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360° Tour inside the Great Pyramid of Giza (Video)

Read Later

The BBC's 360° tour through the Great Pyramid of Giza , one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, provides viewers with an immersive virtual reality experience. The video tour starts in the heart of the pyramid, the ceremonial passage known as the Grand Gallery, and continues to the King's Chamber . The precision and architectural brilliance of the pyramid become evident as the viewers navigate through the narrow, low-roofed passages of this over 4,500-year-old edifice.

The video also explores the mysterious subterranean chamber, a feature of the pyramid normally closed off to the public. This enigmatic section is hewn out of the bedrock below ground level and, unlike the smooth surfaces found elsewhere in the pyramid, has rough and irregular walls. The purpose of this chamber and its unusual features, including a strange deep shaft and a short tunnel that ends abruptly, remain a mystery. Despite the enduring secrets it holds, the Great Pyramid , thanks to technological advances in virtual reality, now also shines as a marvel in the virtual world, giving us an unprecedented look into its fascinating interiors.

Great White Pyramid: Did You know Giza’s Great Pyramid Was Once Dazzling White?
The Hidden Message in Khafre’s Pyramid: What Were the Builders Trying to Tell Us?

Top image: Stairway inside the Great Pyramid, Egypt. Source: witthaya / Adobe Stock.

By Joanna Gillan

Joanna Gillan is a Co-Owner, Editor and Writer of Ancient Origins.

Joanna completed a Bachelor of Science (Psychology) degree in Australia and published research in the field of Educational Psychology. She has a rich and varied career, ranging from teaching... Read More

Take an 360° Interactive Tour Inside the Great Pyramid of Giza

in Architecture , History | July 31st, 2020 1 Comment

You can’t take it with you if you’ve got nothing to take with you.

Once upon a time, the now-empty Great Pyramid of Giza was sumptuously appointed inside and out, to ensure that Pharaoh Khufu, or Cheops as he was known to the Ancient Greeks, would be well received in the afterlife.

Bling was a serious thing.

Thousand of years further on, cinematic portrayals have us convinced that tomb raiders were greedy 19th- and 20th-century curators, eagerly filling their vitrines with stolen artifacts.

There’s some truth to that, but modern Egyptologists are fairly convinced that Khufu’s pyramid was looted shortly after his reign, by opportunists looking to grab some goodies for their journey to the afterlife.

At any rate, it’s been picked clean.

Perhaps one day, we 21st-century citizens can opt in to a pyramid experience akin to Rome Reborn , a digital crutch for our feeble imagination to help us past the empty sarcophagus and bare walls that have defined the world’s oldest tourist attraction’s interiors for … well, not quite ever, but certainly for Flaubert , Mark Twain , and 12th-century scholar Abd al-Latif .

Fast forwarding to 2017, the BBC’s Rajan Datar hosted “ Secrets of the Great Pyramid ,” a podcast episode featuring Egyptologist Salima Ikram , space archaeologist Dr Sarah Parcak , and archaeologist, Dr Joyce Tyldesley .

The experts were keen to clear up a major misconception that the 4600-year-old pyramid was built by aliens or enslaved laborers, rather than a permanent staff of architects and engineers, aided by Egyptian civilians eager to barter their labor for meat, fish, beer, and tax abatement.

Datar’s question about a scanning project that would bring further insight into the Pyramid of Giza’s construction and layout was met with excitement.

This attraction, old as it is, has plenty of new secrets to be discovered.

We’re happy to share with you, readers, that 3 years after that episode was taped, the future is here.

The scanning is complete.

Witness the BBC’s 360° tour inside the Great Pyramid of Giza.

Use your mouse to crane your neck, if you like.

As of this writing, you could tour the pyramid in person , should you wish—the usual touristic hoards are definitely dialed down.

But, given the contagion, perhaps better to tour the King’s Chamber, the Queen’s Chamber, and the Grand Gallery virtually, above.

(An interesting tidbit: the pyramid was more distant to the ancient Romans than the Colosseum is to us.)

Listen to the BBC’s “Secrets of the Great Pyramid” episode here .

Tour the Great Pyramid of Giza here .

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Tour Inside The Great Pyramid

Discover the ancient mysteries of the Great Pyramid of Giza with our exclusive Tour Inside The Great Pyramid. Step into the heart of this iconic wonder, explore hidden chambers, and unravel the enigma of the pharaohs. Book your tour today for an extraordinary experience that will leave you in awe of Egypt’s ancient past.

Embark on a once-in-a-lifetime journey as you venture inside the Great Pyramid of Giza, the last surviving wonder of the ancient world. Our Tour Inside The Great Pyramid offers a rare opportunity to explore the inner chambers and corridors of this architectural marvel. Walk in the footsteps of pharaohs and immerse yourself in the rich history and mystique that surrounds this extraordinary monument.

Highlights :

Entrance to the Great Pyramid: Gain exclusive access to the interior of the Great Pyramid, one of the most iconic and enigmatic structures ever built. Marvel at the intricate craftsmanship and learn about the pyramid’s construction.
King’s Chamber: Explore the innermost chamber of the pyramid, known as the King’s Chamber. Admire the massive granite sarcophagus and learn about its significance in ancient Egyptian beliefs and rituals.
Queen’s Chamber: Visit the Queen’s Chamber, a smaller but equally fascinating chamber within the pyramid. Discover its purpose and speculate on its mysteries.

Advantages:

Limited Group Size: Enjoy an intimate and immersive experience with a limited group size, ensuring a more personal and meaningful exploration of the Great Pyramid.
Expert Egyptologist Guide: Our knowledgeable Egyptologist guide will provide in-depth insights into the pyramid’s history, construction, and significance, enriching your understanding of this ancient wonder.
Convenience and Flexibility: Benefit from convenient hotel pickup and drop-off, and the flexibility to customize the tour to suit your needs, including changing the pickup time.
8:00 AM: Hotel pickup in Cairo or Giza
Transfer to the Giza Plateau
Enter the Great Pyramid and begin the guided exploration of its interior
Visit the King’s Chamber and learn about its significance
Explore the Queen’s Chamber and unravel its mysteries
Return to the entrance of the pyramid and conclude the tour
Transfer back to your hotel

Inclusions:

Hotel pickup and drop-off
Professional Egyptologist guide
Entrance fees to the Great Pyramid

Exclusions:

Gratuities (optional)
Personal expenses

Tips and Advice for Travelers:

Wear comfortable clothing and shoes suitable for walking and climbing narrow passages inside the pyramid.
Bring a flashlight or use the flashlight feature on your phone for better visibility inside the chambers.
Respect the ancient site by following the instructions of your guide and refraining from touching or damaging the pyramid’s walls.
Photography is allowed inside the pyramid, but using flash may be prohibited, so be prepared for low-light conditions.

Trip Notes:

The tour operates on select days and is subject to availability.
Duration: Approximately 2-3 hours.
This tour is not recommended for claustrophobic individuals or those with mobility issues, as it involves walking on uneven surfaces and navigating narrow passages.
The tour may be subject to changes or cancellations due to unforeseen circumstances, such as weather conditions or site closures. In such cases, an alternative itinerary will be provided.

Q: Can I book the tour on the same day? A: Due to limited availability, we recommend booking in advance to secure your spot for the Tour Inside The Great Pyramid. However, same-day bookings may be possible, subject to availability.

Q: Can children join the tour? A: Children aged 6 and above are welcome to join the tour. Please note that infants and young children under the age of 6 are not permitted inside the pyramid due to safety regulations.

Q: Can I customize the tour? A: Yes, we offer customization options to suit your needs. If you require any changes to the pickup time or have specific preferences, please contact our customer support team to discuss the possibilities.

Inside the Great Pyramid

No structure in the world is more mysterious than the Great Pyramid. But who first broke into its well-guarded interior? When? And what did they find?

There is a story, regrettably apocryphal, about Napoleon and the Great Pyramid. When Bonaparte visited Giza during his Nile expedition of 1798 (it goes), he determined to spend a night alone inside the King's Chamber, the granite-lined vault that lies precisely in the center of the pyramid. This chamber is generally acknowledged as the spot where Khufu , the most powerful ruler of Egypt's Old Kingdom (c.2690-2180 BC), was interred for all eternity, and it still contains the remains of Pharaoh's sarcophagus—a fractured mass of red stone that is said to ring like a bell when struck.

Having ventured alone into the pyramid's forbidding interior and navigated its cramped passages armed with nothing but a guttering candle, Napoleon emerged the next morning white and shaken, and thenceforth refused to answer any questions about what had befallen him that night. Not until 23 years later, as he lay on his death bed, did the emperor at last consent to talk about his experience. Hauling himself painfully upright, he began to speak—only to halt almost immediately.

"Oh, what's the use," he murmured, sinking back. "You'd never believe me."

As I say, the story is not true—Napoleon's private secretary, De Bourrienne, who was with him in Egypt, insists that he never went inside the tomb. (A separate tradition suggests that the emperor, as he waited for other members of his party to scale the outside of the pyramid, passed the time calculating that the structure contained sufficient stone to erect a wall around all France 12 feet high and one foot thick.) That the tale is told at all, however, is testament to the fascination exerted by this most mysterious of monuments–and a reminder that the pyramid's interior is at least as compelling as its exterior. Yes, it is impressive to know that Khufu's monument was built from 2.3 million stone blocks, each weighing on average more than two tons and cut using nothing more than copper tools; to realize that its sides are precisely aligned to the cardinal points of the compass and differ one from another in length by no more than two inches, and to calculate that, at 481 feet, the pyramid remained the tallest man-made structure in the world for practically 4,000 years—until the main spire of Lincoln Cathedral was completed in about 1400 A.D. But these superlatives do not help us to understand its airless interior.

The interior of the Great Pyramid. Plan by Charles Piazzi Smyth, 1877.

Few would be so bold as to suggest that, even today, we know why Khufu ordered the construction of what is by far the most elaborate system of passages and chambers concealed within any pyramid. His is the only one of the 35 such tombs constructed between 2630 and 1750 B.C. to contain tunnels and vaults well above ground level. (Its immediate predecessors, the Bent Pyramid and the North Pyramid at Dahshur , have vaults built at ground level; all the others are solid structures whose burial chambers lie well underground.) For years, the commonly accepted theory was that the Great Pyramid's elaborate features were the product of a succession of changes in plan, perhaps to accommodate Pharaoh's increasingly divine stature as his reign went on, but the American Egyptologist Mark Lehner has marshaled evidence suggesting that the design was fixed before construction began. If so, the pyramid's internal layout becomes even more mysterious, and that's before we bear in mind the findings of the Quarterly Review , which reported in 1818, after careful computation, that the structure's known passages and vaults occupy a mere 1/7,400th of its volume, so that "after leaving the contents of every second chamber solid by way of separation, there might be three thousand seven hundred chambers, each equal in size to the sarcophagus chamber, [hidden] within."

But if the thinking behind the pyramid's design remains unknown, there is a second puzzle that should be easier to solve: the question of who first entered the Great Pyramid after it was sealed in about 2566 B.C. and what they found inside it.

It's a problem that gets remarkably little play in mainstream studies, perhaps because it's often thought that all Egyptian tombs—with the notable exception of Tutankhamun's —were plundered within years of their completion. There's no reason to suppose that the Great Pyramid would have been exempt; tomb-robbers were no respecters of the dead, and there is evidence that they were active at Giza—when the smallest of the three pyramids there, which was built by Khufu's grandson Menkaure, was broken open in 1837, it was found to contain a mummy that had been interred there around 100 B.C. In other words, the tomb had been ransacked and reused.

The evidence that the Great Pyramid was similarly plundered is more equivocal; the accounts we have say two quite contradictory things. They suggest that the upper reaches of the structure remained sealed until they were opened under Arab rule in the ninth century A.D. But they also imply that when these intruders first entered the King's Chamber, the royal sarcophagus was already open and Khufu's mummy was nowhere to be seen.

This problem is one of more than merely academic interest, if only because some popular accounts of the Great Pyramid take as their starting point the idea that Khufu was never interred there, and go on to suggest that if the pyramid was not a tomb, it must have been intended as a storehouse for ancient wisdom, or as an energy accumulator, or as a map of the future of mankind. Given that, it's important to know what was written by the various antiquaries, travelers and scientists who visited Giza before the advent of modern Egyptology in the 19th century.

Let's start by explaining that the pyramid contains two distinct tunnel systems, the lower of which corresponds to those found in earlier monuments, while the upper (which was carefully hidden and perhaps survived inviolate much longer) is unique to the Great Pyramid. The former system begins at a concealed entrance 56 feet above ground in the north face, and proceeds down a low descending passage to open, deep in the bedrock on which the pyramid was built, into what is known as the Subterranean Chamber. This bare and unfinished cavern, inaccessible today, has an enigmatic pit dug into its floor and serves as the starting point for a small, cramped tunnel of unknown purpose that dead-ends in the bedrock.

Above, within the main bulk of the pyramid, the second tunnel system leads up to a series of funerary vaults. To outwit tomb robbers, this Ascending Passage was blocked with granite plugs, and its entrance in the Descending Passage was disguised with a limestone facing identical to the surrounding stones. Beyond it lies the 26-foot-high Grand Gallery , the Queen's Chamber and the King's Chamber. Exciting discoveries have been made in the so-called air shafts found in both these chambers, which lead up toward the pyramid's exterior. The pair in the Queen's Chamber, concealed behind masonry until they were rediscovered late in the 19th century, are the ones famously explored by robot a few years ago and shown to end in mysterious miniature "doors." These revelations that have done little to dampen hope that the pyramid hides further secrets.

It is generally supposed that the Descending Passage was opened in antiquity; both Herodotus , in 445 B.C., and Strabo , writing around 20 A.D., give accounts that imply this. There is nothing, though, to show that the secret of the Ascending Passage was known to the Greeks or Romans. It is not until we reach the 800s, and the reign of an especially curious and learned Muslim ruler, the Caliph Ma'mun , that the record becomes interesting again.

It's here that it becomes necessary to look beyond the obvious. Most scholarly accounts state unequivocally that it was Ma'mun who first forced his way into the upper reaches of the pyramid, in the year 820 A.D. By then, they say, the location of the real entrance had been long forgotten, and the caliph therefore chose what seemed to be a likely spot and set his men to forcing a new entry—a task they accomplished with the help of a large slice of luck.

Popular Science magazine, in 1954 , put it this way:

Starting on the north face, not far from the secret entrance they had failed to find, Al-Mamun's men drove a tunnel blindly into the pyramid's solid rock.... The tunnel had progressed about 100 feet southward into the pyramid when the muffled thud of a falling rock slab, somewhere near them, electrified the diggers. Burrowing eastward whence the sound had come, they broke into the Descending Passage. Their hammering, they found, had shaken down the limestone slab hiding the plugged mouth of the Ascending Passage.

It was then, modern accounts continue, that Ma'mun's men realized that they had uncovered a secret entrance. Tunneling around the impenetrable granite, they emerged in the Ascending Passage below the Grand Gallery. At that point, they had defeated most of Khufu's defenses, and the upper reaches of the pyramid lay open to them.

That's the story, anyway, and—if accurate—it adds considerably to the mystery of the Great Pyramid. If the upper passages had remained hidden, what happened to Khufu's mummy and to the rich funerary ornaments so great a king would surely have been buried with? Only one alternate route into the upper vaults exists—a crude "well shaft" whose entrance was concealed next to the Queen's Chamber, and which exits far below in the Descending Passage. This was apparently dug as an escape route for the workers who placed the granite plugs. But it is far too rough and narrow to allow large pieces of treasure to pass, which means the puzzle of the King's Chamber remains unresolved.

Is it possible, though, that the Arab accounts that Egyptologists depend on so unquestioningly may not be all they seem? Some elements ring true—for instance, it has been pointed out that later visitors to the Great Pyramid were frequently plagued by giant bats, which made their roosting places deep in its interior; if Ma'mun's men did not encounter them, that might suggest no prior entry. But other aspects of these early accounts are far less credible. Read in the original, the Arab histories paint a confused and contradictory picture of the pyramids; most were composed several centuries after Ma'mun's time, and none so much as mentions the vital date–820 A.D.— so confidently stated in every Western work published since the 1860s. Indeed, the reliability of all these modern accounts is called into question by the fact that the chronology of Ma'mun's reign makes it clear he spent 820 in his capital, Baghdad. The caliph visited Cairo only once, in 832. If he did force entry into the Great Pyramid, it must have been in that year.

How can the Egyptologists have got such a simple thing wrong? Almost certainly, the answer is that those who spend their lives studying ancient Egypt have no reason to know much about medieval Muslim history. But this means they do not realize that the Arab chronicles they cite are collections of legends and traditions needing interpretation. Indeed, the earliest, written by the generally reliable al-Mas'udi and dating to no earlier than c. 950, does not even mention Ma'mun as the caliph who visited Giza. Al-Mas'udi attributes the breaching of the pyramid to Ma'mun's father, Haroun al-Rashid, a ruler best remembered as the caliph of the Thousand and One Nights —and he appears in a distinctly fabulous context. When, the chronicler writes, after weeks of labor Haroun's men finally forced their way in, they:

found a vessel filled with a thousand coins of the finest gold, each of which was a dinar in weight. When Haroun al-Rashid saw the gold, he ordered that the expenses he incurred should be calculated, and the amount was found exactly equal to the treasure which was discovered.

It should be stated here that least one apparently straightforward account of Ma'mun's doings does survive; Al-Idrisi , writing in 1150, says that the caliph's men uncovered both ascending and descending passages, plus a vault containing a sarcophagus which, when opened, proved to contain ancient human remains. But other chroniclers of the same period tell different and more fantastical tales. One, Abu Hamid, the Andalusian author of the Tuhfat al Albab , insists that he himself entered the Great Pyramid, yet goes on to talk of several large "apartments" containing bodies "enveloped in many wrappers, that had become black through length of time," and then insists that

those who went up there in the time of Ma'mun came to a small passage, containing the image of a man in green stone, which was taken out for examination before the Caliph; when it was opened a human body was discovered in golden armor, decorated with precious stones, and in his hand was a sword of inestimable value, and above his head a ruby the size of an egg, which shone like fire.

What, though, of the earliest accounts of the tunnel dug into the pyramid? Here the most influential writers are two other Muslim chroniclers, Abd al-Latif (c.1220) and the renowned world traveler Ibn Battuta (c.1360). Both men report that Ma'mun ordered his men to break into Khufu's monument using fire and sharpened iron stakes—first the stones of the pyramid were heated, then cooled with vinegar, and, as cracks appeared in them, hacked to pieces using sharpened iron staves. Ibn Battuta adds that a battering ram was used to smash open a passage.

Nothing in either of these accounts seems implausible, and the Great Pyramid does indeed bear the scar of a narrow passage that has been hacked into its limestone and which is generally supposed to have been excavated by Ma'mun. The forced passage is located fairly logically, too, right in the middle of the north face, a little below and a little to the right of the real (but then concealed) entrance, which the cunning Egyptians of Khufu's day had placed 24 feet off center in an attempt to out-think would-be tomb robbers. Yet the fact remains that the Arab versions were written 400 to 500 years after Ma'mun's time; to expect them to be accurate summaries of what took place in the ninth century is the equivalent of asking today's casual visitor to Virginia to come up with a credible account of the lost colony of Roanoke. And on top of that, neither Abd al-Latif nor Ibn Battuta says anything about how Ma'mun decided where to dig, or mentions the story of the falling capstone guiding the exhausted tunnelers.

Given all this, it is legitimate to ask why anyone believes it was Ma'mun who entered the Great Pyramid, and to wonder how the capstone story entered circulation. The answer sometimes advanced to the first question is that there is a solitary account that dates, supposedly, to the 820s and so corroborates Arab tradition. This is an old Syriac fragment (first mentioned in this context in 1802 by a French writer named Silvestre de Sacy) which relates that the Christian patriarch Dionysius Telmahrensis accompanied Ma'mun to the pyramids and described the excavation that the caliph made there. Yet this version of events, too, turns out to date to hundreds of years later. It appears not in the chronicle that De Sacy thought was written by Dionysius (and which we now know was completed years before Ma'mun's time, in 775-6 A.D., and composed by someone else entirely), but in the 13th century Chronicon Ecclesiasticum of Bar-Hebraeus . This author, another Syrian bishop, incorporates passages of his predecessor's writings, but there is no way of establishing whether they are genuine. To make matters worse, the scrap relating to the pyramids says only that Dionysius looked into "an opening" in one of the three monuments of Giza—which might or might not have been a passage in the Great Pyramid, and might or might not have excavated by Ma'mun. This realization takes us no closer to knowing whether the caliph really was responsible for opening the pyramid, and leaves us as dependent on late date Arab sources as we were before.

As for the story of the falling capstone–that remains an enigma. A concerted hunt reveals it first appeared in the middle of the 19th century, published by Charles Piazzi Smyth. But Smyth does not say where he found it. There are hints, which I still hope to run to ground some day, that it may have made its first appearance in the voluminous works of a Muslim scientist, Abu Salt al-Andalusi . Abu Salt likewise traveled in Egypt. Very intriguingly, he picked up much of his information while held under house arrest in an ancient library in Alexandria.

The problem, though, is this: even if Smyth got his story from Abu Salt, and even if Abu Salt was scrupulous, the Muslim chronicler was writing not in the 820s but in the 12th century. (He was imprisoned in Egypt in 1107-11.) So while there may still be an outside chance that the account of the falling capstone is based on some older, now lost source, we certainly can't say that for certain. It may be equally likely that the story is a pure invention.

You see, the forced entry that has been driven into the pyramid is just a little too good to be true. Put it this way: perhaps the question that we should be asking is how a passage dug apparently at random in a structure the size of the Great Pyramid emerges at the exact spot where the Descending and the Ascending Passages meet, and where the secrets of the upper reaches of the pyramid are at their most exposed.

Coincidence? I hardly think so. More likely someone, somewhere, sometime knew precisely where to dig. Which would mean the chances are that "Ma'mun's passage" was hacked out centuries before the Muslims came to Egypt, if only to be choked with rubble and forgotten—perhaps even in dynastic times. And that, in turn, means something else: that Khufu's greatest mystery was never quite as secret as he'd hoped.

Jean-Baptiste Abbeloos & Thomas Lamy. Gregorii Barhebræi Chronicon Ecclesiasticum.. . Louvain, 3 volumes: Peeters, 1872-77; Anon. 'Observations relating to some of the Antiquities of Egypt...' Quarterly Review XXXVIII, 1818; JB Chabot. Chronique de Denys de Tell-Mahré. Quatrième partie . Paris, 2 vols: É. Bouillon, 1895; Okasha El Daly, Egyptology: The Missing Millennium: Ancient Egypt in Medieval Arabic Writings . London: UCL, 2005; John & Morton Edgar. Great Pyramid Passages . Glasgow: 3 vols, Bone & Hulley, 1910; Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne. Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte. Edinburgh, 4 vols: Constable, 1830; John Greaves. Pyramidographia . London: J. Brindley, 1736; Hugh Kennedy, The Court of the Caliphs: the Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2004; Ian Lawton & Chris Ogilvie-Herald. Giza: The Truth . London: Virgin, 1999; Mark Lehner. The Complete Pyramids . London: Thames & Hudson, 1997; William Flinders Petrie. The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh . London: Field & Tuer, 1873; Silvestre de Sacy. 'Observations sur le nom des Pyramides.' [From the "Magasin encyclopédique."] . Paris: np, 1802; Charles Piazzi Smyth. Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid . London: Alexander Strahan, 1864; Richard Howard Vyse. Operations Carried Out at the Pyramids of Gizeh in 1837 . London, 3 vols: James Fraser, 1840; Robert Walpole. Memoirs Relating to European and Asiatic Turkey . London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, 1818; Witold Witakowski, The Syriac Chronicle of Pseudo-Dionysius of Tel-Mahre . Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiskell International, 1987; Witold Witakowski (trans), Pseudo-Dionysius of Tel-Mahre Chronicle (Also Known as the Chronicle of Zuqnin) . Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1996.

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Mike Dash is a contributing writer in history for Smithsonian.com. Before Smithsonian.com, Dash authored the award-winning blog A Blast From the Past.

Yes, You Can Explore Inside The Pyramids Of Giza (And Here's What You'll See)

You don't want to miss the chance to visit the Pyramids of Giza. The ancient structures are one of the Seven Wonders of the World and are well worth the trip. Located on the Giza Plateau, just outside of Cairo, Egypt, the pyramids offer a spectacle from the outside and a chance to explore their interiors. You can book guided tours of the area so you don't miss the opportunity to see the Sphinx or the incredible views from Panoramic Point. You should definitely include a camel ride as part of the experience.

The incredible tombs were built somewhere between 2550 to 2490 B.C. and have withstood nearly 5,000 years of natural elements, tourists, and archeological fascination, not to mention centuries of grave robbers. Their construction is still a mystery, and estimates of how long it took to build the structures are guesses at best. Their mystery is part of the appeal of visiting the Pyramids of Giza, and your chance to explore not just the outside structures but the inside offers a full immersion into these structural wonders.

How much it costs to get inside the Pyramids of Giza

There are three main pyramids that make up the great Pyramids of Giza, though in the area, there are other, smaller pyramids as well as the Great Sphinx of Giza. So when you go, there's a lot to see. The largest and most famous of the three is the Pyramid of Khufu, followed by the second biggest, the Pyramid of Khafre. The smallest of the three is the Pyramid of Menkaure.

Since over 14 million tourists visit the Pyramids of Giza yearly, it's good to note when to call. October to March, Egypt's winter, is the most popular time since it's cooler, but this means that the crowds are larger. If you can stand the heat, April to September is less crowded, but it's best to arrive at 8 a.m. to beat rising afternoon temperatures.

Visiting Khufu commands about $16, while the other two pyramids cost about $4 each. Many tourists have noted that there's usually only the option of seeing two pyramids in a visit. Khufu is almost always open, and one of the smaller two is as well, while the other is closed for restoration on alternating schedules.

The tombs are empty because of grave robbers

Don't expect a lot from the interiors of the Pyramids of Giza. Ancient Egyptians didn't start decorating with hieroglyphics until several centuries after these pyramids were constructed, so the interior walls are bare. Any ornate objects or treasures were plundered centuries ago, so the interior chambers are plain. Tourists have noted that the interior chamber of Khufu is empty except for a large, plain sarcophagus. This is accessible after a moderately difficult walk through narrow passageways, many of which are not tall enough to stand full height.

Inside Khafre's Pyramid, tourists initially descend into a lower chamber before making their way to the upper enclosure, where there's another sarcophagus. The only marking on the walls is a line of writing from Giovanni Belzoni, an Italian explorer, who wrote "Scoperta da (Discovered by) G. Belzoni. 2. Mar. 1818," on the wall. He claimed he had discovered the tomb, but according to Nile Magazine, robbers had located it much earlier and emptied it of its valuable contents.

While the burial chambers still hold sarcophagi, there are no mummies in the Pyramids of Giza — the bodies of the kings have never been found. Despite this, the interiors of the pyramids are well worth exploring, but virtually every travel site mentioned that these tours might be more challenging if you struggle with claustrophobia.

Cairo Attractions
Pyramids of Giza

Pyramid of Khufu

Pyramid of menkaure, pyramid of khafre.

Great Sphinx
Giza Plateau
Giza Necropolis

Plan Your Visit

Pyramids of Giza Day Tours
Pyramids of Giza Camel Safari
Egyptian Museum Tickets

Inside Pyramids of Giza | Tombs, Temples & More

The Pyramids of Giza are one of Egypt's top attractions and see millions of visitors every year. Today, they are both a UNESCO Heritage Site and one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Located in the Giza Necropolis, the pyramids are part of a cluster of ancient monuments. Before you plan a visit , read on to find out more about what is inside the Pyramids of Giza.

What’s inside the Pyramids of Giza?

While the Pyramids of Giza were once sealed to prevent people from entering, today you can actually go inside the pyramids and see the inner workings of these incredible monuments.

Unfortunately, most of the pyramid’s treasures were looted, but you can still descend through its passageways and see the sarcophagus (or coffins) of these ancient kings of Egypt.

How to get inside the Pyramids of Giza?

Pyramids of Giza tickets start at EGP 200 per person for adults and EGP 100 for children and students. While you can buy tickets to the palace at the entrance, it is recommended that you pre-book your tickets online .

If you have not bought a comprehensive ticket, or it is not included in your tour package, please keep in mind that entering the pyramids themselves costs extra.

The Great Pyramid of Khufu: EGP 400
The Pyramid of Khafre: EGP 100
The Pyramid of Menkaure: EGP 100
Solar Boat Museum: EGP 100

Note: There are two ticket offices, one near each entrance to the Pyramid of Giza - the Sphinx Entrance, and the Great Pyramid Entrance.

Pyramids of Giza Location >

Book Pyramids of Giza tickets

Explore the inside of the pyramids of giza.

The Pyramid of Khufu, also known as the Great Pyramid is situated on the northernmost side of the Giza Necropolis.

What to see inside the Pyramids of Giza?

The Great Pyramid features three burial chambers inside, which can be accessed by entering through the “Robbers' Tunnel”. A sloping passageway named the Grand Gallery leads to three chambers - the “Queen’s Chamber”, the King's Chamber, and the Subterranean Chamber.

They are all built of closely fitting slabs of red granite, some of which weigh over 400 tons.

Visitors can make their way to the King's Chamber and see the sarcophagus of the ancient king, though it is now empty.

The Pyramid of Khafre has two entrances leading to a single burial chamber. While they are less elaborate than those in the Great Pyramid, they are still made out of enormous blocks of granite. The burial chamber itself is carved out of bedrock, with a gabled roof of white limestone.

Like the Great Pyramid, you can go inside and descend through its passageways to see the Pharaoh's stunningly ornate sarcophagus, which was sunk into the floor.

The Pyramid of Menkaure has chambers on three distinct levels, more complex than those of his father Khafre. They include a chamber carved with decorative panels and another with six large niches, as well as a vast burial chamber.

This chamber once held two wooden coffins. One is in the British Museum and the other was sadly lost.

However, just walking through its descending galleries can be a wonderful experience. This pyramid is also typically less crowded than the Great Pyramid.

The Queen’s Pyramids

Near the Pyramids of the three Pharaohs, there are smaller pyramids belonging to the pharaohs’ wives, mothers, and daughters.

There are three small pyramids east of the Great Pyramid of Khufu, belonging to his mother Hetepheres I, and his wives Meritites and Henutsen. There are also three more small Queens’ Pyramids near the Pyramid of Menkaure.

These are built in the same manner as the larger pyramids, with long passageways leading to a burial chamber. They are open to visitors a few at a time. Usually, tickets include a visit to one of the three pyramids of the queens of Khufu. You can also ask the ticket office which ones are open.

Other Highlights Inside the Giza Complex

The Great Sphinx

Situated in front of the Pyramid of Khafre, the colossal Sphinx depicts a mythical creature with the head of a man, and the body of a lion. It is 20 m (66 ft) tall and 73 m (240 ft) long, and is famous for its broken nose. Don’t miss climbing the viewing platform to get the best pictures of the Sphinx.

Solar Barque Museum

Also known as “Khufu's Boat Museum,” the museum houses a reconstruction of the pharaoh Khufu’s solar barque . This was the ship buried with the king to use on his journey across the heavens. In August 2021, the original was relocated to the Egyptian Museum.

Valley Temples

Each of the three main pyramids has a valley temple which was used in the pharaoh’s mummification process, and where priests prepared the deceased pharaoh for burial. You can visit the Valley Temple of Khafre, which is located right near the Sphinx.

Worker's Village

All-inclusive tickets to the pyramids include the Worker’s Village which is not to be missed. This was a small settlement built for the thousands of workers who helped construct the pyramids. Here you will find ancient bakeries, breweries, kitchens, and even a hospital.

When the pharaohs built the pyramids, many lesser royals and nobles who were a part of their court also chose the area as their final resting place. Today you can see hundreds of tombs in the Western and Eastern Cemeteries, with mastabas arranged along near rows and avenues.

Mortuary Temples

Adjoining each pyramid is a mortuary temple, where priests worshipped the deceased pharaohs. Also called “funerary temples”, daily funerary rites were performed here and priests presented offerings of food and other items to the dead kings.

Tips for going inside the Pyramids of Giza

The passageways and galleries inside the pyramids are very narrow, so please reconsider going inside if you suffer from claustrophobia.
It takes about 30 minutes to complete a visit inside the Pyramids of Giza and can take longer on crowded days.
Cameras are not allowed inside the pyramids, and you can leave them at the entrance with the guards. You will get a ticket to collect them after your visit.
If you are planning to go inside the pyramids, avoid long flowy dresses as the passageways can get very steep.
Remember that there are no mummies inside the pyramids since they were all moved to the Egyptian Museum, which is well worth a visit.
You cannot climb up the outside of the pyramids, as it is illegal and extremely dangerous.

Visitor facilities

Toilets: There are many public toilets at the Pyramids of Giza, though some require a small fee.
Baby Changing facilities: While there are no baby changing facilities inside the Pyramids of Giza complex, you will find several options near the attraction.
Dining: On the Giza plateau is the 9 Pyramids Lounge restaurant near the Sphinx, and there are many other eating options close to the Pyramids of Giza.
Shopping: Visitors can purchase gifts and souvenirs from the shops located near the Pyramids of Giza.

Frequently asked questions about what’s inside the Pyramids of Giza

A. Yes, you can go inside the three largest Pyramids of Giza, as well as a number of smaller pyramids at the site. However, you might need to purchase additional tickets to gain entry.

A. Inside the Pyramids of Giza, you will find passageways leading to the burial chamber of the king or the queen.

A. It takes at least 3 hours to tour the Pyramids of Giza, and 30 minutes to explore the inside of each pyramid.

A. The Pyramids of Giza are open from 7 AM to 6 PM from April to September and from 8 AM to 4 PM from October to March.

A. No, visitors are forbidden from climbing the outside of the Pyramids.

A. You can purchase your Pyramids of Giza tickets here .

Getting to the Pyramids of Giza

Pyramids of Giza Opening Hours

Egypt: A photo tour inside the Great Pyramid of Giza

by Trips Of Our Life | Jan 16, 2018 | Africa , Egypt | 0 comments

Yes, the Khufu pyramid is the oldest and largest of the Giza pyramids…Yes, it is the oldest of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient world and the only one that remains until today…and No, I won’t talk about its history at all.

If you don’t know, the Great Pyramid of Giza (aka Khufu) is open to public. You will be able to explore the interior through my next photos. This post mainly concerns the claustrophobics, those who cannot walk bent for a while due to health reasons, and those who would love to visit the pyramids but they haven’t decided it yet. Oh, yes, and those who have already visited the monument but forgot to get inside!

The procedure is simple:

You buy the entrance ticket, which is more expensive for tourists than locals (300eg.pounds=14€/Νοv 2017). The ticket office is placed in the east side of the Pyramid (facing the side of the Sphinx), you pass the security control through a machine similar to those in airports and you reach the side of the pyramid’s entrance. As per my photos, the entrance is a small hole, which you enter and after following the stairs and tunnels you finally arrive in the large Chamber with the Khufu/Cheops sarcophagus inside. The trail is quite short, it needs about 10′ to the King’s Chamber and the same to exit the pyramid, depending on the crowds. Cameras are not allowed inside, the guards are inspecting for them on the entrance. They are not too strict about mobile cameras, but flash use is not allowed inside. That’s why my photos are in low quality and quite dark, but you can still get an idea of the procedure of visiting this amazing archeological site, the King’s Cheops tomb !!!

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Egypt's most mysterious pyramids and tombs – and what was found inside them

Posted: 10 January 2024 | Last updated: 10 January 2024

<p>We all know what Egypt’s pyramids look like on the outside, but what do they look like on the inside? Narrow passageways, spacious chambers and steep galleries make up the bulk of the interior layouts. Relics from the pyramids are on display in museums around the world – and in Giza's Grand Egyptian Museum, opening late-spring 2024 – while the surrounding tombs contained untold wonders too.</p> <p><strong>Click through this gallery to discover the stories behind Egypt's greatest funerary monuments, and learn about the mysterious treasures recovered from its ancient royal tombs...</strong></p>

Life and death in ancient Egypt

We all know what Egypt’s pyramids look like on the outside, but what do they look like on the inside? Narrow passageways, spacious chambers and steep galleries make up the bulk of the interior layouts. Relics from the pyramids are on display in museums around the world – and in Giza's Grand Egyptian Museum, opening late-spring 2024 – while the surrounding tombs contained untold wonders too.

Click through this gallery to discover the stories behind Egypt's greatest funerary monuments, and learn about the mysterious treasures recovered from its ancient royal tombs...

<p>The Great Pyramids of Giza consist of three pyramids, each named after the king they contained: Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure. Khufu Pyramid is the largest of the three, standing at a height of 482 feet (147m). It was constructed between 2550 and 2490 BC, using a whopping 2.3 million stone blocks. King Khufu ruled between 2589 and 2566 BC and was the second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty. </p>

Khufu Pyramid, Giza

The Great Pyramids of Giza complex consists of three pyramids, each named after the king they contained: Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure. The Khufu Pyramid is the largest of the three, standing at a height of 482 feet (147m). It was constructed between 2550 and 2490 BC, using a whopping 2.3 million stone blocks. Khufu ruled between 2589 and 2566 BC and was the second pharaoh of the 4th dynasty.

<p>In 1954, a dismantled wooden ship was discovered buried next to the pyramid – a common inclusion as ancient Egyptians believed these vessels would transport their kings to the afterlife. As the pharaoh was believed to be the earthly representation of Ra, the sun god, they were called solar boats. Until 2021, Khufu's ship was housed in its very own Solar Boat Museum, not far from where it was first discovered, but it has now been moved to the new Grand Egyptian Museum, set to open to the public in early 2023.</p> <p><a href="http://bit.ly/3roL4wv"><strong>Love this? Follow our Facebook page for more features on ancient discoveries and travel inspiration</strong></a></p>

In 1954, a dismantled wooden ship was discovered buried next to the pyramid – a common inclusion as ancient Egyptians believed these vessels would transport their kings to the afterlife. As the pharaoh was believed to be the earthly representation of Ra, the sun god, they were called solar boats. Until 2021, Khufu's ship was housed in its very own Solar Boat Museum, not far from where it was first discovered, but it has now been moved to the new Grand Egyptian Museum, set to open to the public in late-spring 2024.

Love this? Follow our Facebook page to learn about more ancient discoveries

<p>Another aspect of the Khufu Pyramid understandably overlooked during early explorations was the subterranean passages, otherwise referred to as the ‘pit’. In the 18th century, the rubble blocking the descending passageway was cleared and access was regained; a Greek or Roman character was discovered on the ceiling. While it might not look like the most striking discovery, it seemingly confirms the Greek historian Herodotus’ accounts that the pyramid was accessible during the ancient Roman period.</p>

Another aspect of the Khufu Pyramid overlooked during early explorations was a network of subterranean passages, commonly referred to as 'the pit'. In the 18th century, the rubble blocking the descending passageway was cleared away, and a Greek or Roman character was subsequently discovered on one of the tunnel ceilings. It might not look like the most striking discovery, but it seemingly confirmed the Greek historian Herodotus’s accounts that the pyramid's interior was accessible during the ancient Roman period.

<p>For a pyramid so great, very little was discovered in the way of artefacts. Just a mere three items, in fact. Commonly referred to as the ‘Dixon Relics’, named after Waynman Dixon who found them in 1872, the items consist of a granite sphere, a forked copper instrument and a wooden slat. The forked instrument may have included a bone or wooden handle and was likely used to manipulate rope, while the granite sphere worked as a pounder.</p>

For such a grand pyramid very few artefacts were discovered; just three items, in fact. Commonly referred to as 'the Dixon Relics', named after Waynman Dixon who found them in 1872, the items consist of a granite sphere, a forked copper instrument and a wooden slat. The forked instrument may once have included a bone or wooden handle and was likely used to manipulate rope, while the granite sphere worked as a pounder.

<p>The wooden cedar fragment actually went missing for over 100 years, and was only rediscovered in 2020 by accident; a curatorial assistant at the University of Aberdeen managed to relocate the item in a cigar tin. Interestingly, this item was carbon dated to 500 years prior to the construction of the pyramid, posing new questions about when the pyramid was actually built. </p> <p><a href="http://bit.ly/3roL4wv"><strong>Love this? Follow our Facebook page for more features on ancient discoveries and travel inspiration</strong></a></p>

The wooden slat, meanwhile, went missing for more than a century, and was only rediscovered in 2020 when a curatorial assistant at the University of Aberdeen stumbled across the item hidden in a cigar tin. Interestingly, the slat was carbon dated to 500 years before the supposed construction of the pyramid, posing new questions about when it was actually built.

<p>The tunnel (pictured) measures 30 feet (9m) long and at least six feet (1.8m) wide, and is perched above the pyramid's main entrance on its northern side. This image was collected by feeding a minuscule endoscope (camera) through a tiny gap in the pyramid's masonry, and reveals an end chamber marked by two rough limestones. As for its purpose, all anyone can do at present is speculate, and theories range from a secret burial chamber to an architectural space designed to redistribute weight around the structure.</p>

In March 2023, a 4,500-year-old chamber was discovered in the Khufu Pyramid. Located using high-tech equipment, the corridor – which measures 30 feet (9m) long and over six feet (1.8m) wide – is found close to the northern side of the ancient pyramid’s main entrance. The room cannot be accessed from outside – this photo was taken by feeding a tiny camera through cracks in the masonry – and archaeologists are still trying to figure out its purpose.

<p>Located roughly 62 miles (99km) from Cairo, Meidum Pyramid sits in an archaeological site that was built during the reign of King Sneferu, the first pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty (2613 to 2589 BC). Meidum Pyramid was Egypt’s first straight-sided pyramid – affectionately resembling a sandcastle – and explains why it’s often described as a ‘false pyramid’. Numerous construction issues halted the completion of the pyramid, and with this in mind its appearance is noticeably different from other Egyptian pyramids. </p>

Meidum Pyramid, Meidum

Located roughly 62 miles (99km) from Cairo, the Meidum Pyramid was built during the reign of King Sneferu, the first pharaoh of the 4th dynasty (2613 to 2589 BC). The Meidum Pyramid was Egypt’s first straight-sided pyramid – affectionately said by some to resemble a sandcastle – and it's often described as a ‘false pyramid’. Numerous construction issues meant it was never completed, so its appearance is noticeably different to other Egyptian pyramids.

Learn more about the Bent Pyramid and other Ancient Egyptian mysteries

<p>Entering Meidum Pyramid takes visitors along a steep passageway, 56 feet (17m) in length, leading down to what would’ve been the burial chamber. Here, the sarcophagus (a large, stone-built ‘coffin’ usually displayed on ground level) would have held the mummified pharaoh. Except there’s nothing there. The burial chamber was never completed, there are missing burial remains and there’s no valley temple, which was a very standard and important inclusion in royal ancient Egyptian burials. </p>

Entering the Meidum Pyramid takes visitors along a steep passageway, 56 feet (17m) in length, leading down to what would’ve been the burial chamber. Here, the sarcophagus (a large stone-built coffin usually displayed on ground level) would have held the mummified pharaoh. Except there’s nothing there. The burial chamber was never completed, there are no human remains and there’s no valley temple (a place where the royal mummy was received), which was a standard inclusion in royal ancient Egyptian burials.

<p>The Meidum Geese painting was discovered in the burial chamber and is now on display at the Egyptian Museum of Cairo (also known as the Egyptian Museum of Antiquities). The wall painting features six geese: two pairs facing away from each other at the centre, and one goose at each end picking at the grass. Natural paints included white from limestone, red from hematite and green from malachite, and would have been mixed with egg white.</p>

The Meidum Geese painting was discovered in a tomb beside the Meidum Pyramid, and is now on display at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The wall painting features six geese: two pairs facing away from each other at the centre, and one goose at each end picking at the grass. Natural pigments included white from limestone, red from hematite and green from malachite, and would have been mixed with egg white emulsifier.

<p>Although a faster paint-and-plaster approach was applied, you can still admire the exceptional level of detail. It was discovered on the north wall in the tomb chapel of Itet, daughter-in-law of King Snerefru and wife to his son, Nerfermaat. The original wall painting is on display at the Egyptian Museum of Cairo, and would have been part of a larger scene in the tomb. There’s also a replica on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, US.</p> <p><a href="https://www.loveexploring.com/gallerylist/90108/the-bent-pyramid-and-other-ancient-egyptian-mysteries"><strong>Learn more about the Bent Pyramid and other Ancient Egyptian mysteries</strong></a></p>

Although a faster paint-and-plaster approach was applied in this part of the painting, you can still admire the exceptional level of detail. It was discovered on the north wall in the tomb chapel of Itet, daughter-in-law of King Sneferu and wife to his son, Nefermaat. It would have been part of a larger scene in the tomb. While the original wall painting is on display at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, there’s also a replica on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

<p>Dahshur is an ancient plateau located some 20 miles (32km) south of Cairo. Here you’ll find the Bent Pyramid, the second pyramid built by King Sneferu, who this time didn’t create a ‘false pyramid’ like his one at Meidum, but rather its, well, bent-looking shape instead. A number of construction issues gave the pyramid its odd-looking shape, with the lower part of the pyramid rising at an angle of 54 degrees to 154 feet (47m) before suddenly changing to a 43 degree angle. Following 50 years of closure for structural works, the Bent Pyramid finally reopened to the public in 2019.</p>

Bent Pyramid, Dahshur

Dahshur is an ancient plateau located some 20 miles (32km) south of Cairo. Here you’ll find the Bent Pyramid, the second pyramid built by King Sneferu, who added to his straight-sided pyramid at Meidum with another unusual edifice. A number of construction issues gave the pyramid its odd shape, with the lower half rising at an angle of 54 degrees to 154 feet (47m), before suddenly switching to a 43 degree angle. Following a lengthy closure for structural works, the Bent Pyramid's interior finally reopened to the public in 2019.

Discover new secrets of the world's ancient wonders

<p>One of the more recent discoveries at the Bent Pyramid in Dahshur was made in 2021 by researcher Anyextee. He revealed in his <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZN9wZo3TcM&ab_channel=Anyextee">YouTube documentary</a> that there was some graffiti dating to the pyramid’s rediscovery by the western entrance. It was left by Egyptologist John Shae Perring, who started his exploration of the pyramid in September 1839. Anyextee also managed to document a “real-life Indiana Jones trap”. This took the form of a stone gate that would have been lowered across the passageway to block the entrance. </p>

One of the more recent discoveries at the Bent Pyramid was made in 2021 by Anyextee, an author and tour leader. He revealed in a YouTube video that there was some graffiti dating to the pyramid’s rediscovery by the western entrance. It was left by Egyptologist John Shae Perring, who started his exploration of the pyramid in September 1839. Anyextee also managed to document a "real-life Indiana Jones trap": a stone gate that would have been lowered across the passageway to block the entrance.

<p>In 2019, a number of mummies and sarcophagi were located in and around the Bent Pyramid. Most of the mummies were in a well-preserved condition, and had been left inside the stone, clay and wooden sarcophagi. A number of wooden funerary masks and instruments for cutting stone were also discovered at the site. All of the discoveries have been dated to the Late Period (664–332 BC), which date much later than King Sneferu’s reign; this timeframe was considered as one of the final periods of Egyptian rule before the Persians invaded around 525 BC.</p>

In 2019, a number of mummies were located in and around the Bent Pyramid. Most of the mummies were in excellent condition, having been preserved inside stone, clay and wooden sarcophagi. The finds also included a number of funerary masks, all of which dated to the Late Period (664-332 BC) – much later than Sneferu’s 25th century BC reign. The Late Period is widely considered one of the last eras of true Egyptian rule before the Persians invaded around 525 BC.

<p>As well as the recent reopening of the Bent Pyramid to the public, visitors can now enjoy a visit to a smaller, adjoining pyramid. It’s believed that this is where the queen Hetepheres I – the wife of Sneferu, mother of Khufu – was buried. It’s the first time this section has been open to the public since it was first excavated in 1956. While excavations are likely to continue, paying a visit to the Bent Pyramid and around is bound to give you a behind-the-scenes look into the layout and development of the pyramids, and how they slightly differ from one another.</p>

Alongside the 2019 reopening, visitors can also now visit a smaller, adjoining pyramid. It’s believed that this is where Queen Hetepheres I – the wife of Sneferu, mother of Khufu – was buried. It’s the first time this pyramid has been open to the public since it was first excavated in 1956. Excavations at the site are still ongoing, but a visit to the Bent Pyramid is a great way to get a behind-the-scenes look at how the pyramids were laid out, and how they differed from one another.

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<p>Khafre Pyramid is the second-largest and second-tallest pyramid in the Great Pyramids of Giza complex. King Khafre (2558−2532 BC) built this pyramid next to his father’s and is situated 33 feet (10m) higher on the plateau than Khufu Pyramid, giving it a deceivingly larger size; its total height is actually 448 feet (136m). Built between roughly 2520 and 2494 BC, the top of the pyramid maintains part of its outer casing of Tura limestone; today, it makes it look a little like a snow-capped mountain. It’s widely believed that the Great Sphinx in front of the pyramid was built for Khafre too.</p>

Khafre Pyramid, Giza

Khafre Pyramid is the second largest pyramid in the Pyramids of Giza complex. King Khafre (2558-2532 BC) built this pyramid next to his father Khufu's, and it's situated 33 feet (10m) higher on the plateau than the Khufu Pyramid, making it look deceptively larger than its taller neighbour. Built roughly between 2520 and 2494 BC, the top of the pyramid maintains its outer casing of limestone while the rest has worn away, leaving it looking a little like a snow-capped mountain. It’s widely believed that the Great Sphinx in front of the pyramid was built for Khafre too.

<p>A number of life-size and over-life-size statues discovered at Khafre Pyramid are now on display at the Egyptian Museum of Cairo. One of the most well-known is the Khafre Enthroned. This funerary statue was discovered beneath the floor of the valley temple, where Khafre’s ka, or soul, rested from the afterlife. Carved out of one rare block of stone, the throne Khafre is seated on features lion paws, the sides decorated in hieroglyphics, a royal cobra beside him, the god Horus behind him and the king himself wearing a lined headdress, all of which symbolised his mighty power.</p>

A number of life-sized and bigger-than-life-sized statues discovered at Khafre Pyramid are now on display at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. One of the most well-known is the Khafre Enthroned. This funerary statue was discovered beneath the floor of the valley temple, and was supposed to provide a place of rest for Khafre’s ka (soul). Carved out of a single block of stone, the throne on which Khafre is seated features lion paws, hieroglyphics, a royal cobra and the Egyptian god Horus. The pharaoh is also wearing a lined headdress – all these motifs symbolise his mighty power.

<p>Unfortunately the Khafre Pyramid has suffered from many tomb-raiders and robbers over the years, as far back as King Ramesses II who lifted sections of the Tura limestone casing for his own temple. In the absence of artefacts (although some were still recovered), historians have analysed the different materials used. Granite cladding was used in the upper descending passageway and there are gabled limestone beams in the burial chamber. </p>

Unfortunately the Khafre Pyramid was robbed repeatedly by tomb raiders over the years, dating back to Pharaoh Ramesses II himself, who is said to have lifted sections of the pyramid's limestone casing for his own temple. In the absence of artefacts (although a few were recovered), historians have analysed the different materials used for the pyramid. Granite cladding was used in the upper descending passageway and there are gabled limestone beams supporting the burial chamber.

<p>Possibly Egypt’s strangest-looking pyramid is the Djoser Pyramid, located in Saqqara, in the ancient capital of Memphis. Djoser (2650 to 2575 BC) was the first king to use stone in a pyramid’s construction; before this, they were simple rectangular monuments made from clay bricks. Its formation is the work of the architect Imhotep, who ‘stacked’ the rectangle-shaped matabas (a rectangular Egyptian tomb) to create this step pyramid. It was the first of its kind, with its tier-like appearance and materials used, and stands at 204 feet (62m) high.</p>

Djoser Pyramid, Saqqara

Possibly Egypt’s strangest-looking pyramid, the Djoser Pyramid is located in Saqqara in the ancient capital of Memphis. Djoser (2650-2575 BC) was the first pharaoh to use stone in a pyramid’s construction – before this, royal tombs were simple rectangular monuments made from clay bricks called mastabas. The bizarre, tiered structure is the work of the architect Imhotep, who ‘stacked’ the mastabas to create this step pyramid – 204 feet (62m) high and the first of its kind.

<p>Djoser’s sarcophagus was laid deep in the burial chamber, and it was here that 40,000 stone vessels, bowls and urns of various sizes were uncovered years later. They were all inscribed with the names of pharaohs from the First and Second Dynasties. While it’s still not completely understood why they were found here, many believe that these pharaohs' own tombs were robbed, and in order for Djoser to protect their souls, he had ‘rescued’ their urns and sealed them inside his own tomb.</p> <p><a href="https://www.loveexploring.com/gallerylist/81102/incredible-new-secrets-of-the-worlds-ancient-wonders-revealed"><strong>Discover new secrets of the world's ancient wonders here</strong></a></p>

Djoser’s sarcophagus was laid deep inside the burial chamber, along with 40,000 stone vessels, bowls and urns of various sizes. They were all inscribed with the names of pharaohs from the 1st and 2nd dynasties, which is curious because Djoser was one of the first kings of the 3rd dynasty. While it’s still not completely understood why they were found here, some believe that the earlier pharaohs' own tombs were robbed, and in order to protect their souls Djoser collected their urns and sealed them inside his own tomb.

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<p>A series of beautiful blue and green tiles were uncovered in the galleries and burial chamber; these once lined the walls and imitated the sheets of reeds that would have originally hung in the king’s royal palace. The blue and green colours symbolised rebirth. The glazed ceramic tiles were created in the faience style, with restored sections on display at the Imhotep Museum in Saqqara and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.</p>

A series of beautiful blue and green tiles were uncovered in the pyramid's galleries and burial chamber. These once lined the walls to imitate the decorative sheets of reeds that would originally have hung in the king’s royal palace, while the blue and green colours symbolised rebirth. The ceramic tiles were created in the faience glazing style, and restored sections are on display at the Imhotep Museum in Saqqara and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

<p>Prior to its much-needed restoration work in 2006, the Djoser Pyramid was on the verge of collapse. The work included reassembling and restoring the granite sarcophagus, adding paved floors to the cemetery, installing a lighting system and adding a ladder to access the well and cemetery. The walls and ceilings were also strengthened, and more faience tiles were installed. The Djoser Pyramid finally reopened to the public in 2020 and today allows visitors to enjoy an authentic experience of this UNESCO World Heritage Site.</p>

Prior to much-needed restoration work in 2006, the Djoser Pyramid was on the verge of collapse. The work included reassembling and restoring the granite sarcophagus, adding paved floors to the cemetery, installing a lighting system and adding a ladder to access the cemetery and well. The walls and ceilings were also strengthened, and more faience tiles were installed. The Djoser Pyramid finally reopened to the public in 2020, allowing visitors to again experience one of Egypt's most important UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

<p>The Red Pyramid is located in the ancient plateau of Dahshur, roughly 25 miles (40km) south of Cairo. Although the pyramid was once covered with white limestone, the casing was later removed and the rust-coloured limestone became exposed, giving it the name we know it by today. Built for the pharaoh Sneferu, it’s still disputed how long it actually took to build, but is understood to have taken place between 2575 and 2551 BC.</p>

Red Pyramid, Dahshur

Like the Bent Pyramid, the Red Pyramid is located on the ancient plateau of Dahshur, roughly 25 miles (40km) south of Cairo. Although the pyramid was once covered with white limestone the casing was later removed, exposing the rust-coloured stone beneath and giving it the nickname we use today. Built for the pharaoh Sneferu, exactly how long it took to build is still disputed, but construction is likely to have taken place between 2575 and 2551 BC.

<p>It’s also known as the North Pyramid, due to its position roughly half a mile (1km) north of the Bent Pyramid. The Red Pyramid is the third-largest after the great pyramids of Khufu and Khafre (in Giza) but it’s still celebrated as the first ‘true’ pyramid, due to its straight sides and lack of steps. Visitors today can explore its fascinating 4,000-year history by stepping inside and accessing the magnificent burial chamber.</p>

Sometimes known as the North Pyramid due to its position half a mile north of the Bent Pyramid, the Red Pyramid is the third largest in Egypt after the pyramids of Khufu and Khafre in Giza. It’s still celebrated as the first ‘true’ pyramid, due to its sloping sides and lack of steps. Visitors today can explore its fascinating 4,000-year history by stepping inside and viewing the magnificent burial chamber.

The Red Pyramid’s passageways and chambers are unique compared with other Egyptian pyramids. All three of the chambers feature corbelled (bracketed) ceilings, with roughly two million tonnes of stone above. Unlike other pyramids that have collapsed or need restoration work, as was the case with the Bent and Djoser pyramids, to this day the Red Pyramid still hasn’t suffered from any structural issues – not even a single crack.

The Red Pyramid's passageways and chambers are unique among Egyptian pyramids. All three of the main chambers feature corbelled (bracketed) ceilings, supporting the roughly two million tonnes of stone above. Unlike other pyramids that have collapsed or needed restoration work, such as the Bent and Djoser pyramids, to this day the Red Pyramid hasn’t suffered any structural issues – not even a crack.

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<p>More intriguingly, though, is the location of the second chamber, which is located directly beneath the apex (or centre point) of the pyramid. No other pyramid uses this design. While the final chamber has been made accessible to modern visitors through the inclusion of a staircase, recent excavations haven’t located any further passageways.</p> <p><a href="https://www.loveexploring.com/gallerylist/74880/the-worlds-most-beautiful-caverns-and-caves"><strong>These are the world's most beautiful caves and caverns</strong></a></p>

Even more unusual is the location of the second chamber, which is found directly beneath the apex (or centre point) of the pyramid. No other pyramid uses this design. While the final chamber has been made accessible to modern visitors through the addition of a staircase, excavations haven’t located any further passageways inside the pyramid.

<p>Menkaure Pyramid is the smallest of the three Great Pyramids of Giza complex, standing at just 213 feet (65m) high. Completed in the 26th century BC, it was built for King Menkaure and sits in the same plateau as his father (Khafre) and his grandfather (Khufu). Fringing the capital city of Cairo, the pyramid is believed to have taken thousands of skilled craftsmen and labourers to construct these colossal structures. It marks the third and final pyramid of the Giza Plateau, which is hailed as one of the most incredible ancient landmarks of Egypt.</p>

Menkaure Pyramid, Giza

The Menkaure Pyramid is the last and smallest of the three Great Pyramids of Giza, standing at just 213 feet (65m) tall. Completed in the 26th century BC, it was built for King Menkaure, and sits on the same plateau as the pyramids of his father (Khafre) and grandfather (Khufu).

<p>A second statue recovered from the pyramid depicts the royal couple standing side by side. Both statues are classic examples of Old Kingdom royal tomb sculpture, largely where both arms are down at their sides, with one leg stepped forward. These statues were made from greywacke and are in the best condition from any pyramid in the Old Kingdom.</p>

Many statues from inside the tomb depict Menkaure accompanied by gods and other figures. One greywacke stone statue recovered from the pyramid depicts Menkaure and his wife standing side by side. It's a classic example of Old Kingdom royal tomb sculpture, with both the king's arms down by his sides and with one leg stepped forward.

<p>Userkaf Pyramid may not have the wow-factor as the other Egyptian pyramids on this list, but that’s not to say it doesn’t have an interesting history. King Userkaf (2494–2487 BC) was the first king of the Fifth Dynasty, and chose to build his pyramid at Saqqara, where the limestone material used to build the structure is thinner compared to the likes of Giza. This, along with weak structuring, later led the pyramid to collapse, and earn itself the unfortunate moniker ‘Heap of Stone’. Visitors today will see how it resembles more of a conical hill than an impressive royal pyramid.</p>

Userkaf Pyramid, Saqqara

The Userkaf Pyramid doesn't quite have the same wow factor as some of its fellows on this list, but it does have an interesting history. King Userkaf (2494-2487 BC) was the first pharaoh of the 5th dynasty, and chose to build his pyramid at Saqqara, where the local limestone is much thinner than it is at other tomb locations like Giza. This, along with weak structuring, later led the pyramid to collapse, earning itself the unfortunate moniker ‘Heap of Stone’. Visitors today can see that it more resembles a conical hill than an impressive royal pyramid.

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<p>While much of Userkaf Pyramid remains unexcavated, a number of funerary stone reliefs were recovered from the king’s funerary temple. These high-quality scenes would have been placed along the courtyard walls, and included hunting, fishing and nature scenes which were common depictions in Fifth Dynasty royal temples. A few of the remains include a limestone relief of birds in a papyrus thicket, two intricately detailed birds in a marsh along the Nile and the names of Upper and Lower Egyptian estates connected to the cult of Userkaf; these would have been colourfully painted.</p>

While much of the Userkaf Pyramid remains unexcavated, a number of funerary stone reliefs were recovered from the king’s funerary temple. These would have been placed along the courtyard walls, and included hunting, fishing and nature scenes which were common depictions in 5th dynasty royal temples. One limestone relief depicts birds in a papyrus thicket, two intricately carved birds in a marsh along the Nile and the names of Upper and Lower Egyptian estates connected to the cult of Userkaf. The reliefs would have been colourfully painted.

<p>In 2018, archaeologists discovered a number of tombs on the edge of the Userkaf Pyramid complex with not only sarcophagi inside, but mummified cats. Animals weren’t mummified for the same reasons as humans, but instead as religious offerings; the ancient Egyptians believed cats held special positions in the afterlife. In total, three tombs contained mummified cats, and one featured a bronze statue of a cat dedicated to a goddess. They also found mummified scarab beetles – an extremely rare instance – which were believed to symbolise the sun god, Ra.</p> <p><a href="https://www.loveexploring.com/galleries/69555/photos-of-amazing-worldwide-wonders-weve-just-discovered?page=1"><strong>Now see the amazing worldwide wonders we've only just discovered</strong></a></p>

In 2018, archaeologists discovered a number of tombs on the edge of the Userkaf Pyramid complex containing not only sarcophagi but also mummified cats. Animals were mummified as religious offerings, and the ancient Egyptians believed cats held special positions in the afterlife. In total three tombs contained mummified cats, with one featuring a large bronze statue of a cat dedicated to a goddess. They also found mummified scarab beetles – highly unusual for such tombs – which were believed to symbolise the sun god, Ra.

<p>King Unas (2465-2325 BC) ruled during the Fifth Dynasty, and his pyramid at Saqqara was once 141 feet (43m) tall, but it fell into decay after his death and later Egyptian kings <a href="https://egymonuments.gov.eg/en/monuments/pyramid-of-unas">removed and reused most of the stones</a>. The pyramid has long been in a sorry state, but you can still see an inscription left by Prince Khaemwaset, the son of Ramesses II and High Priest of Ptah in Memphis, <a href="http://www.ancient-egypt.org/history/old-kingdom/5th-dynasty/unas/pyramid-complex-of-unas/pyramid-of-unas.html">who restored the monument</a> in the 13th century BC.</p>

Unas Pyramid, Saqqara

King Unas (2465-2325 BC) ruled during the 5th dynasty, and his pyramid at Saqqara was once 141 feet (43m) tall, but it fell into decay after his death and later Egyptian kings removed and reused most of the stones. The pyramid has long been in a sorry state, but you can still see an inscription left by Prince Khaemwaset, the son of Ramesses II and High Priest of Ptah in Memphis, who restored the monument in the 13th century BC.

<p>Funerary masks (or death masks) were placed over the faces of mummies. They resembled the deceased, so they could help the soul (ka) <a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/exhibitions/ancient-egyptians-secrets-afterlife">find its body in the afterlife</a>. Pictured here is an artefact thought to be Prince Khaemwaset's funerary mask, which was found in the Serapeum of Saqqara, a burial place near Memphis. </p>

Funerary masks (or death masks) were placed over the faces of mummies. They resembled the deceased, so they could help the soul (ka) find its body in the afterlife. Pictured here is an artefact thought to be Prince Khaemwaset's funerary mask, which was found in the Serapeum of Saqqara, a burial place near Memphis.

<p>The Unas Pyramid was the first of its kind to feature <a href="https://pyramidtextsonline.com/plan.html">'pyramid texts'</a>, a modern-day name given to spells (or 'utterances') which adorned tomb walls and helped the spirit navigate its journey to the underworld. These were instructional texts and no two were the same, although one seemingly essential spell that was frequently included discussed the sun god Ra. </p> <p><a href="https://www.loveexploring.com/galleries/149635/remarkable-discoveries-unearthed-by-recent-droughts?page=1"><strong>Check out the remarkable discoveries unearthed by recent droughts</strong></a></p>

The Unas Pyramid was the first of its kind to feature 'pyramid texts', a modern-day name given to spells (or 'utterances') which adorned tomb walls and helped the spirit navigate its journey to the underworld. These were instructional texts and no two were the same, although one seemingly essential spell that was frequently included discussed the sun god Ra.

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<p>Inside King Unas's burial chamber was the sarcophagus. The chamber's ceiling was beautifully patterned with gold stars against a night-blue sky. While the contents were robbed long before excavations could begin, the <a href="http://www.ancient-egypt.org/history/old-kingdom/5th-dynasty/unas/pyramid-complex-of-unas/pyramid-of-unas.html">mummified remains of a left arm, hand and skull</a> were found amongst the debris. Could these belong to the former pharaoh? </p>

Inside King Unas's burial chamber was the sarcophagus. The chamber's ceiling was beautifully patterned with gold stars against a night-blue sky. While the contents were robbed long before excavations could begin, the mummified remains of a left arm, hand and skull were found amongst the debris. Could these belong to the former pharaoh?

<p>Also found at the Saqqara site was this thin gold band measuring 90cm, placed among the mummy bandages of prince Ptah-Shepses. Dating back to 2323-2150 BC, <a href="https://egymonuments.gov.eg/collections/belt-of-prince-ptah-shepses-2/">red carnelian (gemstone) and volcanic glass beads</a> form angular, geometric patterns, while hieroglyphics are inscribed on the buckle.</p>

Also found at the Saqqara site was this thin gold band measuring 90cm, placed among the mummy bandages of Prince Ptah-Shepses. Dating back to 2323-2150 BC, red carnelian (gemstone) and volcanic glass beads form angular, geometric patterns, while hieroglyphics are inscribed on the buckle.

<p>The Teti Pyramid was once 172 feet (52.5m) tall and housed the deceased King Teti, the first pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty (roughly 2345-2323 BC, although sources vary). Located in Saqqara, the pyramid was constructed with a core of stone blocks encased in limestone. Inside were typical painted reliefs depicting offerings to the gods, plus star-patterned ceilings and three niches which may have held statues of the king. Today the site looks more like a lopsided mound, but it isn't completely collapsed and you can still take a tour inside.</p>

Teti Pyramid, Saqqara

The Teti Pyramid was once 172 feet (52.5m) tall and housed the deceased King Teti, the first pharaoh of the 6th dynasty (roughly 2345-2323 BC, although sources vary). Located in Saqqara, the pyramid was constructed with a core of stone blocks encased in limestone. Inside were typical painted reliefs depicting offerings to the gods, plus star-patterned ceilings and three niches which may have held statues of the king. Today the site looks more like a lopsided mound, but it hasn't completely collapsed and you can still take a tour inside.

<p>While many of the pyramid's external blocks have been looted over the years, interesting artefacts have been recovered, and a large cemetery was found in front of the pyramid housing the remains of Teti's officials. Pictured here is a comb believed to be from the tomb of Teti himself. The intricate item is made of wood and is only 11cm (4.3in) long, and is <a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/554526">on display at New York’s MET Museum</a>.</p>

While many of the pyramid's external blocks have been looted over the years, interesting artefacts have been recovered, and a large cemetery was found in front of the pyramid housing the remains of Teti's officials. Pictured here is a comb believed to be from the tomb of Teti himself. The intricate item is made of wood and is only 11cm long. It's on display at New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art.

<p>Teti's burial chamber was located beneath the pyramid, along with his well-preserved basalt sarcophagus. Like the Unas Pyramid, the Teti Pyramid's walls <a href="http://www.ancient-egypt.org/history/old-kingdom/6th-dynasty/teti/pyramid-complex-of-teti/pyramid-of-teti.html">were also adorned with pyramid texts</a>. These funerary texts first appeared in the Fifth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom (2465-2323 BC), and were succeeded by so-called 'coffin texts' during the Middle Kingdom (inscriptions found inside sarcophagi that tended to focus on the underworld). Both went on to influence the New Kingdom's Book of the Dead.</p> <p><strong>Read on to take a look at more finds discovered inside awe-inspiring royal tombs...</strong></p>

Teti's burial chamber was located beneath the pyramid, along with his well-preserved basalt sarcophagus. Like the Unas Pyramid, the Teti Pyramid's walls were also adorned with pyramid texts. These funerary texts first appeared in the 5th dynasty of the Old Kingdom (2465-2323 BC), and were succeeded by so-called 'coffin texts' during the Middle Kingdom (inscriptions found inside sarcophagi that tended to focus on the underworld). Both went on to influence the New Kingdom's Book of the Dead.

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<p>In 2022, archaeologists digging at the Saqqara site discovered <a href="https://www.livescience.com/ancient-egypt-mummies-tombs-king-tut">hundreds of coffins and well-preserved mummies</a> dating to the New Kingdom (approximately 1550-1070 BC) in a series of interconnected tunnels at the Teti Pyramid. Some of the artefacts may even belong to Tutankhamun's closest generals and advisors. Statues of the god Ptah-Sokar, shabtis, a metal axe and pieces of an ancient Egyptian game were also found, with a selection due to go on display at the Grand Egyptian Museum when it opens in 2023.</p>

In 2022, archaeologists digging at the Saqqara site discovered hundreds of coffins and well-preserved mummies dating to the New Kingdom (approximately 1550-1070 BC) in a series of interconnected tunnels at the Teti Pyramid. Some of the artefacts may even belong to Tutankhamun's closest generals and advisors. Statues of the god Ptah-Sokar, shabtis, a metal axe and pieces of an ancient Egyptian game were also found, with a selection due to go on display at the Grand Egyptian Museum when it opens in late-spring 2024.

<p>Archaeologists also uncovered the pyramid of a previously unknown Egyptian queen named Neith. Pictured here is the excavated site, with the Teti and Djoser pyramids visible in the background. Neith was likely named after the Egyptian <a href="http://egyptianmuseum.org/deities-neith">goddess</a> of creation, wisdom, weaving and war, as well as being worshipped as a funerary goddess.</p> <p><strong>Read on to discover more mysterious treasures recovered from Egypt's royal tombs...</strong></p>

Pyramid of Neith, Saqqara

At the same excavations, archaeologists also uncovered the pyramid of a previously unknown Egyptian queen named Neith. Pictured here is the excavated site, with the Teti and Djoser pyramids visible in the background. Neith was likely named after the Egyptian goddess of creation, wisdom, weaving and war, as well as being worshipped as a funerary goddess.

The Book of the Dead

The Book of the Dead is an umbrella term for a series of ancient Egyptian texts. Specific chants (or 'utterances') were typically copied onto papyrus scrolls and placed in tombs, like the fragment from the tomb of Theban scribe Ani in Luxor pictured here, which dates back to 1250 BC and is on display at the British Museum. This scene depicts the Hall of Judgement, with Ani muttering Spell 30B as his heart is weighed on the scales of justice, determining whether he'd make it to paradise or not. Spells from the Book of the Dead also adorned mummy bandages and even Tutankhamun's golden death mask.

In early 2023, archaeologists at Saqqara made a remarkable discovery: a 52-foot (16m) papyrus scroll containing spells from the Book of the Dead. It was the first complete papyrus discovery in a full century, and will undoubtedly enhance modern understandings of ancient Egyptian belief in magic. Currently, the lengthy papyrus is being restored at the Egyptian Museum Laboratory in Cairo, and it's hoped the epic document will eventually go on display at the all-new Grand Egyptian Museum in Giza.

<p>This colourful painting of Queen Nefertari was found in her tomb in the Valley of the Queens in Luxor (ancient Thebes). The royal lady was buried in a small rock-cut temple and is depicted here playing a <a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/548355">popular ancient Egyptian game called senet</a>. The game has symbolic meaning; senet meant 'passing', and it was seen as a parallel for the journey into the afterlife.</p>

Valley of the Queens, Luxor

This colourful painting of Queen Nefertari was found in her tomb in the Valley of the Queens in Luxor (ancient Thebes). The royal lady was buried in a small rock-cut temple and is depicted here playing a popular ancient Egyptian game called 'senet'. The game had symbolic meaning; senet meant 'passing', and it was seen as a parallel for the journey into the afterlife.

<p>Tutankhamun's tomb is one of the most famous in the Valley of the Kings, even though it wasn't discovered until 1922. His legendary funerary mask was made from 22lbs (10kg) of solid gold, as well as lapis lazuli, quartz, glass and obsidian. His body was wrapped in resin-soaked bandages and was accompanied by items that would help him into the afterlife. Some have speculated that the tomb he was found in seems second-hand – could it have been intended for his <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/sep/26/tutankhamun-burial-chamber-could-contain-door-to-nefertiti-tomb">stepmother, Queen Nefertiti</a>?</p>

Valley of the Kings, Luxor

Tutankhamun's tomb is one of the most famous in the Valley of the Kings, even though it wasn't discovered until 1922. His legendary funerary mask was made from 22lbs (10kg) of solid gold, as well as lapis lazuli, quartz, glass and obsidian. His body was wrapped in resin-soaked bandages and was accompanied by items that would help him into the afterlife. Some have speculated that the tomb he was found in seems second-hand – could it have been intended for his stepmother, Queen Nefertiti?

<p>Ornate jewellery was commonly stored inside Egyptian pyramids, either as divine offerings or to accompany the deceased into the afterlife. This spectacular scarab bracelet is just one of the items found inside Tutankhamun's tomb. Formed from gold and lapis lazuli, the intricate trinket is a gorgeous example of ancient craftsmanship. Regardless of <a href="https://www.gemrockauctions.com/learn/did-you-know/ancient-egyptian-jewellery#:~:text=The%20ornaments%20included%20heart%20scarabs,,%20animal%20teeth,%20and%20shells.">gender or status</a>, the Egyptians loved jewellery, and over the centuries endless precious charms and ornaments have been discovered. </p>

Ornate jewellery was commonly stored inside Egyptian pyramids, either as divine offerings or to accompany the deceased into the afterlife. This spectacular scarab bracelet is just one of the items found inside Tutankhamun's tomb. Formed from gold and lapis lazuli, the intricate trinket is a gorgeous example of ancient craftsmanship. Regardless of gender or status, the Egyptians loved jewellery, and over the centuries endless precious charms and ornaments have been discovered.

Discover the possible locations of legendary Atlantis

<p>Sandals and toe stalls (golden toe coverings) were discovered on many Egyptian mummies, including Tutankhamun. Pictured here is a replica of a pair recovered from King Tut's tomb, where some 80 pairs were found in total. These funerary items served symbolic purposes; on each sole are figures and arches representing Egypt’s nine traditional enemies, which the pharaoh symbolically trod on.</p>

Sandals and toe stalls (golden toe coverings) were discovered on many Egyptian mummies, including Tutankhamun. Pictured here is a replica of a pair recovered from King Tut's tomb, where some 80 pairs were found in total. These funerary items served symbolic purposes; on each sole are figures and arches representing Egypt’s nine traditional enemies, which the pharaoh symbolically trod on.

<p>In 1939, French Egyptologist Pierre Montet discovered the royal necropolis of Tanis. The underground site was almost completely untouched, which was hugely significant as <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/ancient-egypt-only-intact-egyptian-pharaohs-tombs-ever-discovered/">not a single intact royal tomb had been found</a> in Egypt until Montet's find. Kings and princes from the 21st and 22nd Dynasties were buried in the necropolis complete with stone sarcophagi, silver coffins and copious amounts of gold and silver. Dubbed the Tanis Treasures, Montet's discovery was just as remarkable as Howard Carter's Tutankhamun find.</p>

Royal necropolis of Tanis, Nile Delta

In 1939, French Egyptologist Pierre Montet discovered the royal necropolis of Tanis. The underground site was almost completely untouched, which was hugely significant as not a single fully intact royal tomb had been found in Egypt until Montet's find. Kings and princes from the 21st and 22nd dynasties were buried in the necropolis complete with stone sarcophagi, silver coffins and copious amounts of gold and silver. Dubbed the Tanis Treasures, Montet's discovery was just as remarkable as Howard Carter's Tutankhamun find.

<p>This striking silver coffin is arguably the most famous of the Tanis Treasures. The priceless coffin contained the mummy of Shoshenq II, a 22nd Dynasty pharaoh <a href="http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/sheshonqii.htm">unknown until Montet's discovery</a>. Unusually, the coffin uses a falcon instead of the king's head, and the miniatures surrounding his coffin contained his organs – a stark contrast to the canopic jars more commonly used.</p> <p><a href="https://www.loveexploring.com/galleries/155662/the-secrets-and-mysteries-of-stonehenge?page=1"><strong>Discover the secrets of Stonehenge</strong></a></p>

This striking silver coffin is arguably the most famous of the Tanis Treasures. The priceless coffin contained the mummy of Shoshenq II, a 22nd-dynasty pharaoh unknown until Montet's discovery. Unusually, the coffin uses a falcon instead of the king's head, and the miniatures surrounding his coffin contained his organs – a stark contrast to the canopic jars more commonly used.

Discover the secrets of Stonehenge

<p>Also found inside Shoshenq II's tomb was this breastplate-like collar. While the colours have faded slightly, you can still get a sense of just how opulent it must have been. The jewellery piece is shaped like a falcon and depicts the goddess Nekhbet, who <a href="https://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/nekhbet/">often appeared in vulture form</a> and hovered above kings holding the shen (circle, or sun disc) to represent eternity.</p>

Also found inside Shoshenq II's tomb was this breastplate-like collar. While the colours have faded slightly, you can still get a sense of just how opulent it must have been. The jewellery piece is shaped like a falcon and depicts the goddess Nekhbet, who often appeared in vulture form and hovered above kings holding the shen (circle, or sun disc) to represent eternity.

<p>This beaded necklace was found in king Psusennes I's tomb. The two rows of beads are made from lapis lazuli with two golden beads in the middle, and date back to roughly 1069-945 BC. Unusually, there's an <a href="https://nilescribes.org/2017/08/19/lecture-tanis-egypt-capital-and-royal-tombs/">Assyrian inscription</a> on one of the beads, and historians are still unsure as to why this foreign item was found in an Egyptian king's tomb...</p>

This beaded necklace was found in king Psusennes I's tomb. The two rows of beads are made from lapis lazuli with two golden beads in the middle, and date back to roughly 1069-945 BC. Unusually, there's an Assyrian inscription on one of the beads, and historians are still unsure as to why this foreign item was found in an Egyptian king's tomb.

<p>Wendjebauendjed was an army general, high dignitary and high priest during King Psusennes I's reign (circa 1044-994 BC). While Wendjebauendjed wasn't of royal descent, his tomb was uncovered inside the royal necropolis, suggesting that he was a figure of great importance. His funerary mask is detailed with a slight smile and the inlaid eyes are made of glass, but you'll spot that the <a href="https://egypt-museum.com/mummy-mask-of-wendjebauendjed/">ears aren't symmetrical</a>; the left protrudes further than the right.</p>

Wendjebauendjed was an army general, high dignitary and high priest during King Psusennes I's reign (circa 1044-994 BC). While Wendjebauendjed wasn't of royal descent, his tomb was uncovered inside the royal necropolis, suggesting that he was a figure of great importance. His funerary mask is detailed with a slight smile and the inlaid eyes are made of glass, but you'll spot that the ears aren't symmetrical – the left protrudes further than the right.

<p>Discovered inside the tomb of king Amenemope (a 21st Dynasty pharaoh) was this detailed pectoral brooch. At the centre <a href="https://egypt-museum.com/pectoral-of-king-amenemope/">is a lapis lazuli scarab</a> touching the golden sun disc, representing rebirth. The scarab is flanked by the goddesses Isis and Nephthys, who protected the wearer, while along the bottom runs a cartouche, an inscription of the king's name. </p> <p><a href="https://www.loveexploring.com/galleries/153895/hidden-bunkers-and-abandoned-stations-secrets-of-the-london-underground?page=1"><strong>Now we reveal the secrets of the London Underground</strong></a></p>

Discovered inside the tomb of king Amenemope (a 21st-dynasty pharaoh) was this detailed pectoral brooch. At the centre is a lapis lazuli scarab touching the golden sun disc, representing rebirth. The scarab is flanked by the goddesses Isis and Nephthys, who protected the wearer, while along the bottom runs a cartouche, an inscription of the king's name.

Discover these little-known Roman ruins from around the world

<p>Would-be tomb raiders, get excited: Egypt has just opened up its oldest tomb accessible to the public. The 4,000-year-old Tomb of Meru, situated on the Nile's western bank in Luxor, was built for a high-ranking official in the court of King Mentuhotep II (who died in 2004 BC). Meru's tomb, located on the North Asasif necropolis, is close to the mortuary temple of the pharaoh, implying the official was of considerable importance. Inside the rock-hewn tomb is a collection of murals and a stone sarcophagus, which Egyptology enthusiasts can now see with their own eyes.</p>

Tomb of Meru, Luxor

In February 2023, Egypt opened one of its most ancient monuments to the public for the first time. The 4,000-year-old Tomb of Meru, situated on the Nile's western bank in Luxor, was built for a high-ranking official in the court of King Mentuhotep II (who died in 2004 BC). The tomb, located on the North Asasif necropolis, is close to the mortuary temple of Mentuhotep II. Inside the rock-hewn tomb is a collection of elaborate murals and a stone sarcophagus, which Egyptology enthusiasts are now able to enjoy.

<p>Meru's tomb was recently restored by a joint team of archaeologists from the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities and the University of Warsaw, Poland. However, it's not the first time the tomb has been touched: in 1996, some of the wall paintings were restored by an Italian team. The wall paintings in this tomb are especially significant, because the technique of painting directly onto lime plaster is rather unusual.</p>

Meru's Tomb was recently restored by a joint team of archaeologists from the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities and the University of Warsaw, Poland. It's not the first time the tomb has been touched: in 1996, some of the wall paintings were restored by an Italian team. The wall paintings are especially significant, because the technique of painting directly onto lime plaster is unusual.

<p>As you might imagine, Luxor is filled with other ancient Egyptian treasures and tombs to uncover. Like the Tomb of Meru, the Madinet Habu necropolis (pictured) dates to the 11th Dynasty. In later generations, it became a fortified town, religious shrine and even an administrative centre for a nearby women's village. Other sights worth seeing near Luxor include the Mortuary Temple of female pharaoh Hatshepsut, Karnak and the Valley of the Kings.</p> <p><strong>Read on to discover what's inside more of Egypt's pyramids and tombs, from Tutankhamun's treasure to ancient board games...</strong></p>

As you might imagine, Luxor is filled with other ancient Egyptian treasures and tombs. Like the Tomb of Meru, the Madinet Habu necropolis (pictured) dates to the 11th dynasty. In later generations, it became a fortified town, religious shrine and even an administrative centre for a nearby women's village. Other sights worth seeing near Luxor include the Mortuary Temple of female pharaoh Hatshepsut, the temple at Karnak and the Valley of the Kings.

Now discover the astonishing story of the pyramids of Giza

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1 hr 11 min

The Great Pyramid of Giza: Part 2 Ancient History Fangirl

Help keep our podcast going by contributing to our Patreon! In our last episode, we took you on a tour of the Great Pyramid of Giza: perhaps the greatest of all the Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one that still exists today. We explored the outside of the Pyramid, the inside of the pyramid, we poked into all the nooks and crannies, and we explored all its secrets. But we left one secret out—and that is the one we are going to discuss today: how was the pyramid built? And who were the people who built it? Sponsors and Advertising This podcast is a member of Airwave Media podcast network. Want to advertise on our show? Please direct advertising inquiries to [email protected]. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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Archaeologists found a secret chamber at the base of the Great Pyramid of Giza, and they have no idea what it is

Archaeologists discovered secret structures in Giza, Egypt with ground-penetrating high-tech methods.
The methods revealed an L-shaped structure and a deeper, larger anomaly hidden beneath bare sand.
The findings could explain why a large section of the densely packed Western Cemetery is empty.

Egypt holds many secrets to its ancient past, and archaeologists may have discovered a new one hidden beneath the sands of the Western Cemetery in Giza.

The Western Cemetery holds hundreds of rectangular tombs called mastabas that line the base of Giza's Great Pyramid . These mastabas belong to elite citizens and relatives of the Ancient Egyptian king Khufu, who ruled around 4,500 years ago.

However, in stark contrast to the many rows of tombs, one area of the cemetery is bare, with no structures. Below the sand, it's a different story, archaeologists recently discovered.

What appears to be a flat, sandy surface might hide long-forgotten structures built thousands of years ago. Only a couple of feet below the surface lies what appears to be an L-shaped structure. Even deeper, there's another, larger structure connected to the first.

The L-shaped structure's corners are "too sharp" to be naturally occurring, researcher Motoyuki Sato, who helped find the anomaly, told Live Science.

That suggests humans constructed it and might explain why such a large swatch of the crowded necropolis remains empty above the sand, the researchers reported in a paper they recently published in the peer-reviewed journal Archaeological Prospection .

High-tech archaeology uses radar and other tools to find buried secrets

In the early days of archaeology , it took years of careful digging to uncover the shape and size of a structure. Now, newer technologies can help scientists map previously unknown buildings without removing even a shovelful of dirt.

That's how researchers from Higashi Nippon International University, Tohoku University, and the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics in Egypt uncovered this latest hidden piece of history.

Between 2021 and 2023, the team studied the location using not one but two high-tech methods : ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). GPR uses electromagnetic waves to map shallow underground features in high resolution. For deeper structures, ERT can locate walls, shafts, and similar anomalies but without as much detail.

Combining GPR, ERT, and satellite data, the researchers discovered an L-shaped structure measuring roughly 32 by 50 feet buried 1.6 feet to 6.5 feet under the sand. They also found evidence of a 1,000-square-foot structure about 11.5 feet to 33 feet below ground, deeper than the L-shaped anomaly.

The next step is excavation

At some point, the shallower L-shaped structure was filled with sand, which could be a clue to its purpose. It may have served as a kind of passageway to a lower tomb , according to the researchers. Ancient Egyptians often filled up such shafts to keep out the living.

While GPR and ERT can offer a more complete picture of sub-surface archaeological finds, these techniques can only take archaeologists so far. The researchers noted that the two methods' data didn't precisely match, and the techniques can sometimes make anomalies appear larger than they are.

Other mysteries remain, too. They don't know what, if anything, is in the deeper structure. It could be filled with sand or totally empty.

To answer some of these questions, the archaeologists needed to start digging, literally. They're currently excavating the site, Live Science reported.

Watch: Egyptologist rates eight ancient Egypt scenes In movies and tv

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Digital Giza
Explore the models and tours; you will find links to other models throughout. Or choose from individual tours below. ... Great Sphinx. Sphinx Temple. Tomb of Queen Hetepheres I. Tomb of Queen Meresankh III. G2100. ... A Walking Tour of the Giza Plateau; Khafre Pyramid and Temples; Khufu Pyramid; Menkaure Pyramid; Great Sphinx; Great Sphinx ...
360° Travel inside the Great Pyramid of Giza
Subscribe and 🔔 to the BBC 👉 https://bit.ly/BBCYouTubeSubWatch the BBC first on iPlayer 👉 https://bbc.in/iPlayer-Home Travel to the heart of the Great Pyr...
Full tour inside the Great Pyramid of Giza
The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex...
360° Tour inside the Great Pyramid of Giza (Video)
The BBC's 360° tour through the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, provides viewers with an immersive virtual reality experience.The video tour starts in the heart of the pyramid, the ceremonial passage known as the Grand Gallery, and continues to the King's Chamber.The precision and architectural brilliance of the pyramid become evident as the viewers ...
VIP Tour Inside Giza Pyramids
Daily. Embark on an exclusive journey with our VIP Tour Inside Giza Pyramids, where the enigma of ancient wonders comes to life. This unparalleled experience goes beyond traditional tourism, providing privileged access to the inner sanctums of the Giza Pyramids. As you step into the sacred chambers and hidden corridors, you'll gain an insider ...
FULL INSIDE TOUR OF GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA! Ancient Egypt ...
Ever wonder what the inside of the Great Pyramid looks like? This FULL interior tour of The Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt was filmed on December 11, 2020 with...
Giza Pyramids, Giza
Discover the wonders of ancient Egypt on this half-day private door-to-door tour. Visit the Giza Pyramids—the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure—as well as the Valley Temple and the Sphinx. ... VIP Private Tour Giza Pyramids Sphinx ,Camel,Inside Pyramid. 178. Hop on a camel for a 30-minute ride ...
Great Pyramid of Giza (Khufu Pyramid) Tours and Tickets
Discover the Egyptian pyramids in the company of an Egyptologist guide who brings their history to life. This private tour takes you to the nine pyramids of Giza, as well as the Great Sphinx. You'll go inside the pyramid of Khafre and enjoy a camel ride around the pyramids. Lunch is included. 7 to 8 hours.
VIP Tour inside Giza Pyramids
Follow in the footsteps of celebrities and heads of state on this ultra-elite private experience—a tour of the Giza Pyramids before they open to the public. See the pyramids as few ever see them, and capture photos alone in the desert sands. Then, explore the Great Pyramid of Giza, with just your group and your Egyptologist guide: see Khufu's sarcophagus, the queen's chamber, the grand ...
Take an 360° Interactive Tour Inside the Great Pyramid of Giza
Witness the BBC's 360° tour inside the Great Pyramid of Giza. Use your mouse to crane your neck, if you like. As of this writing, you could tour the pyramid in person, should you wish—the usual touristic hoards are definitely dialed down. But, given the contagion, perhaps better to tour the King's Chamber ...
Tour Inside The Great Pyramid
8:00 AM: Hotel pickup in Cairo or Giza. Transfer to the Giza Plateau. Enter the Great Pyramid and begin the guided exploration of its interior. Visit the King's Chamber and learn about its significance. Explore the Queen's Chamber and unravel its mysteries. Return to the entrance of the pyramid and conclude the tour.
Inside the Great Pyramid
September 1, 2011. The Great Pyramid: Built for the Pharaoh Khufu in about 2570 B.C., sole survivor of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world, and arguably the most mysterious structure on the ...
Yes, You Can Explore Inside The Pyramids Of Giza (And Here's What You
Located on the Giza Plateau, just outside of Cairo, Egypt, the pyramids offer a spectacle from the outside and a chance to explore their interiors. You can book guided tours of the area so you don't miss the opportunity to see the Sphinx or the incredible views from Panoramic Point. You should definitely include a camel ride as part of the ...
Know Before Going Inside the Pyramid of Giza
Yes. The ticket to go inside the pyramid is not included in the ticket for the Giza Scenic Area, so you should purchase the inside ticket separately. If you want to go inside the Great Pyramid of Khufu, you have to pay EGP 440(about US$14.00). If you need to go inside the Pyramids of Khafre or Menkaure, you have to pay EGP 100 (about US$3.3).
Comprehensive Guide to What's Inside Pyramids of Giza
Visitor facilities. Toilets: There are many public toilets at the Pyramids of Giza, though some require a small fee. Baby Changing facilities: While there are no baby changing facilities inside the Pyramids of Giza complex, you will find several options near the attraction. Dining: On the Giza plateau is the 9 Pyramids Lounge restaurant near ...
Tour Inside The Great Pyramid
In this video, we take you on a tour inside of the Great Pyramid, one of the most magnificent monuments ever created. We explore the mysterious inner realm ...
Private Tour To Giza Pyramids,Sphinx With Entry Inside The Great
Overview. Go deeper into Egypt's rich culture and fascinating history on this private half-day excursion, which includes the chance to explore inside the Great Pyramid of Giza (Khufu Pyramid). After pickup from the Cairo address of your choice, join your guide to discover the pyramids, Sphinx, and Valley Temple, then enter the eerie tunnels ...
Egypt: A photo tour inside the Great Pyramid of Giza
Yes, the Khufu pyramid is the oldest and largest of the Giza pyramids…Yes, it is the oldest of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient world and the only one that remains until today…and No, I won't talk about its history at all. If you don't know, the Great Pyramid of Giza (aka Khufu) is open to public. You will be able to explore the interior through my next photos.
Go Inside the Great Pyramid of Giza
The Great Pyramid, or the Pyramid of Khufu, has fascinated scholars and tourists alike for centuries. Located on the Giza Plateau near Cairo, Egypt, it is the largest of the three pyramids that form the Giza Pyramid Complex. Built during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt, around 2580-2560 BC, it is one of the oldest and most intact structures from ancient Egypt, and it is the ...
What's Inside the Great Pyramid?
The Great Pyramid, or the Pyramid of Khufu, is the oldest and the tallest of the three pyramids towering over Giza. Constructed c. 2551-2528 BCE, it originally stood at 481.4 feet (147 meters), or about 45 stories. Its immense size makes it a marvel to behold, but the Great Pyramid, and its neighbors, the Pyramids of Khafre and Menkaure, are ...
Egypt's most mysterious pyramids and tombs
Menkaure Pyramid, Giza. The Menkaure Pyramid is the last and smallest of the three Great Pyramids of Giza, standing at just 213 feet (65m) tall. Completed in the 26th century BC, it was built for ...
The Great Pyramid of Giza: Part 2
In our last episode, we took you on a tour of the Great Pyramid of Giza: perhaps the greatest of all the Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one that still exists today. We explored the outside of the Pyramid, the inside of the pyramid, we poked into all the nooks and crannies, and we explored all its secrets.
Inside the Great Pyramid of Giza: Take a 360° VR Tour of the Queen's
The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the most mysterious and fascinating structures in the world. In this video, I'm going to take you on a 360° VR tour of th...
Archaeologists found a secret chamber at the base of the Great Pyramid
The Western Cemetery holds hundreds of rectangular tombs called mastabas that line the base of Giza's Great Pyramid. These mastabas belong to elite citizens and relatives of the Ancient Egyptian ...