nba inbound travel

Here we see an example of a legal gather and a shot. The offensive player gathers the ball with his right foot on the ground and is allowed two steps in any direction. Rule 4 Section III – The Gather and Rule 10 Section XIII – Traveling (b).

Boston Celtics @ Dallas Mavericks | February 23, 2021 | Traveling

Section XIII—Traveling

• A player who receives the ball while standing still may pivot, using either foot as the pivot foot.
• The first step occurs when a foot, or both feet, touch the floor after gaining control of the ball.
• The second step occurs after the first step when the other foot touches the floor, or both feet touch the floor simultaneously.
• A player who comes to a stop on step one when both feet are on the floor or touch the floor simultaneously may pivot using either foot as his pivot. If he jumps with both feet he must release the ball before either foot touches the floor.
• A player who lands with one foot first may only pivot using that foot.
• A progressing player who jumps off one foot on the first step may land with both feet simultaneously for the second step. In this situation, the player may not pivot with either foot and if one or both feet leave the floor the ball must be released before either returns to the floor.
• In starting a dribble after (1) receiving the ball while standing still, or (2) coming to a legal stop, the ball must be out of the player’s hand before the pivot foot is raised off the floor.
• If a player, with the ball in his possession, raises his pivot foot off the floor, he must pass or shoot before his pivot foot returns to the floor. If he drops the ball while in the air, he may not be the first to touch the ball.
• A player who falls to the floor while holding the ball, or while coming to a stop, may not gain an advantage by sliding.
• A player who attempts a field goal may not be the first to touch the ball if it fails to touch the backboard, basket ring or another player.
• A player may not be the first to touch his own pass unless the ball touches his back- board, basket ring or another player.
• PENALTY: Loss of ball. The ball is awarded to the opposing team on the sideline, nearest spot of the violation but no nearer the baseline than the foul line extended.

Gather vs Travel

This is another example of a legal gather and shot. Giannis gathers the ball with his left foot and is allowed two step in any direction.

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Nba to better define traveling rule, increase enforcement, explain rule to players, fans.

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DENVER, CO - NOVEMBER 21: Referee Gary Zielinski #59 makes a traveling call as the New Orleans Pelicans face the Denver Nuggets at Pepsi Center on November 21, 2014 in Denver, Colorado. The Nuggets defeated the Pelicans 117-97. NOTE TO USER: User expressly acknowledges and agrees that, by downloading and or using this photograph, User is consenting to the terms and conditions of the Getty Images License Agreement. (Photo by Doug Pensinger/Getty Images)

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Gather and two steps.

That is how the NBA has defined the traveling rule for many years now. A player can take a step if he is in the process of “gathering” a dribble or pass, then has two steps. Players such as James Harden have stretched that to the limit, frustrating opponents and non-Rockets fans, but it’s legal.

This is a legal play. Although James puts the ball behind his back, he only takes two steps after the gather of the ball and therefore it is NOT a travel. https://t.co/i1hU3b4zuQ — NBA Official (@NBAOfficial) October 10, 2018

Now the NBA is looking to better define that “gather” step, then crackdown on enforcement of the rule. With that will come an education program for everyone from players to fans. All of this was approved at the NBA’s Board of Governors’ meeting in New York on Friday. “One of the most misunderstood rules in our game is how traveling is interpreted and appropriately called,” Byron Spruell, NBA President, League Operations, said in a statement. “Revising the language of certain areas of the rule is part of our three-pronged approach to address the uncertainty around traveling. This approach also includes an enforcement plan to make traveling a point of emphasis for our officiating staff, along with an aggressive education plan to increase understanding of the rule by players, coaches, media and fans.”

That “aggressive education plan” should be interesting.

At the meeting, the owners also made gamblers everywhere happy by saying that starting lineups now need to be submitted by coaches 30 minutes prior to the start of the game. In past years that had been only 10 minutes (and road teams complained that was not evenly enforced between home and road teams all the time).

This is a good bit of transparency by the league, as have been some of the recent changes in requirements of announcing injuries. But make no mistake, this rule change is all about gambling .

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Basketball Offense and Defense

Inbound Pass in Basketball: Basic Information Explained

Table of Contents

What is the inbound pass in basketball

The inbound pass, officially known as a throw-in, consists of offensive action in which a player that has current possession of the basketball throws it to a teammate after initially standing out of bounds at the sideline or baseline.

Additionally, the player executing the inbound pass is formally referred to as the thrower-in, according to the NBA Official Rulebook .

However, for this web page, the thrower-in will be simply indicated as the thrower.

Furthermore, it should be noted that the inbound pass itself could also be utilized as an outlet pass or in certain instances, offensive teams could use the inbound pass to execute a variety of inbound plays for potential scoring opportunities as well.

In addition to all of that, most of the information on this web page is based on the basketball rules of the NFHS but at the same time, many of those rules could overlap with guidelines of the NCAA , NBA , or FIBA .

What signifies the beginning of an inbound pass

An inbound pass begins when an eligible player that could execute this particular type of basketball pass receives the ball from the referee.

Generally speaking, the referee will usually bounce the ball to the player or in some instances, the referee will simply hand the ball to the player.

Once the player has possession of the ball, then this commonly starts the five second count by the referee in which the player has five seconds to release the ball, particularly onto the inbound side of the court.

Also, in some situations, if an eligible thrower is not available, then the referee could place the ball on the out of bounds side of the court and start the five second count.

What signifies the end of an inbound pass

An inbound pass typically ends when the thrower releases the ball onto the inbound side of the court and then, that same ball touches any player that is already on the court.

An inbound pass could also end if the team in possession of the ball receives some type of throw-in violation as well.

What action starts the clock during an inbound pass

When a thrower successfully releases the ball onto the inbound side of the court and the ball is legally touched by any player, the referee will utilize a hand signal for the official timer who will then start the clock to continue live play.

Can a thrower receive an assist from an inbound pass

A thrower can receive an assist from an inbound pass after releasing the ball, particularly to a teammate on the inbound side of the court, provided that the teammate which received the ball demonstrates an immediate reaction towards the basket such as a quick jump shot or another type of scoring action such as a layup or dunk.

Related: Assist, inbound pass leads directly to made field goal – NBA Video Playbook

Related: No Assist, inbound pass does not lead directly to made field goal – NBA Video Playbook

Which typical situations lead to the occurrence of a baseline inbound pass

An inbound pass at the baseline, officially known as the endline, typically occurs after an awarded score but it could also happen after certain situations that do not involve an awarded score.

Types of awarded scores commonly include the free throw, the two-point field goal, the three-point field goal, defensive basket interference, or defensive goaltending.

Additionally, awarded scores could also be referred to as awarded goals, scoring a goal, or scoring a made basket.

However, this web page will primarily use the term, awarded score, for general purposes.

A free throw is comprised of offensive action in which a player in possession of the ball typically receives one to three uncontested shot attempts.

When a player makes a free throw attempt, it is worth one point.

One of the most common times a player would shoot a free throw is after that same player gets fouled in the act of shooting a two-point field goal attempt or three-point field goal attempt by a defender on the opposing team.

Another general time that a player might shoot at least one free throw is when one or more members of an opposing team receives a technical foul.

Also, if an offensive player takes one to three free throw attempts and then makes the final attempt, (regardless if it was one, two, or three attempts) then a thrower on the opposing team will generally receive the ball and execute an inbound pass, particularly at the baseline adjacent to their backcourt.

However, after a team technical free throw, it is also feasible for a thrower on the opposing team to receive the ball and execute an inbound pass at the sideline.

Two-point field goal

A two-point field goal includes any field goal attempt that is inside of the three-point line.

The primary types of two-point field goal attempts include the layup, the dunk, the floater or runner, and the mid-range jump shot.

If an offensive player makes a two-point field goal, then a thrower on the opposing team can receive the ball and execute an inbound pass, particularly at the baseline adjacent to their backcourt.

Three-point field goal

A three-point field goal includes field goal attempts that are outside of the three-point line.

If an offensive player makes a three-point field goal, then a player on the opposing team can receive the ball and execute an inbound pass, particularly at the baseline adjacent to their backcourt.

Basket Interference

In the NBA, NCAA, and the NFHS, basket interference generally occurs when a player interferes with the ball while it is above the basket ring itself and within the imaginary cylinder of the basket ring.

Conversely though, in FIBA, if the ball touches the rim but then bounces with an upward motion above the basket ring, it can be played by either the offensive or defensive players even when it is in the imaginary cylinder.

In other words, in terms of FIBA rules, as long as the ball touches the rim first and it is not in a downward motion as if to pass through the basket ring, then offensive players could tap the ball into the basket ring via a tip-in or defensive players could swat the ball away from the basket ring.

Related: Rule Differences – FIBA

Also, if a defensive team gets called for a basket interference violation, then the offensive team could receive between two or three points, depending on if the shot is a two-point field goal or three-point field goal.

Afterwards, the defensive team would convert into the new offensive team, then a thrower could receive the ball and have an opportunity to execute an inbound pass, particularly at the baseline adjacent to their backcourt.

Goaltending

Goaltending occurs when a certain player (usually a defensive player) hinders the chance or opportunity for an offensive player to score a legitimate field goal, typically before the ball touches the basket ring.

A goaltending violation most likely would occur if the ball did not touch the rim but it is above the basket ring and it is in downward flight.

As a common example of goaltending, let’s say that an offensive player takes a mid-range shot.

However, another player on the defensive team jumps in the air to swat the ball away from the basket on its downward motion before the ball even has an opportunity to go into the basket ring.

When that occurs, it would be a goaltending violation and the offensive team would be awarded a score of two points.

After that, the defensive team would become the new offensive team, then a thrower could receive the ball, and have an opportunity to execute an inbound pass, particularly at the baseline adjacent to their backcourt.

Non-scoring situations

Non-scoring situations that could result in an inbound pass, specifically at the baseline adjacent to the frontcourt, includes a defensive deflection out of bounds near the frontcourt baseline or a shot block out of bounds near the frontcourt baseline.

Also, depending on the type of league involved, an inbound pass near the frontcourt baseline could occur when a play gets stopped while the ball is inside of the key itself, the top of the key inside of the three-point arc, or any area within the three-point arc from the high post elbows to the deep corners near the frontcourt baseline.

For example, if a non-shooting defensive foul (not including the bonus situation) happens around the free throw line area, then the offensive team would have the opportunity to execute an inbound pass at the frontcourt baseline.

Furthermore, if an offensive player throws the ball or deflects it out of bounds near the frontcourt baseline, then this would result in a turnover.

Following that offensive turnover, the defensive team would change to the new offensive team, then a thrower could receive the ball, and have an opportunity to execute an inbound pass, particularly at the baseline adjacent to their backcourt.

In other words, the frontcourt baseline for one team would also be the backcourt baseline for the opposing team.

Additionally, in the NBA, an inbound pass at the backcourt baseline could happen at the start of a quarter as well.

Which typical situations lead to the occurrence of a sideline inbound pass

An inbound pass at the sideline generally happens after a situation that does not result in an awarded score.

Furthermore, for most (if not all) leagues, a sideline inbound pass could happen when offensive action gets stopped while the ball is near the outermost perimeter areas just inside of the three-point arc (excluding the high post area and extended short corners) as well as any areas beyond the three-point arc.

For example, if a non-shooting defensive foul (not including the bonus situation) occurs behind the three-point line, then the offensive team would have the opportunity to execute a sideline inbound pass.

Also, if a defender deflects the ball out of bounds towards a sideline, then the offensive team would have the opportunity to execute an inbound pass near that same sideline.

What is a designated spot during an inbound pass

A designated spot is a three-foot area that extends back from the edge of the court until there is no viable space left.

In certain situations, particularly those which do not involve scoring, the referee will assign a designated spot for the thrower to stand within during the throw-in action.

Also, when a designated spot is set, the thrower has to keep one foot on or over the designated spot at all times until they release the ball towards the inbound side of the court.

However, it should be known that the thrower can also jump into the air and/or move one or both feet, provided the thrower keeps one foot on or over the designated spot.

What generally determines if a thrower is assigned a designated spot

Generally speaking, a thrower would typically be assigned a designated spot to execute the throw-in after non-scoring situations such as a backcourt violation, three-second rule violation, a flagrant foul penalty, or an offensive free throw violation.

Furthermore, designated spots could get assigned at the baseline, particularly in the frontcourt but they are usually more common near the sidelines.

Additionally, when the thrower is assigned a designated spot, that same thrower and other teammates would have the opportunity to execute baseline out of bounds plays or sideline out of bounds plays if necessary, depending on whether the spot is assigned near the baseline or sideline.

However, it should also be stated that at the NFHS level, a thrower could receive a designated spot, particularly at the sideline (near the half court line) after an offensive player has an opportunity to score free throws via a team technical foul.

In other words, a team technical foul is probably one of the few occasions in which a designated spot could get assigned after a scoring situation.

What can a thrower do if a designated spot is not assigned

Generally speaking, if a designated spot is not assigned by a referee, then a thrower with the ball can either run the baseline or the original thrower can pass the ball to a new thrower in certain instances.

It should be stated as well that this would typically happen after an awarded score is given to the offensive team that was in possession of the ball at the time.

Run the baseline

A player can generally run the baseline, particularly if the referee does not assign a designated spot for the player to execute the throw-in.

This typically occurs immediately following an awarded score such as the free throw, two-point field goal, three-point field goal, defensive basket interference, or defensive goaltending.

It should also be noted that the referee will usually not touch the ball after an immediate score assuming there is not some other type of situation that would call for the stoppage of play.

For example, if the team in possession of the ball calls a timeout immediately after an awarded score prior to the baseline inbound pass near the backcourt, then following that timeout, the referee would administer the ball to the eligible thrower at the backcourt baseline.

As another example, let’s say a team would like to make player substitutions during a free throw situation.

Following the last free throw attempt, the referee will generally blow the whistle to indicate play stoppage, allow the substitution to occur during the dead ball period, administer the ball to the eligible thrower at the backcourt baseline, and blow the whistle once more to put the ball in play again.

Furthermore, if play stoppage such as a timeout or substitution does occur, particularly after an awarded score, then the player executing the inbound pass is still allowed to run the baseline if necessary and the referee will most likely tell this information to the player as well.

Pass the ball to a new thrower

A thrower can execute a throw-in to a teammate that is already on the inbound side of the court, which is not surprising at all.

However, if the referee does not designate a spot for the thrower, usually after an awarded score, then it is possible for at least one player that is currently on the inbound side of the court to step out of bounds adjacent to the area of the original thrower.

Next, the original thrower could pass the ball to the new thrower and as that occurs, the original thrower could step on the inbound side of the court.

Following that, the new thrower could release the ball to any player on the court.

It should also be noted that multiple teammates could actually step out of bounds to receive the ball from the original thrower but only one of those teammates could become the new thrower.

If that occurs, then the teammates which did not receive the ball should step onto the inbound side of the court to become potential passing options for the new thrower.

What are the typical inbound pass violations for the thrower

The typical inbound pass violations for the thrower include infractions such as the five second violation, the backboard contact violation, and the first to touch violation among others.

Additionally, for each of the different violations, it is assumed that the thrower received the ball, either via a designated spot provision from the referee or the thrower simply grabbed the ball after it passed through the basket ring following a score by the opposing team during live play.

The general penalty for a throw-in violation is that the opposing team would receive the ball at the original spot of the initial throw-in.

Five second violation

Upon receiving the ball while standing out of bounds, if the thrower does not inbound the ball to any player on the court within five seconds, then this will result in a throw-in violation.

Backboard contact violation

Upon receiving the ball while standing out of bounds, particularly at the baseline, if the thrower releases the ball so that it makes initial contact with the backboard, especially on the backside, then this will result in a throw-in violation.

Step inbound prior to release violation

Upon receiving the ball while standing out of bounds, if the thrower steps inbound before releasing the ball to any player that is already inbound on the court, then this will result in a throw-in violation.

Even if the thrower does release the ball at the same time of the inbound step, this would still be a violation because the ball must be totally released completely out of the hands of the thrower before the thrower is allowed to step onto the inbound side of the court.

It should also be stated that a thrower can step on the boundary line, just not over it. Essentially, this is valid because the boundary line itself is considered out of bounds.

First to touch violation

Upon receiving the ball while standing out of bounds, if the thrower is the first player to touch the ball once the ball is released onto the inbound side of the court, the outcome of this will be a throw-in violation.

For example, the thrower cannot throw the ball into the air on the inbound side of the court, step onto the inbound side of the court, and then catch the ball while it is still in the air.

In this case, the thrower would be essentially passing the ball to themselves, which is also informally known as a self pass.

However, it is possible for a thrower to execute a type of trick play, commonly referred to as an off the back inbound pass.

Generally speaking, this action could potentially happen if a defender adjacent to the thrower turns their back away from that same thrower.

Following that, the thrower could release the ball off the back of that defender, catch the ball quickly before the defender has a chance to react and attempt to immediately score.

If this play occurs near the baseline, the thrower would commonly attempt to score via a quick layup or dunk at the rim.

Conversely, if this play occurs near the sideline, the thrower would typically try to score by way of a quick jump shot.

This off the back inbound pass is legal action because it is not a first to touch violation.

Related: Most Genius ‘Off The Player’s Back’ Inbound Passes – YouTube

Furthermore the thrower cannot simply dribble the ball onto the court as that is another type of first to touch violation.

Out of bounds floor contact violation

Upon receiving the ball while standing out of bounds, especially during a designated spot throw-in, if the thrower drops the ball or generally releases the ball so that it touches the floor, particularly at any area out of bounds or even on the boundary line, then this will result in a throw-in violation.

Interesting enough, in the NFHS rules, the floor contact violation mentioned above would still be in effect but a thrower can actually dribble the ball while standing out of bounds, particularly during a designated spot throw-in.

This is valid in the NFHS rules because the traveling and dribbling rules are not currently active at the time of that throw-in.

However, this also does not mean that a thrower can dribble the ball on the inbound side of the court, even if that same thrower remains out of bounds as that would effectively be a first to touch and/or a general out of bounds violation.

Ball into the basket violation

Upon receiving the ball while standing out of bounds, if the thrower releases the ball so that it enters into a basket ring, then this will result in a throw-in violation.

This is illegal because the ball did not initially touch any player on the inbound side of the court before being released.

However, it is possible for a thrower to release the ball which then incidentally touches the basket ring.

For example, a thrower can release the ball as to set up a lob pass for a teammate at the rim.

If the ball initially makes contact with the rim before a teammate or an opponent catches it, this would still be legal action.

Furthermore, if the ball makes contact with the backboard after initially touching the rim, this would also not violate the backboard contact rule because the ball touched the rim first.

Ball lodged between the basket and the backboard violation

Upon receiving the ball while standing out of bounds, if the thrower releases the ball so that it becomes lodged between the basket and the backboard, then the outcome of that would be a throw-in violation.

Invalid pass reception via boundary line violation

Upon receiving the ball while standing out of bounds, particularly during a designated spot throw-in, if the thrower hands the ball to a teammate that is extending their arms through the boundary line on the out of bounds side of the court, then this will result in a throw-in violation.

This is illegal because the thrower has to release (i.e. throw) the ball onto the inbound side of the court.

Illegal movement violation

Upon receiving the ball while standing out of bounds, particularly during a designated spot throw-in, if the thrower does not keep one foot on or over the three-foot designated spot, then this will result in a throw-in violation.

Omit stepping out of bounds violation

Upon receiving the ball through the basket immediately after the opponent scores, if the thrower does not step completely over the boundary line and establish out of bounds before attempting a throw-in, then the outcome of that would be a throw-in violation.

In other words, the thrower cannot grab the ball once it passes through the basket ring and either throw the ball to a teammate immediately while still on the inbound side or only step out of bounds with one foot before throwing the ball to a teammate.

Essentially, the thrower cannot omit stepping out of bounds, particularly following an awarded score or after a made basket by the opposing team.

That is to say, the thrower has to be fully out of bounds before initiating the throw-in and releasing the ball, particularly to a teammate that is on the inbound side of the court.

What are the primary restrictions for an on-ball defender guarding an inbound pass

An on-ball defender should not reach or extend any part of their body over the boundary plane of the baseline or sideline in general, nor should the defender reach over the boundary plane, particularly to touch the ball or the player with the ball.

However, as a side note, an on-ball defender can jump into the air or move side to side to hinder the effectiveness of the inbound pass as long as that same defender does not reach over the boundary plane.

Additionally, if the thrower releases the ball onto the court, the on-ball defender is then permitted to extend their arms over the boundary plane.

Although in that case, it would most likely be generally ineffective to do so as the ball has already been released on to the court.

Moreover, if a gymnasium or some other type of arena has a limited amount of space, particularly near the baseline and/or sideline, the on-ball defender guarding the thrower could be asked by the referee to step back no more than three feet.

Furthermore, it should be noted as well that an offensive player on the inbound side of the court should not occupy an area that is parallel or near the baseline, particularly if an on-ball defender wants to occupy that same area.

Basically, an offensive player cannot stop a defensive player, and more specifically, an on-ball defender from executing defensive pressure on the player with the ball.

In other words, an offensive player cannot stand in between the thrower and a potential defender that would like to guard that same thrower during the throw-in sequence.

Here are general examples of what the on-ball defender should not do while guarding an inbound pass, primarily based on NFHS rules.

Should not extend over the boundary plane in general

If an on-ball defender reaches over the boundary plane even without touching the ball or the thrower, then that could result in a team delay warning, also referred to as a delay of game warning, or a team technical foul by the referee if the team already received a previous warning for any valid reason.

Should not extend over the boundary plane to touch the ball

If an on-ball defender reaches over the boundary plane to touch the basketball, then this would result in a delay of game warning for the team and a player technical foul for the on-ball defender.

Also, at the NFHS level, if a player technical foul occurs, then any player on the team in current possession of the ball (i.e. the team that was executing the inbound pass) would shoot two free throws, the team would afterwards receive the ball again, and execute a throw-in on the sideline near the division line (i.e. the half court line) opposite the scorer’s table.

It should be noted though that in the NBA, if a player touches the ball, then that would result in a delay of game warning followed by a technical foul (for a maximum of two technical fouls), if the defender does it again.

Should not extend over the boundary plane to touch the thrower

If an on-ball defender reaches over the boundary plane to touch the thrower, then that would result in a delay of game warning for the team as well as an intentional foul for the on-ball defender.

Furthermore, at the NFHS level, after the on-ball defender receives an intentional foul due to touching the thrower, this would result in a possible delay of game warning as well as two free throws for the thrower (or a qualified substitute) plus the possession of the ball for the team on offense.

Afterwards, the offensive team would have an opportunity to execute the inbound pass again at the original spot of the frontcourt baseline.

Additionally, it should be known that the thrower can extend their arms over the boundary plane while holding the ball.

Basically, the thrower does not have to follow the same restrictions as the on-ball defender in reference to the boundary plane.

If the thrower does extend their arms so that the ball is on the inbound side of the court, then the on-ball defender could technically touch the ball, or attempt to knock it out of the hands of the thrower, or grab hold of the ball with two hands, which would typically result in a held ball call by the referee.

This is valid and legal because the on-ball defender did not reach over the boundary plane towards the out of bounds area so no defensive infraction would occur in that case.

However, even if the thrower does extend their arms over the boundary plane, then on-ball defender is still not allowed to touch the thrower.

If that occurs, it would still result in an intentional foul for the on-ball defender.

What are additional resources to possibly learn more about the inbound pass

Miscellaneous Throw-In Rules – CYC Basketball Officials

Basic Court Coverage for Officials – USA Basketball

Duties of the Officials – NBA Official Rulebook

Putting Ball in Play – Live/Dead Ball – NBA Official Rulebook

Out of Bounds and Throw-In – NBA Official Rulebook

Violations and Penalties – NBA Official Rulebook

Inbound Violations – NBA Video Rulebook

New Referee? GOTTA NAIL THIS MECHANIC!! | NFHS Throw In Administration – A Better Official – YouTube

Hey Ref! DO YOU EVEN KNOW THE RULES?? | Basketball Throw In NFHS Rules – A Better Official – YouTube

Hey Ref! DOMINATE at Basketball Throw in | NFHS Basketball Rules Expert – A Better Official – YouTube

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Last updated: Mar 06, 2024

Posted by Rookie Road Staff

Basketball Traveling Rules

In basketball, there are various rules that govern gameplay to keep it fair for all players, and violations will be called for breaking these rules. One of the most well-known violations in basketball is traveling. The usual rule of thumb is that a player may only take two steps without dribbling the basketball; three or more steps is a travel. However, in reality, this rule is much more complicated. Read on to learn more about the rules of traveling.

What Is Traveling in Basketball?

Traveling is a violation in basketball that occurs when a player takes too many steps without dribbling the ball.  Traveling can be called whenever a player takes multiple steps without dribbling. If a player is called for traveling, they turnover possession of the ball to the other team. Travelling is a common violation that can happen when a player receives the ball while moving or when a player starts dribbling.

Traveling Rules

A player may not pick up the ball, stop their dribble, and then resume dribbling .  Once the ball is picked up, their options are to pass, shoot, or pivot.

Pivot Foot Rules

The pivot foot is an important concept to understand traveling violations.  A pivot foot is the foot that must remain in the same spot on the floor.  The other foot is allowed to move in any direction any number of times as long as the pivot foot remains put. If the pivot foot leaves the ground, it will result in a travel.

When a player stops dribbling, they must establish a pivot foot. The pivot foot may be turned side to side so that the player can move or find better angles, and it does not count as a travel as long as the chosen pivot foot is not lifted from the ground without dribbling. 

The pivot foot may move when passing or shooting, but the ball must be released before the pivot foot touches the ground again. A player can also move their pivot foot when dribbling, but the ball must be released before moving the pivot foot to avoid a traveling violation.

Is Three Steps a Travel in Basketball?

In basketball, a traveling violation will be called when a player takes three or more steps without stopping, dribbling, shooting, or passing the basketball.  When driving to the basket or picking up the dribble while moving, the player will have two steps to complete one of these actions after gathering the ball. If a player takes a third step, they will be called for a travel, resulting in a turnover.

Is a Jump Stop a Travel in Basketball?

If done properly, a jump stop is not a travel in basketball .  A jump stop is when an offensive player, either with possession of the ball or after receiving the ball, lands on both feet simultaneously. If a player is on the run and receives a pass mid-stride, they can come to a jump stop upon receiving the ball. After they stop, they can pivot with either foot or start to dribble.

Pivot Foot in a Jump Stop

If a player receives the ball with two feet on the ground, either foot may be used as a pivot foot.  If a player receives the ball in the air, whichever foot touches the ground first is the pivot foot. If a player receives the ball in the air and both feet hit the ground at the same time, either foot may be used as the pivot. This is known as a jump stop.

Receiving Passes Mid-Stride

If a player is on the run and receives a pass mid-stride, they can come to a jump stop upon receiving the ball.  After they stop, they must either pivot with one foot or start to dribble. A jump stop counts as one step. A player is allowed to use a pivot after a jump stop unless there was a step used to gather the ball before the jump stop occurred.

Gather Step Rules

According to recent changes in the NBA rulebook, traveling rules and violations must account for steps taken while the player gathers the ball.  This means that players are allowed a “gather step” to control the ball before the step count for a traveling violation can occur.

The gather is defined as the point where a player puts two hands on the ball, causes the ball to pause or rest, or gains enough control of the ball to hold it, pass it, shoot it, or cradle it against their body.

Without dribbling, the first step to count towards a potential travel is the one taken immediately after the ball has been gathered. Anything past two steps after the ball has been gathered is considered traveling.

There are numerous situations in basketball that are considered traveling violations. Below are some examples of actions that result in a travel:

• A player holding the ball starts walking without dribbling.
• A player receives a pass while running and takes three (or more) steps before dribbling.
• A player lifts their pivot foot or drags it on the floor without passing, shooting, or dribbling first.
• A player in possession of the ball falls to the ground.
• A player on the ground, holding the ball, stands up without dribbling.
• A player stops dribbling to shoot a layup, but they accidentally take a third step before releasing the ball.
• A player takes a step and performs a jump stop incorrectly, with their feet hitting the ground at different times, resulting in two extra steps and a travel.
• A player takes three steps after gathering the basketball.
• A player airballs a shot and catches the ball without it touching the hoop or another player.
• A player stops dribbling and passes the ball to themselves.

The penalty for a traveling violation is a turnover to the other team. The other team will receive the ball at the out-of-bounds point closest to the spot where the travel occurred. The referee signals a traveling violation by rotating two fists around one another in front of their body. You may see fans, players, and coaches mimic this motion when they believe their opponent has committed a traveling violation.

Traveling Rules Summary

• Traveling occurs when a player takes more than two steps after dribbling.
• When a player stops dribbling, they have to establish a pivot foot.
• A travel occurs when the pivot foot is lifted.
• The first foot to land when a player performs a jump stop is the pivot foot.
• If both feet land at the same time, either foot can become a pivot foot.
• Taking any steps before dribbling the ball will result in a travel.
• A travel results in a turnover .

What is a travel in basketball?

A travel is a type of violation in basketball that happens when a player takes more than two steps without dribbling the ball.  Only players in possession of the ball can be called for traveling. When the referee calls a traveling violation, it results in a turnover and the ball being given to the opposing team. Traveling can occur in other unique situations, all regarding illegally moving with the ball without dribbling.

Can you pivot after dribbling?

Yes, you are allowed to pivot after dribbling.  When a player stops dribbling, they will typically keep one foot in place as a “pivot foot,” which they will not lift off the ground again until they no longer have possession of the ball. This allows them to pivot from side to side using that foot, either to take a shot or to find an open teammate to pass the ball to. As long as the pivot foot remains stationary, traveling will not be called.

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NBA Changed Its Travel Rule, But It's Still Not Perfect

In the NBA , traveling is a gray area. Officials, or when trying to decipher a walk, detectives, are put in a tough position to make these calls. Guys like Houston Rockets guard James Harden and Los Angeles Lakers forward LeBron James , who manipulate the rules to their advantage, toy refs into blowing their whistle.

So why is the traveling rule so hard to define? Well, the league clarified the rule prior to the 2019-20 season.

The NBA's Traveling Definition

RELATED: NBA Referees Make The Most Money in American Sports

The main factor when calling a traveling violation is determining when a player gathers. The league updated the definition with new language in the NBA rule book. The new rules read as follows :

Definition of the Gather The following definition of the gather will be added to the definitions section of the playing rules: A. For a player who receives a pass or gains possession of a loose ball, the gather is defined as the point where the player gains enough control of the ball to hold it, change hands, pass, shoot, or cradle it against his body. B. For a player who is in control of the ball while dribbling, the gather is defined as the point where a player does any one of the following: (1) Puts two hands on the ball, or otherwise permits the ball to come to rest, while he is in control of it; (2) Puts a hand under the ball and brings it to a pause; or (3) Otherwise gains enough control of the ball to hold it, change hands, pass, shoot, or cradle it against his body.

In layman's terms, the player is allowed two steps post gather step. Some guys are so quick when they gather — leaving it to the discretion of the refs — that it looks like a walk to the average fan, which is where the scrutiny is built from.

It's up to NBA officials to determine when a player gathers, and NBA players love putting the pressure on them.

Given these rules agreed upon by the NBA Board of Governors, Harden's famous step back and Euro step into field goal attempts are more than legal, even if it appears the 2018 NBA MVP's completion of a dribble is murky.

NBA President of League Operations Byron Spruell issued a comment on the rule changes:

"One of the most misunderstood rules in our game is how traveling is interpreted and appropriately called," Spruell said . "Revising the language of certain areas of the rule is part of our three-pronged approach to address the uncertainty around traveling. This approach also includes an enforcement plan to make traveling a point of emphasis for our officiating staff, along with an aggressive education plan to increase understanding of the rule by players, coaches, media and fans."

Spruell appeared on ESPN's The Jump in October 2019 to further elaborate on the rule change. The crew talks about traveling at the four-minute mark in the video above.

While switching a pivot foot is an easy traveling call, the gather is the basis of this contentious rule. The second step may seem like an extra step, but as long as it's after a gather, it's within the rule book's confines.

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Flight chaos erupts at gatwick airport after plane fails to take off — closing runway for nearly an hour, causing massive delays.

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Flights out of London’s Gatwick Airport were seriously disrupted when a Vancouver-bound British Airways flight failed to take off Friday morning and shut down the runway for nearly an hour.

At least 23 flights were canceled when BA2279 rejected its high-speed takeoff at 11:48 a.m. due to hot brakes, a London Gatwick spokesperson told The Post.

“Safety is our top priority and London Gatwick’s dedicated airport fire service swiftly attended to support the aircraft. 16 inbound flights were diverted during the closure,” the spokesperson said, adding that there were also “a number of delays to the knock-on impact.”

“The runway is now open and operating as normal,” they explained.

“We are working with our airlines and other airport partners to minimize disruption. Passengers should contact their airlines directly for the latest flight information.” 

British Airways explained that the axed takeoff was a “precautionary decision…due to a technical issue.”

“The safety of our customers and crew is always our priority, and we’ve apologized for the inconvenience caused earlier today following an aborted take-off at Gatwick Airport,” the airline added in a statement to The Post.

Footage from the scene showed a long line of planes waiting for their turn to take off as airport staff scrambled to clear the runway.

One incoming passenger, Patrick Wiltshire, was flying from Dubai to visit his family in London when his flight was forced to stop over in Belgium.

“Five minutes from landing it suddenly diverted and flew to Brussels,” he told BBC Radio Sussex.

“I’ve missed my taxi booking and I’ve missed my event for the evening,” he said.

“There’s been very limited information so we’ve had to take to our phones to find out what’s going on, on Twitter.”

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NBA reveals details of In-Season Tournament: How 2023-24 midseason competition works

Taking a page from European soccer, the NBA is adding an in-season tournament.

The NBA on Saturday announced details of the event , which will take place next season. The league’s hope is that it takes off in interest and popularity like soccer’s FA Cup in England and Copa del Rey in Spain. The NBA's goals are to create “another competition to win, engage fans in a new way and drive additional interest in the early portion of the regular-season schedule."

The winner will take home the NBA Cup.

Getting buy-in from players, teams and fans is the first step.

"By creating that win-or-go-home energy, which we see in other sports driving significant levels of competition, we think there's an element there that’s beneficial,” NBA executive vice president of basketball strategy and analytics Evan Wasch said, adding, “Ultimately, NBA players are among the most competitive people on the planet when you put them in these single-elimination situations, in these special environments with that look and feel, with this prize money, with these recognitions on the line, we think the rest will do itself.

"But it also has to be collaborative and collective conversation among teams and players, which it has been that, if we want to buy into this and build it into something significant.”

What is the NBA In-Season Tournament?

It is a new annual tournament featuring all 30 teams, debuting in the 2023-24 season. The NBA has talked about this for years, and it is now a reality. The event will consist of 67 games , all of which count against a team’s regular-season record.

When is the NBA In-Season Tournament?

It will take place in November and December with tournament games on Tuesday and Friday in November , beginning Friday, Nov. 3 (except Election Day on Nov. 7), continuing with the quarterfinals on Dec. 4-5 and ending with the semifinals and finals Dec. 7 and Dec. 9 in Las Vegas.

While the groups were announced on Saturday, the In-Season Tournament schedule and TV information will be announced in August.

What is the format for the NBA In-Season Tournament?

It starts out as round-robin group play and then progresses to single-elimination for the final eight teams: quarterfinals, semifinals and final.

Each conference will be split into three five-team groups. The groups were determined by teams’ regular-season records in 2022-23 in a draw from these five pots:

Pot 1: The teams with the three best prior-season records in a conference.

Pot 2: The teams with the fourth-through-sixth-best prior-season records.

Pot 3: The teams with the seventh-through-ninth-best prior-season records.

Pot 4: The teams with the 10th-through-12th-best prior-season records.

Pot 5: The teams with the 13th-through-15th-best prior-season records.

Each team will play four games against the other teams in its group − two at home and two on the road.

The winner of each group plus a wild card from each conference (team with the best record that finished second in its group) advance to the quarterfinals.

All games except for the semifinals and final will be played in NBA markets.

What are the groups?

Eastern Conference

East Group A: Philadelphia 76ers; Cleveland Cavaliers; Atlanta Hawks; Indiana Pacers; Detroit Pistons

East Group B: Milwaukee Bucks; New York Knicks; Miami Heat; Washington Wizards; Charlotte Hornets

East Group C: Boston Celtics; Brooklyn Nets; Toronto Raptors; Chicago Bulls; Orlando Magic

Western Conference

West Group A: Memphis Grizzlies; Phoenix Suns; Los Angeles Lakers; Utah Jazz; Portland Trail Blazers

West Group B: Denver Nuggets; Los Angeles Clippers; New Orleans Pelicans; Dallas Mavericks; Houston Rockets

West Group C: Sacramento Kings; Golden State Warriors; Minnesota Timberwolves; Oklahoma City Thunder; San Antonio Spurs

What are the incentives?

Beyond winning the NBA Cup, players on teams that reach the quarterfinals and beyond will receive additional financial compensation − $500,000 for each player on the championship team; $200,000 for players on the runner-up team; $100,000 for players on the losing semifinals teams and $50,000 for each player on a team that loses in the quarterfinals.

A tournament MVP and all-tournament honors will also be awarded.

Are there any quirks to the tournament?

At least two teams will play just 40 home games instead of a normal 41-game home schedule, and it’s possible two teams will end up with 42 home games instead of 41.

The 22 teams that don't make the quarterfinals will be scheduled to play games on off nights of the tournament after group play is completed. All teams will still play 82 regular-season games.

Think the WNBA is too physical? It’s always been that way for the Phoenix Mercury

Look around the Phoenix Mercury’s lineup and you'll see the battle wounds. 

Concussions, black eyes, sprained ankles. All in the name of the competitiveness that comes with the WNBA. 

But these battle wounds have been a constant for the Mercury throughout their history and are commonplace around the league.  

However, with Caitlin Clark’s skyrocketing popularity — and her subsequent growing pains — people are turning an increased focus toward this aspect of the WNBA. 

The replays and outcry are commonplace on social media sites such as X, Instagram and TikTok, showing Clark getting hit by various players. Whether they see a hard foul to Clark's head or a hip-check before an inbound pass, fans and sports analysts have called for the WNBA to protect its players from hard contact.  

WNBA's history of physicality

Since the league began 28 years ago, the players have not spared anyone from contact.  

It used to be worse. 

Not only did players have to be skilled, but they had to be the strongest at their position to stop quicker players from running into their lane. 

“It’s a lot of new eyes and with that, you just have to educate yourself,” Mercury guard Sophie Cunningham said. “It’s funny, we go back and Diana (Taurasi) and people a little bit younger than her, they go back and are like, 'We were getting abused. There’s no call there.'

Mercury players never shying from contact

"With some of the contact, a lot of people flop, too, but I will say it’s very physical and that’s what this league is known for. People haven’t been in it, you don’t know what you don’t know. Once you’re in it, you realize you need to get stronger, you need to bulk up. Otherwise, you’re going to be thrown around like a rag doll.” 

This season alone, the Mercury have dealt with hard fouls and contact. A tipping point in a loss against the Las Vegas Aces on June 14 came when Aces guard Jackie Young drove hard into Mercury wing Kahleah Copper and Copper didn’t get a call. Copper was even on the other side of a battle when she hit Storm guard Skylar Diggins-Smith in the face and gave her a bloody lip.  

More Mercury news: ESPN's WNBA analyst LaChina Robinson says Mercury are a threat to Aces' 3-peat bid

“Everyone thinks that other people are getting treated extra differently, but it’s not true," Cunningham said. "Since I’ve been in the league, I’ve had torn elbows, separated shoulder, broken finger, broken jaw. It’s always been physical, and if anything, it’s actually gotten less physical because they call more fouls.”

Throughout her six seasons with the Mercury, Cunningham has dealt with a slew of injuries that attest to her physical style of play. But those injuries haven’t slowed her from sacrificing herself on every play.  

Copper's history with the Mercury

Cunningham and now-teammate Copper weren’t strangers to their battles broadcast throughout the 2021 WNBA Finals run when Copper was on the Chicago Sky. The two wrestled on the ground when Cunningham missed a layup and Copper wrapped around Cunningham for the loose ball. 

Some plays have been dangerous for the Mercury this season. Becca Allen ran into a screen from Dallas Wings center Teaira McCowan on May 25 and was in concussion protocol. Last year, Shey Peddy was stretchered off the court when an accidental elbow to the back of the head knocked her unconscious.

But with 144 roster spots across the 12 teams, the WNBA is the hardest league to make in women’s basketball. And that means your style of play will have to adjust. When Cunningham was drafted by the Mercury in 2019, she was hit by that reality.

“I’ve always been a physical player and for me, I realized that I was going up against people who were 5’6” and they were stronger than I was,” Cunningham said. “It’s not about height at this point, it’s about skill level, experience, and getting your body into shape.

"I learned real fast and I did not want to be thrown like a rag doll. I made a quick adjustment. You got to get in the weight room and eat more. ... You either learn quickly or you’re out of the league.” 

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Houston Pride 2024: Downtown road closures for parade, what to know

HOUSTON - If you're heading to downtown Houston for the Pride Festival and Parade on Saturday, here's what to know about closures.

The 46th annual Houston LGBT+ Pride celebration will be a day-long festival followed by a parade in the evening at Houston City Hall with performances by K. Michelle, David Archuleta, and more!

From 11 a.m. to 10 p.m., you can join in all the festivities at Houston City Hall! The festival will go on until 6 p.m. and then attendees can move to designated areas around downtown to watch the bold and colorful floats go by for the parade! According to the event hosts, the parade Pre-Show will be from 6 pm to 7:15 p.m. with the official parade expected to start at 7:20 p.m.

FOX 26 Houston is now on the FOX LOCAL app available through Apple TV, Amazon FireTV, Roku, Google Android TV, and Vizio!

The parade will begin at the intersection of Smith and Lamar and continue up Smith to Walker, where it will make a right turn on Walker before continuing and turning right on Milam. It will continue down Milam until it ends on Pease Street.

Tickets to get into the festival begin at $5 if you buy in advance online, but will be $10 at the gate. It is free for ages 21 and under and seniors 55 and up.

According to the City of Houston, these are the expected road closures for the Pride Festival and Parade.

DOWNLOAD THE FOX 26 HOUSTON APP BY CLICKING HERE

Staging will start at 10:00 a.m. on Outbound Allen Parkway from Bagby to Montrose

Outbound Allen Parkway from Bagby to Montrose (all lanes) 10:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. for staging

Inbound Allen Parkway from Taft to Bagby/Dallas (all lanes) 4:45 p.m. to 11:00 p.m.

Bagby from Rusk to Dallas (all lanes) 6:00 p.m. to 10:30 p.m.

Walker from Bagby to Milam (all lanes) 6:00 pm.

Milam from Walker to Pease (all lanes@ Rusk) 6:00 p.m.

Pease from Milam to Smith (all lanes@ Travis) for disbanding from 6:30 p.m. to 11:00 p.m.

Ancillary Closures

Smith from Lamar to Dallas (all lanes) at 6:00 p.m. to Midnight

Ancillary closure of Lamar between Bagby and Smith (accessible until 7:00 p.m. if needed for library or building access)

Ancillary closure of Brazos at Lamar vehicles to and from parking garages for Library or building properties will be able to access until 7:00 p.m.

(In-bound Allen Parkway from Taft to Bagby/Dallas will close at 4:45 p.m. (Parade route will close at 6:00 p.m. and will start reopening at 9:00 p.m. as the parade moves through the route)

811 Louisiana Access Louisiana east curb lane between exit of 811 Louisiana garage to Rusk at 5:00 p.m.

Milam west curb lane between the entrance of 811 Louisiana garage to Rusk at 5:00 p.m.

FOX 26 will be streaming the parade on FOX Local.

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Tp-link introduces pocket-size wi-fi 6 travel router with vpn support.

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The little TL-WR1502X is small enough to go anywhere and can even be run from a power bank. The ... [+] router can tether to a smartphone using USB so you can set up a Wi-Fi 6 network almost anywhere.

TP-Link has just launched a brand-new Wi-Fi 6 travel router designed for people on the go who want secure wireless networking, whether they are working in a hotel bedroom or a coffee shop.

The TL-WR1502X offers Wi-Fi 6 speeds and includes robust security features that protect your data. This pocket-sized device is built for digital nomads and it’s small enough to fit in a pocket or work bag. Sadly, it doesn’t come with a carry case, which I think it should but a third-party case should be available from Amazon.

The TL-WR1502X has two Gigabit ports, one for LAN and one for WAN. It provides dual-band Wi-Fi with a maximum speed of 1.2 Gbps on the 5 GHz band and 300 Mbps on 2.4 GHz, which is certainly fast enough for 4K streaming, fast file downloads and Zoom video calls.

The TL-WR1502X enables users to stay connected using USB tethering to their smartphone, piggybacking off the mobile data service with a Wi-Fi connection for multiple devices. On the side of the router there is a sliding Mode switch to set the device in Router/Hotspot/AP/RE modes so that the WR1502X can work as a traditional router, piggyback on an existing network or as a simple access point or range expander. There is also a WPS button next to the Mode switch for automatically adding devices to the network.

This pocket router has advanced support for OpenVPN and WireGuard for a secure and private network, even when connected to a public Wi-Fi hotspot such as a coffee shop. Many people don’t realize how insecure public Wi-Fi can be to hacking attacks. Using a VPN is the easiest way of protecting a laptop or smartphone on a public network.

The TL-WR1502S wireless travel router from TP-Link is small and light. You can set up your own ... [+] protected wireless network almost anywhere, even in a hotel room or a coffee shop.

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Another handy feature of this little router is its one-step captive portal authentication. This feature makes it easy to connect multiple devices to a public Wi-Fi network. The user just needs to authenticate one time on the router and then all their devices can connect without the need to log in again.

The TL-WR1502X also has a USB 2.0 port for plugging in a USB thumb drive to provide centralized storage or support for a mobile data dongle. The router can also work almost anywhere as its USB-C power port means it can be run with a power bank. This means the router can be used almost anywhere, even where there are no available power outlets.

Setting up the TL-WR1502X is simple. TP-Link’s Tether app is easy to use on a smartphone or tablet. Alternatively, there is a web-based interface that enables users to configure and manage the router using a web browser. Also included in the box are Ethernet and USB cables as well as compact power supply for use on the move.

Verdict: This neat and affordable wireless router offers an enhanced level of security when accessing public Wi-Fi networks. It’s also ideal for turning an Ethernet connection in a hotel room into your own personal Wi-Fi network so a partner or family can also access the Internet on phones, laptops or gaming devices. The TL-WR1502X is a neat solution. You may also want to consider the ExpressVPN AirCove GO Wi-Fi router that I reviewed recently which ties in with ExpressVPN service baked into its firmware.

Pricing & Availability: The TP-Link TL-WR1502X Wi-Fi 6 AX1500 Travel Router is available now from Amazon.com and is priced at $59.99.

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Joe biden’s star-studded hamptons fundraisers to feature ‘concerned’ donors after disastrous debate.

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Joe Biden is going to have to sing for his supper this weekend as he attends two fundraisers in the Hamptons following a disastrous performance at Thursday’s debate.

“A fundraiser would normally see people go to cheer him on,” says a source. “But at these events people are going to take his pulse and do a blood pressure check.”

A source added that the donors won’t stay home. Plus they can’t get their money back — there are no refunds, we hear. Said a source, “The money’s in.”

“The specter of Donald Trump winning is a unifying force for Democrats,” says the source. “Are donors attending events this weekend or jumping ship and staying home? No, they know what is at stake.”  

After appearing at the Stonewall Inn on Friday to mark the 55th anniversary of the riots, Biden will head east to rub elbows with big money donors at an event thrown by billionaire hedge funder Barry Rosenstein and his wife Lizanne — along with co-hosts including Broadway producer Stacey Mindich and Eric Mindich, Nicole and Michael Fox, Sarah Jessica Parker and Matthew Broderick, and Michael J. Fox, according to a report .

There is also an event being thrown by Tampa Bay Buccaneers owner and mega-donor Avram Glazer and his wife, Jill, where we hear tickets went for $100,000 a pop.

We’re told Biden is going to have to focus on reassuring people.

“Biden has to show he is resetting the campaign,” a source says. “He’s the only game in town. He is the nominee. Donors are upset and concerned, but there is no plan B. He needs to give them a great sense of confidence. People are going to [the events] to make sure Biden is engaged, energized and mobilized.”

On Thursday, Twitter was awash with devoted Democrats showing concern over a debate performance that saw Biden discombobulated. Countless pundits and headlines have expressed disappointment with many calling for him to step down.

The New York Times editorial board wrote , “To Serve His Country, President Biden Should Leave the Race.”

“Biden needs to step aside — for the sake of his own dignity, for the good of his party, for the future of the country” said the Atlantic , while Politico posted the headline: “The Movement to Convince Biden to Not Run Is Real.”

CNN’s Van Jones looked pained as he conceded, “We’re still far from our convention and there is time for this party to figure out a different way forward.” 

According to the Daily Beast, Biden’s spokespeople are working overtime texting multiple reporters , “Of course he’s not dropping out.” 

Our source tells us, that right now, any talk of Biden resigning is just playing “Fantasy baseball,” with everyone throwing out their picks if he does choose not to run.

We’re told names like Kamala Harris, Gov. Gavin Newsom, Sen. Amy Klobuchar, Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigeg, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer and House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries are being bandied about behind the scenes.

But we are told, “It’s important to do a reality check.”

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