auto trip switch

Automatic transfer switches

Automatic switching between power sources.

ABB offers automatic transfer switches (ATS), from 40 to 1600 Amperes in range. They have the features and functionality that makes them suitable for diverse applications: industrial plants, docks, airports and data centers.

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White paper: System plus system (2N) electrical distribution Data Center Design (IEC)

Download the white paper to learn how to reduce design time of a IEC 0.5 MW IT load Data Center, with high efficiency and maximum service continuity.

White paper: Energy efficiency and management in Data Center

Download the white paper and find how to increase energy efficiency in your data center.

Life cycle management

Update for 2021/12

Compact ATS - Modbus communication available

Modbus RTU communication is now available for Compact ATS adjustable versions. With Compact ATS, you are ready for connectivity now and in the future.

ABB takes energy performance to new heights in Swansea for a new era of student accommodation

TruONE ATS sharpens competitive edge for generator set manufacturer Zahid Industries

ABB Electrification wins four prizes at CAIMRS 2020

ABB's Integrated, Predictive Analytics-Capable TruONE ATS Wins Frost & Sullivan Innovation Award

Let our transfer switches carry the load

Smart solutions for metering and monitoring

New Zenith ATS combines ABB and GE Industrial Solutions technology to take performance to new heights

TruONE ATS: Simplicity vs. Complexity

ABB launches TruONE™, the world’s first true ATS for critical power

The ABB TruONE™ automatic transfer switch has built-in sensors, controllers and connectivity.

Our offering

Compact without compromise

The world's first true ATS

Enclosed UL/NEMA ATS

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Core features

Standard heavy-duty safety switch design with integrated shunt trip module
Integral arc energy reduction system available (NEC 240.67)
Integral ground fault protection available for 480 VAC service entrance applications (NEC 230.95)
Works with emergency stop pushbuttons and other remote signaling means to quickly disconnect power from equipment
Provides a safety switch solution for oil and gas, industrial plants, utilities, commercial construction and water and wastewater treatment applications
Includes two-, three- and four-pole configurations for maximum system voltages of 600 VAC with fusible and non-fusible protection options
Meets Underwriters Laboratories (UL) standards and is listed to the UL98 standard
Provides a variety of coil voltages, visible means of disconnect, and a standard heavy duty safety switch with integrated shunt trip module
Passes Class 1 ground fault testing (1200% opening)

View design guide (layouts, technical data and application information)

Download guide spec (26 28 16 13), learn more about power system design basics, switches portfolio.

Advancing personnel and equipment protection with safety switches

Customization available through our flex center, related products.

Heavy duty safety switches

General duty safety switches

Alpha: A to Z
Alpha: Z to A

STS265UD35CL

Specifications

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Remote operation. Code compliance. Unmatched protection Download This document describes the features and benefits of the shunt trip safety switch (PDF 163 KB, 10/01/2021)
Switching device family line card Download This document contains an overview of the switching device product offering (PDF 730 KB, 04/01/2021)
Switching devices catalog vol02, Tab01 Download Volume 2, Tab 1 - This catalog contains product details and cross-reference for switching devices. (PDF 9 MB, 02/21/2024)

Design guides

Safety switches design guide Download This design guide provides dimensions, layout examples, technical specifications and application information for low-voltage safety switches. The information in this document supersedes section 28 of the Consulting Application Guide (CAG). (PDF 2 MB, 05/25/2023)
FAQ Arc energy reduction relay switching devices Download This document reviews frequently asked questions about arc energy reduction relay switches. (PDF 90 KB, 07/01/2020)

Infographics and listicles

NEC and UL compliant barriers Download This documents explains the NEC and UL compliant barriers (PDF 180 KB, 07/13/2023)
Switching devices flex center infographic Download This document highlights the capabilities of Eaton’s Flex Center which provides custom solutions for safety switches, enclosed circuit breakers and rotary disconnects. (PDF 141 KB, 10/01/2015)
Why arc flash protection matters for electrical safety switches Download This infographic reviews the various ways that safety switches can assit with arc flash prevention (PDF 191 KB, 07/01/2020)

Manuals and user guides

Safety switch renewal parts Download This renewal parts guide reviews Eaton's general duty and heavy-duty safety switch renewal part availability. (PDF 466 KB, 01/30/2024)

Technical data sheets

Arc energy reduction relay switching devices product platforms Download This document contains technical details for arc energy reduction relay switching devices product platforms. (PDF 1 MB, 04/17/2024)
Eaton’s heavy duty safety switches with shunt trip capability technical data Download This document contains technical data for Eaton’s heavy duty safety switches with shunt trip capability—remote switching and visible means of disconnect for commercial and industrial applications. (PDF 241 KB, 10/01/2021)
Fine stranded wire guidelines for safety switches Download This instruction leaflet is presented to guide the installer when utilizing Eaton switches with fine stranded wire. (PDF 202 KB, 02/01/2013)
Safety Switch Fine Strand Wire Guidelines Download Fine stranded wire guidelines for use with Eaton's General Duty, Heavy Duty, Double Throw and Elevator Control switches (PDF 271 KB, 07/11/2022)

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Supplemental and Obsolescence Digest 178

Section 7: Miniature and Molded Case Circuit Breakers

Miniature Circuit Breakers
Molded Case Circuit Breakers
Insulated Case Circuit Breakers
QO Plug-On Circuit Breakers
Accessories
QO™ Mounting Bases
QOU Miniature Circuit Breakers / QYU Supplementary Protectors
QOU Accessories
Plug-On Circuit Breakers
C60 BP and C60 BPR Circuit Breakers
C60 SP Circuit Breakers
C60 H-DC Circuit Breakers
GFP Ground Fault Protectors
Multi 9 Circuit Breakers Busbar Offer
C60 Accessories
PowerPact Family
B-Frame Circuit Breakers
H- and J-Frame Circuit Breakers
Q/LA/LH/Q4-Frame
PowerPact L-Frame Electronic-Trip Circuit Breakers
M-Frame Circuit Breakers
P-Frame Circuit Breakers
R-Frame Circuit Breakers
Selective Coordination
UL Listed 500 Vdc Circuit Breakers

PowerPact Automatic Switches

Instantaneous Trip Circuit Breakers
Motor Circuit Protectors and Motor Protector Circuit Breakers
H-, J-, and LA-Frame MCP Selection
Electrical Accessories
Motor Operators and Rotary Handles
Locks, Installation Accessories, and Rear Connections
Mechanical Lugs
Compression Lugs and Power Distribution Connectors (PDC)
Terminal Nuts, Terminal Pads, Terminal Shields and Accessories
Plug-In and Drawout Mountings
PowerPact H-, J-, and L-Frame Trip Units
PowerPact P- and R-Frame Trip Units
MicroLogic™ Trip Unit Accessories
MasterPact™ MTZ Circuit Breakers
MasterPact™ NT/NW Circuit Breakers
Enerlin’X System
Multi-Product Architecture Examples
Add-On Ground-Fault and Earth-Leakage Modules
Miniature and Molded Case Circuit Breakers
Enclosure Accessories and Dimensions

Class 600 / Refer to Catalog 0612CT0101

Powerpact automatic switches.

Automatic molded case switches open instantaneously at a factory preset magnetic trip point. Calibrated to protect only the molded case switch itself, when it is subjected to high fault currents. The trip point is nonadjustable and provides no overload or low level fault protection.

PowerPacT™ H-, J-, and L-frame automatic switches are available in unit mount, I-Line™, plug-in and drawout versions.

Accept the same lugs and accessories as equivalent thermal-magnetic circuit breakers [1] .

May be interlocked with another switch or circuit breaker to form a source-changeover system

UL Listed per UL 489 and CSA Certified.

PowerPacT™ B-Frame Automatic Molded Case Switches, 600 Vac

H-, j-, and l-frame powerpact™ automatic molded case switches, 600 vac, p-frame and r-frame powerpact™ automatic molded case switches [3] , 600 vac, q-frame (240 vac) powerpact™ automatic molded case switches, b-, h-, j-, l- p-, and r-frame withstand ratings [6].

Q-frame switches do not have electrical accessories available.
True 2P device. Others are a 2P in a 3P module.
UL magnetic trip tolerances are -20% / +30% from the nominal values shown.
P-frame L-interrupting is available in 480 Vac only.
Withstand rating of 10 kA at 240 Vac.
The withstand rating is the fault current at rated voltage that the molded case switch will withstand without damage when protected by a circuit breaker with an equal continuous current rating.
B- and R-frame withstand is 65 kA.

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What is the purpose of a Trip Switch?

Understanding the trip switch: a guide to electrical safety.

The trip switch, often referred to as a circuit breaker or residual-current device (RCD), plays a crucial role in safeguarding our homes and businesses from electrical hazards. This essential component monitors the flow of electricity within a circuit and automatically cuts off power when it detects a fault, such as an overload or a short circuit. In this blog post, we’ll delve into the importance of trip switches, how they work, and why they are a fundamental aspect of electrical safety.

What is a Trip Switch?

A trip switch is a safety device designed to protect electrical circuits from overloads, faults, and other electrical issues that could pose a risk to property and personal safety. When an abnormal electrical condition is detected, such as a surge in current or a ground fault, the trip switch immediately interrupts the circuit to prevent potential damage to appliances, wiring, and the risk of fire or electric shock.

How Does a Trip Switch Work?

The basic principle behind a trip switch is simple yet effective. It continuously monitors the electrical current flowing through a circuit. If the current exceeds a predetermined threshold or deviates from its normal path, indicating a fault, the trip switch quickly triggers a mechanism to cut off the power supply. This rapid response helps to minimize the risk of electrical fires, equipment damage, and personal injury.

Why is a Trip Switch Important?

Ensuring the proper functioning and maintenance of trip switches is crucial for electrical safety in both residential and commercial settings. A malfunctioning or outdated trip switch can fail to respond to electrical faults, leaving your property vulnerable to potential hazards. Regular inspections, testing, and timely replacement of trip switches are essential to ensure they are functioning correctly and providing reliable protection against electrical faults.

In conclusion, the trip switch is a vital component of modern electrical systems, serving as a first line of defense against electrical hazards. By continuously monitoring and interrupting abnormal electrical conditions, trip switches play a pivotal role in safeguarding our homes, businesses, and loved ones. Regular maintenance and proactive monitoring of trip switches are key to ensuring their effectiveness and maintaining a safe and secure electrical environment. If you have concerns about your trip switch or need professional assistance with electrical safety measures, don’t hesitate to contact MR AMP. Our team of experienced electricians is here to help you with all your electrical needs and ensure the safety and reliability of your electrical systems.

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30 amp Transfer Switch

The Go Power! 30 amp Transfer Switch provides automatic power switching between two separate 120 volt AC input sources. Some inverter installations integrate the inverter directly into the AC electrical system.

An automatic transfer switch is usually installed to allow both your inverter and shore power to alternatively feed the circuits and prevent AC back feed. The Go Power! TS-30 is a 30 amp AC switch that automatically connects shore power (when available) to your breaker panel. When unplugged from power, it then connects your inverter output to power your circuits.

Buying Options

Product overview, model: gp-ts-30.

The Go Power! Transfer Switch 30 amp (TS-30) provides automatic power switching between two separate 120 volt AC input sources.

Voltage: 120 VAC
Amps: 30 Amps
Dimensions: 9.65”L x 7.28”W x 4.75”H
Weight: 3 lbs.

Product Specifications

Product specs, product documents, product support resources, gp-ts-30 wiring for one ts-30.

GP-TS-30 Wiring for 2x TS-30

Related Products

30 amp Pre-wired Transfer Switch

50 Amp Transfer Switch

Complete Solar and Inverter Charging Systems

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Manual Trip - ON/OFF Switches

Many models are available with a manual trip feature, either standard or as an option.

Others are specifically designed as combined switch/circuit breakers

with rocker, push button, or toggle actuation, styled for front panel mounting. Rocker types are available with illumination as an option.

According to IEC 934/EN 60934:

R = manual reset only
M = with manual release but not intended for frequent use as a switch
S = combined switch/CBE function
J = automatic reset

Trip Free Mechanism

E-T-A circuit breakers cannot be held closed against an overload. This is achieved through the use of positively trip free designs in accordance with IEC 934/EN 60934 (with the exception of models 1410, 1610, 1658 and 808 which are designed for specialised applications).

Snap-Action Mechanism

The snap-action mechanism featured in many E-T-A models ensures that the contact closing speed is independent of the speed of operation of the actuator (push button, rocker, toggle etc.). The moving contact is retained until the actuator causes a defined force to act in the closing direction of the contacts. Once this force is exceeded, the mechanical retention is overcome allowing the contacts to snap closed (tease free mechanism.) The closing speed is a function of this force alone.

Snap-action mechanisms eliminate contact welding upon switching on to sustained short-circuits and minimise the risk of contact wear over the circuit breakers' life.

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Basic Automatic Transfer Switch Functions

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Tripp Lite Metered PDU, Auto-Transfer Switch (ATS), 20A, 120V, 1.92kW, Single-Phase - 16 Outlets (5-15/20R), Dual 12ft L5-20P Input Cords - 1U Rackmount, TAA Compliant, 2 Year Warranty (PDUMH20ATS)

Purchase options and add-ons, about this item.

SINGLE-PHASE ATS PDU DISTRIBUTES AND MONITORS POWER: ATS PDU allows real-time local current metering to prevent circuit overloads and enables redundant power for non-redundant network devices. Features eight NEMA 5-15R 120V outlets distribute AC power to connected equipment. Ideal for network IT & rack applications.
SWITCH FROM PRIMARY TO SECONDARY POWER SOURCE IN MILLISECONDS: Automatic transfer switching (ATS) switches to the secondary source within 2–7 milliseconds if the primary source becomes unstable. ATS processor constantly evaluates the power quality of both input sources.
DIGITAL LOAD METER: Reports the total load for all connected equipment. Ensure load levels remain below maximum capacity to avoid costly downtime or damaged equipment.
TAA-COMPLIANT FOR GOVERNMENT PURCHASES: Compliant with the Federal Trade Agreements Act (TAA), which makes it eligible for GSA (General Services Administration) Schedule and other federal procurement contracts.
RELIABLE PRODUCT FULLY BACKED AND SUPPORTED: This product is covered by a 2-Year Limited Warranty and is supported by Tripp Lite's Chicago-based expert technical support team over phone and email.

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Tripp Lite Metered PDU, Auto-Transfer Switch (ATS), 20A, 120V, 1.92kW, Single-Phase - 16 Outlets (5-15/20R), Dual 12ft L5-20P

Tripp Lite PLC19BK PDU Plug Lock Connector C20 Power Cord to C19 Outlet - 100 Pack, Black

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Product description.

SINGLE-PHASE 20A ATS PDU DISTRIBUTES AND MONITORS NETWORK-GRADE POWER IN REAL TIME: This metered PDU provides real-time local reporting of the total load level via its built-in digital current metering. Ideal for network IT applications, small computer rooms and other equipment rack applications, the PDUMH20ATS features 16 NEMA 5-15/20R 120V outlets for connecting equipment. Dual 12-foot (3.7-meter) power cords with NEMA L5-20P inputs (two 5-20P adapters are included) connect to separate primary and secondary mains circuits, backup generators, UPS systems or utility power grids, including out-of-phase sources. SWITCHES FROM PRIMARY TO SECONDARY POWER SOURCE IN MILLISECONDS: Automatic transfer switching (ATS) allows the PDU to switch to the secondary source within 2-7 milliseconds, should the primary source fail or become unstable, to ensure your connected equipment operates without interruption. An on-board ATS processor constantly evaluates the power quality of both input sources. It prevents switching if the secondary source is unavailable or of lower quality than the primary source. DIGITAL LOAD METER HELPS PREVENT POTENTIALLY EXPENSIVE OVERLOADS: A digital ammeter reports the total load for all connected equipment. Monitoring amperage helps ensure load levels remain well below maximum capacity with no danger of overload that could lead to costly downtime or damaged equipment. Maintaining proper load levels, even while adding new equipment, can keep your TCO (total cost of ownership) low. MOUNTS INTO 1U OF RACK SPACE OR ON A WALL: Use the included mounting hardware to install the all-metal housing into 1U of space in an EIA-standard 19-inch rack. You may also use the mounting brackets to secure the PDU to a wall or under a counter. TAA-COMPLIANT FOR GSA SCHEDULE PURCHASES: The PDUMH20ATS is compliant with the Federal Trade Agreements Act (TAA), which makes it eligible for GSA (General Services Administration) Schedule and other federal procurement contracts.

Product information

Warranty & support, looking for specific info, videos for this product.

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How to Choose a PDU: Metered PDUs by Tripp Lite by Eaton

TRIPP LITE. BY EATON

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.cls-1 { fill: #b01; } Mitey Titan Industries Inc. (Logo) Mitey Titan Industries Inc.

Search form for mitey titan industries inc., auto trip (rpm switch).

Image of an RPM harness, an electrical wiring assembly used for measuring and transmitting engine speed data in automotive and industrial applications

$ 295.00

Activated by the pre-set limit. Once the engine goes past this RPM, the switch activates the PASV.

Kit System : Wire Harness; Magnetic Pick-Up; Toggle Switch; RPM Switch

Latching Power Switch Circuit (Auto Power Off Circuit) for ESP32, ESP8266, Arduino

In this article we’ll show you how to build a Latching Power Switch Circuit , also know as an Auto Power Off Circuit . You can use this circuit to auto-power off the ESP32, ESP8266, Arduino, or any other microcontroller.

This circuit allows you to cut off power completely when the microcontroller is not executing any task. In other words, as soon as the microcontroller finishes executing a task it turns itself off via software. This is a great way to make batteries last longer in your electronics projects.

Before proceeding with this tutorial, here’s a high-level overview of what we’re going to do:

When you press the circuit’s pushbutton or close the circuit using any other components, there is power driven to the microcontroller. So, your ESP32, ESP8266 or Arduino turn on.
You set the LATCH pin (set in the code) to HIGH to keep the circuit powered on.
The microcontroller executes its tasks. In our example, it does nothing – it simply waits 10 seconds. You can modify the code to execute a useful task.
Set the LATCH pin to LOW, so the microcontroller auto powers off.
When the LATCH pin is set to LOW, the power is cut off.

Auto Power Off vs Deep Sleep

The auto power off circuit cuts off the power completely. So, there is no power consumption when the microcontroller is not executing any task.

In deep sleep mode there is much less power consumption than the active mode. However, there is always power consumption because your microcontroller is always being powered on (for an introduction to deep sleep with the ESP8266, you can read the following article: ESP8266 Deep Sleep with Arduino IDE ).

Parts Required

To follow this tutorial you need the following parts:

ESP32 Dev Board ( read ESP32 boards review )
ESP8266 NodeMCU ( read ESP8266 boards review )
Arduino UNO ( read best Arduino Starter Kits )
NDP6020P Transistor P-Channel MOSFET
2N3904 Transistor BJT NPN
Resistors: 220K Ohm, 2x 100K Ohm, 10K Ohm, and 220 Ohm
2x Diodes (for example: 1N5819)
Switch/Pushbutton
5V Power Supply

You can use the preceding links or go directly to MakerAdvisor.com/tools to find all the parts for your projects at the best price!

Auto Power Off Circuit Diagram

The following circuit diagram shows the Latching Power Switch Circuit (Auto Power Off Circuit) diagram.

power latch circuit schematics esp32 esp8266 arduino

The terminals at the right numbered with 1, 2, and 3 should then be connected to your microcontroller board.

Pin 1 connects to 5V.
Pin 2 can be connected to any digital pin of the microcontroller. In our example, we’ll connect that pin to GPIO 5 / Digital 5.
Pin 3 connects to GND.

How the Auto Power Off Circuit Works

1) When you press the switch or close the circuit, there is power reaching the base of the 2N3904 transistor. So, the 2N3904 is pulled low taking the gate (G) of the MOSFET to GND.

2) The P-Channel MOSFET turns on when its gate is negative relative to the source. When you press the button, the gate of the MOSFET is pulled to GND, allowing current to flow to the VIN pin, which will power the microcontroller. This happens as long as the MOSFET’s gate is pulled to GND.

3) To keep the MOSFET’s gate pulled to GND after releasing the pushbutton, we send a HIGH signal through a microcontroller’s GPIO. When we send a HIGH signal, there is power reaching the base of the transistor.

4) Therefore, we ensure that the MOSFET’s gate is pulled to GND, and current flows to the VIN terminal to power our microcontroller.

5) When we want to power off the circuit, we simply need to set the GPIO to LOW. When that happens, there isn’t power reaching the base of the transistor, so the MOSFET doesn’t let the current flow to the VIN pin, and there isn’t power consumption.

Auto Power Off Circuit – ESP32

Here’s how to wire the circuit if you’re using an ESP32.

Auto Power Off Circuit – ESP8266

Here’s the diagram for the ESP8266.

Auto Power Off Circuit – Arduino

Finally, here’s how to connect the latch circuit to the Arduino.

Uploading Code

Before proceeding with this tutorial you should have your Arduino IDE prepared. Follow one of the following tutorials to install the ESP32 or ESP8266 on the Arduino IDE, if you haven’t already. If you’re using an Arduino you don’t need to install anything else.

Windows instructions
Mac and Linux instructions
Installing ESP8266 Board in Arduino IDE

View raw code

How the Code Works

Let’s take a closer look on how the code works and how you can use it in your projects.

We start by defining the power latch pin. We’re using GPIO 5 , but you can use any other pin. This GPIO is connected to the latch power circuit pin 2 terminal.

In the setup() , we define the power latch pin as an output.

Next, we set the power latch pin to HIGH . When we set it to high, we ensure that there is power coming to feed the microcontroller.

Next, we wait 10 seconds.

After that, we set the power latch pin to LOW . When it is set to low, the power is cut off, and the microcontroller turns off.

You should add the task you want to perform after setting the power latch pin to HIGH and before setting it to LOW .

Wrapping Up

The Latching Power Switch Circuit , also know as an Auto Power Off Circuit allows you to turn off your microcontroller via software, whether you’re using an ESP32, ESP8266, Arduino, or any other board. This circuit is specially useful to save power: the microcontroller turns itself down after executing a task.

In our example, we’ve used a pushbutton to close the circuit to provide power to the microcontroller, but you can use any other component to close the circuit – like a reed switch for example. We hope you’ve found this tutorial useful and you’re able to use it in your electronics projects to save power.

For more electronics projects, you can take a look at our repository of more than +200 Electronics projects and Tutorials or enroll in our premium courses .

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Enjoyed this project stay updated by subscribing our newsletter, 111 thoughts on “latching power switch circuit (auto power off circuit) for esp32, esp8266, arduino”.

I think there is a problem in the schematics digram. The point is related to the npn transistor and the P channel Mosfet. What do you think ? Thanks

Ambrogio is right. You need to connect the NPN emitter (1) to the GND to set the gate to zero to open the PMOS.

Thank you both Jiri and Ambrogio. I has a small mistake and the schematics are now fixed! Thanks for letting me know

hey i have a doubt that this circuit can only be off by microcontroller only …this don’t go off when push button is pressed 2nd time after on i am right or not ??? plss clearify

I haven’t built it, but it doesn’t look right to me. Normally in an NPN transistor, current flows from collector (pin 3 in the schematic) to emitter (pin 1) in the direction of the arrow. So I don’t understand how it would work with pin 3 at the lower voltage (ground).

Exactly. It’s now fixed!

Isn’t that MOSFET a bit of an overkill?

24A continuous seems a bit too much headroom, even for the pulse current of an ESP…

This my opinion of the circuit: The circuit is correct and the mosfet is a perfect solution. If you should use a transistor, there is always a voltage drop across the transistor of about 0.7V. The resistance of the used mosfet is 0.05 ohm . Thus almost no voltage drop across the mosfet .The used type is a low voltage type. All together it is a good choice.

Hello, Wonderful tutorial. Now suppose I want to create this on a PCB, what can I use instead of NDP6020p? As i searched, it is available only in TO-220 and TO-263 package which is very big. Can you suggest any other SMD MOSFET? I can design the PCB and open-source it to the RTN community so it may become useful.

Thanks! You can try to use a different P-Channel MOSFET with similar specs and it should work exactly the same

Smaller SMT… DMG2305UX-7

ebay.co.uk/itm/5-X-MOSFET-P-CH-20V-SOT-23-3-DMG2305UX-7-Fnl/272684012161?hash=item3f7d3bd281:g:~6EAAOSwlMFZJIpe

Wrong current flow!!! And you must change transistor emitter with collector! Current will flow to ground and gate voltage will be low to turn on!

Thanks. It’s now fixed!

Hi Rui, Thanks for the circuit, it’s exactly what I was looking for. Where do I find the schematics with all the fixes ? Also do you have layout for the latch circuit ?

Thanks, Danny

I think the collector and emitter of the npn transistor are reversed.

C and E of 2N3904 must be swaped of course. 220 ohm in B is too small (cca 20mA base current?), 10k will be OK.

The p-channel mosfet turns on when its gate is negative with respect to its source. This occurs when the gate is pulled to ground. For this to happen, the 2n3904 emitter should go to ground and the collector should go to the gate of the fet. When the button is pushed the 2n3904 will turn on and tie the fet gate to ground which will turn the fet on and supply power to the microcontroller. Before pushing the button for the first time, the transistor is off and there will be no current flowing through the 100K gate to source resistor. Therefore the gate to source voltage is zero and the p-channel fet is off.

Exactly. We made a small mistake while designing the schematics and it’s now fixed! Thanks for letting me know

the battery needs to be turned over – to swap places + on –

The battery is correct…

Nice subject I hop next Tuto is How to start esp32 via web site for example (domotics)

How to turn this circuit on with Domotics? I’m not sure if I understood your question…

Probably, pin1 (emitter) and pin3 (collector) of 2N3904 have to be exchanged. Moreover, I ‘d recommend to place additional resistor 10-20kOhm between base of the 2N3904 and ground.

Exactly. We’ve made a small mistake while designing the circuit, but it’s now fixed and all the schematics should be correct. Thanks for letting us know.

With this circuit I can switch the micro off…. If I need to turn it on manually, I could also switch it off afterwards 🙂 Normally I would use an ESP for doing things automatically, repeatedly…. I would look for a real time clock chip (RTC, normally extremely low standby current) with a pin that toggles/goes up/down on alarm… to allow the micro to turn on again after a programmable time. This would have the advantage of having a good source for time (stamps) too.

As I understand the controller is doing one task or more and than switches itself off and it can only be started manually…….. Could be ok for some applications but not for many as the controller has to be started on manual again or by another device. Somebody knows a good pointer in how to get an esp8266 in deep sleep?

Hi. For a deep sleep tutorial with the esp8266, you can read: https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp8266-deep-sleep-with-arduino-ide/

Nice article and good topic! Couldn’t you simplify the circuit by just connecting the switch between the PMOS gate and ground, then putting the collector-emitter of the NPN in parallel with the switch, adding a resistor on the base, or else substituting an nmos for the npn without the need for a resistor. Then you can eliminate 2 diodes and 3 or 4 resistors.

One limitation of the circuit is that you can only use the button to power on the MCU. It would be nice to use the same button to power off. One option would be to use a DPST switch and connect the second pole to an MCU input, but DPST switches are not so common and more expensive. You could put a diode in front of an MCU input (to prevent current flowing to the MCU) and use an analog input to detect either the 0V switch or .2V VCE of the transistor. But then you probably need a pull up resistor on the analog input. Or you can use 2 diodes, one between the PMOS gate and the switch to ground, and another between the switch and MCU input. I think you would also need a separate pullup to the switch and diodes. Then you have a digital readout of the pushbutton (using internal pullup) by adding 2 diodes and a resistor.

Oops, no you shouldn’t need a second pullup to get a separate digital input of the switch state, just 2 diodes (the internal pullup on the digital input is all you need). Software to power off is a little tricky, as you first need to wait a bit on power on for the switch to be off for a while, then when detecting a power off request, wait for the switch to be released for some time (to debounce) then power off.

What’s the purpose of the 220K ???

It’s just a pull-down resistor for the pushbutton

I must be misunderstanding something. In figures 1 and 3, you show current flowing out of pin 3 (collector) of the 2N3904. How can current flow in that direction in an NPN transistor? If pin 1 (base) of the 2N3904 it will switch “on” and pin 3 will essentially be a ground level, as would the gate of the NDP6020P.

In the circuit description, current doesn’t flow “up” from the transistor to the mosfet gate, it flows “down” from the gate through the collector/emitter junction to ground.

This is a generic circuit concept seen in inexpensive switching regulators(flyback convertors) like mobile chargers, oscillating(high frequency) transistor circuit with both current and voltage(feedback) control with another transistor…

How the Auto Power Off Circuit Works 1) When you press the switch or close the circuit, there is power reaching the base of the 2N3904 transistor. So, the 2N3904 emitter goes to GND. When this happens, the gate (G) of the MOSFET is pulled to GND. Correction the 2N3904 emitter is already bonded to ground. Should say “the 2N3904 collector is pulled low taking gate of the MOSFET to ground.”

Hi Philip. Thank you for you suggestion. I’ve updated the explanation. Thank you. Regards, Sara 🙂

EXactly what I designed in a CCT. to use a clock chip (don’t remember it’s number) but it pulsed for one second every minute. Then, the micro (XMEGA) woke up, and determined – by reading the time – whether it had something to do that minute – if not, it’d shut down. Whole process took about a millisecond. Incidentally, I’d change the N-transistor for an N-fet. In my application, power was EVERYTHING! A microamp here would let the thing run longer.

Nice circuit.

Would you have to press the switch long enough for the processor to boot up and initialize pin#5? Alternatively, do you need a capacitor to keep the PNP on long enough for this to happen?

Thanks! Mike

Hi Mike. The circuit works great as it is presented. When use this circuit with the Arduino you have to press for some time and wait for it to initialize. When using the ESP32 or ESP8266 it works great with a simple press, it instantly initializes when you press the pushbutton. Regards, Sara 🙂

Great tutorial! Have you measured current flow during off state?

Hi. Thank you. Yes, we’ve measured current flow. And there isn’t current flow in off state. There are other circuits that also work great, but they consume a little bit of current. This circuit doesn’t consume – which is great! Thanks. Regards, Sara.

To turn on, use TPL5111.

Hi. That’s also a great way to manage power. I wasn’t aware of that. Adafruit has a TPL5111 Low Power Reset Timer breakout board, and it looks awesome. Thank you for sharing! Regards, Sara 🙂

I thought I would take the time to learn how to use CircuitMaker … decided to use Rui’s “Latching Power Circuit” as a test run. If anyone wants the Gerber files you can get them here: circuitmaker.com/Projects/Details/G-E/Latching-Power-Circuit

You will need to download CircutMaker (free) and create an account. I changed things up a bit by adding a power-on LED and a mini USB as a power connector. Also, lumped some of the resistor values to reduce the BOM count.

Hi Geato. That’s great! We’ve also been thinking about building a PCB with that circuit. I’m sure that will be useful for many of our readers! Thank you for sharing and keep up the good work! Regards, Sara 🙂

Hello, this is a great project. I was looking for a solution to save as much as possible the battery of my connected button. I got to make a system similar to yours but using a small 5v bistable relay and of course I’m not very proud to have used a relay even if it works! I will test your system but I would have liked to know the minimum and maximum battery voltages that your system can support. Thank you.

Hi Serge. We haven’t tested the minimum and maximum battery voltages. We’ve used a 5V power supply and it worked well. You have to experiment with other voltages and see how it goes. Regards, Sara 🙂

Thank you for your answer, I will try some batteries with different voltages (9v, 7.5v, 4.5v) because I have not found a 5v.

what is the current used? when not on?

Hi Jorge. There isn’t current flow in off state. Regards, Sara 🙂

I have tried similar circuitswith arduinos, the problem I found was the arduino runs through the boot code and it is not guaranteed that any GPIO pin is high until the boot code is complete and your code runs. So unless you press the button until the boot code has finished, the power is removed and the arduino drops out.

Hi John. Yes, in case of the Arduino, you need to hold the pushbutton for a while instead of just pressing. For ESP32 and ESP8266 we just need to press and it works. Regards, Sara 🙂

I was about to post that i had the same issue because I am using a nano with this circuit and have to hold the button for approximately 2 seconds for the function to work. Do you think there is a way to add a capacitor to somewhere to overcome the necessity of a 2 second button press?

Hi, would this be compatible with ATtiny 85?

Regards Geoff

Useful circuit. I’ve found that it requires the switch to be held closed for several seconds to allow an Arduino to power up properly so that it latches on. You can get round this by putting a capacitor (200uF)across the 220K resistor to ground. This charges when the switch is closed and has enough power to hold the 2N3904 on until the GPIO pin input can be brought high.

Hi Pete. Yes, in case of Arduino you need to hold the button to power it up properly. Thank you for sharing your solution! We need to try it out. Regards, Sara 🙂

Also, if you feed the power from the circuit into the RAW (VIN) pin on the Arduino rather than the 5v pin you can increase the input voltage as you will be using the built in power regulator. I’m currently running mine off a 9v supply.

I have tried this with a 220uf cap and it only knocks off a split second. I took it all the way to 2000uf and it only knocked off 1 second.. What am I missing?

Does it also work with 3,3V power supply ? For example with an attiny85

Yes, it should definitely work with any microcontroller.

Hi, ive got this all working on a 5v power source with ESP8266 (wemos D1 R2 mini). but 3.3v doesnt work. Esp8266 wont power on. Anything i should test or thing about. Ideallt i;d like to use this for a postbox notifyer running off single 18650 battery with 3.3v LDO.

Hello James, unfortunately I can’t give you a good answer, because I’ve tested your exact setup and it worked on my end. I’ve used 3.3V with a WeMos D1 Mini…

Just use espdeepsleep man. You’ll get years out of that 18650. The heat in the summertime will kill that battery before the WeMos drains it.

Hi Rui, always thanks for your time. I am trying to make this circuit, however, using alternative components, since I do not have the ones you indicated in the house. My modifications concern the 2N3904 transistors with BC547b and the 1N5819 diode with 1N5817 or 1N4007. Do you think I may have problems?

Ciao Rui, grazie sempre per il tuo tempo. Sto provando a realizzare questo circuito usando però dei componenti alternativi, dal momento che non dispongo in casa di quelli da te indicati. Le mie modifiche riguardano i transistor 2N3904 con BC547b e il diodo 1N5819 con 1N5817 oppure 1N4007. Pensi che potrò avere problemi?

Can you somehow invert this? That power gets fed only when circuit is open? Useful for using magnetic door sensor for triggering an alarm.

because reed switch is closed when magnet is near (door closed) but I would rather have this inverted

Hello, I am making some test with the NDP6020P p-mosfet with a simple resistor (19.5ohm) as you can see here: circuitlab.com/circuit/bcc7d46ym8qc/p-channel-mosfet-ndp6020p-test/

the problem is that if i use a 3.3v dc voltage the max current i get is only 60mA and not 169mA as espected, any idea on why? 60mA is really tho small to power an ESP8266 i think.

I have attempted this setup with an esp01 (3.3v battery). The red led flashes on when the button is pressed but no program seems to be executed – and the latching circuit never seems to turn of – i’m using the GPIO2 of the esp which coincidentally is HIGH on boot. If i however only connect GND, VCC and the CH_VD pin, that is leaving out the GPIO2 pin and press the button for the duration of the code execution (sending and email) everything seems fine.. anythoughts?

Can this work with a 12V power source?

I’m working on a Raspberry Pi project which I would like to fully turn off via software. I want to put the soft latch mechanism before the DC-DC converter that I’m using for powering all components (Raspberry Pi, 10” screen, etc), and I’m powering that DC-DC converter with a 12V power source. The maximum load will be less than 30W.

With Rui’s suggested hardware, then yes, the P-channel MOSFET used as the high side switch is good for 20V. The DC-DC converter is supplied its input power by this mosfet, make sure you don’t feed 20v to your Pi! Once your device has booted and supplying a base current to the 2N3904 transistor, this will keep the mosfet on. The problem as I see it is the Pi takes some time to boot and drive the GPIO pins, so the “start” button will have to be held closed until this point! G

I’d like to use this as a power saving circuit for a mailbox notifier – it works great, but there is one problem – if the trigger stays high (e.g. mailbox lid stays open for some reason) there is no power off as it gets constant triggering. Any ideas to alter the design to trigger only on rising edge? The objective would be that it triggers on high, but would then need to go low first before next triggering again…

have you found a solution ?

I added ESP.deepsleep(0) to the end of the code like this

digitalWrite(powerLatch, LOW); ESP.deepSleep(0);

That way if the switch is held closed – I’m using a microswitch – the wemos will at least go to deep sleep instead of powered on. Once the switch is opened again the mosfet switches off.

It look very interesting. But I would like to use the RTC alarm to trig the latch but it low active. How can I modify the circuit to use low active RTC alarm instead of push button? Any suggestion would be appreciate.

Am designing a “busy box” for my 15 month old grandson and going to use this schematic but need to use smd. Will include the 200uf cap across the 220k resistor. any suggestions on a suitable mosfet using smd.

Hey, In this circuit you will be never able to switch off power supply if you use normal switch or reed switch ? If you hold push button, or you bring magnet close to reed switch or you use power on switch, your board will wake up execute program turn off the power supply, but in same moment you put GPIO low, current will again flow to base of transistor and then all will repeat. Im I right?

There is a problem. When I press the switch the circuit power ups the micro controller as expected but when GPIO is set and power switch is released the power gets cut off. In order to debug. I set the GPIO pin and circuits output the set 4 volts.

The problem is when switch is continuously pressed and GPIO is set in that case releasing power switch cut off the power.

What is going wrong here with me. GPIO voltage is 3v and all components assembled as is shown in the diagram.

It seems like Sudden voltage change at the output due to different GPIO voltage and Battery voltage. This sudden change in voltage reset the ESP32. Even though out put goes through LDO

if the button is held down, the npn transistor is powered by both a 5v battery source and a 3.3v gpio pin source. Is it safe to power a transistor from 2 different voltages?

Hello, Wonderful tutorial. The diagram is up to date? Thanx

Great tutorial! I found a way to do it without needing diodes that seems to work pretty well. Basically, when the tactile switch is closed and the MCU turns on, the GPIO pin turns on an optocoupler. The optocoupler acts as a switch, providing an alternative route for the current, around the tactile switch. i.e. the collector of the optocoupler is connected to +5V, and the emitter is connected to the output side of the tactile switch. When you want to turn the MCU off, just set the GPIO to low and the optocoupler turns the whole circuit off. Also, if using an Arduino, just disable the bootloader so the GPIO activates immediately and you wont need to hold it down.

Once again, can you please tell me how do you use a reed switch to trigger the circuit? In the video there is a brief shot near the end of this happening when someone removes the magnet and the circuit comes on. I gather this is because it causes the trigger signal to go high on the base of the first transistor Q3 which in turn does the same of the second transistor Q2 turning on the MOSFET etc. But wouldn’t the trigger signal at the base of Q3 stay high so the circuit never turns off? The video only shows it coming on but it does not show it going off again. I suspect that you really can’t use a reed switch at all?

Hi David, You would need to use a magnetic reed switch with a normally closed contact “Held Open” by the magnet but closes when the magnet moves away. This configuration is “fail safe” as when the magnet is removed (or missing for any reason) the contact of the reed switch closes and energises the primary side of Rui’s circuit. Using a switch that will close in ANY EVENT that removes the magnet is fundamentally safe; a contact which opens when the magnet moves away you can never tell when or why the contact is open?

The reed switch contact when closing will power the device which must run code that then “latches” the circuit in the “ON” position, meaning that the magnet/reed switch can return to it’s open state but your microcontroller will mantian the latch until it has finished processing whatever code you need it to do. It then kills power to itself by releasing the latch input to Rui’s circuit when all the code is done and it is time to sleep again. HTH, Garry

Thanks Garry but I really don’t understand this. Let’s say I want to put a reed switch (with ground, NO and NC terminals) on a door and I want to fire up the microcontroller whenever the door is opened OR closed. How would this work? It seems to me that if opening the door closes the NC contact this triggering the latching circuit, the latching circuit won’t cut the power to the microcontroller when it has done its job if the door is left open and, in fact, the power will continue to supply the microcontroller until the door is closed. So this would not be a solution to my problem where I want the microcontroller to send an MQTT message each time the door is opened or closed then power itself off until the next such event.

Hi, nice circuit. Is it possible to change this circuit a little bit to power on the ESP with the 1Hz outputsignal from an RTCDS3231? I think to implement an LMC555, what do you mean?

Hi, I don’t conpletely understand this circuit. When I press the pushbutton the arduino is powered on, but it is powered off ass soon as I release it as there is a HIGH signal comint through the 100k resistor. Could you explain?

After arduino turn on, the code run and it will active the latch circuit instead. So, it will not turn off when you release the button. If you try doing this but found that arduino still turn off (assume that everything prepare correctly). One reason is that arduino still on boot stage and then still not active the latch circuit when you release the button. Just try pushing the button a little bit longer.

I found this circuit useful for my battery powered system. My system is composed of a 3.7V 1200mAh Li-ion battery, Your Auto Power Off Circuit, A dc – dc boost converter circuit and a standalone microcontroller circuit with atmega328p. Circuit block goes from 1, 2, 3, 4.

Li – ion battery Auto power off circuit dc – dc boost converter (set to 7V) atmega328p circuit (Has an input voltage regulator, 78M05)

My problem is that if I go 1, 2, 3, 4 in cascade, the atmega328p circuit is not getting proper 5V. But if go 1, 3, 2, 4 in cascade (boost converter adjusted to 5V and 78M05 is removed from atmega circuit), the atmega328p circuit is working as expected but the battery is getting discharged even when not in use. This discharge problem is not shown in 1, 2, 3, 4.

So what I think is that if some components are changed in the Auto power off circuit I may get 1, 2, 3, 4 to work as expected. Can you help me with this?

If i put trigger PIN always on .. do the esp say on? Or.. even if i put 3.3v on trigger for long time .. i still need to set the GPIO to high ?

Hi , think something wrong with the circuit. When i power on, power never reaches beyon 10k resistor before diode. But when i trigger npn trnsistor with mcu, circuit works.

I found an other nice use for this latching circuit for a car that is parked, unsupervised for long periods. The car’s own security system/immobiliser brings the 12v battery down in a matter of weeks so is no use for long term protection. I remove the starter battery and instead use this:

I have a GSM/GPS tracker unit hidden in the car and a lithium 12v, 2500mAh battery isolated by this latching circuit, enough for about 36 hours tracking at least. I use this circuit with a vibration switch in parallel with a tilt switch to detect any tampering with the car. The latching circuit on a PCB powers up my tracker via the output pin of the PCB latch unit in the event of tampering and I loop this power through to the latch (pin2) input through a 1k resistor. The unit could be triggered by a false alarm in which case the tracker never moves but the lithium battery would exhaust itself. To fix this, the tracker has a NpN circuit internally which may be commanded by SMS or an APP to drive a relay (switching the low side of the relay coil), usually to cut-off fuel supply or ignition and stop the engine. As I have no starter/ignition battery in the car, I use this GPIO to pull down the latch input through a 100R resistor. This pull down is only momentary as once the 2N3904 transistor base voltage drops, the P-Channel MOSFET switches off and everything goes back to sleep.

The reason I am posting here is that all the examples of Rui here and on the supporting video show programatically releasing the latch using an event or timer in your code. This is fine if an event like this is available but it is very simple using MQTT or ESPNOW for example to command your device remotely to release the latch.

I also mention my looping the output power to the latch input with either a transistor, relay or other switch to drop the latch as I had an issue using uPython to latch this circuit. I am not entirely sure but I believe the time taken to start uPython on the microcontroller and run through initialisation may have missed a very short transient trigger. I found it was not robust but didn’t persist long enough to know for sure.

I hope these ideas help some of you, best of luck.

Hi, I had some problems getting this working. First of all the sketches are correct but the wiring in the photo with the breadboard is still wrong. Adding a multimeter to follow up the current finally helped me to get it running. I can confirm it works with a simple arduino uno and an esp8266. And yes waiting until the count of 2 or even 5 (so pressing the button somewhat longer) does the trick. But still in some cases he circuit does not work and sometimes several attemps are necessary.

The direction of the arrows in the 2N3904’s collector and emitter terminals is wrong. Aside some specific scenarios, the current flows into the collector, not out of the collector, and current doesn’t flow from 0V to VCC, not with a NPN transistor.

I have replaced the 2N3904 with IRFZ44N, this works fine for my ESP-01s but does not work for ESP-12e. I also an MCP1700T LDO to get the voltage from the battery to 3.3V. Any Ideas why this does not work for ESP12e?

Good project. I want to use this latch circuit to follow my letters box . I want to put a magnetic reed switch (instead of the switch on the schematic) on my door’s letter box and be informed when the postman open and close this door’s letter box. My problem is that i would like to invert the signal of that switch. In sleep mode, reed switch is “on” and when the postman insert a letter, he opens the door, signal is “off”. So i want my ESP32 to be wake up when signal is off Is it possible to invert that on the latching circuit ? thx

You don’t need to invert if you use a clever trick!

I am guessing that you use an ESP32 to message you somehow via WiFi/ESP-NOW/MQTT?

If your microcontroller can boot and set the “Latch” ouptput quickly enough then you can use a physically large magnet that is parked behind the reed tube. As the door opens, the magnet will pass by the reed and close the switch (hopefully for long enough for the ESP32 drive the latch output high and latch Rui’s power circuit “on”). Your code on the ESP32 could then notify you that the postman has called, this is pretty easy using Arduino or MicroPython code on the ESP and a protocol like MQTT. Telegram and Pushbullet are two other apps that will run on your phone that you can message directly from your ESP32

It is easy (assuming there is WiFi around your ESP32) to send a command from your mobile phone for exampele with a MQTT message to reset the ESP32 and drive the latch output low again to go in to full “no load” sleep again. It is also possible to watch for your reed switch going low-high-low suggesting that the postman closed the door then simply wait for a set time to be sure and then shut down as Rui does in his example.

I have used this circuit in many projects. The last one uses a mercury tilt switch and a mechanical vibration sensor to trigger GPS/3G tracking unit on a car in long term storage. The pulse from the vibration sensor is so short, literally milliseconds but is long enough for the output of the latch pcb to feed back in to the latch input and turn on the GPS tracker. There is no battery that could power any circuit even in very deep sleep for months at a time but this zero current solution is ideal. If there is a false alarm and the GPS doesn’t move then I can sleep the power latch circuit by sending an SMS to the tracker. It breaks the input signal to the latch and sleeps everything again.

This is a very versatile circuit,

Tey do make Both NC and NO reed switches.

Hello, this is a really great tutorial. I want to build it by myself, but have problems to find the mosfet NDP6020P or an equivalent p-channel logic level mosfet at electronic-parts-shops in germany. I’ve searched for 2 hours and can’t find a NDP6020P or a replacement. Could you post some popular replacement mosfets that do the same job. Thank you very much.

Useful description, thank you very much! My question is how should I modify the circuit so that after turning on the circuit, I can use the switch as a digital input on one of the GPIO inputs?

is it possible to order the board with the components from you?

Hi. Unfortunately, we don’t sell the components. Regards,

Great tutorial! Would you please provide a sketch that works with a 3.7 V LiPo battery and also name an alternative NDP6020P mosfet as this one is not available anywhere. Would be great to get this to work with a WEMOS D1 mini (pro).

Built the circuit using a IRF9Z34NPBF mosfet. Lokal vendor suggested a BC 546 transistor and SR 106 diodes which worked for me.

Will any thing bad happen if you plug in usb power to the wemos mini (or Esp32) while the battery is attached?

A functional circuit for a very useful purpose.

However, upon consulting my personal inventory of random parts, the market of random part kits, and some other light research, I have to question the way the problem was approached.

Specifically the use of a P channel mosfet to bring the board’s VCC up seems to be straightforward logically but not an idea solution. Designing around a N channel mosfet to disconnect the board from ground seems like it may be more economical.

Thank you for providing a useful starting building block for me regardless.

Thanks for your great explanation!

I have tried to make this circuit in an electronics simulator, and when running it, when the switch is off, I can see there is a current of 214nA and 746.9mV going to the VIN of the MCU. So according to the simulation it looks like there’s some Amperage drain in the Mosfet. Is this normal? If so, how could we avoid that?

The circuit is correct I used 3,3V as an input (from 3,7V battery with 3,3V step down regulator) and I get 3,3V on OUTput but when I use it for esp12 it didn’t work. When I used the battery and regulator (without this circuit) then ESP12 booted. Do you have any ideas why?

Low voltage MOSFET (Vgate-dren need to be about 6 or 8 or 12 V) solved the problem.

Not sure what I am doing wrong but the mosfet is always on, won’t turn off at all. Powering the circuit with a 4.2 LiIon battery.

Ignore the above, fake mosfets from AliExpress, branded P channel where they are actually N.

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Ukraine summit opens door to limited future talks with Russia

The June 15-16 gathering in Lucerne, Switzerland, will focus on the three measures as a way to build trust in order to later engage with Moscow on a limited number of issues, according to a draft document seen by Bloomberg.

Although Russian officials have been excluded from the Kyiv-led format, the document says that an end to the war must involve all parties.

“We, therefore, agreed to undertake concrete steps which can serve as confidence building measures in the above-mentioned areas with further engagement of the representatives of the Russian Federation,” the document, which is subject to change in negotiations, says.

Before opening talks with Moscow, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy had aimed to secure consensus from countries — particularly those of the so-called Global South — for a broader set of demands that included the full withdrawal of Russian troops from Ukraine.

But the aims of the Swiss summit, a culmination of rounds of talks by senior diplomats and national security advisers from dozens of nations, have narrowed from Ukraine’s 10-point blueprint in an effort to secure the participation of as many leaders as possible.

Ukraine and its allies have struggled to win full backing for the process, above all from China, which has signaled it may not attend the meeting. Zelenskyy last week accused Beijing, which has sought to portray itself as neutral even as it maintains close ties with Moscow, of working to undermine the summit.

The extent of the participation from other key nations, such as India, Brazil, South Africa and Saudi Arabia, remains unclear.

Biden No-Show

Still, over 100 countries and 75 heads of state have confirmed they will attend, according to the Ukrainian leader. Most Group of Seven leaders will attend, but not U.S. President Joe Biden. Vice President Kamala Harris will make the trip, the White House said Monday. Biden’s national security advisor, Jake Sullivan, will join her.

The draft document lays out three main principles:

•Nuclear power facilities must be safe and any threat of using nuclear weapons is “inadmissible.” Nuclear installations, including the power plant in Zaporizhzhia, must operate under Ukrainian control and in line with principles set out by the International Atomic Energy Agency.

•Food security must not be “weaponized” — and be guaranteed by free navigation in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov. Ukraine must have access to third parties for its agriculture products.

•All captives in the war must be released, including all “deported and unlawfully displaced” Ukrainian children and civilians, who must be returned to Ukraine.

Russia has in the past sought to influence other international gatherings, such as meetings of the Financial Action Task Force — by pressuring governments and threatening to upend defense and energy deals — and looked to enroll allies such as China for help, Bloomberg has reported. Moscow has also made Africa a key focus of its disinformation efforts.

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi meanwhile said more than two dozen countries have expressed backing for Beijing’s initiative to resolve the war, which would involve both Ukraine and Russia.

The draft, which says a path to peace must align with the United Nations Charter, anticipates that a second summit will take place.

Salmon and farmers are on the same side

In the hottest year ever recorded, another wheat harvest is wrapping up.

Ukraine-Russia war latest: Kremlin responds to claims Russia is targeting Olympics

After reports that Moscow is targeting the Paris Olympics with a disinformation campaign, the Kremlin has responded. Meanwhile, NATO only has two to three years to prepare before Russia regains its ability to launch a conventional attack on the alliance, Norway's top general has said.

Tuesday 4 June 2024 18:07, UK

Vladimir Putin at the Beijing Capital International Airport. Pic: Yue Yuewei/Xinhua via AP

Big picture: Everything you need to know about the war right now
Kremlin denies disinformation campaign targeting Olympics
Russia could be ready to attack NATO in three years, Norway warns
Baby among seven civilians injured in overnight missile strike
Navalny's mother and supporters visit grave on his birthday
Live reporting by Bhvishya Patel

We're pausing our coverage for today but we will be back tomorrow with more updates.

Here is a rundown of the key developments today:

Norway's top general said NATO only has two to three years to prepare before Russia regains its ability to launch a conventional attack on the alliance;
German Chancellor Olaf Scholz said Ukraine's use of Western-supplied weapons to strike targets in Russia will not "contribute to escalation";
Microsoft made allegations in the New York Times that Russia was targeting the upcoming Olympics with a disinformation campaign;
The mother of Alexei Navalny and his supporters visited his grave to lay flowers and pay tribute to the late Kremlin critic on what would have been his 48th birthday.

You can scroll back through the blog to read all our updates from today.

Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov has said any foreign military staff training Ukrainian troops will not have any "immunity" from Russian strikes.

"Any instructors who train the Kyiv regime's troops don't have any sort of immunity," he said in a conference call with reporters today.

Reports have suggested talks are ongoing over whether French instructors could soon be sent to support training centres in Ukraine.

Ukrainian troops have been preparing to fire towards Russian positions on the frontline in the eastern Donetsk region.

Donetsk is one of the four provinces Vladimir Putin proclaimed as part of Russia in an illegal referendum at the start of the war and fighting here is particularly intense.

Russia's two biggest banks plan to open branches and offices in the regions of Ukraine that Moscow claimed to have annexed next month.

Sberbank chief executive German Gref said in Russia's upper house of parliament the bank would be "present throughout the whole country's territory".

VTB chief executive Andrei Kostin said they would open two offices in Luhansk in July and had plans to start serving clients in Donetsk and the port city of Mariupol by the end of the year.

For context : Vladimir Putin illegally annexed Ukraine's Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions in September 2022, after what Ukraine and its Western allies branded sham referendums.

The move was condemned by many countries as illegal.

Russian forces only partly control the four regions.

Manufacturers and distributors need to improve compliance with Russia-related sanctions, the deputy secretary of the US Treasury has said.

American companies in particular need to pay more attention to their supply chains to ensure they are not complicit with Russia's evasion of sanctions over Ukraine, Wally Adeyemo said in an interview with CNBC.

He said manufacturers of microelectronics and machine tools especially needed to step up compliance to help cut off supplies of "dual use" goods to Russia, including from Chinese producers.

Freight forwarders and distributors need to do the same and financial institutions need to look at their relationships with small and medium-sized banks in "countries of concern" because Moscow is looking for ways around US sanctions, Mr Adeyemo said.

Volodymyr Zelenskyy's chief of staff has said that using Western weapons to strike inside Russia was a vital decision that would impact Moscow's tactical aviation and its offensive ability in border regions.

"This will impact the conduct of the war, planning of counteroffensive actions, and will weaken Russians' abilities to use their forces in the border areas," Andriy Yermak said on Telegram.

Russia has said the move would mark an escalation to the conflict and has threatened war with NATO if Western weapons are used in its airspace.

By Ivor Bennett , Moscow correspondent

Dozens of Alexei Navalny supporters have visited his grave to lay flowers and pay tribute to the late Kremlin critic on what would have been his 48th birthday.

The opposition leader died at an Arctic prison colony in February, prompting outrage from Western governments.

Nearly four months on, his family say the cause of his death remains unexplained.

His widow Yulia Navalnaya has accused Vladimir Putin of ordering his murder, and last week his allies called for additional sanctions to punish the Russian president's inner circle.

The Kremlin has repeatedly denied any involvement in his death. According to his death certificate, he died of natural causes.

Navalny's mother, Lyudmila, as well as his mother-in-law Alla Abrosimova, were among those who gathered at his grave in the Borisovskoye cemetery in southeast Moscow today.

Video posted by SOTAvision on the social media platform Telegram shows a memorial service led by Dmitry Safronov, a priest who was previously banned from clerical duties by the Russian Orthodox Church for presiding over a similar service in March, which marked 40 days since the activist's death.

According to the independent Novaya Gazeta newspaper, three police officers were on duty near the cemetery but they did not make any arrests.

Having been convicted of multiple charges, ranging from fraud to extremism, Navalny was serving sentences totalling more than 30 years when he died.

His Anti-Corruption Foundation (FBK) is outlawed in Russia, and has been accused by the authorities of having links to the CIA.

What remains of his team now operates in exile.

Polish farmers have resumed their protest blockade at the Ukrainian border crossing due to agricultural imports from the country.

Farmers in Poland have staged sporadic demonstrations at the border since last autumn.

The demonstrators are blocking trucks from leaving Ukraine.

Cargo vehicles heading to Ukraine are allowed to enter by 12 trucks per 12 hours and by four trucks with humanitarian aid per hour, the Ukrainian Border Guard Service said.

Other vehicles are continuing as usual.

"Representatives of Polish farmers demand reduced imports of Ukrainian crops to Polish territory from Ukraine," the Border Guard Service said.

Disputes over crop imports have strained the relationship between Warsaw and Kyiv, with both countries being major agricultural producers.

Polish farmers have complained that Ukrainian products create uneven competition, particularly since the EU lifted tariffs in 2022.

Poland banned the import of several products from Ukraine, including grain, corn, and rapeseed, in 2023.

In our last post, we brought you news that Microsoft had made allegations in the New York Times that Russia was targeting the upcoming Olympics with a disinformation campaign.

Moscow has now branded those accusations "absolute slander", with Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov saying there is no substance to them.

Russia is widely accused of having waged disinformation campaigns over the years, often targeting elections in the United States, Europe and Britain.

Moscow has always denied it uses disinformation to influence public opinion.

The Paris Olympics are being targeted by a Russian-linked disinformation campaign, according to the New York Times.

Since last summer, efforts have been under way by a hacker group named Storm-1679, the paper reports.

The campaign "began in earnest" when a documentary was released with a doctored International Olympic Committee (IOC) logo, along with an AI-powered impersonation of Tom Cruise's voice.

The hackers "are trying to cultivate an anticipation of violence", said Clint Watts, the head of Microsoft's Digital Threat Analysis Centre.

"They want people to be fearful of going to the Olympics."

Storm-1679 makes around three to eight disinformation videos a week, Mr Watts told the newspaper, many of which appear as if they come from media outlets such as the BBC or Al Jazeera.

Both Russia and Belarus have been banned from competing in the Olympics over the war in Ukraine, but some athletes from those countries will be allowed to compete as "neutral athletes", the IOC announced in March.

The Paris games will take place between 26 July and 11 August.

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U.S. Allows Ukraine to Carry Out Limited Strikes Inside Russia With American Weapons

W ASHINGTON—In a significant policy reversal, the Biden administration on Thursday said for the first time that it would allow Ukrainian forces to do limited targeting with American-supplied weapons inside Russia.

The new policy will allow Ukrainian forces to use artillery and fire short-range rockets from Himars launchers against command posts, arms depots and other assets on Russian territory that are being used by Russian forces to carry out its attack on Kharkiv in northeastern Ukraine. But the policy doesn’t give Ukraine permission to use longer-range ATACMS surface-to-surface missiles inside Russia.

The narrow geographic scope represents an effort by the Biden administration to help Ukraine better defend against Russia’s continuing offensive while limiting the risk that the conflict in Ukraine could escalate into a direct clash between Washington and Moscow.

“The president recently directed his team to ensure that Ukraine is able to use U.S.-supplied weapons for counter-fire purposes in the Kharkiv region so Ukraine can hit back against Russian forces that are attacking them or preparing to attack them,” a U.S. official said. “Our policy with respect to prohibiting the use of ATACMS or long-range strikes inside of Russia has not changed.”

The policy shift was earlier reported Thursday by Politico.

The weapons the U.S. will allow the Ukrainians to use in the Kharkiv region include the Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System, or GMLRS, and High Mobility Artillery Rocket System, or Himars, and artillery systems, U.S. officials said.

The U.S. had since the conflict began in February 2022 declined to allow any U.S.-supplied weapons to be used to target forces inside Russia. Ukraine has been allowed to strike targets in Crimea because it is within Ukraine’s internationally recognized borders and Washington says that Moscow’s annexation of the peninsula is illegal.

Secretary of State Antony Blinken, traveling in Eastern Europe, signaled Wednesday that the administration was open to adjusting its policy proscribing the use of American weapons to strike Russia, but the new policy switch didn’t come until Thursday.

The Ukrainians made the request to use American-supplied weapons on targets inside Russia on May 13 as Moscow pressed its offensive in northeast Ukraine. Because of Kharkiv’s proximity to Russian territory, the Russian military has been able to fire across the border knowing that it couldn’t be struck by Western-supplied arms.

Following that appeal, national security adviser Jake Sullivan, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin and Gen. CQ Brown Jr., the chairman of the Joint Chiefs, agreed that the U.S. policy be adjusted and a formal recommendation was made to President Biden on May 15.

Biden also conferred that day with Gen. Christopher Cavoli, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s supreme allied commander, Austin and Sullivan and instructed them to work out the details. On May 17, Blinken backed the new approach in a meeting with Biden and Sullivan following his trip to Kyiv.

The U.S. policy change, which will enable Ukraine to strike Russian targets just over the Russia-Ukraine border, came after British Foreign Secretary David Cameron and French President Emmanuel Macron said they would remove the prohibition on the use of arms supplied by their nations against targets in Russia. NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg also said earlier this week that Western nations needed to consider lifting such restrictions.

In providing Ukraine with new flexibility, some Western officials have sought to define the circumstances in which Ukraine could be permitted to use the weapons. Macron, for example, has said that French-supplied weapons might be used to strike missile sites in Russia that were being used to attack Ukraine.

Russia has repeatedly warned the U.S. and other Western nations against providing longer-range missiles like the ATACMS to Ukraine and has hinted at retaliation.

“Constant escalation can lead to serious consequences,” Russian President Vladimir Putin said Tuesday.

But American officials say that it is Russia that has escalated the fighting by turning to North Korea for ballistic missiles and to Iran for one-way attack drones.

Russia’s recent encroachment on Kharkiv, Ukraine’s second-largest city, was raising alarm in Kyiv as well as Western capitals after Moscow’s armed forces used Russian territory as a staging ground for its assaults.

“Ukraine has the right to self-defense, and that includes also the right to strike legitimate military targets inside Russia,” said NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg at an informal meeting of NATO foreign ministers in Prague on Friday.

“This is even more urgent as we see that Russia has opened a new front,” said Stoltenberg, who had called for a change in policy before the announcement by the U.S. “They’re hitting Ukraine with missiles, with artillery based inside Russia. And of course, Ukraine must be able to hit back and to defend themselves.”

Write to Gordon Lubold at [email protected] and Michael R. Gordon at [email protected]

U.S. Allows Ukraine to Carry Out Limited Strikes Inside Russia With American Weapons

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Ukraine summit opens door to limited future talks with Russia
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