history and evolution of tourism

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The Oxford Handbook of Tourism History

Eric G. E. Zuelow is Professor of History at the University of New England in Biddeford, Maine. He is author of A History of Modern Tourism (2015) and Making Ireland Irish: Tourism and National Identity since the Irish Civil War (2009), editor of Touring Beyond the Nation: A Transnational Approach to European Tourism History (2011), and editor of the Journal of Tourism History.

Kevin J. James is Professor of History at the University of Guelph in Canada, where he holds the Scottish Studies Foundation Chair and serves as Director of the Centre for Scottish Studies. His research programs have explored the history of the hotel visitors' book, hotels in wartime, and the history of country house hotels.

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Book review — The History and Evolution of Tourism

Journal of Tourism Futures

ISSN : 2055-5911

Article publication date: 29 March 2023

Issue publication date: 29 March 2023

Haynes, N.C. (2023), "Book review — The History and Evolution of Tourism", Journal of Tourism Futures , Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 142-143. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-03-2023-290

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2022, Natalie Claire Haynes

Published in Journal of Tourism Futures . Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode

This fascinating book provides a detailed exploration of the evolution of tourism from circa 9000 BC to the modern day. The author takes the reader on a journey that starts with early religious tourism at the ancient temples of Jerusalem and ends with a comprehensive assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, to view the chronologically ordered chapters as a simple timeline of tourism development would be to overlook the books true value. In reality, the book serves as an important reminder of the significant role tourism plays in global economic and societal development as well as providing an immersive introduction into tourism theory and practice. By covering key concepts such as quality and sustainability from a global perspective, in addition to introducing key models such as the tourism area life cycle, the book would be of interest to those beginning their studies in tourism and should be a key consideration for academics preparing reading lists for introductory tourism modules and courses.

The book is highly readable, engaging and anchored in current academic thinking and research. Chapters are divided into convenient sub-sections that focus on uncovering the key drivers of tourism related to the time-period under consideration, from watching human torture in medieval times to augmented reality in the modern day. Throughout the book, contemporary academic literature is used to support and explore the key topics providing a launchpad for students, academics and those with a general interest to explore the topics further. Reviewing the extensive reference list at end of each chapter resulted in a long “need to read” list of articles and books! A diverse range of sector examples serve to bring the theory to life supported by attractive colour photography. It is helpful that more well-known tourist destination exemplars such as the Château de Versailles in France are supplemented by smaller-scale tourist sites like the outdoor living museum, Sovereign Hill in Ballarat, Australia. This highlights the diversity that can be found in the sector. The author also does not shy away from the challenges of delivering tourism in a sustainable way and the reader becomes acutely aware of the need for achieving a careful balance between the positive economic impacts of tourism and potentially harmful societal and environmental consequences. Chapter 1 introduces a manifesto for the sustainable evolution of future tourism activity that runs throughout the book.

A slight criticism of the format would be that the term “case study” does not accurately seem to represent the summary sections at the end of the chapters. They seem to cover multiple examples and concepts rather than specific cases. It is perhaps wise for the reader to view these sections as vignettes that are useful as a further exploration of some of the key themes covered in the chapter. However, the questions posed at the end of each chapter are useful for academics as points of debate and reflection for taught sessions, assessment topics or even as ideas for future research.

The last chapter focuses specifically on the future of tourism and hospitality, and therefore for readers of this journal this is perhaps the key chapter. The reader is encouraged to reflect on how history can impact the future of tourism, a process that is at the heart of futurology. A four-dimensional matrix is presented, which attempts to predict the future impacts on tourism and what responses will be needed from industry and the academic community. There is a positive appeal made to academic researchers in the field to adapt their approaches to make it easier for practitioners to follow the managerial implications of their research, but the author also calls for industry to support primary research into tourism futures. The author also highlights the future complexities that both tourism practitioners and academics will face, for instance, in reconciling the human focus of tourism with technological development. Nevertheless, the book ends on an optimistic note reflecting on the permanence of tourism as a driving force in the future of global development. Having read the entire book and witnessed just how embedded tourism has been in society since c.9000 BC, it is hard not to agree with the author.

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A History of Modern Tourism

Tourism is one of the largest industries in the world, yet leisure travel is more than just economically important. It plays a vital role in defining who we are by helping to place us in space and time. In so doing, it has aesthetic, medical, political, cultural, and social implications. However, it hasn’t always been so. Tourism as we know it is a surprisingly modern thing, both a product of modernity and a force helping to shape it. A History of Modern Tourism is the first book to track the origins and evolution of this pursuit from earliest times to the present. From a new understanding of aesthetics to scientific change, from the invention of steam power to the creation of aircraft, from an elite form of education to family car trips to see national ‘shrines,’ this book offers a sweeping and engaging overview of a fascinating story not yet widely known.

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History of Travel and Tourism

2017, The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Travel & Tourism

Related Papers

Prof. Konstantinos Andriotis

The view of tourism’s past for Greece is dominated by narratives of early travelers who recorded their experiences punctuated by reference to Greek archaeological treasures, the natural history and the population, and portrayed Greece as a place of difference. Based on these accounts, this study undertakes a typological approach as a crucial element of understanding early Greek travelers’ interests. A typological interpretation of early travel accounts has resulted in six groups of travelers, namely the antiquaries, the collectors, the philhellenists, the artists, the environmentalists, and the professional travelers. These types are compared with modern tourism in an attempt to identify similarities and differences that will help to establish continuity between early and modern traveling. Keywords: early travelers, travel accounts, modern tourists, typology, Greece

Tourism Management

John Towner

Zuccina Bartali

Various academic disciplines have repeatedly sought to re-evaluate the significance of tourism. Globalised tourism's so-cio-economic place within the framework of the leisure and holidaying opportunities on offer today has attracted particular attention. Such accounts often leave out the fact that this also has a history. The present article aims to overcome this shortcoming: it seeks to present an overview of the important structures, processes, types and trends of tourism against the background of historical developments. It deals with early forms of travel in the classical world and the Middle Ages, as well as the precursors of modern tourism, Bildungsreisen ("educational journeys") and the middle-class culture of travel. It then examines the boom in mass tourism in the 19th century and the unique expansion of tourism in the 1960s characterised by new forms of holidaying and experience shaped by globalisation.

Allen J Dieterich-Ward

CHAUVET Arnaud

The conventional view of tourism's past is dominated by the history of western cultural experience. Tourism starts with the wealthy, with images of prestigious visits to spas and seaside resorts, Grand Tours and the activities of business entrepreneurs such as Thomas Cook, before it begins to filter down the social ladder. This paper argues that more attention should be paid to tourism's past in non-western societies and cultures and to the more ordinary and routine practices of a wider cross-section of the population. It is too simplistic to portray tourism's evolution as a geographical process of diffusion from one or two core areas and a social process of downward movement from the affluent. Reasons for the prevailing image of tourism's past are suggested and several ideas are proposed for broadening research into its history.

Giants of Tourism

Kevin D O'Gorman

When tourism began, and who the first tourists were, is a question that many have tried to answer, only to end up looking naive when new discoveries have proved their theories wrong. However, it is safe to say that tourism did not start with Thomas Cook, substantial though his contribution might have been (see Chapter 6, this volume). Antiquity is littered with examples of individuals who have made significant, often unintentional, contributions to the industry, some of whom are explored here. Characteristics of travel for curiosity or pleasure can be found from at least 1500 BC. The tombs and temples of the pharaohs began as early as 2700 BC, and by 1500 BC, the Sphinx and the three great pyramids were already over a thousand years old, became early tourist attractions, and consequently suffered from ancient vandalism. Inside one of the pyramids, on one of the walls, a 3500 year old graffiti remains. A message that can be dated back to 1244 BC reads: 'Hadnakhte, scribe of the treasury ... came to make an excursion and amuse himself on the west of Memphis, together with his brother, Panakhd, scribe of the Vizier' (Yoyotte, 1960, p. 57). When reviewing ancient texts it would seem that tourist behaviour has not particularly evolved over the last 3500 years - see something new, experience something different and leave one's mark behind.

Jorge Rodrigues Simao

JORGE R O D R I G U E S SIMAO

The history of tourism traces back to ancient civilizations, with evidence of early travels for leisure and cultural exchange dating back thousands of years. The development of modern tourism can be traced back to the Grand Tour of Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, where wealthy European nobles would travel for educational and cultural purposes. The Industrial Revolution played a significant role in the growth of mass tourism, as improvements in transportation and increased leisure time allowed for more people to travel for pleasure. The rise of global tourism in the 20th century was fueled by advancements in technology and transportation, making it easier and more affordable for people to travel to far-off destinations. The history of tourism is closely intertwined with economic development, as many countries have relied on the industry as a major source of revenue and job creation. The impact of tourism on local communities and the environment has become a major concern in recent years, as overcrowding and environmental degradation have become significant issues in popular tourist destinations.

Con Antonio

Marco Dorati

Annals of Tourism Research

Gerrit Verhoeven

Foreshadowing Tourism aims to hone or even to upset our understanding of the genesis of tourism. It has long been assumed that nineteenth-century tourism was rooted in the early modern Grand Tour. However, Netherlandish travel diaries, along with some literature from England, Germany, and France, evidence a missing link in this regard. The late seventeenth century witnessed the coming of divertissante somertogjes (pleasurable summer trips) that were in fact poles apart from a classic Grand Tour. By scrutinizing modern features of this novel form of travel (such as its brief and seasonal timing, and the fact that its main motivations were leisure and cultural interests) and more obsolete traits (such as the lack of recurrence or the relatively exclusivity of such touring parties) I seek to restore these speelreysjes (pleasure trips) to their rightful place within the genealogy of travel and tourism. I will also evaluate the potential effects of a transport (r)evolution, cultural development, and a rise in living standards on early modern travel behavior.

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The History and Evolution of Tourism

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• ISBN-10 1800621280
• ISBN-13 978-1800621282
• Publisher CABI
• Publication date February 15, 2022
• Language English
• Dimensions 6.75 x 0.5 x 9.75 inches
• Print length 168 pages
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• Publisher ‏ : ‎ CABI (February 15, 2022)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 168 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1800621280
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1800621282
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.05 pounds
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6.75 x 0.5 x 9.75 inches
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