modellismo tour eiffel

www.finescrollsaw.com

La torre eiffel.

The BEST Eiffel Tower Tours

The First floor of the Eiffel Tower is popular among travelers. It contains multiple restaurants, snack bars, and shops. You can easily spend a few hours on the first floor having lunch or drinks. You can also purchase tickets or a tour that includes the first floor with or without elevator access. The stairs will work out your legs but can be more pleasant than a crowded elevator in the hot summer. All of our Eiffel Tower tours will give you access to the first floor and we recommend spending time there during your day visit to have a refreshing beverage! The second floor is the most popular and provides stunning views. If you are highly athletic, you could walk up to the second floor but it is recommended to use the elevator for most people. On your way down, the stairs can be less crowded and easy from the second floor. The summit is the most desired floor and the hardest to get tickets for. We run an Eiffel Tower Summit tour which you'll want to book far in advance if you are to reserve spots.

Book tours and skip the Eiffel Tower lines with plenty of start times to choose from!

14 Tours Found

Price - Lowest First

Price - Highest First

Most reviewed

Most Popular

Paris in a Day Tour with Eiffel Tower, Louvre, and Seine River Cruise

See the Mona Lisa, Sacre-Coeur, and Moulin Rouge with organized transportation and an expert guide

Privileged Access Eiffel Tower Tour with Seine River Cruise

See beautiful Paris with second floor Eiffel Tower elevator tickets, a river cruise, and champagne

Eiffel Tower Climbing Tour with Summit Access

Get your steps in to the second floor before taking the elevator to the summit for epic Paris views

Premium Access Eiffel Tower Summit Tour with Seine River Cruise

Fulfill your bucket-list dream of viewing the City of Lights from the best spot in the city

Private Paris in a Day Tour with Louvre, Eiffel Tower, and Montmartre

See the most iconic Paris sites and cruise down the Seine in just a day with a dedicated local guide

Eiffel Tower Tickets with Exclusive Summit Access

Enhance your Eiffel Tower experience accessing the elevator and marvel at panoramic views of Paris

Skip the Line Eiffel Tower Tour with Seine River Cruise

Cruise past Paris' landmarks and the Eiffel Tower's famously long lines and enjoy elevator access

Private Eiffel Tower Tour with Champagne and Seine River Cruise

Join your own personal guide to see the beauty of Paris by boat and from the Eiffel Tower 2nd floor

Eiffel Tower Morning Tour with Summit Access

Ride the elevator to the top of the Eiffel Tower and admire the City of Light from above!

Semi Private Paris Day Tour with Eiffel Tower, Louvre, and Seine Cruise

Explore Montmartre and Latin Quarter neighborhoods and admire Mona Lisa in a group of 6

Paris by Segway 2-Hour Sightseeing Tour

Effortlessly discover the Louvre Museum, Arc de Triomphe, Eiffel Tower, and more

Guided Eiffel Tower Tour with Elevator and Summit Access

Take in the panoramic views of Paris with exclusive elevator access to the Summit

Thrilling Paris Monuments Tour by Sidecar Motorcycle

Join this two-hour excursion to see the Arc de Triomphe, the Dome des Invalides, and more

Eiffel Tower Access with Host

Explore the first and second floors of Paris’ most iconic landmark for striking views of the city

Should I take an Eiffel Tower Tour?

The Eiffel Tower is a megamonument in Paris, which means huge crowds and difficulty getting tickets. Tours take the guesswork out and local guides will make the experience more memorable. The tower platforms are complex and at times difficult to navigate. A guided experience improves everything!

Does every tour include a river cruise?

Many tours include river cruises, but you should read the inclusions to be sure.

Which Eiffel Tower tours do we recommend?

These are some of our favorites.

Privileged Access Eiffel Tower Night Tour with Seine River Cruise

Twilight Magic: Eiffel Tower Summit Tour with Seine River Cruise

Eiffel Tower Climbing Tour with Summit Access (Staff Favorite!)

Paris in a Day Tour (Eiffel from outside)

Do you need to walk the entire way up to the summit with the Eiffel Tower climbing tour ?

No. You walk up to the first and second floors. From there, you can take an elevator to the summit .

Are there tours where you visit the Eiffel Tower Summit without climbing?

Is a tour of the Eiffel Tower worth it?

That obviously depends on your interests and budget, but Eiffel Tower tours average a 4.7/5 rating which means most travelers feel they are a great value and worth it!

What is the best part about visiting the Eiffel Tower?

The views are very cool but the overall experience is great. There are shoppes inside, restaurants, and even a champagne bar at the summit!

How long should we spend at the Eiffel Tower?

Depending on how many levels you visit and if you'll get a meal or drink, 90 minutes should be the minimum amount of time. We do not recommend rushing through this experience. Explore, get a drink, eat if you're hungry, and try to stay in the moment.

Things to do in Paris

Paris Tours | Paris Catacombs Tours | Day Trips from Paris | Eiffel Tower Tours | Full Day Paris Tours | Half Day Paris Tours | Last Minute Paris Tours | Louvre Tours | Musee d'Orsay Tours | Paris Attractions | Paris Food Tours | Paris Museum Tours | Private Louvre Tours | Private Tours | Private Versailles Tours | Versailles Tours | Seine River Cruises | Montmartre Tours | Boat Tours in Paris | Normandy Tours | Paris Wine Tours | Normandy Tours from Paris

OUR BEST SELLING TOURS AT A GLANCE

Most Popular Tours

Ultimate palace of versailles tour from paris.

Breeze past the lines for the palace and gardens with a friendly English speaking guide

Privileged Entrance Vatican Tour with Sistine Chapel

Skip the line and gain direct access to the Raphael Rooms, Creation of Man, and St. Peter's Basilica

Special Access Colosseum Arena Floor Tour through the Gladiator's Gate

Walk in the footsteps of gladiators on the Colosseum floor and see the Roman Forum and Palatine Hill

St. Mark’s Basilica & Doge’s Palace Half-Day Tour with Gondola Ride

Explore St. Mark's Square's most iconic attractions with skip-the-line tickets and an expert guide

Secrets of the Louvre Museum Tour with Mona Lisa

Get to know Venus de Milo, Liberty Leading the People, and Napoleon's Coronation like never before

Semi-Private Vatican Tour with Sistine Chapel

Enjoy a premium and exclusive tour of the Raphael Rooms, St.Peter's Basilica, and more!

Ultimate Venice in a Day with Murano and Burano

Do more in a day: St. Mark's, Doge's Palace, glassblowing and lacemaking demos, and a gondola ride

Subscribe for New tours

All our destinations.

The Construction of the Eiffel Tower

Discover how the eiffel tower was built, eiffel tower.

Work began in January 26th, 1887 with the digging of the Tower's foundations, which were laid in four months.

Travaux de construction de la tour Eiffel - Poutrelles de base d'un pilier - Juillet 1887 by © Parisienne de photographie - Jacques Boyer / Roger-Viollet Eiffel Tower

The work started on July 1st, 1887 to end twenty-one months later.

All the elements were prepared in Eiffel’s factory in Levallois-Perret, on the outskirts of Paris. Each of the 18,000 pieces used to construct the Tower was specifically designed and calculated, traced out to an accuracy of a tenth of a millimetre and then put together to form new pieces, each measuring around five metres.

On site, a team of builders, who had worked on the great metal viaduct projects, was responsible for the 150 to 300 workers who assembled this gigantic Meccano set.

La tour Eiffel - Un poste de riveurs by © Collection tour Eiffel Eiffel Tower

All the metallic pieces on the Tower were fixed by rivet, this was a well known technique at the time of the construction.

First, the pieces were assembled on site using bolts, later to be replaced one by one with thermally assembled rivets, which contracted during cooling thus ensuring a very tight fit.

A team of four men was needed for each rivet assembled: one to heat it up, another to hold it in place, a third to shape the head and a fourth to beat it with a sledgehammer. Only a third of the 2,500,000 rivets used in the construction of the Tower were inserted directly on site.

The Tower is built with wooden scaffolds and small hoists directly fixed to the Tower. Image taken in January 1888.

A total of 12 temporary wooden scaffolds (30 m in height) and four larger scaffolds (45 m in height) were used to assemble the first floor.

Beginning of the second floor - June 1888

Above the second floor - September 1888

Above the middle floor - December 1888

Boulonnage du joint de deux arbalétriers (L'Exposition de Paris) by © Collection tour Eiffel Eiffel Tower

The journalist Emile Goudeau described the construction site at the beginning of 1889 accordingly: “A thick cloud of tar and coal smoke seized the throat, and we were deafened by the din of metal screaming beneath the hammer.  Over there, ..."

"... they were still working on the bolts: workmen with their iron bludgeons, perched on a ledge just a few centimetres wide, took turns at striking the bolts (these in fact were the rivets). One could have taken them for blacksmiths contentedly beating out a rhythm on an anvil in some village forge, except ..."

"... that these smiths were not striking up and down vertically, but horizontally, and as with each blow came a shower of sparks, these black figures, appearing larger than life against the background of the open sky, looked as if they were reaping lightning bolts in the clouds.”

La tour Eiffel prise du Champ-de-Mars - Exposition universelle de 1889 by © Parisienne de photographie - Neurdein / Roger-Viollet Eiffel Tower

It took just two years, two months and five days to build the Eiffel Tower. Construction work began in January 1887 and was finished on 31 March 1889.

A record speed considering the rudimentary means available at that time. The assembly of the Tower was a marvel of precision, as all the chroniclers of the period agreed.

On the narrow platform at the top, Gustave Eiffel was awarded the Légion d'Honneur.

The Tower's construction in a few figures: 18,038 metal parts ; 5,300 workshop drawings ; 50 engineers and draughtsmen ; 150 workers employed at the Levallois-Perret factory ; between 150 and 300 workers on the construction site ; 2,500,000 rivets ; 7,300 tonnes of iron ; 60 tonnes of paint.

The Eiffel Tower was now ready to receive its first visitors.

Conception—Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel

The birth of the Eiffel tower

The eiffel tower in 1900, the eiffel tower's inauguration and first visitors.

Various kit items

Arcadia Modellismo offers a wide selection of models to assemble, assembly kits such as the works of Leonardo Da Vinci, castles and much more from various brands such as Academy, Aedes Ars, Cobi, Italeri, Meccano, Miniart, Revell, Trumpeter, Tronico. Static collectible vintage and contemporary modeling.

Showing 1–20 of 57 results

Modellino Miniart GENERATOR PE-95 WITH FUEL TANKS KIT 1:35

Modellino Miniart LATHE MACHINE KIT 1:35

Modellino Zvezda AIRPLANE STAND FOR ALL SCALES 1:72 modellismo statico

Modellino modellismo scaffali Miniart SCAFFOLDINGS model KIT scala 1:35

Modellino Trumpeter TRENO DAMPFLOKOMOTIV BR 86 model KIT scala 1:35

Modellino accessori per modellismo da collezione Revell MODEL SET PLUS PAINTING

Modellino astronave star wars film Revell X-WING FIGHTER model KIT 1:57

Modellino Revell EXPRESS LOCOMOTIVE BR 02 & TENDER KIT 1:87

Modellino kit di montaggio TRENO Revell EXPRESS LOCOMOTIVE BR01 TENDER 1:87

Modellino auto camion Revell 3D PUZZLE COCA COLA TRUCK LED VERSION gioco

Modellino Miniart EUROPEAN AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR WITH CART KIT 1:35 modellismo statico collezione

Modellino Miniart CARGO TRAILER KIT 1:35 modellismo statico collezione

Modellino modellismo Miniart EUROPEAN TRAMCAR CREW & PASSENGERS model KIT 1:35

Modellino Miniart FRENCH CONCRETE ROAD SIGNS 1930-40s NORMANDY KIT 1:35 modellismo statico collezione

Modellino Miniart DUTCH TRAFFIC SIGNS 1930-40s KIT 1:35 modellismo statico collezione

Modellino modellismo kit di montaggio gioco Miniart 3 TON SERVICE CRANE KIT 1:35

Modellino Miniart GERMAN INDUSTRIAL TRACTOR D8511 MOD.1936 KIT 1:24

Modellino Miniart GERMAN TRAFFIC TRACTOR D8532 MOD.1950 KIT 1:24 modellismo statico collezione

Modellino modellismo Italeri LEONE MECCANICO LEONARDO DA VINCI cm 21

Modellino modellismo kit di montaggio gioco Italeri LEONARDO DA VINCI FLYING PENDULUM CLOCK DIM.BOX cm 31x21x6 KIT

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

"Tutto il ferro della torre Eiffel": postmoderno e tradizione in Michele Mari

2019, OBLIO, Anno IX, n. 33 – Primavera 2019

L'articolo analizza lo stile di Michele Mari, affrontando, con particolare riferimento al suo romanzo "Tutto il ferro della torre Eiffel", il nodo teoretico che riguarda il rapporto tra postmoderno, modernismo e tradizione in un significativo romanziere della letteratura italiana contemporanea.

Related Papers

Angela Bubba

Margit Lukácsi

Atti del Convegno di Italianistica del marzo 2015 Universitá di Istanbul

Riccardo Castellana

Il saggio esamina preliminarmente la produzione saggistica internazionale sulla biografia finzionale (biofiction), privilegiando il dibattito francese e nordamericano e individuando i principali problemi teorici e storiografici di questo genere ibrido (il concetto di fiction e la sua relazione con il discorso fattuale, le genealogie e le funzioni della biofiction, i rapporti con la cultura postmoderna). Nelle pagine successive è proposta una tipologia su base narratologica e quindi è discusso il problema della referenzialità. Il saggio si chiude con l’analisi di alcune biofiction italiane postmoderne e ipermoderne. **** The paper gives a preliminary examination of the international essayistic production about fictional biography (biofiction), with a particular focus on French and North American debates, and try to identifies some main theoretical and historiographical problems connected with this hybrid genre (e.g. the concept of fiction and its relation with factual discourse, genealogies and functions of the biofiction, relations with postmodern culture). Subsequently, the essay proposes a typology on the basis of narratological criteria, and then deals with the problem of referentiality. The paper ends with the analysis of some postmodernist and hypermodernist Italian biofictions.

OBLIO, VIII, 30-31

Simona Inserra , Ilaria Muoio

Daniele Comberiati

Francesca Medaglia

Progetto OBLIO, III, 11

Massimiliano Tortora

Alessandra Trevisan

Mosaico Italiano, ISSN 21759537

Mosaico Italiano , Andrea Santurbano , Patricia Peterle

Mappe cangianti e meta narrazioni del presente Il titolo di questo numero di Mosaico vuole essere un ringraziamento alla “lunga fedeltà” filologica, linguistica ed ermeneutica di Maria Antonietta Grignani ai testi della letteratura italiana moderna e contemporanea. Una mappa cangiante. Studi su lingua e stile di autori italiani contemporanei (Pacini editore, 2017) è difatti il suo ultimo libro su cui apriamo un dibattito sugli ultimi anni della prosa e della poesia italiana, grazie all’intervento di Paola Villani, prof.ssa ordinaria alla napoletana università Suor Orsola Benincasa. Allieva di Maria Corti, di cui per molti anni è stata l’erede come direttrice dell’autorevole Centro per la Tradizione Manoscritta di Autori Moderni e Contemporanei dell’Università di Pavia, docente in quella sede universitaria di Linguistica italiana e di Letteratura italiana contemporanea, la Grignani ha spaziato per gran parte delle nostre lettere otto-novecentesche, con uno sguardo sempre vigile al panorama contemporaneo, specie poetico. Tra gli altri, si è occupata di Eugenio Montale e di Beppe Fenoglio. Dirige attualmente, con Angelo Stella, la rivista «Autografo», voce del Centro Manoscritti, con significativi numeri monografici, di cui l’ultimo in ordine di tempo è quello dedicato, sempre a cura della Grignani e di Domenico Scarpa, a Natalia Ginzburg. Sottoscriviamo l’idea di mappa cangiante presentando in questo numero pagine di narrativa in autori emblematicamente molti distanti tra loro, Cacciapuoti, Mari, D’Avenia, Onorati, Petri, la testimonianza del medico di Lampedusa Pietro Bartolo, insieme ad esempi di autorevole metodologia ermeneutica: con la Grignani, Emerico Giachery, impegnato, in un dialogo Maestro-Allievo con Carmine Chiodo (docente Associato Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”) ad esplicitare le sue passioni sintoniche di interprete e Andrea Gialloreto, tra i migliori studiosi provenienti dall’Accademia (docente Associato all’Università degli Studi di Chieti) capaci di padroneggiare le mappe cangianti con finezza e autorità, come nell’ultima fatica sulla contemporaneità: Tra fiction e non-fiction. Metanarrazioni del presente, Franco Cesati editore, 2017. «Nell’assenza di scuole o poetiche dominanti, i percorsi si intrecciano per affinità o meglio per poligenesi »: la Grignani ci introduce nel percorso senza parametri precostituiti, attorno ad una costellazioni di problematiche critiche corrispondenti ad altrettanti topoi. A cominciare dall’io, “sliricato e spatriato”, ma in definitiva nascosto e riaffiorante, tra spinte avanguardistiche e ritorno, travestito, alla tradizione, come la splendida introduzione al lungo percorso del volume, di cui mi piace segnalare almeno i due capitoli su Sereni e la sosta sugli echi novecenteschi di Dante. Buona lettura e buon 2018 a tutti i lettori dalla direzione di Mosaico INDICE Il ferro e i golem. Michele Mari e l’inventario della modernità Andrea Gialloreto La provincia come teatro della narrazione della realtà Massimo Cacciapuoti LAMPEDUSA: IL PORTO DEI DESTINI SOSPESI RACCONTATO DA PIETRO BARTOLO Debora Vitulli Maria Antonietta Grignani, Una mappa cangiante. Studi su lingua e stile di autori italiani Paola Villani Un modello di ermeneutica: la passione sintonica di Emerico Giachery Carmine Chiodo Romana Petri e il suo rapporto con la lingua e la cultura portoghese: “Amore a prima vista” Giovanni Zambito Ciò che sai amare rimane. D’Avenia e il femminile. Il racconto di una presentazione alla Feltrinelli di Roma Camilla Fabretti e Federica Trapani Il microcosmo di Onorati Lior Levy Rubrica Odio e amore Francesco Alberoni PASSATEMPO Gennaio 2018 Editora Comunità Rio de Janeiro - Brasil www.comunitaitaliana.com [email protected] Direttore responsabile Pietro Petraglia Editori Andrea Santurbano Fabio Pierangeli Patricia Peterle Revisore Elena Santi Grafico Wilson Rodrigues

RELATED PAPERS

Aquatic Botany

Lance Aspden

Creative Research Journal

Anita Safitri

Faṣlnāmah-i Pizhūhish/hā-yi Rāhburdī-i Siyāsat

ghasem misaei

Economic Geology

Khin Susu Khine Zaw

Applied Optics

Guilherme Temporão

American journal of industrial medicine

Roberta Ray

hgjtrgg hjjghyfg

Polymer Bulletin

Nabeela Ameer

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

Xavier Coumoul

Debbie Suggitt

Lexitah Chaoh

Eka Murat Yusriansyah

The Journal of Derivatives

Phelim Boyle

ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B

Denis DiAngelo

Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie

Mikhail Vener

International Journal of Pediatrics

Sombat Tapanya

Parasites & vectors

Tamás Görföl

The Imaging Science Journal

Reza Zoroofi

Antonio Gámiz Gordo

RELATED TOPICS

•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024

• Eiffel Tower

A unique electro show at the Eiffel Tower with Michael Canitrot to mark the centenary of Gustave Eiffel's death.

To mark the centenary of Gustave Eiffel's death, the Eiffel Tower invited artist Michael Canitrot and his "Monumental Tour" concept for an exceptional collaboration, offering a rediscovery of the monument through a unique fusion of heritage, electronic music, light shows and artistic performances. On December 27, 2023, the anniversary of Gustave Eiffel's death, this audio-visual concert was broadcast on television and social networks. More than 10 million people around the world enjoyed the show. For this show, Michael Canitrot presented an artistic performance in the heart of the Iron Lady: a spellbinding DJ set oscillating between melodic techno and progressive house, accompanied by a 360° light and laser installation, with the participation of several guest artists such as the "Spectre" choir, mezzo-soprano singer Yana Mann, contemporary dancer Ablaye Diop, and pianist Yann Dulché, fusing electro beats and classical notes. Award-winning actor Philippe Torreton also lent his voice to Gustave Eiffel, offering a moving interpretation to guide spectators on this sonic and visual journey. An original creation that puts the monument in a new light, while paying tribute to Gustave Eiffel's audacity and creative genius, and to the dreams of universalism carried by the most famous of towers.

Other works

Repetitsiya

Également populaires auprès des voyageurs

REPETITSIYA (Moscou): Ce qu'il faut savoir pour votre visite (avec critiques)

Stand out from the crowd with our advertising deals!

• Free Fun Calendar
• More Family Fun
• Things To Do
• Texas Travel
• Keep Austin Weird
• Submit an event

• Today’s Events
• Music & Shows
• Film & TV
• Wild & Weird
• Eat & Drink

Here’s How To Have A Euro Trip Without Ever Leaving Texas

This meme posted by @dontdallasmyaustin on Instagram gave us a bit of inspiration. We can’t visit Europe this summer, but we could perhaps visit some European cities in Texas. And we’re all very well aware that Texas is larger than many European countries.

You can have a Euro Trip by visiting these European cities in Texas!

Located in Ellis County, Italy, Texas was named after the country by a settler who had visited the European country. We couldn’t locate any other nods to its namesake while researching. However, we did discover that they list Dale Evans, wife of Roy Rogers, as a notable person on the town’s Wikipedia page (she was born in Uvalde though).

Located not quite as far from Austin, Florence is situated near Georgetown in Williamson County. However, according to the “Handbook of Texas Online” the origin of the town’s name is uncertain: it may have derived from Florence, Alabama, an early home of the first postmaster, or it may refer to Florence Brooks, the daughter of the town’s first merchant.

The Northeast Texas town follows the tradition of American cities named Paris by featuring a 65-foot replica of the Eiffel Tower in the town square. In 1998, presumably as a response to the 1993 construction of a 60-foot tower in Paris, Tennessee, the city placed a giant red cowboy hat atop its tower.

But if you really want to experience french life, head to Castroville , a quaint town with a French heritage unique to Texas. Nestled on the bank of the Medina River just 20 miles west of San Antonio, Castroville was founded in 1844 by Henri Castro, a French empresario and close associate of Sam Houston. Castro recruited many of the colonists for his new town from the Alsace region of northeastern France. Over the years, these settlers would build a community that more closely resembled a European village than a frontier town in Texas.

Located in Polk County, Moscow had approximately 170 residents as of the year 2000. We can’t imagine it’s grown much since. At one time, however, Moscow was a flourishing town with saloons, hotels, and mule-drawn street cars. The community was named for the city in Russia after postal authorities refused to accept the townspeople’s first choice, which was Greensboro. There was already a post office in the state with a similar name.

New Berlin is the County Seat of Guadalupe County. It was founded in 1868 by German immigrants who came to the area and was named after the German capital. As of 2010, the population was just over 500.

If you really want to visit a German inspired town, these next two are where you should go. Named after Prince Frederick of Prussia, Fredericksburg was founded in 1846 and is notable as the home of Texas German, a dialect spoken by the first generations of German settlers who initially refused to learn English. It is the sister city of Montabaur, Germany and is officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas.

Fredericksburg shares many cultural characteristics with  New Braunfels , which was established by Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels one year earlier. The seat of Comal County is well known throughout the state as it is home to Schlitterbahn, Gruene , the Guadalupe and Comal rivers, and Wurstfest, a German-style sausage festival held every November.

Vienna , Texas is a teeny tiny town in Lavaca County with a population one can assume is under 50 (it was 40 as of the year 2000). The city was founded in 1840 but it wasn’t until after the Civil War when German and Bohemian immigrants began to settled here. Most every structure in Vienna was washed away in a 1940 flood of the Navidad.

Just a short drive from both Dallas and Tyler, Athens is the “home of the hamburger.” The County Seat of Henderson County, Athens was established in April, 1846, four months after Texas was annexed by the United States. History claims that a man known as Uncle Fletcher Davis created the first hamburger in the late 1880s at a small café on the downtown square. According to legend, Uncle Fletch took his sandwich to the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis where the sandwich was first introduced. The McDonald’s Hamburger University has given this historic evidence their stamp of approval and in 2006 a bill was introduced into the Texas Legislature to make Athens, Texas, “Original Home of the Hamburger.” Athens also claims to be the “Black Eyed Pea Capitol.”

United Kingdom

Located in Kimble County, London was established in the late 1870s or early 1880s by a horse trader and former Union Army officer. There’s also a town in Rusk County called New London . The 2015 historical novel “Out of Darkness” by Ashley Hope Pérez depicts New London in the 1930s.

Named after the city of Liverpool in England, there’s not much to see in Liverpool , Texas as it’s mostly just land.

The county seat of Hidalgo County, Edinburg is located in the Rio Grande Valley region. Originally named Chapin, it was renamed when Dennis Chapin was involved in the shooting death of Oscar J. Rountree at the Dan Breen Saloon in San Antonio. The community changed its name to “Edinburg” to honor John Young, a prominent businessman who was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. No idea why the ‘h’ wasn’t included.

Dublin is the official Irish Capital of Texas as Governor Rick Perry signed a bill that designates that in 2005. The town is the former home of the world’s oldest  Dr Pepper  bottling plant. The plant was for many years the only U.S. source for Dr Pepper made with real cane sugar (from Texas-based Imperial Sugar). The Dublin Bottling Works no longer produced Dr. Pepper but it does continue to make various other sugar-sweetened soda products.

Netherlands

Nederland , Texas is a part of an area known as “the Golden Triangle,”which comprises Beaumont, Port Arthur, and Orange. Nederland was founded in 1897 by Dutch settlers as a repayment for financial services of Dutch bankers who financed the Kansas City Southern railroad line that runs through the center of the city. The Dutch Windmill Museum is an authentic replica of a Dutch windmill. Built in 1969, it was created to honor the settlers from the Netherlands that founded Nederland. In present day, it makes for a lovely Instagram photo. The museum is located in Tex Ritter Park.

You can also go to Holland , Texas although it’s named after an early settler, not the European city.

Egypt is the oldest community in Wharton County. Originally called Mercer’s Crossing, people started referring to the area as Egypt after they began providing corn to others in the drought-stricken area. The name is actually a biblical reference.

New Sweden is located just five miles northeast of Manor in Travis County. The community was established in 1873 and the first pioneers of this settlement came from the historic Swedish province of Småland. The community is most known for its gorgeous New Sweden Lutheran Church.

So there you have it! A driving tour of the European cities in Texas! Did we miss a city? Send us a DM and Facebook or Instagram and we’ll add it in.

Featured photo via @txhistcomm on Instagram.

• Share on Tumblr

• castroville ,
• european cities in texas ,
• Fredericksburg ,
• liverpool ,
• nederland ,
• new braunfels ,
• road trips ,
• texas road trip ,
• texas road trips

Latest news

Posts you may also like

We Are Austin's Web Address. If It's Interesting or Happening In Austin We Cover It On Austin.com.

Join the Community!

Texas Kids Adventures

Texas Road Trip Through Europe Towns A= Paris, TX; B= Athens, TX; C= Moscow, TX; D= Berlin, TX; E= Vienna, TX; F= London, TX; G= Florence, TX; H= Holland, TX; I= Dublin, TX, J= Italy, TX

Texas has some uniquely-named towns, such as Cut-and-Shoot, Loco, Trout, Oatmeal, Ding Dong, Bacon, Noodle, Tarzan, Salty, Telephone, Energy, Coffee City, Quicksand, Gun Barrell City, and has its own Utopia as well as Uncertain.  

As settlers emigrated to Texas, they brought some European names to pay homage to their mother countries, including Paris, Athens, Moscow, Berlin, Vienna, London, Florence, Holland, Dublin and Italy.   Fortunately for Texans, this makes a fun road trip to explore Texas towns with European names.  Even better, you won’t need a passport.  If you haven’t heard of these town before, it’s probably because most are very small and lost population and industries as larger cities grew. 

The Eiffel Tower of Texas.  Photo credit.

Let’s begin our tour in Paris, Texas , complete with its own 65 foot Eiffel Tower with a red cowboy hat perched on top.  It’s the second largest Eiffel Tower in the world, and is around one-tenth the height of the original at 1,063 feet.  Stop by the Paris Bakery for French pastries as you explore downtown Paris and the Lamar County courthouse.  The Lamar County Historical Museum  has artifacts from the local area, including a blacksmith shop, pioneer kitchen and pioneer cabin.  Kids can stretch their legs at the Paris Downtown Community Park splash park and outdoor musical instruments.  Check out the Paris events including Tour de Paris Bicycle Rally and the Paris Balloon & Music Festival .  

Zipliner above the trees at New York, Texas Zipline Adventures.

Enjoy the rolling hills and piney woods on your road trip journey to Athens, Texas.  It was named by the stepdaughter of a founding father who had a vision that Athens would become the cultural center in Henderson county like the one in Greece.   Athens holds the title of the official “Original Home of the Hamburger”, created in the late 1880s at a downtown Athens café and introduced at the 1904 World’s State Fair in St Louis.  Athens is also known as the Black-eyed Pea Capital of the World. 

The Texas Freshwater Fisheries Center is a production hatchery for stocking fish into Texas waterways and an educational center to learn about native species and ecosystems.  Visit over 300,000 gallons of indoor and outdoor aquariums to see many native fish, waterfowl, amphibians and alligators.  Learn about ecosystems and fishing at the museum and wetlands trail. 

The East Texas Arboretum & Botanical Society is 100 acres of trees, flowers and wildlife.  The two mile rugged nature trail along spring-fed streams reveal untouched animal habitats and ecosystems.  The handicap-accessible trail is 1/3 of a mile.  Wear comfortable walking shoes and bring binoculars.  

Just 15 minutes away, New York, Texas Zipline Adventures offers zipline tours for ages 5 and up.  Zip through the treetops at over 100 feet above the ground.  

Lake Livingston State Park kayaking   Photo credit

Moscow, Texas There’s not much in this small town of less than 200 residents.  Stop by Johnson’s Rock Shop to find gemstones, minerals, petrified wood, and jewelry.  Polk County Memorial Museum is a small museum with history of Polk County with old maps.  Lake Livingston State Park located just 15 minutes away, on Hwy 59 on the way to Berlin.

Berlin, Texas A German settlement from the late 1840s with a cotton gin and gristmill, this town only 3 miles from Brenham and is included in their population numbers.  Berlin was founded in 1860 by German settlers.  There is also a Texas town called New Berlin in Guadalupe county.

Vienna, Texas With a population under 50, this is a tiny town once had a gin and sawmill as immigrants settled along the Navidad River.  When the Navidad flooded in 1940, structures were washed away.

Florence, Texas main street.  Photo credit.

London, Texas London is also known as London Town in the 1880s, and is home to the historic London Dance Hall with live music and dances.    Enjoy the beauty of rolling hills, oak trees and wildflowers as you enjoy the best of the Texas Hill Country in Boerne, Comfort, Fredericksburg and Kerrville area.   Nearby attractions include the Ft. McKavett State Historical Site and South Llano River State Park. 

Florence, Texas This small town established in the early 1850s had a railroad with wheat, cotton and cattle industries which led to a corn mill, blacksmith leather goods production, and eventually a hotel, saloon, flour mill.  Area attractions include lakes and rivers for water recreation and fishing.

Hill country, Fredericksburg, Texas.  Photo credit.

Holland, Texas

Holland is home to the one and only Corn Fest , an annual festival of music, 5K run, parade, and themed contests such as corn eating, corn shucking, corn bobbing, corn seed spitting, corn cob relay, corn hole and the world championship corn cob throw.  While it was cancelled in 2020, this sounds like a shucking good time you won’t want to miss for 2021.   You could leave there as a world champion!  

Dublin, Texas The Official Irish Capital of Texas, Dublin bottled Dr. Pepper for over 100 years.   This small town has plenty to explore including museums, shopping, market days, and homemade cheese and wines.  The Dublin St. Patrick’s Day Celebration includes pageants, parades, craft and food vendors, dog contests and shopping.   Dublin has a monthly Farmers Markets for fresh produce.

Italy Known as the “Biggest Little Town in Texas,” this town was named by the postmaster who thought the climate was similar to Italy.   This settlement from the 1860s had a railroad, five cotton gins, and a cottonseed oil mill.  This old cotton town now has some vintage and antique shopping and dining.

Downtown Italy, Texas

On your Texas Road Trip Through Europe Towns, you can brag to your friends about seeing towns that they probably never knew were in Texas.  You can imagine the hustle and bustle of these towns during the cotton and farming boom, and see the grand buildings that remain.  You will see backroads, woodlands, lakes and rivers, rolling hills, and beautiful scenery along the way.    When given the choice between the interstate and the backroads, always choose the backroads.  

Join our Texas Kids Adventures newsletter of curated travel to reveal kid-friendly places to visit, the best things to do, exciting events, family resorts and trip guides to create family memories.

The Eiffel Tower Laboratory

The Eiffel Tower was supposed to be destroyed only 20 years after its construction. To remedy the situation, Gustave Eiffel had the ingenious idea of crediting it with a scientific purpose – the Tower was saved!

• Des études d'aérodynamisme
• Actuellement depuis la tour Eiffel

The Tower’s Scientific Uses

From the presentation of his project in 1886, Gustave Eiffel knew then that only the Tower’s scientific uses could protect it from its adversaries and prolong its lifespan.

Initially, it was supposed to be destroyed after 20 years ! He therefore specified the Tower’s purpose: meteorological and astronomical observations, physics experiments, a strategic vantage point, an optical telegraph communications point, a beacon for electric lighting and wind studies. Gustave Eiffel stated, “It will be for everyone an observatory and a laboratory the likes of which has never before been available to science. It is the reason why, from day one, all of our scientists have encouraged me with their utmost sympathies.  

Indeed, from 1889, the Eiffel Tower was used as a laboratory of measurements and scientific experiments . Considerable scientific apparatus was installed (barometers, anemometers, lightning conductors etc.). Moreover, Gustave Eiffel set himself an office aside on the third floor to make astronomical and physiological observations.

Aerodynamic studies

On the day after the Tower’s very inauguration, Gustave Eiffel installed a meteorology laboratory on the 3 rd  floor.  He also had a passion for aerodynamics and carried out a series of observations on gravity (leading to the installation from 1903 to 1905 of gravity instruments). He imagined “an automatic system that would slide along the length of a cable stretched between the Tower’s 2nd floor and the ground.” He had a wind tunnel built at the foot of the Tower, and from the month of August 1909 to December 1911, he carried out five thousand trials. Additionally, Gustave Eiffel encouraged numerous scientific experiments on the Tower: Foucault’s Pendulum, the mercury pressure gauge, physiological studies and radio contact (1898).  In the end, it was to be the Tower's role as an enormous antenna that would save it from destruction.

The names of the 72 scientists listed on the borders of each of the four sides of the Eiffel Tower

These 72 scientists were engraved by Gustave Eiffel in homage to the men of science. Having disappeared during a painting campaign at the beginning of the century, they were restored in 1986 and 1987.

The 72 Savants

Face Trocadéro

1. Seguin (Mécanicien) 2. Lalande (Astronome) 3. Tresca (Ingénieur et mécanicien) 4. Poncelet (Géomètre) 5. Bresse (Mathématicien) 6. Lagrange (Géomètre) 7. Belanger (Mathématicien) 8. Cuvier (Naturaliste) 9. Laplace (Astronome et mathématicien) 10. Dulong (Physicien) 11. Chasles (Géomètre) 12. Lavoisier (Chimiste) 13. Ampere (Mathématicien et physicien) 14. Chevreul (Chimiste) 15. Flachat (Ingénieur) 16. Navier (Mathématicien) 17. Legendre (Géomètre) 18. Chaptal (Agronome et chimiste)

Face Ecole Militaire

37. Cauchy (Mathématicien) 38. Belgrand (Ingénieur) 39. Regnault (Chimiste et physicien) 40. Fresnel (Physicien) 41. De Prony (Ingénieur) 42. Vicat (Ingénieur) 43. Ebelmen (Chimiste) 44. Coulomb (Physicien) 45. Poinsot (Mathématicien) 46. Foucault (Physicien) 47. Delaunay (Astronome) 48. Morin (Mathématicien et physicien) 49. Haüy (Minéralogiste) 50. Combes (Ingénieur et métallurgiste) 51. Thénard (Chimiste) 52. Arago (Astronome et physicien) 53. Poisson (Mathématicien) 54. Monge (Géomètre)

Face Grenelle

19. Jamin (Physicien) 20. Gay-Lussac (Chimiste) 21. Fizeau (Physicien) 22. Schneider (Industriel) 23. Le Chatelier (Ingénieur) 24. Berthier (Minéralogiste) 25. Barral (Agronome, chimiste, physicien) 26. De Dion (Ingénieur) 27. Goüin (Ingénieur et industriel) 28. Jousselin (Ingénieur) 29. Broca (Chirurgien) 30. Becquerel (Physicien) 31. Coriolis (Mathématicien) 32. Cail (Industriel) 33. Triger (Ingénieur) 34. Giffard (Ingénieur) 35. Perrier (Géographe et mathématicien) 36. Sturm (Mathématicien)

55. Petiet (Ingénieur) 56. Daguerre (Peintre et physicien) 57. Wurtz (Chimiste) 58. Le Verrier (Astronome) 59. Perdonnet (Ingénieur) 60. Delambre (Astronome) 61. Malus (Physicien) 62. Breguet (Physicien et constructeur) 63. Polonceau (Ingénieur) 64. Dumas (Chimiste) 65. Clapeyron (Ingénieur) 66. Borda (Mathématicien) 67. Fourier (Mathématicien) 68. Bichat (Anatomiste et physiologiste) 69. Sauvage (Mécanicien) 70. Pelouze (Chimiste) 71. Carnot (Mathématicien) 72. Lamé (Géomètre)

The Eiffel Tower and the History of Broadcasting

Gustave Eiffel knew that the scientific uses of the Tower could prolong its lifespan. The Eiffel Tower was actually supposed to be dismantled after 20 years! That is why he allowed numerous scientific experiments to be carried out – meteorological and astronomical observations, physics, air resistance, etc.

He succeeded in saving his Tower by putting it forward as a monumental support antenna for wireless broadcasting.

The First Wireless Telegraphic Contact Led By Eugène Ducretet

On the 5th November 1898, Eugène Ducretet carried out the first wireless telegraphy trials between the Eiffel Tower and the Pantheon (a distance of 4 km). The transmitter was installed at the top of the Tower. In 1899, the waves crossed the Channel for the first time.

In 1903, Gustave Eiffel, fascinated by scientific experiments, was still searching for a way to save “his” Tower, whose concession from the City of Paris was to come to an end 6 years later. He suggested to Captain Gustave Ferrié, then responsible for studying the military applications of wireless transmission, that he use the Tower for his experiments. He financed this operation, which enabled transmission and reception over 400 km. The Department of Military Engineering authorised Captain Ferrié to install antennas on the Tower. He set himself up in a wooden shelter next to the Southern Pillar.

In 1909, the underground military radiotelegraphy station was set up. The strategic interest in the Tower had been demonstrated and the City of Paris renewed Gustave Eiffel’s concession on the 1st January 1910.

Experiment on Wireless Telegraphy

In 1913, the Tower sent telegrams using electrical waves to as far as America and to ships making the crossing in a radius of 6,000 km.

Wireless Transmission during the First World War

In 1914, during the Battle of the Marne, the Tower’s radiotelegraphic station learnt that General Von Marwitz, Commander of the right wing of the German Army, was having administrative problems and as a result was halting his advance.

This crucial information enabled the French command to organise a victorious counter-attack (the Taxis de la Marne).

Thanks to the Eiffel Tower’s station, important enemy radio telegrams, sometimes concealed by a commercial appearance in neutral countries’ programmes, were deciphered. Spies were exposed, among them Mata Hari.

The First Radio Programmes

From 1921, at first as an experiment, a civilian transmitter broadcast music programmes, columns, and lastly the "Journal Parlé" (spoken news) from 1925, picked up by amateurs on simple crystal radio sets. Radio Tour-Eiffel   was well-known to Parisians at the time.

Experimental programmes were organised and performers were invited to them, such as Sacha Guitry and Yvonne Printemps.

The Beginnings of Television

In 1935, a television studio was set up in rue de Grenelle and the Eiffel Tower transmitter began to operate. From 60 lines at the beginning of the installation, they then passed to a high definition of 180 lines.

On the 2 nd  June 1953, thanks to the Eiffel Tower’s transmitter, television showed the whole of France the celebrations for the Queen of England’s coronation live. This was the beginning of Eurovision.

The Tower Has Grown with Television’s Progress

In 1957, live satellite dishes were installed, providing the three television channels’ programmes using 819 lines, along with the frequency modulation radio transmitter. The new antenna made the Eiffel Tower reach a height of 320.75 metres.

In 2000, a new UHF (Ultra High Frequency) antenna led to another modification in the Tower’s height, which was now 324 m.

In 2010, considerable work on the TDF equipment has been done to prepare for the complete changeover to digital television in Ile-de-France.

• Number of TV channels broadcast: 30
• Number of radio stations: 32
• Partager sur X

On the same theme

Has a term escaped you? Do you want to impress your friends at a dinner ? Consult our dictionary of technical terms for all there is to know about the jargon concerning the Tower. 

Art and the Eiffel Tower

From the beginning the Tower was an attraction, but in the 1920s it became a symbol of modernity and the avant-garde. Little by little, its image was associated with Paris, until it even became its worldwide symbol.

Eiffel tower facts, height & weight

An object of discord, desire and fascination, the Eiffel Tower never fails to impress. Enriched by a history full of new developments, here you can discover all of its key information.

• Prices & Times
• Haut de page

Saturday, June 01, 2024 3:30 am (Paris)

Tunisia, the target of Moscow's growing attentions

Russian aircraft landings on the island of Djerba are just one sign of Russia's multi-faceted entry strategy on Tunisian territory.

By  Frédéric Bobin and Nissim Gasteli

• Share on Twitter
• Share on Messenger
• Share on Facebook
• Share by email
• Share on Linkedin

Subscribers only

Has Djerba airport, a tourist haven in southeast Tunisia, recently been the scene of unusual Russian air movements? The question provoked a certain degree of nervousness among observers of regional strategic balances following the publication, on Sunday, May 19, of an article in the Italian daily La Repubblica reporting that "Russian military" aircraft had landed on the island located 130 kilometers from the Libyan border, "in recent days."

While Tunisian authorities remained silent on the subject, Moscow issued a statement on Monday from its embassy in Libya – not in Tunisia – dismissing La Repubblica's reports as "lies" and "falsifications." Tunisia has traditionally been tied to the Western camp – its army has close ties to the United States – and a possible pro-Russian evolution in the country would certainly mark a break, albeit a very theoretical one at this stage. The autocratic drift of President Kais Saied, a regular scorner of Western "diktats," has nonetheless created a "porosity" and "permeability" to the prevailing rhetoric in Moscow, in the words of a European observer in Tunis.

"There have indeed been landings [of Russian aircraft in Djerba], but we don't know their nature," said a Western diplomatic source. According to unconfirmed reports circulating in security analyst circles in Tunis, these were civilian "cargo planes" and "charters," not the military aircraft mentioned by La Repubblica . According to the same sources, some of these aircraft carried Russians affiliated to the former Wagner security company (renamed Africa Corps), who had come to relax on Djerba.

Other aircraft were said to have stopped off to refuel. These comings and goings of Russian aircraft on the Tunisian island have been reported for about a year. According to many analysts, they are not unrelated to the new deployment of Russian influence in the Sahel and Libya, even if the actual military dimension is still absent.

Maritime movements

This information, albeit fragmentary and imprecise, on air movements in Djerba testifies to Moscow's discreet involvement in Tunisia. It can also be linked to certain maritime movements, notably those of the Russian cargo ship Mekhanik Makarin – placed under US sanctions since the war in Ukraine – which anchored in the Tunisian port of Sousse at the end of March, on its way back to Murmansk after cruising off Benghazi (eastern Libya). According to maritime tracking sites, the vessel is now on its way back to the Mediterranean, with a scheduled stopover in Sfax around June 8.

You have 55.03% of this article left to read. The rest is for subscribers only.

Lecture du Monde en cours sur un autre appareil.

Vous pouvez lire Le Monde sur un seul appareil à la fois

Ce message s’affichera sur l’autre appareil.

Parce qu’une autre personne (ou vous) est en train de lire Le Monde avec ce compte sur un autre appareil.

Vous ne pouvez lire Le Monde que sur un seul appareil à la fois (ordinateur, téléphone ou tablette).

Comment ne plus voir ce message ?

En cliquant sur «  Continuer à lire ici  » et en vous assurant que vous êtes la seule personne à consulter Le Monde avec ce compte.

Que se passera-t-il si vous continuez à lire ici ?

Ce message s’affichera sur l’autre appareil. Ce dernier restera connecté avec ce compte.

Y a-t-il d’autres limites ?

Non. Vous pouvez vous connecter avec votre compte sur autant d’appareils que vous le souhaitez, mais en les utilisant à des moments différents.

Vous ignorez qui est l’autre personne ?

Nous vous conseillons de modifier votre mot de passe .

Lecture restreinte

Votre abonnement n’autorise pas la lecture de cet article

Pour plus d’informations, merci de contacter notre service commercial.