures. The advice is labeled “bad” because it conflicts with the speaker’s newfound understanding and the journey they must undertake.

Line 6-7: “though the whole house / began to tremble”

The “house” likely represents the speaker’s life or the environment they are familiar with. It’s a metaphor for the established order that is now being questioned. Furthermore, the trembling house serves as a metaphor for the upheaval caused by the protagonist’s decision to break free from societal constraints. It symbolizes the resistance and chaos that accompany moments of radical change.

Line 8-9: “and you felt the old tug / at your ankles.”

This line conveys the resistance to change, the pull of past habits, and the comfort of the known, which attempts to keep the speaker from moving forward. Additionally, the specificity of “ankles” implies a force that tries to hold the speaker down, preventing them from taking steps towards their journey.

Line 10-11: “‘Mend my life!’ / each voice cried.”

The repetition of “Mend my life!” emphasizes the desperation of the voices clamoring for attention. It highlights the protagonist’s struggle to reconcile their own desires with the demands of others, echoing the universal conflict between self-care and external obligations. The collective nature of the “voices” underscores the overwhelming nature of the demands and expectations placed upon the speaker.

Line 12-13: “But you didn’t stop. / You knew what you had to do,”

These lines convey the protagonist’s resolute determination to follow their own path, despite the cacophony of conflicting voices. It underscores the importance of inner conviction and self-assurance in the face of adversity.

Line 14-15: “though the wind pried / with its stiff fingers”

The personification of the wind, “prying with its stiff fingers,” evokes a sense of relentless pressure and resistance. It symbolizes the external forces that seek to deter the protagonist from their chosen course, yet ultimately fail to sway their resolve.

Line 16-18: “at the very foundations, / though their melancholy / was terrible.”

The foundations represent the most fundamental aspects of the speaker’s life. The wind’s prying suggests that the journey is shaking the speaker to their core, challenging their most deeply held beliefs or sense of security. Then, the melancholy likely refers to the voices or the emotional atmosphere surrounding the speaker.

It’s a collective sadness that weighs heavily on the speaker, adding emotional depth to the physical struggle. Additionally, the word “terrible” conveys the intensity of the emotional struggle. It’s not just passing sadness, but a powerful sense of despair that the speaker must overcome.

Line 19-20: “It was already late / enough, and a wild night,”

These lines convey a sense of urgency and peril as the protagonist confronts the daunting task of self-discovery amidst the darkness of uncertainty. The “wild night” serves as a metaphor for the difficult journey ahead, filled with obstacles and unknown dangers.

Line 21-22: “and the road full of fallen / branches and stones.”

The imagery of the road strewn with obstacles—fallen branches and stones—underscores the challenges inherent in forging a new path. It symbolizes the difficulties and setbacks that accompany personal growth, yet it also hints at the potential for transformation and renewal.

Line 23-24: “But little by little, / as you left their voice behind,”

Here, Oliver captures the gradual process of shedding external influences and embracing inner clarity. The protagonist begins to distance themselves from the voices of doubt and conformity, moving closer towards self-realization with each step.

Line 25-26: “the stars began to burn / through the sheets of clouds,”

This line heralds a shift in perspective, as the stars piercing through the clouds symbolize moments of illumination and insight. It suggests that clarity emerges from the darkness, guiding the protagonist towards a deeper understanding of their own truth.

Moreover, clouds often represent confusion or obstacles. The stars’ ability to shine through the clouds suggests that the speaker’s newfound clarity is powerful enough to overcome any remaining uncertainty or barriers.

Line 27-29: “and there was a new voice / which you slowly / recognized as your own,”

The emergence of a new voice represents the speaker’s own thoughts and desires becoming clearer and more influential as they progress on their journey. The adverb “slowly” reinforces the gradual nature of the speaker’s transformation and the careful attention they are paying to this emerging sense of self.

Furthermore, recognition of the voice as their own signifies a moment of self-realization and acceptance, a critical step in the journey towards autonomy and authenticity. Overall, these lines signify the protagonist’s transition from uncertainty to confidence as they embrace their authentic identity and purpose.

Lines 30-31: “that kept you company / as you strode deeper and deeper”

This line conveys a sense of companionship and reassurance, as the newfound inner voice accompanies the protagonist on their journey of self-exploration. It suggests a growing sense of self-assurance and resilience in the face of adversity.

Line 32-33: “into the world, / determined to do”

The protagonist’s determination to venture “deeper and deeper into the world” reflects their commitment to fully engage with life’s challenges and opportunities. It underscores their resolve to pursue their own path with courage and conviction.

Line 34-35: “the only thing you could do — / determined to save”

In these final lines, Oliver encapsulates the essence of the protagonist’s journey: the unwavering commitment to save themselves. It emphasizes the importance of self-care and self-preservation, reminding readers that true salvation begins with honoring one’s own needs and aspirations.

Line 36- “the only life that you could save .”  

The poem concludes with a powerful statement of self-preservation and empowerment. The speaker recognizes that the most important life they can save is their own, emphasizing the ultimate responsibility each person has for their own happiness and destiny.

Check this video of Chris Thile, reciting the poem “The Journey.”

Poetic and Literary Devices in “The Journey”

1. Metaphor: Throughout the poem, Mary Oliver employs metaphorical language to convey deeper meanings. The journey described in the poem serves as a metaphor for personal growth and self-discovery, symbolizing the protagonist’s transformative experience.

2. Personification: Oliver personifies abstract concepts such as “the voices” and “the wind,” giving them human-like qualities. This literary device adds depth to the poem by making these elements feel more tangible and relatable to the reader.

3. Imagery: Vivid imagery is used to paint a picture of the protagonist’s inner and outer landscape. The descriptions of the trembling house, the wind prying with its stiff fingers, and the road full of fallen branches and stones evoke a sense of turmoil and uncertainty, mirroring the protagonist’s internal struggles.

4. Repetition: The repetition of the phrase “Mend my life!” emphasizes the persistence of external pressures and the protagonist’s resolve to overcome them. This repetition adds rhythm and emphasis to the poem, reinforcing its central themes.

5. Symbolism: Various symbols are employed throughout the poem to convey deeper meanings. For example, the stars burning through the clouds symbolize moments of clarity and insight, while the protagonist’s recognition of their own voice represents a newfound sense of self-awareness and empowerment.

6. Enjambment: Oliver utilizes enjambment, or the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, to create a sense of flow and momentum in the poem. This technique adds to the fluidity of the narrative, allowing the reader to experience the journey alongside the protagonist in real-time.

7. Alliteration: The repetition of consonant sounds, such as in the phrase “though the wind pried with its stiff fingers,” creates a sense of rhythm and musicality in the poem. This use of alliteration adds to the overall texture and aesthetic appeal of the writing.

“ The Journey ” by Mary Oliver is a compelling poem that narrates the emotional and mental challenges one faces when deciding to leave behind an unhealthy life and start anew. The speaker, using second-person narration, invites the reader to step into the shoes of someone who has reached a pivotal moment in their life, recognizing the need for change. Despite the clamor of voices urging a return to the past, the individual persists, braving an uneven path toward a new existence.

As the poem unfolds, it’s revealed that the journey is fraught with obstacles, symbolized by the wind, a wild night, and a road scattered with debris. Yet, the traveler perseveres, gradually distancing themselves from the voices of the past and drawing strength from within. A new voice emerges, one that the traveler slowly recognizes as their own, providing companionship and guidance as they delve deeper into uncharted territory.

The poem concludes with a powerful realization: the only life a traveler can save is their own. This epiphany encapsulates the themes of self-reliance, strength, and renewal that are woven throughout the narrative.

The structure of the poem, free from rigid rhyme schemes, mirrors the theme of liberation, while the use of poetic devices like metaphor, enjambment, and imagery enriches the text with rhythmic unity and emotional depth.

In essence, “The Journey” is a testament to the transformative power of self-discovery and the indomitable human spirit’s ability to overcome adversity and chart a new course.

If you’re curious about Mary Oliver’s poetry , don’t miss her acclaimed work “Wild Geese,” which beautifully captures the essence of nature and humanity.

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Exploring the Depths of “The Journey”: A Literary Analysis by Mary Oliver

• Mary Oliver

Mary Oliver’s poem “The Journey” is a powerful and introspective piece that delves into the complexities of personal growth and transformation. In this literary analysis, we will explore the themes, symbolism, and language used in the poem to gain a deeper understanding of its meaning and significance. Through an examination of Oliver’s poetic techniques and the imagery she employs, we will uncover the rich layers of meaning that make “The Journey” such a timeless and resonant piece of literature.

Background Information

Mary Oliver’s “The Journey” is a poem that explores the theme of self-discovery and the journey towards finding one’s true self. Oliver was an American poet who was known for her nature-inspired poetry and her ability to capture the beauty of the natural world in her writing. She was born in Ohio in 1935 and began writing poetry at a young age. Oliver’s work has been widely praised for its simplicity and its ability to connect with readers on a deep emotional level. “The Journey” is one of her most famous poems and has been widely anthologized and studied in literature classes around the world. In this article, we will explore the themes and literary devices used in “The Journey” and examine how Oliver’s writing style contributes to the poem’s overall impact.

Themes Explored in “The Journey”

In “The Journey,” Mary Oliver explores several themes that are central to the human experience. One of the most prominent themes is the idea of self-discovery and personal growth. The poem follows the speaker as she embarks on a journey of self-discovery, leaving behind the familiar and venturing into the unknown. Along the way, she confronts her fears and doubts, and ultimately emerges stronger and more self-assured.

Another important theme in the poem is the idea of transformation. The speaker undergoes a profound transformation over the course of her journey, shedding her old self and embracing a new, more authentic version of herself. This theme is closely tied to the idea of self-discovery, as the speaker’s journey of transformation is driven by her desire to understand herself more deeply and to live a more fulfilling life.

Finally, “The Journey” explores the theme of perseverance and resilience. The speaker faces numerous challenges and setbacks on her journey, but she never gives up. Instead, she draws on her inner strength and determination to keep moving forward, even when the path ahead is uncertain. This theme is particularly relevant in today’s world, where many people are facing difficult and uncertain times. “The Journey” reminds us that we have the power to overcome adversity and emerge stronger on the other side.

Symbolism in “The Journey”

Symbolism in “The Journey” is a crucial element that adds depth and meaning to the poem. Throughout the poem, Oliver uses various symbols to represent the journey of self-discovery and transformation. One of the most prominent symbols in the poem is the forest. The forest represents the unknown and the journey into the depths of oneself. It is a place of darkness and mystery, but also a place of growth and transformation. The speaker must navigate through the forest to reach their destination, just as one must navigate through the unknown to find themselves. Another symbol in the poem is the river. The river represents the flow of life and the journey of time. It is a symbol of change and transformation, as the speaker must cross the river to reach their destination. The river also represents the power of nature and the forces that guide us on our journey. Overall, the symbolism in “The Journey” adds depth and meaning to the poem, allowing readers to explore the themes of self-discovery and transformation in a more profound way.

Imagery in “The Journey”

In “The Journey,” Mary Oliver uses vivid imagery to convey the speaker’s emotional journey. The poem begins with the speaker standing at the edge of a forest, symbolizing the beginning of a new journey. The forest is described as “dark” and “dense,” creating a sense of mystery and uncertainty. As the speaker begins to walk, they encounter various obstacles, such as “rivers” and “mountains,” which represent the challenges and hardships of life.

Oliver also uses animal imagery to convey the speaker’s emotions. The speaker encounters a “black bear” and a “snake,” both of which are traditionally associated with fear and danger. However, the speaker is able to overcome their fear and continue on their journey. The “wild geese” that the speaker encounters towards the end of the poem represent freedom and the possibility of a new beginning.

Overall, Oliver’s use of imagery in “The Journey” helps to create a vivid and emotional experience for the reader. The imagery not only helps to convey the speaker’s journey, but also allows the reader to connect with their own personal journey and the obstacles they may face along the way.

Structure and Form of “The Journey”

The structure and form of “The Journey” by Mary Oliver is a significant aspect of the poem’s impact on the reader. The poem is composed of three stanzas, each with a different number of lines. The first stanza has six lines, the second has nine, and the third has seven. This structure creates a sense of progression and development throughout the poem. The first stanza introduces the speaker’s desire for change, the second stanza explores the challenges and obstacles she faces on her journey, and the third stanza concludes with the speaker’s realization and acceptance of her transformation.

Additionally, the poem’s form is characterized by its use of metaphor and imagery. Oliver uses the metaphor of a forest to represent the speaker’s journey, with the trees symbolizing the obstacles and challenges she must overcome. The use of vivid imagery, such as “the dark woods, the blue hills,” and “the long, difficult path,” further emphasizes the difficulty of the journey.

Overall, the structure and form of “The Journey” work together to create a powerful and impactful poem that explores the themes of transformation and self-discovery.

The Role of Nature in “The Journey”

Nature plays a significant role in “The Journey” by Mary Oliver. Throughout the poem, the speaker is on a journey through the wilderness, and the natural world serves as both a guide and a source of inspiration. The speaker is in awe of the beauty and power of nature, and this appreciation is reflected in the language and imagery used throughout the poem. The natural world is also a symbol of the speaker’s own inner journey, as she navigates through the challenges and uncertainties of life. Overall, the role of nature in “The Journey” is to provide a sense of wonder and perspective, and to remind us of the interconnectedness of all things.

The Use of Language in “The Journey”

In “The Journey,” Mary Oliver uses language to convey the transformative power of self-discovery. The poem is written in a conversational tone, with simple and direct language that allows the reader to easily connect with the speaker’s journey. Oliver uses vivid imagery to describe the physical landscape, which serves as a metaphor for the speaker’s internal journey. The use of repetition, particularly in the phrase “you knew,” emphasizes the speaker’s growing self-awareness and confidence. Additionally, the use of the second person point of view invites the reader to participate in the journey and encourages self-reflection. Overall, Oliver’s use of language in “The Journey” effectively conveys the theme of personal growth and the importance of self-discovery.

Analysis of the Speaker’s Journey

Throughout “The Journey,” the speaker undergoes a transformative journey that takes her from a place of fear and uncertainty to one of courage and self-discovery. At the beginning of the poem, the speaker is hesitant to embark on her journey, unsure of what lies ahead and afraid of the unknown. However, as she begins to move forward, she finds strength in her own resilience and determination, and she begins to embrace the challenges that come her way.

One of the most striking aspects of the speaker’s journey is the way in which she confronts her own fears and doubts. Rather than allowing these emotions to hold her back, she uses them as a source of motivation, pushing herself to keep moving forward even when the path ahead seems daunting. This resilience is particularly evident in the lines “But little by little, / as you left their voices behind, / the stars began to burn / through the sheets of clouds, / and there was a new voice / which you slowly / recognized as your own.” Here, the speaker is able to find her own voice and her own sense of purpose, even in the face of adversity.

Another key element of the speaker’s journey is the way in which she connects with the natural world around her. Throughout the poem, she draws strength and inspiration from the landscape, finding solace in the beauty of the mountains, the rivers, and the stars. This connection to nature is particularly evident in the lines “You knew what you had to do, / though the wind pried / with its stiff fingers / at the very foundations, / though their melancholy / was terrible.” Here, the speaker is able to find a sense of peace and clarity even in the midst of a storm, drawing on the power of the natural world to guide her forward.

Overall, the speaker’s journey in “The Journey” is a powerful testament to the human spirit and the resilience of the human soul. Through her struggles and triumphs, she is able to find her own voice and her own sense of purpose, and she emerges from her journey stronger and more self-assured than ever before.

Comparison to Other Works by Mary Oliver

Mary Oliver is a prolific poet, and “The Journey” is just one of her many works. When compared to her other poems, “The Journey” stands out for its simplicity and accessibility. Unlike some of her more abstract and complex works, “The Journey” is straightforward and easy to understand. This makes it a great entry point for readers who are new to Oliver’s poetry. However, despite its simplicity, “The Journey” still manages to convey deep and profound truths about life and the human experience. In this way, it is a testament to Oliver’s skill as a poet and her ability to connect with readers on a deep level.

Reception and Interpretation of “The Journey”

The reception and interpretation of Mary Oliver’s poem “The Journey” has been varied and complex. Some readers have found the poem to be a powerful meditation on the process of self-discovery and the importance of taking risks in order to grow and change. Others have interpreted the poem as a commentary on the challenges of navigating the world as a woman, and the need to break free from societal expectations and constraints in order to find one’s true path. Still others have seen the poem as a reflection on the human condition more broadly, and the universal struggle to find meaning and purpose in life. Whatever one’s interpretation of “The Journey,” it is clear that the poem has resonated deeply with readers around the world, and continues to inspire and challenge us to explore the depths of our own inner landscapes.

Impact of “The Journey” on Contemporary Poetry

“The Journey” by Mary Oliver has had a significant impact on contemporary poetry. The poem’s themes of self-discovery, resilience, and the power of nature have resonated with readers and writers alike. Many poets have been inspired by Oliver’s use of vivid imagery and her ability to capture the essence of the human experience. “The Journey” has also influenced the way poets approach the idea of a personal journey, encouraging them to explore their own paths and find meaning in their experiences. Overall, “The Journey” has become a touchstone for contemporary poets, a reminder of the transformative power of poetry and the importance of finding one’s own way in the world.”

The Significance of “The Journey” in Oliver’s Body of Work

Throughout her body of work, Mary Oliver has consistently explored the theme of “the journey.” Whether it be a physical journey through nature or an emotional journey through the human experience, Oliver’s poetry is filled with the idea of movement and progression. This theme is significant because it speaks to the universal human experience of growth and change. Oliver’s exploration of “the journey” allows readers to connect with her work on a personal level, as we all have our own journeys to navigate. Additionally, Oliver’s use of nature as a backdrop for these journeys highlights the interconnectedness of all living things and the importance of our relationship with the natural world. Overall, “the journey” is a central theme in Oliver’s body of work that speaks to the human experience and our place in the world.

The Universal Appeal of “The Journey”

“The Journey” by Mary Oliver is a poem that has captured the hearts of readers from all walks of life. Its universal appeal lies in its ability to speak to the human experience of transformation and growth. The poem’s central theme of embarking on a journey, both physical and emotional, resonates with readers who have faced challenges and overcome obstacles in their own lives. Oliver’s use of vivid imagery and metaphors creates a sense of familiarity and relatability, allowing readers to connect with the poem on a personal level. Whether it’s a journey of self-discovery, healing, or simply a physical journey, “The Journey” speaks to the human desire for growth and change. It is a timeless piece of literature that continues to inspire and move readers today.

Interpretation of the Final Lines of “The Journey”

The final lines of Mary Oliver’s poem “The Journey” are often interpreted as a call to action, a reminder to live life to the fullest and not waste time on fear or hesitation. The speaker urges the reader to “determine to do / the work for which you came” and to “save the only life you can.” This can be seen as a message of empowerment, encouraging the reader to take control of their own destiny and make the most of their time on earth. However, some readers may also interpret these lines as a warning against complacency and a reminder that life is fleeting. The phrase “save the only life you can” could be seen as a reminder to cherish every moment and not take anything for granted. Ultimately, the interpretation of these final lines will depend on the reader’s own experiences and perspective.

The Journey as a Metaphor for Life

The journey is a powerful metaphor for life, and Mary Oliver’s poem “The Journey” captures this idea beautifully. Just as we embark on a physical journey, we also embark on a journey through life, with all its ups and downs, twists and turns. Along the way, we encounter obstacles and challenges, but we also experience moments of joy and wonder. The journey is not always easy, but it is always worth it. Oliver’s poem reminds us that we must have the courage to take that first step, to leave behind what is safe and familiar, and to venture into the unknown. Only then can we discover the true beauty and meaning of our lives.

Exploring the Connection between “The Journey” and Transcendentalism

Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that emerged in the 19th century in America. It emphasizes the importance of individualism, intuition, and the connection between humans and nature. Mary Oliver’s poem “The Journey” is a perfect example of transcendentalist literature. The poem is about a woman who decides to take a journey to find herself and her purpose in life. Throughout the poem, the woman encounters different obstacles and challenges, but she never gives up. She keeps moving forward, trusting her intuition and the universe to guide her. This is a perfect example of the transcendentalist belief in the power of the individual and the importance of following one’s own path. The poem also emphasizes the connection between humans and nature. The woman in the poem is constantly surrounded by nature, and she finds solace and guidance in it. This is another important aspect of transcendentalism, which emphasizes the importance of nature in human life. Overall, “The Journey” is a beautiful example of transcendentalist literature, and it shows how this philosophy can be applied to everyday life.

The Role of Religion and Spirituality in “The Journey”

Religion and spirituality play a significant role in Mary Oliver’s “The Journey.” The poem explores the idea of a spiritual journey, one that is not necessarily tied to any specific religion but rather a personal quest for meaning and purpose. The speaker in the poem is searching for a deeper understanding of herself and her place in the world, and she turns to a higher power for guidance and support. The use of religious imagery, such as the mention of a “dark night” and the idea of being “saved,” adds to the spiritual tone of the poem. Overall, “The Journey” highlights the importance of faith and spirituality in the human experience and the quest for self-discovery.

The Importance of Self-Discovery in “The Journey”

Self-discovery is a crucial element in any journey, and this is particularly true in “The Journey” by Mary Oliver. The poem tells the story of a woman who sets out on a journey to find herself, and in doing so, discovers the true meaning of life. Through her experiences, she learns to embrace her innermost desires and passions, and to let go of the things that hold her back. This process of self-discovery is not only important for the protagonist, but also for the reader, as it encourages us to reflect on our own lives and to consider what truly matters to us. Ultimately, “The Journey” reminds us that the path to self-discovery is not always easy, but it is always worth it.

A Summary and Analysis of Mary Oliver’s ‘The Journey’

By Dr Oliver Tearle (Loughborough University)

‘The Journey’ is a poem by the American poet Mary Oliver (1935-2019), a poet who has perhaps not received as much attention from critics as she deserves. It’s been estimated that she was the bestselling poet in the United States at the time of her death, so a few words of analysis about some of her best-known poems seem appropriate. ‘The Journey’ is a poem about someone who leaves behind their old life and embarks on a journey towards a new one.

The poem is about the day when someone (addressed as ‘you’ by the poem’s speaker) realised what they had to do, and started to do it, even though there were many people around them who were trying to dissuade the person from doing it.

It seemed that the whole house shook with the import of this person’s decision. Voices cried throughout their house, demanding that this person fix their lives for them. But that person, the person to whom the poem is addressed, didn’t stop doing what they had decided to do, and carried on nonetheless.

This person knew what they had to do, even though the wind seemed to try to uproot the very foundations of the person’s existence, like someone tearing a house from the ground. Many of the people who had demanded that the person addressed in the poem ‘mend’ their life for them experienced terrible sadness at the person’s decision.

It was already late, so the person knew they couldn’t delay any longer, and the road ahead was already strewn with obstacles. But gradually, as the person left the voices of those people behind them, they began to see the stars shining through the clouds, and a new voice – which they came to realise was their own – spoke reassuringly to the person as they made their way deeper into the world.

This person was determined to do the only thing they could: to save themselves.

How should be analyse, or categorise, ‘The Journey’? We could interpret this symbolic and open-ended poem as about a mid-life crisis (it is ‘already late’, remember: suggesting that the person addressed is not in the first flush of youth), and more specifically, as a poem about a woman, a wife and perhaps even a mother, leaving behind the selfish needs of others and seeking self-determination and, indeed, self-salvation.

We say ‘woman’ not just because the poet, Mary Oliver, was herself female and often wrote about women’s lives, including her own; but because those ‘voices’ which demand that the person in the poem ‘mend’ their lives are immediately interpreted, or decoded, in our minds as children’s voices (and perhaps a husband’s, too).

And yet perhaps it would be a mistake to limit the poem in such a way, and suggest it is about a dissatisfied wife and mother who has lost her sense of identity as she has put others first ahead of herself for many years. ‘Mother’, in particular, brings problems given the actions of the person in the poem (of which more below), but even identifying the person as a woman restricts its broader message.

And in this connection, it is worth noting that Oliver’s mode in this poem – having a genderless speaker address a genderless ‘you’ through use of the second-person mode of address – keeps us in the dark about the identities, and genders, of both speaker and addressee.

What we can say, however, is that there is every reason to think that speaker and addressee, whichever gender they might be, are the same person: the speaker is addressing herself, following her long journey towards self-discovery (or rediscovery). This analysis of the poem makes sense when we bear in mind the moment when the speaker tells us that this journeywoman (or man) stopped hearing the selfish voices of those she’d (or he’d) left behind and instead heard his (or her) own voice. The poem, then, is an extension of this dialogue: the journeyperson speaking to themselves following their journey (back) towards themselves.

In the last analysis, then, ‘The Journey’ is a poem about leaving one’s past behind and rediscovering one’s own self, who one really is. And yet if we assume that the speaker/addressee is an adult (in the middle of their life) and the voices they leave behind include those of their children, are we meant to embrace this, or wonder whether such an act of abnegation of one’s duties in the quest for self-discovery is a step too far?

Perhaps this is where assumptions about the figure in the poem turn on whether we see them as a frustrated parent walking out on their family duties or, for instance, someone who has merely quit their job and escaped form an oppressive relationship, breaking out on their own.

Put simply, then, ‘The Journey’ is a poem whose message, whilst clear enough, raises some interesting questions. Is it always right to give up on one’s responsibilities to others when we feel they are holding us back? Does it depend on whether they are literally dependent on us, or merely exploiting us, and refusing to give anything back (that one-way ‘mend my life!’ is revealing, certainly, and perhaps is easier to attribute to a selfish partner than to young children, whose lives don’t need ‘mending’ but rather shaping or directing).

‘The Journey’ comprises one single stanza composed in free verse . Oliver’s use of free verse – no regular rhyme scheme, rhythm or metre, and irregular line lengths – mirrors the journey undertaken by the person in the poem, who is uncertain where their quest of self-discovery will lead, and whose undertaking of such a journey is beset by initial doubts and obstacles.

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The Practice

Counselling and psychotherapy in central london, poems of transformation: the journey, by mary oliver.

One day you finally knew what you had to do, and began, though the voices around you kept shouting their bad advice– though the whole house began to tremble and you felt the old tug at your ankles. “Mend my life!” each voice cried. But you didn’t stop. You knew what you had to do, though the wind pried with its stiff fingers at the very foundations, though their melancholy was terrible. It was already late enough, and a wild night, and the road full of fallen branches and stones. But little by little, as you left their voices behind, the stars began to burn through the sheets of clouds, and there was a new voice which you slowly recognized as your own, that kept you company as you strode deeper and deeper into the world, determined to do the only thing you could do– determined to save the only life you could save.

–Mary Oliver

The Journey is a poem of transformation. It speaks of the moment when you dare . When you dare to listen to your own truth and set sail into a new life.

It is a poem in which you might catch a reflection of your own story. It invites you to find yourself and your own experience at its centre–the experience of a kind of knowing . A knowing that may lie dormant perhaps for many years, then one day suddenly bursts into life. A knowing that reveals the true journey of your life.

Perhaps this all sounds a bit too dramatic—but this poem can speak to anyone, wherever you are on your journey. Yet it is not quite enough merely to know . You have to take that first step in the dark, you have to begin though you are uncertain and filled with doubt. The mystic-poet Rumi said,

Start walking, start walking towards Shams, Your legs will get heavy and tired. Then comes the moment of feeling the wings you’ve grown lifting.

It can take a lifetime to prepare for the moment when this kind of knowing comes. A lifetime of being softened, broken down, and cooked in grief or mourning, while not essential, tends to pave the way into a new life for many. A new life requires a death of some kind, a letting go. What you let go of is a way of being in the world that you have outgrown.

And yet there are no guarantees. You cannot know where the road will take you. Nevertheless embarking upon the ‘road less travelled’ is an essential human experience. On some deep level every human heart yearns to follow its archetypal path.

“The Journey” speaks to the birth of a new self, a deeper identity that was in you all along. This new self does not flee from the world, but walks deeply into it. You cannot know where its voice will lead you. But you alone can respond to its call.

Artwork by Morri

Reading Skills

Interpreting figurative language and poetic devices.

• The Albert Team
• Last Updated On: August 11, 2023

What is Figurative Language?

Figurative language can be described as the secret sauce in the recipe of literature. It’s a way of using words that steps beyond their literal meanings and presents ideas or feelings in an imaginative and thought-provoking way. You might find this a bit complex, but in reality, you’ve come across figurative language often. Have you heard expressions like “it’s raining cats and dogs” or “I could eat a horse”? These are examples of idioms and hyperbole, which are forms of figurative language.

Figurative language’s goal is to break away from the everyday and ordinary, and to invite readers into a vibrant world of meaning. It enhances writing by creating layers of depth, constructing vivid imagery, stirring emotions, and offering a unique viewpoint.

Figurative language comes in many shapes. Similes, metaphors, personification, hyperbole, symbolism, and idioms are some of the common types. For example, a metaphor like “life is a roller coaster” draws a comparison between life and a roller coaster, suggesting that life, much like a roller coaster, is full of ups and downs, and twists and turns.

By learning to understand and interpret figurative language, we can dive deeper into the layers of a text and fully appreciate the richness of the author’s vision.

Why Do Authors Use Figurative Language?

Authors use figurative language because it helps them express big ideas in exciting and creative ways. It’s similar to how a painter uses different colors and brush strokes to make an unforgettable painting. Here’s why authors often use figurative language:

• Building Pictures: Figurative language helps create strong images in the reader’s mind. Saying “the forest was so quiet you could hear a leaf drop” is much more powerful than simply saying “the forest was quiet.”
• Sharing Tough Ideas: Figurative language can make tricky or abstract ideas easier to understand. For example, saying someone has a “heart of stone” tells us quickly that they’re cold and don’t show their feelings.
• Sparking Feelings: Figurative language can stir up strong feelings in readers, making them feel more connected to what they’re reading.
• Making Writing Fun: Just like spices make food tastier, figurative language makes writing more fun to read and more memorable.
• Showing Creativity: Figurative language lets authors show their creativity by putting their own spin on how they describe people, places, and things.

The next time you read a book or a poem, look for examples of figurative language. Think about what the author might be trying to say with these expressions and how they add to the story. This can help you enjoy what you’re reading even more and appreciate the skill that goes into writing.

Examples of Figurative Language

To understand the different types of figurative language better, let’s look at some examples you might see in books, songs, or even in everyday conversation:

A simile is a comparison between two different things that share some common aspect. In the simile “She’s as busy as a bee,” we’re comparing a person (in this case, “she”) to a bee.

Bees are known for their constant activity; they are always moving, flying from flower to flower, collecting nectar, pollinating plants, and producing honey. Because of this, we often use bees as a symbol of busyness or industriousness. When we say “she’s as busy as a bee,” we mean that she is very active and hard-working, similar to how a bee is always working.

So, the simile “She’s as busy as a bee” is saying that the person is extremely busy, just like a bee. The words “as…as” are used to make the comparison, which is a classic way similes are formed. It’s a great example of how figurative language can help us express ideas in a more colorful and imaginative way.

Metaphors compare two things without using “like” or “as.”

Walt Whitman’s poem “O Captain! My Captain!” is filled with metaphors. It is an extended metaphor where the journey of a ship is compared to the journey of a nation.

Here’s an example from the poem:

“But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead.”

In these lines, Whitman is referring to the ship’s deck where the Captain (Abraham Lincoln) lies “fallen cold and dead.” The deck of the ship and the fallen captain serve as metaphors for the United States and the assassination of President Lincoln. The “bleeding drops of red” symbolize the suffering and loss the nation endures due to Lincoln’s death.

This metaphor not only presents a poignant image, but it also enables Whitman to express deep national grief and the end of a significant era in American history.

Personification

Personification is when we give human traits to non-human things, like animals, objects, or ideas. It’s a cool way to make descriptions more lively or help express big feelings or thoughts.

Take the phrase, “The stars danced in the night sky.” Here, we’re using personification. Stars can’t dance like humans – they’re objects in space. But when we say “the stars danced,” we’re imagining the stars having this human ability to dance.

This does a couple of neat things. It helps the reader picture the scene more clearly – it’s not just “the stars were in the sky,” but the stars are moving and twinkling like dancers. Personification also adds a sense of fun or magic. Finally, it can make the reader feel closer to the stars, by linking them with a familiar human activity, like dancing.

So, personification helps to make writing more memorable, emotional, and deep, making stories or poems richer and more fun to read.

Hyperbole is a figurative language technique where you exaggerate something a lot to make a point or show that something is really important. It’s like using a giant magnifying glass to focus on something specific.

You may have come across someone saying, “I’ve told you a million times to clean your room!” Of course, the speaker didn’t actually give the instruction a million times. It’s an exaggeration to show that they’ve repeated the request many times and are frustrated or annoyed.

Here’s another example: “I’m so hungry, I could eat a horse.” Obviously, someone isn’t literally going to eat a horse, but this phrase exaggerates hunger to a great degree. It’s an extreme way of saying that they’re extremely hungry.

Both of these examples use big, over-the-top numbers or scenarios to make a point. It helps the listener or reader understand just how strong the speaker’s feelings are about the subject. It’s not meant to be taken literally; instead, it’s a fun, dramatic way to express a point of view or an emotion. So, when you come across a hyperbole in your readings, try to understand the emotion or emphasis the writer is trying to convey through this exaggeration.

Symbols can be things, people, or colors that stand for bigger ideas or feelings.

In the book To Kill a Mockingbird , Harper Lee talks a lot about a bird called a mockingbird. But she’s not just talking about a bird. The mockingbird is a symbol, or a sign, for something bigger. It stands for innocence, or not knowing about the world’s troubles. In the story, some characters are like the mockingbirds. They’re good people, but others treat them badly. This makes us feel sad, just like we would if someone hurt a harmless mockingbird.

Now, let’s think about another book you might know – Animal Farm by George Orwell. In this story, farm animals are symbols too. The pigs in the story are like bosses or leaders in real life. And there’s a windmill that stands for new tools and machines. Orwell uses these symbols to tell a bigger story about power and how it can be misused.

Both these books show us that symbols are not just things, people, or colors in a story. They can represent bigger ideas or feelings. So, when you’re reading a book, try to spot these symbols. Ask yourself, what could this thing or person really mean? This can make reading even more fun and interesting.

Idioms are like secret codes or special language that you might not understand just by looking at the words. They have a hidden meaning different from the literal definition of the words used.

Take the phrase “break a leg,” for instance. You might think, “Why would I want to break my leg? That sounds painful!” But don’t worry, it’s just a quirky way of saying “good luck,” especially before someone goes on stage for a performance.

How about “the ball is in your court”? Does it mean that there’s a ball game going on? Nope! This idiom is usually used in conversations to mean it’s now your turn to take action or make a decision.

Or consider “let the cat out of the bag.” Nobody’s really keeping cats in bags! This fun phrase is used when someone reveals a secret or a surprise by accident.

And lastly, you may have heard “butterflies in my stomach.” Of course, we don’t have real butterflies fluttering inside us! This phrase is used to describe the nervous, fluttery feeling we get in our tummies when we’re excited or scared about something.

Idioms can be really fun once you get to know them. They add spice to our language and make everyday conversations more colorful and interesting. So next time you come across an odd phrase, it might just be an idiom!

Analyzing Figurative Language in Poetry

Poetry, with its rhythmic verses and expressive language, is a playground for figurative language. Poets use these techniques to convey emotion, depict vivid imagery, or bring a fresh perspective. Analyzing figurative language in poetry can often lead to a deeper understanding and appreciation of the poet’s message. Here’s how you can do it:

Identify Figurative Language

The first step is to identify instances of figurative language in the poem. Look for metaphors, similes, personification, hyperbole, or any other forms we’ve discussed. Mark them and note what they’re comparing or representing.

Understand the Comparison or Representation

Once you’ve identified a figurative phrase, try to understand what it’s comparing or representing. For instance, if a poet describes a person’s eyes as “deep pools of water,” think about what characteristics of water might apply to the person’s eyes. Depth? Mystery? Calmness? 

Interpret the Meaning

After understanding the comparison, try to interpret what the poet is trying to communicate through this use of figurative language. Using the same example, the poet might be suggesting that the person has a deep or mysterious nature, which can be inferred from their eyes.

Consider the Effect on the Poem

Lastly, consider how the use of figurative language impacts the overall poem. Does it add depth or emotion? Create a vivid image? Contribute to the poem’s tone or theme?

For example, let’s consider the famous line by Robert Frost: “Two roads diverged in a yellow wood.” The roads here are a metaphor for choices in life. The use of this metaphor adds depth to the poem, making it more than just a simple tale about a walk in the woods. Instead, it becomes a reflection on life choices and their far-reaching consequences.

Remember, analyzing poetry is like being a detective. It requires a keen eye, patience, and an open mind. But the reward — understanding a poem’s richness and depth — is undoubtedly worth the effort!

What Are Poetic Devices?

Now that we’ve covered the dynamic world of figurative language, let’s dive into another crucial part of literary interpretation – poetic devices. These tools, while encompassing figurative language, stretch even further, offering poets a variety of ways to enhance their work.

Just as a painter uses different brushes and colors to bring their canvas to life, a poet uses these devices to paint vibrant images, stir emotions, and engage readers in unique and compelling ways. Figurative language is a part of this toolkit, but poetic devices go beyond that. They incorporate elements of sound, structure, rhythm, and more to make poetry resonate with readers. With this understanding, let’s explore what poetic devices are and how they add depth and beauty to a poem.

Here are some common poetic devices that poets often use:

 Rhyme is when the end or final sound in two or more words or lines of poetry chime together. It gives a poem structure, musicality, and a pleasing sound. An example is: “The cat sat on the mat.”

Alliteration

This is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words in a line of poetry. It often creates a rhythmic effect. A well-known example is the tongue twister: “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.”

Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds in words that are close to each other. It can create internal rhyming within phrases or sentences. For instance, in the phrase, “The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plains,” the repetition of the “ai” sound is assonance.

Onomatopoeia

This refers to words that sound like their meanings. Words like ‘buzz,’ ‘pop,’ ‘sizzle,’ or ‘click’ all reflect the sounds they represent. 

Repetition involves the intentional reuse of words, phrases, or entire lines in a poem, often to highlight an important point, or to establish a rhythmic pattern.

A great example of repetition is from “The Hill We Climb” by Amanda Gorman where repeats the phrase “we will rise” multiple times throughout her poem.

Gorman’s repetition of “we will rise” reinforces her message of hope and resilience. Each time she says “we will rise”, it acts like a drumbeat, driving home the conviction that no matter where in the country we come from or what challenges we face, we have the strength to rise above them. This not only emphasizes her message, but also gives the poem a strong, rhythmic pulse that keeps the audience engaged.

This is when a sentence or phrase runs over from one line to the next without a pause or punctuation. It can be used to speed up the rhythm of a poem or to link thoughts together.

Understanding these poetic devices and how they’re used in a poem can provide insights into the poem’s structure, its mood, and the poet’s intent. Just like appreciating the subtle notes in a symphony, recognizing these devices can significantly enhance your enjoyment and understanding of poetry.

Interpreting Figurative Language in “A Poison Tree” by William Blake

“A Poison Tree” is a powerful poem by William Blake that uses vivid and metaphorical language to explore themes of anger, deceit, and revenge. Here are some step-by-step instructions to guide you through the process of analyzing the figurative language in this poem:

1. Read the Poem

Start by reading the poem in its entirety to get a general understanding. Notice the overarching themes and emotions expressed in the poem.

2. Identify Figurative Language

 Read through the poem again, this time looking specifically for examples of figurative language. In “A Poison Tree,” you’ll find metaphor is heavily used. For instance, the “poison tree” in the title is not a literal tree but a metaphor for the speaker’s growing anger.

3. Understand the Comparison or Representation:

Analyze each instance of figurative language to understand what is being compared or represented. For example, in the lines “And my foe beheld it shine, And he knew that it was mine,” the shining “fruit” of the tree can be interpreted as the harmful consequences of the speaker’s anger, which the foe recognizes.

4. Interpret the Meaning

Consider the meaning of each metaphor or figurative phrase in the context of the entire poem. What does the “poison tree” suggest about the speaker’s anger? How does the “fruit” reveal the outcome of that anger?

5. Consider the Effect on the Poem

Finally, think about how the use of figurative language impacts the overall understanding and interpretation of the poem. Does it emphasize the destructive nature of repressed anger? Does it create a vivid image of deceit and its consequences?

Through this analysis, we see that Blake effectively uses figurative language to communicate a powerful message about the toxic effects of harboring anger and the tragic results that can come from it. The “poison tree” is not just a metaphor for anger, but a symbol of the dangerous allure of vengeance.

Remember, when analyzing a poem, it’s okay if you don’t get everything on the first try. Poetry analysis is a skill that develops over time. So keep practicing, and soon you’ll find that you can read and interpret poetry like a pro!

Mastering the art of understanding figurative language and poetic devices can seem tricky at first. But like cracking a code or solving a mystery, once you get the hang of it, it becomes an exciting part of reading.

When we learn how to interpret figurative language and recognize poetic devices, our reading experience becomes much richer. We gain the ability to see the creativity of authors and poets and appreciate the effort and thought put into every word.

Remember, words in literature are not just their dictionary definitions. They can be like colors in a painting or notes in a song, creating vivid images, stirring up emotions, and expressing big ideas. This is the beauty of figurative language and the enchantment of poetry.

Practice Makes Perfect

Albert provides many helpful questions for you to practice interpreting figurative language and poetic devices. Our Poetry course is perfect for analyzing similes and metaphors or checking out how rhyme scheme impacts a poem’s overall message. For more practice, check out our  Essential Readings in Literature  course which provides opportunities to analyze figurative language in short stories commonly taught in high school.

Albert’s rigorous questions combined with instant feedback and detailed explanations help your students grasp essential close reading skills. Start practicing today!

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The Journey

By mary oliver.

One day you finally knew what you had to do, and began, though the voices around you kept shouting their bad advice— though the whole house began to tremble and you felt the old tug at your ankles. "Mend my life!" each voice cried. But you didn't stop. You knew what you had to do, though the wind pried with its stiff fingers at the very foundations, though their melancholy was terrible. It was already late enough, and a wild night, and the road full of fallen branches and stones. But little by little, as you left their voices behind, the stars began to burn through the sheets of clouds, and there was a new voice which you slowly recognized as your own, that kept you company as you strode deeper and deeper into the world, determined to do the only thing you could do— determined to save the only life you could save.

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Mary Oliver’s ‘The Journey’ is a Poem for Those Looking to Make a Change

posted on November 5, 2020

• 17 Generous Shares

            It’s important to take care of yourself on this journey called life. With work and social obligations eating up a lot of time, self-care and growth can fall to the wayside. When looking for inspiration to go in a different direction, poetry is an excellent place to turn.

            Mary Oliver’s ‘The Journey’ is a poem that makes you think. Known for writing about nature, this poem strays from the poet’s usual path. Most importantly, it makes you think about yourself. If you’re starting introspective journey for a new path, you have come to the right place. 

The Journey

One day you finally knew what you had to do, and began, though the voices around you kept shouting their bad advice — though the whole house began to tremble and you felt the old tug at your ankles. “Mend my life!” each voice cried. But you didn’t stop. You knew what you had to do, though the wind pried with its stiff fingers at the very foundations, though their melancholy was terrible. It was already late enough, and a wild night, and the road full of fallen branches and stones. But little by little, as you left their voice behind, the stars began to burn through the sheets of clouds, and there was a new voice which you slowly recognized as your own, that kept you company as you strode deeper and deeper into the world, determined to do the only thing you could do — determined to save the only life that you could save.

              “The Journey” tells the story of someone on, well, a journey. They start at a turning point, where they know it is time to leave things behind to move forward on a new life path. The reader is not given a straight answer on where they are going, but they are led through the things that brought them to this decision.

            There is bad advice being given, and the person is being pressured to help those around them without any time for themselves. They have gotten to a point of no return, no going back. They know they need to move on and let go of the things in their life holding them back. Starting during the day, the story transitions into nightfall as they move further in the direction of their chosen path.

            Addressing the reader, the poem encourages them to be put into the shoes of the person in the poem. Going from day to night shows the progression of the decision they are making to remove the bad parts of their life to continue living without them.

            The poem ends on the note that they realize that they must take care of themselves first and foremost. Taking advice from others was not working, and the only way to move forward is to stop giving in to requests from others to fix their lives. An important story is being told here in a small amount of words.

            Running through the poem is a theme of darkness. This is seen with word choices such as ‘bad advice,’ ‘melancholy,’ etc. These are not words chosen to be light and fun. They show how weighed down the person is by those around them and that the feelings they are having are not great.

            While the entire poem is a metaphor for life being a journey and the end is positive, even the language of “save the only life that you could,” indicates a darkness in the world around them. Are everyone’s lives in danger? These metaphors can be applied to life now amid a pandemic with uncertainty at every turn. The perspective one may have had probably changed drastically as the world did.

            Instead of being completely general, this poem also focuses on one individual person, and the reader can put themselves in their shoes. The person is struggling with a relatable issue that many people face, which is bad relationships and memories. At the risk of sounding hokey, the theme of this poem is a journey.

            Mary Oliver’s poems usually focus on the world of nature and spirituality. While this one addresses the reader and brings attention to the human component, she still incorporates nature with the wind and other symbolism.       

            Upon reading the first lines, you know this is going to be good. Just like you, the person being written about knows it is time to make changes. A turning point is here, and a new path will be formed. The people around them are giving them advice that just won’t do, and they need to break free and move forward.

            The house mentioned in line 6 symbolizes the person in question trembling beneath the words of others telling them what to do, and how that advice isn’t necessarily good. The relationships people have can be draining at times, and the weight of others asking for help with their own lives can deter people from working on themselves. The voices in the poem are yelling “Mend my life!” which is a common request in other words from others. When you care about someone, it can be difficult to deny them the emotional energy they demand.

            The line “you knew what you had to do,” cements that they know it is time to leave all of the badness behind and take control of their own life again. Cutting ties and leaving those behind who aren’t good for you is an incredibly hard task. Once the decision is made, sticking with it is the part that people struggle with the most. Another interpretation here is letting go not of people and relationships, but of a bad past memory that has been holding you back.

            One of the hardest things to do in relationships of any kind is to say the dreaded word, “no.” The person in this poem is making the tough decision to deny the requests of those around them, and push the bad advice back. The wind mentioned in line 14 symbolizes the pressure and stress caused by the nagging words of others that is holding them back. Working to get through it, they escape the grips to continue working to get rid of the weight.

            The symbolism continues with the stars breaking through the clouds, where the person is reaching clarity. By the end of the poem, it is nightfall, symbolizing the change getting further away from the issues they are escaping. The road is full of branches and stones that they are leaving behind, as well. The stones and branches could symbolize the people and memories they are trying to forget, left behind on the road to blow away and not return. When letting go of people and memories, getting rid of physical memories is one of the first steps in release.

            As the cloud disappear and clarity is reached, they are seeing their new life in front of them. The night and day symbolism is a clear way to distinguish the progression in their choices. Without being drowned out by the sound of other voices, they are able to hear their own voice and think. The line “as you left their voice behind, the stars began to burn,” symbolizes clarity coming as they stop listening to the voices.

            While it may not be actual physical distance between them and the memories, the visual of a road leading away from them shows the growth and change. It isn’t always possible to get that physical distance, but the imagery is something you can see in your head to help you move on. Latching onto the past can hinder any forward movement, so letting go in some regard will help, and this poem shows that.

            The ending line of being determined to do the only thing that you could do, is save the only life that you could, implying their own life. This is a very important moment as the poem ends. They have finished their realization period and have gotten to the point of leaving it behind to start new.

            The reader is left to hope they work on themselves and reach the goals they have set. It is open for interpretation how they do this, but the why is made clear throughout. The story can be applied to any aspect of life, and be inspiration for someone to do the same.

Structure/Rhyme Scheme

            ‘The Journey’ is a free verse poem that does not have your standard rhyme scheme. While rhyming does occur in some lines, it isn’t consistent throughout. One standout rhyme is the first line: “One day you finally knew what you had to do, and began, though the voice around you,” do and you rhyme, but again it is not consistent in the entire poem. Being written with the word “you,” addresses the reader to help them read the poem as it it’s about themselves.

            As far as time goes, the poem follows the line of one day, but a day after much consideration. Earlier the term ‘turning point’ was used, and that’s where this poem begins. The person has been thinking about letting go for a while, and it is finally time. The reader is joining them right as they have made the final decision and it is time for them to move on with their life. Where were they before? The reader doesn’t have to know. This decision is so relatable in so many ways.

            The structure and “you” approach make this a relatable poem and easy to read. The words used are simple and get the point across without being too wordy. The quotation of “mend my life!” is something everyone has heard at least once in some form. The writing makes this an accessible poem for those who may find the entire world of poetry to be daunting.

            Overall, ‘The Journey’ is a poem that almost anyone can relate to. Who hasn’t been in a position where they had to cut someone out, or knew it was time to change their lifestyle? There are no specifics tied to the reasons why this person is choosing to take the journey, so the reader can fill in the blanks with people or situations from their own lives.

            For the world’s current timeline, many people are choosing to make changes in their life. The time of isolation experienced globally was a time for introspect. This poem does an excellent job of encompassing that feeling of wanting to decide, getting to the point where you know it’s the right one, and needing to do it at that exact moment. If you wait too long, you may not follow through, and that’s why you must act at that second.

            Poetry is a place to seek inspiration and enjoyment. A poem like this can inspire you to think about yourself and what you have going on in your life. Through symbolism and interpretation, the reader can take the good out of the poem to apply to their own situation. That makes it a great poem.

            A simple takeaway from this poem is to make time for yourself. It is perfectly fine to say no to someone, and if something isn’t good for you, get it out of your life.  Now is as good a time as any to make changes to redirect the course of your life. Whether that be leaving memories behind, or people that just aren’t good for you.

            Bringing yourself to the turning point is a journey in itself, and once you get there crossing the bridge is even harder. Hopefully this poem inspires you to pinpoint what it is holding you back, and let it go. Life is all about journeys and changes, and the important part is coming to terms with this.           

            To sum it up, there’s nothing like a poem involving the reader to get your mind moving. Whether this poem encourages you to make major life changes, or think about things a little differently, it has something for everyone.

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Figurative Language – Definition and Examples

3-minute read

• 13th April 2023

In this article, you’ll learn about figurative language: what it is, how to use it, and lots of examples to inspire your everyday speech and descriptive writing .

What is Figurative Language?

Figurative language is language that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. It is often used to create imagery, evoke emotion, or emphasize a point in a way that literal language cannot. Think of it as painting a picture with words in the minds of your audience – for example, “She was as light as a feather while dancing.”

5 Types of Figurative Language

Below, we’ll look at five types of figurative language – metaphor, idiom, simile, hyperbole, and personification – that you can use in an essay, poem , speech, or conversation.

A metaphor is a figure of speech that compares two things by stating that one thing is another, without using “like” or “as.” Metaphors are used to create imagery, evoke emotions, and help readers or listeners to understand an idea or concept in a new and interesting way.

Here are some examples of metaphors:

An idiom is a phrase or expression that has a figurative meaning that is different from the literal meaning of the words. Idioms are often used in informal or conversational language to add color or humor.

Here are some examples of idioms:

If you want to include idioms in your everyday speech or writing, make sure you fully understand the figurative meaning before using them. If used incorrectly, they can cause confusion for your audience.

A simile is a figure of speech that compares two things using “like” or “as.” They are a great writing technique to create vivid imagery and a memorable comparison.

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Here are some examples of similes:

Hyperbole is a figure of speech that involves exaggeration for emphasis or effect. It is mostly used to emphasize a point in a funny or memorable way. Hyperbole is great to use in everyday language or writing, but it’s important to use it in moderation – otherwise, it can come across as insincere or unbelievable.

Here are some examples of hyperbole:

Personification

Personification is a figure of speech in which an inanimate object or animal is given human-like qualities or characteristics. This technique is mostly used in poetry or descriptive writing to create vivid imagery.

Here are some examples of personification:

Figurative language is a great addition to your everyday speech and is frequently used in literature and poetry. It can add depth and richness to language, making it more interesting and expressive. However, it can also be confusing if the reader or listener does not understand the intended meaning of the figurative language. Therefore, it is important to have a basic understanding of figurative language in order to fully appreciate and understand written and spoken communication.

Interested in learning more about how use descriptive language and vivid imagery? Check out our Writing Tips blog to learn more.

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  Examples Of Figurative Language In Poetry

Figurative Languages are words and expressions used in poems and texts to convey various meanings and interpretations from the literal meaning. Figurative devices play major while writing poems, sonnets , or ballads. They are the best tool for a writer to appeal to the senses of the reader. These devices give the reader detailed, vivid, and expressive insights. It also gives dimension to poetry and allows the writer to say things with additional flair and color. The most common techniques of figurative languages you can find in poetry are Simile , Metaphor , Symbolism , Alliteration , Hyperbole , and many more. For a detailed list refer to this article: https://literarydevices.net/figurative-language/.  Here are a few examples of figurative languages in a poetry

Ode to a Nightingale – John Keats

My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,.. O for a beaker full of the warm South, Full of the true, the blushful Hippocrene,…. Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes, Or new Love pine at them beyond to-morrow… White hawthorn, and the pastoral eglantine; Fast fading violets cover’d up in leaves;… Forlorn! the very word is like a bell To toll me back from thee to my sole self!

Ode to a Nightingale is an extraordinary poem that relates life’s suffering to the briefness of bird’s song. Here simile is used to compare abandonment or loneliness to a bell. In the line, “for a beaker full of the warm south”. The poet has used a metaphor to compare liquid with south country weather. In the verse , “where beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes” beauty is personified. The poet has used the apostrophe in “Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird”. Here, he is directly addressing the bird.

Tartary- Walter De La Mare

And in the evening lamps would shine, Yellow as honey, red as wine, Her bird-delighting, citron trees In every purple vale!

In the above lines, the poet uses the simile explicitly way. Yellow is compared to honey and red is to wine. The poet uses hyperbole for exaggeration , and for glorifying his dream. “The evening lamp would shine, yellow as honey red as wine.” Here, the poet exaggerates the colors of light. The implicit comparison draws through metaphor as ‘In every purple vale’.

Daffodils – W. W. Worth

  I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o’er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees,… And dances with the daffodils.

In the first line, ‘I wandered lonely as a cloud’ The poet compares himself to a cloud by using a simile. Alliteration is used in ‘Beside the lake, beneath the trees, And dances with the daffodils’. The sounds of ‘b’ and ‘d’ are in repetition . The poet has personified the daffodils as if the flowers can dance.

Because I could not stop for death – Emily Dickinson

He kindly stopped for me The Carriage held but just Ourselves… We passed the Setting Sun – We paused before a House that seemed A Swelling of the Ground –

In this poem, death is personified as a male suitor throughout the poem, driving the cart slowly. The carriage is a metaphor for the final journey. The house is a metaphor for grave. Sunset is the symbol for the foreshadowing of death or old age.

All the world’s a stage – William Shakespeare      

   All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players;… Mewling and puking in the nurse’s arms; And then the whining school-boy, with his satchel And shining morning face, creeping like snail Unwillingly to school. And then the lover, Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad … second childishness and mere oblivion; Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.

The idea behind this poem is fortune and fate. Shakespeare has beautifully used metaphors for seven stages of life. The visual imagery of lover, infant, and child display their character traits. The simile of ‘creeping like a snail’, ’sighing like a furnace’, and ‘beard like the pard’ are remarkable.

Little Boy Blue – Mother Goose

Little Boy Blue , Come blow your horn, The sheep’s in the meadow, The cow’s in the corn. But where is the boy Who looks after the sheep? He’s under a haystack, Fast asleep.

‘The sheep’s in the meadow’, ‘cow’s in the corn’, and ‘he‘s under haystack’ are the imageries. Alliteration is used in ‘ little boy blue ’ as the consonant sound /b/ is repeated. The rhyme is an extended metaphor for the innocence of a child. The rhyme also has enjambment when she transfers the thought to the next line.

Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening – Robert Frost

He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep ,

The following verse, ‘And miles to go before I sleep’ is an extended metaphor for the journey of life where sleep is for death. Poet has personified the thinking of horse mildly in the second stanza and further when he signs to the rider with’ bell’. The lake, snow , bell, and woods are imageries that appeal to our senses. Assonance is used in ‘He gives his harness bells a shake’. The sound of /i/ come in quick succession in ‘gives’ and ‘his’.

Patriot into traitor – Robert Browning

It was roses, roses, all the way, With myrtle mixed in my path like mad: The house-roofs seemed to heave and sway, The church-spires flames, such flags they had, A year ago on this very day… There’s nobody on the house-tops now – Just a palsied few at the windows set

In this poem, the poet presents how people change their mindsets using irony . For example, the fame and downfall of a leader. Political upheavals go parallel to ironic situations in the poem. In verse, “The house roofs seemed to heave and sway” the houses are personified and referred to the mob. The poem also begins with the image of the past, where a patriot is being welcomed warmly. The use of roses shows love, heaving, and swaying of rooftops is juxtaposed with the image of empty roofs.

Sailing to Byzantium – W. B. Yeats

In one another’s arms, birds in the trees, A tattered coat upon a stick, unless Soul clap its hands and sing, and louder sing For every tatter in its mortal dress, Consume my heart away; sick with desire And fastened to a dying animal

Imagery is used in ‘In one another’s arms, birds in the trees’, ‘O sages standing in God’s holy fire’ and ‘Soul clap its hands and sing, and louder sing’, which appeals our senses. Here ‘Soul’ is personified. In the line, ‘A tattered coat upon a stick, unless” the poet has used the metaphor. Here, he compares himself to a scarecrow.  “Consume my heart away; sick with desire”, the Oxymoron is clear here sickness presents desire and desire is for passion.

Kubla Khan – S. T. Coleridge

As e’er beneath a waning moon was haunted By woman wailing for her demon-lover! And from this chasm, with ceaseless turmoil seething, As if this earth in fast thick pants were breathing, A mighty fountain momently was forced: Amid whose swift half-intermitted burst Huge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail, Or chaffy grain beneath the thresher’s flail:

In verse, “huge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail”, the poet has used a simile to compare the fragments to hailstorm to show their impact. In the line, ‘as if this earth in fast thick pant was breathing’ earth is personified as if it can breathe like a human being. Alliteration is used in ‘woman wailing for her demon-lover’; the sound of /w/ is repeated.

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Figurative Language

Figurative Language Definition

What is figurative language? Here’s a quick and simple definition:

Figurative language is language that contains or uses figures of speech . When people use the term "figurative language," however, they often do so in a slightly narrower way. In this narrower definition, figurative language refers to language that uses words in ways that deviate from their literal interpretation to achieve a more complex or powerful effect. This view of figurative language focuses on the use of figures of speech that play with the meaning of words, such as metaphor , simile , personification , and hyperbole .

Some additional key details about figurative language:

• Figurative language is common in all sorts of writing, as well as in spoken language.
• Figurative language refers to language that contains figures of speech, while figures of speech are the particular techniques. If figurative speech is like a dance routine, figures of speech are like the various moves that make up the routine.
• It's a common misconception that imagery, or vivid descriptive language, is a kind of figurative language. In fact, writers can use figurative language as one tool to help create imagery, but imagery does not have to use figurative language.

Figurative Language Pronunciation

Here's how to pronounce figurative language: fig -yer-uh-tiv lang -gwij

Figures of Speech and Figurative Language

To fully understand figurative language, it's helpful to have a basic understanding of figures of speech. More specifically, it's helpful to understand the two main types of figures of speech: tropes and schemes .

• Tropes are figures of speech that play with and shift the expected and literal meaning of words.
• Schemes are figures of speech that involve a change from the typical mechanics of a sentence, such as the order, pattern, or arrangement of words.

Put even more simply: tropes play with the meaning of words, while schemes play with the structure of words, phrases, and sentences.

The Different Things People Mean When They Say Figurative Language

When people say figurative language, they don't always mean the precise same thing. Here are the three different ways people usually talk about figurative language:

• Dictionary definition of figurative language: According to the dictionary, figurative language is simply any language that contains or uses figures of speech. This definition would mean that figurative language includes the use of both tropes and schemes.
• Much more common real world use of figurative language: However, when people (including teachers) refer to figurative language, they usually mean language that plays with the literal meaning of words. This definition sees figurative language as language that primarily involves the use of tropes.
• Another common real world use of figurative language: Some people define figurative language as including figures of speech that play with meaning as well as a few other common schemes that affect the rhythm and sound of text, such as alliteration and assonance .

What does all that boil down to for you? If you hear someone talking about figurative language, you can usually safely assume they are referring to language that uses figures of speech to play with the meaning of words and, perhaps, with the way that language sounds or feels.

Common Types of Figurative Language

There are many, many types of figures of speech that can be involved in figurative language. Some of the most common are:

• Metaphor : A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unrelated things by stating that one thing is another thing, even though this isn't literally true. For example, the phrase "her lips are a blooming rose" obviously doesn't literally mean what it says—it's a metaphor that makes a comparison between the red beauty and promise of a blooming rose with that of the lips of the woman being described.
• Simile : A simile, like a metaphor, makes a comparison between two unrelated things. However, instead of stating that one thing is another thing (as in metaphor), a simile states that one thing is like another thing. An example of a simile would be to say "they fought like cats and dogs."
• Oxymoron : An oxymoron pairs contradictory words in order to express new or complex meanings. In the phrase "parting is such sweet sorrow" from Romeo and Juliet , "sweet sorrow" is an oxymoron that captures the complex and simultaneous feelings of pain and pleasure associated with passionate love.
• Hyperbole : Hyperbole is an intentional exaggeration of the truth, used to emphasize the importance of something or to create a comic effect. An example of a hyperbole is to say that a backpack "weighs a ton." No backpack literally weighs a ton, but to say "my backpack weighs ten pounds" doesn't effectively communicate how burdensome a heavy backpack feels.
• Personification : In personification, non-human things are described as having human attributes, as in the sentence, "The rain poured down on the wedding guests, indifferent to their plans." Describing the rain as "indifferent" is an example of personification, because rain can't be "indifferent," nor can it feel any other human emotion.
• Idiom : An idiom is a phrase that, through general usage within a particular group or society, has gained a meaning that is different from the literal meaning of the words. The phrase "it's raining cats and dogs" is known to most Americans to mean that it's raining hard, but an English-speaking foreigner in the United States might find the phrase totally confusing.
• Onomatopoeia : Onomatopoeia is a figure of speech in which words evoke the actual sound of the thing they refer to or describe. The “boom” of a firework exploding, the “tick tock” of a clock, and the “ding dong” of a doorbell are all examples of onomatopoeia.
• Synecdoche : In synecdoche, a part of something is used to refer to its whole . For example, "The captain commands one hundred sails" is a synecdoche that uses "sails" to refer to ships—ships being the thing of which a sail is a part.
• Metonymy : Metonymy is a figure of speech in which an object or concept is referred to not by its own name, but instead by the name of something closely associated with it. For example, in "Wall Street prefers lower taxes," the New York City street that was the original home of the New York Stock Exchange stands in for (or is a "metonym" for) the entire American financial industry.
• Alliteration : In alliteration, the same sound repeats in a group of words, such as the “ b ” sound in: “ B ob b rought the b ox of b ricks to the b asement.” Alliteration uses repetition to create a musical effect that helps phrases to stand out from the language around them.
• Assonance : The repetition of vowel sounds repeat in nearby words, such as the " ee " sound: "the squ ea ky wh ee l gets the gr ea se." Like alliteration, assonance uses repeated sounds to create a musical effect in which words echo one another.

Figurative Language vs. Imagery

Many people (and websites) argue that imagery is a type of figurative language. That is actually incorrect. Imagery refers to a writers use of vivid and descriptive language to appeal to the reader's senses and more deeply evoke places, things, emotions, and more. The following sentence uses imagery to give the reader a sense of how what is being described looks, feels, smells, and sounds:

The night was dark and humid, the scent of rotting vegetation hung in the air, and only the sound of mosquitoes broke the quiet of the swamp.

This sentence uses no figurative language. Every word means exactly what it says, and the sentence is still an example of the use of imagery. That said, imagery can use figurative language, often to powerful effect:

The night was dark and humid, heavy with a scent of rotting vegetation like a great-aunt's heavy and inescapable perfume, and only the whining buzz of mosquitoes broke the silence of the swamp.

In this sentence, the description has been made more powerful through the use of a simile ("like a great-aunt's..."), onomatopoeia ("whining buzz," which not only describes but actually sounds like the noise made by mosquitoes), and even a bit of alliteration in the " s ilence of the s wamp."

To sum up: imagery is not a form of figurative language. But a writer can enhance his or her effort to write imagery through the use of figurative language.

Figurative Language Examples

Figurative language is more interesting, lively, beautiful, and memorable than language that's purely literal. Figurative language is found in all sorts of writing, from poetry to prose to speeches to song lyrics, and is also a common part of spoken speech. The examples below show a variety of different types of figures of speech. You can see many more examples of each type at their own specific LitChart entries.

Figurative Language Example: Metaphor

Metaphor in shakespeare's romeo and juliet.

In Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet , Romeo uses the following metaphor in Act 2 Scene 2 of Romeo and Juliet , after sneaking into Juliet's garden and catching a glimpse of her on her balcony:

But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.

Romeo compares Juliet to the sun not only to describe how radiantly beautiful she is, but also to convey the full extent of her power over him. He's so taken with Juliet that her appearances and disappearances affect him like those of the sun. His life "revolves" around Juliet like the earth orbits the sun.

Figurative Language Example: Simile

In this example of a simile from Slaughterhouse-Five , Billy Pilgrim emerges from an underground slaughterhouse where he has been held prisoner by the Germans during the deadly World War II firebombing of Dresden:

It wasn't safe to come out of the shelter until noon the next day. When the Americans and their guards did come out, the sky was black with smoke. The sun was an angry little pinhead. Dresden was like the moon now , nothing but minerals. The stones were hot. Everybody else in the neighborhood was dead.

Vonnegut uses simile to compare the bombed city of Dresden to the moon in order to capture the totality of the devastation—the city is so lifeless that it is like the barren moon.

Figurative Language Example: Oxymoron

These lines from Chapter 7 of Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls describe an encounter between Robert Jordan, a young American soldier fighting in the Spanish Civil War, and his lover María.

She held herself tight to him and her lips looked for his and then found them and were against them and he felt her, fresh, new and smooth and young and lovely with the warm, scalding coolness and unbelievable to be there in the robe that was as familiar as his clothes, or his shoes, or his duty and then she said, frightenedly, “And now let us do quickly what it is we do so that the other is all gone.”

The couple's relationship becomes a bright spot for both of them in the midst of war, but ultimately also a source of pain and confusion for Jordan, as he struggles to balance his obligation to fight with his desire to live happily by Maria's side. The contradiction contained within the oxymoron "scalding coolness" emphasizes the couple's conflicting emotions and impossible situation.

Figurative Language Example: Hyperbole

Elizabeth Bennet, the most free-spirited character in Pride and Prejudice , refuses Mr. Darcy's first marriage proposal with a string of hyperbole :

From the very beginning, from the first moment I may almost say, of my acquaintance with you, your manners impressing me with the fullest belief of your arrogance, your conceit, and your selfish disdain of the feelings of others, were such as to form that ground-work of disapprobation, on which succeeding events have built so immoveable a dislike; and I had not known you a month before I felt that you were the last man in the world whom I could ever be prevailed on to marry.

Elizabeth's closing statement, that Darcy is the "last man in the world" whom she would ever marry, is an obvious hyperbole. It's hard to believe that Elizabeth would rather marry, say, an axe murderer or a diseased pirate than Mr. Darcy. Even beyond the obvious exaggeration, Austen's use of hyperbole in this exchange hints at the fact that Elizabeth's feelings for Darcy are more complicated than she admits, even to herself. Austen drops various hints throughout the beginning of the novel that Elizabeth feels something beyond mere dislike for Darcy. Taken together with these hints, Elizabeth's hyperbolic statements seem designed to convince not only Darcy, but also herself, that their relationship has no future.

Figurative Language Example: Personification

In Chapter 1 of The Scarlet Letter , Nathaniel Hawthorne describes a wild rose bush that grows in front of Salem's gloomy wooden jail:

But, on one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rose-bush, covered, in this month of June, with its delicate gems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom, in token that the deep heart of Nature could pity and be kind to him.

In the context of the novel's setting in 17th century Boston, this rose bush, which grows wild in front of an establishment dedicated to enforcing harsh puritan values, symbolizes those elements of human nature that cannot be repressed, no matter how strict a community's moral code may be: desire, fertility, and a love of beauty. By personifying the rosebush as "offering" its blossoms to reflect Nature's pity (Nature is also personified here as having a "heart"), Hawthorne turns the passive coincidence of the rosebush's location into an image of human nature actively resisting its constraints.

Figurative Language Example: Idiom

Figurative language example: onomatopoeia.

In Act 3, Scene 3 of Shakespeare's The Tempest , Caliban uses onomatopoeia to convey the noises of the island.

Be not afeard. The isle is full of noises, Sounds, and sweet airs that give delight and hurt not. Sometimes a thousand twangling instruments Will hum about mine ears, and sometime voices...

The use of onomatopoeia makes the audience feel the sounds on the island, rather than just have to take Caliban's word about there being noises.

Figurative Language Example: Synecdoche

In Act 4, Scene 3 of Shakespeare's Macbeth , an angry Macbeth kicks out a servant by saying:

Take thy face hence.

Here, "thy face" stands in for "you." Macbeth is simply telling the servant to leave, but his use of synecdoche makes the tone of his command more harsh and insulting because he uses synecdoche to treat the servant not as a person but as an object, a body part.

Figurative Language Example: Metonymy

In his song "Juicy," Notorious B.I.G. raps:

Now I'm in the limelight 'cause I rhyme tight

Here he's using "limelight" as a metonymy for fame (a "limelight" was a kind of spotlight used in old theaters, and so it came to be associated with the fame of being in the spotlight). Biggie's use of metonymy here also sets him up for a sweet rhyme.

Figurative Language Example: Alliteration

In his song "Rap God," Eminem shows his incredible lyrical dexterity by loading up the alliteration :

S o I wanna make sure, s omewhere in this chicken s cratch I S cribble and doodle enough rhymes T o maybe t ry t o help get s ome people through t ough t imes But I gotta k eep a few punchlines Just in c ase, ‘ c ause even you un s igned Rappers are hungry l ooking at me l ike it's l unchtime…

Why Do Writers Use Figurative Language?

The term figurative language refers to a whole host of different figures of speech, so it's difficult to provide a single definitive answer to why writers use figurative language. That said, writers use figurative language for a wide variety of reasons:

• Interest and beauty: Figurative language allows writes to express descriptions, ideas, and more in ways that are unique and beautiful.
• Complexity and power: Because figurative language can create meanings that go beyond the literal, it can capture complex ideas, feelings, descriptions, or truths that cause readers to see things in a new way, or more closely mirror the complex reality of the world.
• Visceral affect: Because figurative language can both impact the rhythm and sound of language, and also connect the abstract (say, love) with the concrete (say, a rose), it can help language make an almost physical impact on a reader.
• Humor: By allowing a writer to layer additional meanings over literal meanings, or even to imply intended meanings that are the opposite of the literal meaning, figurative language gives writers all sorts of options for creating humor in their writing.
• Realism: People speak and even think in terms of the sorts of comparisons that underlie so much figurative language. Rather than being flowery, figurative language allows writers to describe things in ways that match how people really think about them, and to create characters who themselves feel real.

In general, figurative language often makes writing feel at once more accessible and powerful, more colorful, surprising, and deep.

Other Helpful Figurative Language Resources

• The dictionary definition of figurative : Touches on figurative language, as well as some other meanings of the word.
• Figurative and Frost : Examples of figurative language in the context of the poetry of Robert Frost.
• Figurative YouTube : A video identifying various forms of figurative language from movies and television shows.
• Wikipedia on literal and figurative language : A bit technical, but with a good list of examples.

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8: Module 7: Figurative language and poetry

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• Page ID 87079

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• 8.1: Edgar Allan Poe, “The Raven,” 1845
• 8.2: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Selected Works, 1855
• 8.3: Theodore Roethke, “My Papa’s Waltz,” 1961
• 8.4: Reader-response to “My Papa’s Waltz”
• 8.5: Robert Frost, “The Lockless Door,” 1920
• 8.6: How to Analyze Poetry

Finding Joy in the Journey

A simple shift in perspective can enhance everyday experience..

Posted May 31, 2024 | Reviewed by Hara Estroff Marano

As May comes to an end, one can’t help but think of the old proverb, "April showers bring May flowers." For many, it is a struggle to see past the doldrums of the rain, thereby creating an unpleasant experience in the moment.

What if a simple perspective shift could profoundly change one’s journey in life? Recognizing that one’s perspective (and accordingly, one’s experience) is a personal choice can be an empowering shift, leading to a more extraordinary life.

Language matters. The human brain tries to deliver what it thinks its host wants. Quipping that "April showers bring May flowers" trains the brain to see April (and its showers) as something to persevere through to get to the May flowers. That perspective brings resistance with it, whether conscious or unconscious . This resistance introduces negativity.

What if, instead, one were to focus on the sheer joy of the showers themselves? Not as a way to get to the ultimate destination of flowers but, rather, as an exceptional experience in and of itself.

Imagine how much more fulfilling the experience would be if one trained the brain to appreciate the wildly divergent sound patterns that the rain brings—a symphony of music, changing tempo and tone moment to moment. What if one celebrated the dance of the raindrops as they hit different surfaces, creating art in the myriad unexpected patterns that emerge? And if one closed their eyes and breathed in the rich earthy smells the rain evokes, the experience would be elevated, bringing appreciation in the moment.

Rather than April showers being something to endure on the journey to May flowers, they would become a gift that brings joy in the journey.

How to Apply This Principle to Invoke a More Joyful Life

Taking that lens and expanding the scope, imagine the potential power of applying that principle to one’s life (i.e. training the brain to enjoy the journey at each step). It may seem counterintuitive at the outset, but, fortunately, it is an easy habit to develop.

Think of any task or series of tasks awaiting completion at the moment. Consider the steps required to complete these tasks. Rather than thinking of these as have-to-do items or hurdles to overcome, choose, instead, to appreciate each step of the journey en route to completion of that task. Recognize that this is, in fact, a choice.

The same choice arises when considering larger life goals . Everyone gets to determine where to put their focus and what meaning to attach to their thoughts. One can focus on the end goal, seeing each step in the process as a necessary evil to reach that goal. Or one can embrace those interim steps as moments to be fully experienced and enjoyed along the way.

Negotiating one’s mindset may be the most important negotiation undertaken in every moment of each day. When considering bigger life visions and dreams , one can see the steps along the path to that vision as a grind, a trial, a tribulation. Alternatively, one can choose mindful presence in each moment as one moves toward that vision.

Choose Joy in the Journey

How much more empowered will life’s adventures be if we train the brain to find the joy, to seek the beauty and gifts, to bask in gratitude in each moment?

Imagine how much better a life can be when one accepts that they hold the power to train their brain to seek more positive and uplifting evidence. Avoiding negative language and self-talk and, instead, choosing more positive framing of one’s daily path will train the brain to find evidence of this positivity. But the opposite is also true. Using negative language, even internally, will send messages to the brain to find evidence of this negative expectation.

Simple perspective shifts can be game changers in life. Why not choose to adopt one of these game changers now?

From attending to small tasks to relationship building, to building an empire, choose joy in the journey. How simple is that?

Cindy Watson, B.A., LLB, JD, is the founder of Women On Purpose and creator of Art of Feminine Negotiation programs. She’s an international speaker, award-winning author, master negotiator, and world-class empowerment coach/consultant.

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