scenic tours africa

Africa Land Journeys  

Prepare to be amazed by the breathtaking marvels that await you in Africa. 

• Luxury Land Journeys | Escorted Tours
• Destinations
• Previous page

Take in iconic landmarks and a kingdom teeming with magnificent creatures.

Experience the rich traditions, wildlife, and cultures of this beautiful continent with a handcrafted land journey. From South Africa's breathtaking natural landscapes and the majestic Victoria Falls to Kenya and Tanzania's expansive savannahs.

Explore Africa

Discover the highlights awaiting you in Africa, Kenya and Tanzania to enhance your luxury Africa escorted tour with Scenic.

• South Africa & Victoria Falls
• Kenya & Tanzania

Why choose Scenic? 

It’s more than an escorted land tour - it’s a luxury journey in a class of its own. Enjoy the combined ease of personalised travel, with a selection of experiences that offer you a true insight into the culture, landscape and history of Africa.

Small Group Touring 

Enjoy fully escorted small group touring with a maximum of 30 guests on your land journey in Africa (24 guests in East Africa). You’ll have unparalleled access at a comfortable pace as you explore your destination.

Scenic Special Stays

A selection of handpicked, luxury accommodation will ensure your land journey in Africa becomes that little bit more extraordinary. A choice of remarkable hotels notable for their location, character and heritage are available. Or stay in a selection of exclusive game lodges such as the Sabi Sabi Bush Lodge in South Africa’s Kruger National Park or Sarova Mara camp in Kenya’s renowned Maasai Mara National Reserve.

Scenic Enrich

Be immersed in the cultural heart of your destination with our exclusive Enrich experiences. Journey into the traditional life and culture of warrior tribes like the Maasai and Zulu or indulge in an authentic African-style bush breakfast amidst the breathtaking open plains of the Maasai Mara. These once-in-a-lifetime moments are just a taste of what awaits you on our all-inclusive experiences.

Scenic Freechoice

Enjoy the highlights of Africa with Scenic’s all-inclusive Freechoice excursions. Choose from diverse sightseeing, activities and dining options at a pace that suits you. From touring South Africa’s famous vineyards or vibrant townships, walking in Nelson Mandela’s footsteps, in the tracks of an impala or on foot through bushland, you can choose from a wealth of experiences. 

Expert Tour Directors & Guides

When you embark on your luxury land journey, you can do so with the assurance that we’ve taken care of all the small details. Your expert, handpicked Tour Director, driver and local guides are dedicated to delivering an exceptional level of service to the Nth Degree and will be on hand to ensure you love every moment of your trip.

Scenic Game Drives

Go in search of Africa's 'Big Five': lions, leopards, buffalo, rhinos, and elephants. Your land journey takes you on open-top rides in custom Toyota Land Cruisers, designed for optimal photography and unrestricted viewing of these magnificent creatures.

Our experienced game rangers, along with expert local trackers, will be by your side, ensuring you have an unforgettable and educational safari through the African plains.

Where we travel in

Africa .

Featured  Itineraries 

Southern Africa Discovery

Essential Africa

South Africa Discovery

Southern African mystique

East Africa Adventure

Wonder beckons

South Africa & Victoria Falls

Your guide to Africa l and journeys 

Discover more....

Egypt & The Middle East

Japan & South Korea

Stay up to date and be inspired.

Yes, please keep me updated with the latest special offers, travel inspiration, product updates and event invites.

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Africa Land Journeys  

Prepare to be amazed by the breathtaking marvels that await you in Africa. 

• Destinations
• Previous page

Take in iconic landmarks and a kingdom teeming with magnificent creatures.

Experience the rich traditions, wildlife, and cultures of this beautiful continent with a handcrafted land journey. From South Africa's breathtaking natural landscapes and the majestic Victoria Falls to Kenya and Tanzania's expansive savannahs.

Explore Africa

Discover the highlights awaiting you in Africa, Kenya and Tanzania to enhance your luxury Africa escorted tour with Scenic.

• South Africa & Victoria Falls
• Kenya & Tanzania

Why choose Scenic? 

It’s more than an escorted land tour - it’s a luxury journey in a class of its own. Enjoy the combined ease of personalised travel, with a selection of experiences that offer you a true insight into the culture, landscape and history of Africa.

Small Group Touring 

Enjoy fully escorted small group touring with a maximum of 30 guests on your land journey in Africa (24 guests in East Africa). You’ll have unparalleled access at a comfortable pace as you explore your destination.

Scenic Special Stays

A selection of handpicked, luxury accommodation will ensure your land journey in Africa becomes that little bit more extraordinary. A choice of remarkable hotels notable for their location, character and heritage are available. Or stay in a selection of exclusive game lodges such as the Sabi Sabi Bush Lodge in South Africa’s Kruger National Park or Sarova Mara camp in Kenya’s renowned Maasai Mara National Reserve. View all accommodation options here.

Scenic Enrich

Be immersed in the cultural heart of your destination with our exclusive Scenic Enrich experiences. Journey into the traditional life and culture of warrior tribes like the Maasai and Zulu or indulge in an authentic African-style bush breakfast amidst the breathtaking open plains of the Maasai Mara. These once-in-a-lifetime moments are just a taste of what awaits you on our all-inclusive experiences. View all exclusive cultural events here.

Scenic Freechoice

Enjoy the highlights of Africa with Scenic’s all-inclusive Scenic Freechoice excursions. Choose from diverse sightseeing, activities and dining options at a pace that suits you. From touring South Africa’s famous vineyards or vibrant townships, walking in Nelson Mandela’s footsteps, in the tracks of an impala or on foot through bushland, you can choose from a wealth of experiences.  View all included excursions here.

Expert Tour Directors & Guides

When you embark on your luxury land journey, you can do so with the assurance that we’ve taken care of all the small details. Your expert, handpicked Tour Director, driver and local guides are dedicated to delivering an exceptional level of service to the Nth Degree and will be on hand to ensure you love every moment of your trip. Find out more about the team here.

Scenic Game Drives

Go in search of Africa's 'Big Five': lions, leopards, buffalo, rhinos, and elephants. Your land journey takes you on open-top rides in custom Toyota Land Cruisers, designed for optimal photography and unrestricted viewing of these magnificent creatures.

Our experienced game rangers, along with expert local trackers, will be by your side, ensuring you have an unforgettable and educational safari through the African plains.

Scenic Flightseeing

Where we travel in

Africa .

Featured   Itineraries 

South Africa & Victoria Falls

Southern African mystique

Your guide to Africa l and journeys 

Stay up to date and be inspired.

Yes, please keep me updated with the latest special offers, travel inspiration, product updates and event invites.

DATA PROTECTION NOTICE

By clicking 'SIGN UP' you consent to us sending you marketing communications featuring the latest news and offers from Scenic Tours Pty Ltd. You can unsubscribe with ease at any point. You also confirm that you have read and understood our Privacy Policy  and consent to our use of your information.

*Required fields

Cookies help us improve your website experience. By using our website, you agree to our use of cookies.

Embark on a luxury journey that immerses you to Africa’s only renowned wild places that are untamed, distinct, intimate and with wonderfully relaxed sports atmospheres afield the pristine sanctuaries endowered with abundant wildlife and enjoyed from the safety of our customized safari vehicles, scenic safari helicopters and private guided walking safaris.

Everyone at some point in their lifetime dreams of a wilderness adventure safari and visiting the pristine where wildlife reigns freely is always a dream come true for an experience from the imagination. Nowhere, globally quite embodies this adventurous and wilderness conservation vision better than Africa.

Our specially designated eight (8) destinations operated across Africa are inhabitants of only renowned versions of exceptional wild places that are untamed, distinctive, unpredictable and wildly remote. The admiration of embarking on an adventure safari to Africa’s wild pristine; is that no two destinations, no two game drives nor two gorilla trekking safaris are and will ever be the same. One day might have you scorching the pursuit of a pack of African predators including the lions, illusive leopards, wild hyenas and wild dogs on the hunt of the African buffalos, elephants or antelopes or immersed in over two (2) million wildebeests on an annual feeding migration. The next day could see you trekking out of the private safari vehicle or flight helicopter to inspect the delightfully, rarest and endangered mountain gorillas or Chimpanzees. 

Explora Journeys Africa takes you only to destinations that have been visited before by our travel specialists, private pilots and tour guiding team members with most of them being residents within the communities that surround these renowned wilderness sanctuaries and thus with the compliment of periodic refresher and classic trainings, are well conversant with the very small details about each of the destinations so that they can seamlessly guide you through from the start of planning your journey to the last sunset of each trip on the African lands.

• South Africa

Your Gateway to Africa's Untamed Beauty

Protect your life.

Embark on a Journey of Discovery with Explora Journeys Africa

+256 789 930991

Expertise and Experience

We have knowledge, expertise, and connections to create unforgettable journeys tailored to your preferences.

Customer Satisfaction

Our countless satisfied customers are a testament to the quality of our services.

Local Insight

Our team of experienced guides are passionate about Africa and possess in-depth knowledge of the destinations we visit.

Sustainable Practices

We are committed to promoting sustainable tourism practices that minimize our environmental impact and support local communities.

The pleasure of embarking on a luxury adventure safari, private guided gorilla trekking excursion or on-demand sports safari, explicitly means signing up for a discovery expedition and the reward for your curiosity is inevitable with the most exhilarating wilderness immersion of pure discovery possible across Africa’s only RENOWNED private game reserves, National Parks and exciting destinations. Seemingly, cliché to say that an adventure safari to any of our destinations is life-changing, but the travel experience from your immersion in the wildly rich sanctuaries genuinely does open the thoughts, charms the wilderness imagination, and transforms one’s perception about nature and sustainability. The wilderness marvels, the echoes, and indeed the smells blend in the most captivating way whilst inspiring, knowing that your travel will also positively impact the conservation communities towards the realization of sustainability. Whatever you are looking out for as your ultimate adventure safari or holiday escape, we have a journey that can be further personalised to exactly match your travel preference.

• Private Adventure Safaris

Gorilla Trekking & Primates Experience

• Scenic Flight Safaris

Magic Family Safaris

• On Demand Sports Safaris

• Solo Private Safari

• Honeymoon in Wilderness

• Photography Expedition

• Bird Watching

• Hiking Adventure Tours

Private Island & Coastal Excursions

• City and Cultural Tours

• Gorilla Trekking & Primates Experience
• Magic & Private Family Safaris
• Private Island & Coastal Excursions
• Luxury and Private Accommodation
• Why Explora Journeys Africa
• Our fleet of safari vehicles & Aircrafts
• Travel Insurance & Health Notice
• Travel Climate Conditions
• Children’s Travel Policy
• Our commitment to sustainability
• Founding Director

[email protected]

+255 753 316 954

• Scenic Flights

Helicopter Tours

Get Ready To Book Your

Kilimanjaro scenic flights & helicopter tours, see kilimanjaro and tanzania in a whole new way, rated the best and safest experience flights in tanzania | see our reviews.

Welcome To Ruka Africa

Book world-class flight tours over tanzania.

We are an innovative team of aviation and tourism professionals inspired to bring joy in the African Airspace and make expensive scenic flights a more affordable experience with our regular commercial Kilimanjaro scenic tours and helicopter safaris, both packaged and for private charter.

Book Your Kilimanjaro Adventure

See Kilimanjaro From The Sky at 20,000ft

Ruka Africa provide the worlds first Kilimanjaro scenic flights for private passengers in our luxury 8 seat Cessna Caravan.

Book your seats directly online or contact our friendly ground team today as we get ready to take you up and over Mount Kilimanjaro and Tanzania from Arusha Airport or JRO Airport to experience one of the greatest sights in the world at sunrise (7am-8am) or sunset (5pm-6pm).

Flying across the stunning landscapes of Tanzania, we encourage you to get your phones out to capture the breathtaking summit of Kilimanjaro as we gently ascend and decend over 1 hour on your tour, becoming the perfect accompniament to any holiday.

We look forward to seeing you and your family on board.

Helicopter Tours and Hire

See tanzania in a whole new way.

Our Ruka Africa Helicopter tours take you across some of Tanzania’s most beautiful scenery at a lower altitude than our Kilimanjaro scenic flights. Discover Lake Manyara, Ngorngoro crater, Lake Natron, Oldonyo Lengai and The Great Rift Valley Lakes as you prepare to explore the wilds of Tanzania from the skies.

Our Flights Include

We work hard to ensure you have the best and safest experience..

• Luxury 8 seat Cessna Caravan Airplane
• Luxury 5/6 seat Airbus Helicopter
• Bose Noise-Canceling Headsets
• Tablets With Ruka App and Flight Audio Tour
• All Taxes and Flight Fees
• Oxygen and Oxygen Masks (as we ascend above 20,000ft)
• Window Seat (All passengers)
• Bottled Drinking Water
• Sights of Wildlife, Glaciers, Kilimanjaro, Mawenzi Peak, Reusch Crater, Great Lakes and much more in 1hr

Our personal flight highlights and sights

Our pilots, crew and ground team have a deep love for Tanzania and Mount Kilimanjaro and still get our breath taken away today by her majestic beauty and changing seasons. Each flight brings a different experience whether you’re flying in the morning or in the evening, with your family and friends, groups or just a romantic flight into the sky, we are looking forward to taking you on a once in a lifetime experience.

The Experience

Flying in one of the worlds best and safest aircraft, the Cessna Caravan 8 Seat performance craft that delivers an exceptional experience when climbing to altitudes so you can see the world above Tanzania like never before.

You’ll climb above 20,000ft higher than the summit of Kilimanjaro and prepare yourself to be mesmerized by the beautiful views of Mawenzi peak, Kibo peak , Glaciers , Shira plateau and much more on your flight to the top of Africa.

The Setting

Prepare yourself to be mesmerized by the breath-taking views of Mawenzi peak, Kibo peak , Glaciers , Shira plateau and much more on your flight. See vegetation change from forest zone to desert zone right before your eyes.

The History

With over 4 million years of rich history, wildlife and natural wonders, Kilimanjaro region offers a world-class lesson in the beauty of mother nature across Tanzania. See volcanic peaks, lava towers, glaciers and more when you fly Kilimanjaro.

Our Partners

In-Flight Audio Guide

Free for all passengers

With our scenic flights, we have thought of it all, where you and every passenger receive an in-flight iPad with our built-in Ruka Tours app giving you a greater experience and our local knowledge of your sights and surroundings, in real-time, as we fly from dense tropical jungle terrain through to desert landscapes on top of the mountains. 

You can even download our app to your mobile for more convenience as we take flight.

Get The App

We would love to hear from you

Office address.

Ruka Africa Limited, Mega Complex, Bondeni St, Arusha 23100, Tanzania

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Kilimanjaro Scenic Flights

Experience the sights and scenery of Kilimanjaro like never before in 1hr.

Extraordinary Helicopter Tours and transfers where you can see safari’s from above.

Get in touch

We’re always here to help. Our friendly Customer Services team are on hand to answer all of your queries.

Subscribe to our Ruka newsletter

Get exclusive discounts, deals and promotions, including weekly stunning photo’s of Kilimanjaro and our helicopter safari tours of Tanzania.

About Ruka Africa

We are an innovative team of aviation and tourism professionals inspired to bring joy in the African Airspace and look forward to showing you the incredible sights of Kilimanjaro and Tanzania.

Ruka Africa Tours

• Kilimanjaro Flight Tour
• Helicopter Safari Tours
• Audio Tours & Ruka App
• Onboard WiFi
• About Ruka AFrica
• Partner with us
• Sustainability
• News & Events
• Terms and Conditions

Download Our Tour App

Download now to get a guided tour of Kilimanjaro on your phone.

© 2018-2023 Ruka Africa All rights reserved.

RUKA AFRICA LIMITED is a company registered in Tanzania.

Ruka Africa is not a direct air carrier and all flights are operated by TCAA licensed direct air carriers.

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South Africa Highlights with Greater Kruger Big Five Safari & Cape Winelands Tasting

Cape Town, Knysna, Hoedspruit, Johannesburg, Timbavati Game Reserve

Teeming with wildlife, striking landscapes and fascinating history, South Africa is a land of untamed, unmatched and unforgettable experiences. Discover its abundant glory on this unmissable small-group tour, taking you on a journey from Cape Town to Johannesburg. Follow South Africa's ultimate road trip, the picturesque Garden Route, and gain an in-depth insight into Johannesburg's apartheid history on a guided tour of Soweto. Settle in for safari splendour at Kapama Private Game Reserve, then search for the ‘Big Five’ African safari animals at Timbavati Private Nature Reserve in the Greater Kruger area. Travel into the beautiful hinterlands and sample the finest bottles of the Cape Winelands during a special tasting experience.

Admire the dramatic coast where two oceans meet, visit a working ostrich farm and follow your English-speaking guide as you descend into the cavernous Cango Caves. With internal flights from Knysna to Hoedspruit and Hoedspruit to Johannesburg included, reaching South Africa’s greatest sights is a walk in the (wildlife) park.

Hello, and welcome to captivating Cape Town! Surrounded by striking natural beauty, including the instantly recognisable Table Mountain, this harbour haven sits at the dramatic meeting point of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

Upon arrival at Cape Town International Airport (CPT), you’ll be met by your guide and transferred to your hotel for the rest of the day spent at leisure.

Meet your tour guide in the lobby and start your first morning with a whirlwind city tour. Learn about the legislative capital’s rich history, culture and architecture as you visit the 17th-century Castle of Good Hope and admire the Edwardian grandeur of Cape Town City Hall. Witness the Grand Parade, where Nelson Mandela addressed the nation following his 27 years in prison, then head to the impressive Saint George’s Cathedral, from which Archbishop Desmond Tutu led crucial anti-apartheid marches.

Stroll the tranquil Company’s Garden and marvel at the colourful houses and cobbled streets of Bo-Kaap, formerly known as the Malay Quarter, where a tumultuous history unfolded against the slopes of Table Mountain. From here, watch expert craftspeople as they cut diamonds and produce delicate jewellery, a practice linked to the country’s centuries-old diamond and gold trade.

For those seeking higher ground, you’ll have the option to take a panoramic cable car ride to the top of Table Mountain for stunning views of the city (weather-dependent). With its 360-degree rotating floor, the ride itself is a surefire showstopper. Upon your return to town, the rest of the afternoon is at your leisure to explore this fascinating city on your own.

Head for the southwest tip of the Cape Peninsula as you travel to Cape Point this morning. With its jaw-dropping, rugged coastline, the journey is a spectacular look at the steep mountains, secluded coves and sandy beaches that connect the numerous fishing villages along the way.

Driving along the alluring Atlantic coast, you’ll pass through the sophisticated suburbs of Sea Point and Camps Bay, at the foot of the looming Twelve Apostles mountain range. Continue to the fishing community of Hout Bay, where an optional boat trip to Seal Island gives you the chance to see the charismatic Cape fur seal.

Reach Cape Point Nature Reserve, where a vast world of indigenous flora and fauna comes vividly to life. Watch for baboons, springing grey rhebok, Cape Mountain zebra and the elusive eland. From avid birdwatchers to fans of trundling tortoises, this reserve has a true abundance of wildlife to see.

Following the rough ridge to its end, you’ll stand where two oceans meet. At the intersection of the Atlantic and Indian Ocean currents, the brisk ‘Cape Doctor’ wind waves its perpetual welcome.

Travel back along False Bay and through Simon’s Town, with the option to visit the penguin colony of Boulders Beach, then pass the maritime village of Fish Hoek. Take an optional walk around the serene Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, named the best botanical garden in Africa at the 2024 World Luxury Travel Awards.

Optional activities:

• Seal Island boat trip (from ZAR140 per adult).
• Boulders Beach penguin colony (from ZAR190 per adult).
• Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden (from ZAR220 per adult).

Set out to discover South Africa's fertile reaches today as you embark on a full-day Cape Winelands tour. Renowned for crisp white wines and French-style reds, the settlements of Paarl, Stellenbosch and Franschhoek are sure to captivate wine lovers and gourmands alike with award-winning restaurants, vineyard vistas and expert food and wine pairings.

Start your day in the beautiful valley of Paarl, the historic backdrop to President Mandela’s release from Groot Drakenstein Prison. Here, you’ll be transported to one of the local estates for a special wine tasting and tour of the cellar facilities.

From Paarl, travel northwest to the village of Franschhoek near the Drakenstein Mountains, founded almost 350 years ago by the Huguenots, a group of French Protestants who fled their homeland to escape religious persecution. These settlers helped establish the town’s reputable wine production – a history you can taste for yourself with another exclusive session at a local vineyard.

Finally, make your way to Stellenbosch, South Africa’s oldest colonial town after Cape Town. It was founded by Simon van der Stel, governor of the Dutch East India Company, after noting the fertilised soils were ideal for vine-growing. From 18th-century architecture to impressive old oak trees, your Stellenbosch wine tasting is an idyllic experience to end the day.

Later, return to Cape Town for an evening at leisure.

Today, you’ll transfer to picturesque Knysna, affectionately called the ‘Jewel of the Garden Route’, a stunning coastal stretch along which you’ll travel. Stop for lunch along the way and breathe in the crisp ocean air, then continue down the winding coastline. Upon arrival, check into your hotel and settle into scenic beauty, perhaps choosing to sample Knysna’s famous oysters for dinner.

Rise and shine for a day filled with nature’s curiosities. Set out for Oudtshoorn, regarded as the ‘ostrich capital of the world’. This Western Cape town is renowned for farming the world’s biggest bird, so get to know the feathered locals with a visit to a working ostrich farm. But first, delve into the famed Cango Caves, a network of ancient limestone chambers filled with dazzling dripstone formations of stalactites and stalagmites, before taking a trip to Cango Wildlife Ranch. Later, return to Knysna for a relaxing evening.

Rise to an energising breakfast before transferring to George Airport (GRJ) for your onward flight to Hoedspruit Airport (HDS) by way of O. R. Tambo International Airport (JNB) in Johannesburg. Once you’ve landed in Hoedspruit, you’ll be delivered to your river lodge at Kapama Private Game Reserve, situated in the Greater Kruger area, where a hearty dinner awaits.

Please note: Depending on arrival time, an afternoon game drive and lunch may be available in Kapama Private Game Reserve.

Today is dedicated to the ample wild wonders of Timbavati Private Nature Reserve. Join morning and afternoon game drives through this spectacular park, spread over 53,000 hectares of the Greater Kruger area. Thanks to its open borders with Kruger National Park, it provides an opportunity to spot the elusive ‘Big Five’. Keep your eyes open for rhinos, leopards, elephants and buffalos, as well as the reserve’s famous population of wild white lions. Travelling across beautifully preserved landscapes and witnessing these majestic creatures in the wild will give new meaning to the phrase ‘animal kingdom’.

Return to your elegant river lodge for a well-earned dinner and restful evening in your suite.

After a delicious breakfast, transfer back to Hoedspruit Airport (HDS) for your flight to O. R. Tambo International Airport (JNB) in Johannesburg. Johannesburg is a bustling metropolis with a vast and complex cultural heritage stretching back beyond its founding in 1886. Once you’ve landed, transfer to your hotel to check-in for a restful evening.

Please note: Depending on departure time, a morning game drive may be available in Kapama Private Game Reserve.

Uncover Johannesburg’s fascinating history today as you’re shown Soweto, an area that has evolved from one of forced habitation into an address of pride and social prestige. Visit Constitution Hill, a prison-turned-museum and the seat of the Constitutional Court of South Africa.

Experience a welcoming township with tremendous historical significance as you travel to the heart of Kliptown and arrive at Walter Sisulu Square, named for the prominent anti-apartheid activist. Here, the Kliptown Open Air Museum offers a glimpse at the path to freedom, from the Congress of the People in 1955 to the end of the apartheid system in the early 1990s.

Take a moment to reflect at the Hector Pieterson Memorial, a landmark commemorating the South African student's role in the struggle against apartheid. Look up at the colourful murals that wrap around the Soweto Towers, then visit Vilakazi Street, once home to both Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu, where a bustling street market welcomes you.

At the end of your sweeping South African adventure, you’ll enjoy one final breakfast before transferring to O.R. Tambo International Airport (JNB).

As any wildlife fan will know, the ‘Big Five’ African safari animals are top of the pack for bucket-list viewing. In the Greater Kruger area, the private nature reserve of Timbavati offers travellers a rare chance to spot them all, while avoiding the more crowded safari experience. Setting out from your Kapama lodge, you’ll enter the Timbavati reserve for a thrilling game drive through the stunning landscape. Keep your eyes peeled for the mesmerising zebra, thoughtful elephant, robust rhinoceros, muscular buffalo and proud lion. Beyond these elusive creatures, Timbavati is also home to an incredibly rare population of wild white lions. With any luck, you just might spot their snowy strut through the scenery.

• 10 nights of handpicked accommodation across South Africa
• Seek the ‘Big Five’ safari animals at Timbavati Private Nature Reserve
• Taste your way through the fine wines of the idyllic Cape Winelands
• Travel the picturesque coastline of the Garden Route to Knysna
• Uncover Cape Town’s complex history on a guided city tour
• Delve into the profound history of Soweto in Johannesburg
• Breathe in the breeze of two oceans on the dramatic Cape Peninsula
• Take a revolving cable car to panoramic views atop Table Mountain
• Visit a working ostrich farm and delve into the captivating Cango Caves
• Domestic flights from George (GRJ) to Hoedspruit (HDS) via Johannesburg (JNB), and Hoedspruit (HDS) to Johannesburg (JNB)
• 16 meals included – 10 breakfasts, four lunches and two dinners
• Air-conditioned transport throughout your journey
• English-speaking driver guide
• All entrance fees as per itinerary

Update 8 February 2024, 4.05pm AEDT: Table Mountain Cable Car annual maintenance period details added to Important Information.

Booking Summary: After you book, please follow the instructions in your booking summary email and ensure you complete your traveller information details in full.

• Luxury Escapes asks that you please complete your Traveller Details form within 7 days of booking. Following its completion, our Tours Concierge Team will be in touch to assist with any additional arrangements – including flights.
• Traveller Details are required in full to confirm all arrangements for your tour. Please complete the Traveller Details form as soon as possible in your ‘My Escapes’ account. Failure to complete the form within 90 days of departure may result in losing your spot on the tour.
• If your booking is on a non-guaranteed departure, this initial email is not your tour confirmation. Tours often require a minimum number of travellers to go ahead, so your departure may not be guaranteed immediately.
• Please note that for guaranteed departures, a minimum of two people are required to book. In the event that only one passenger has booked, you will be given the opportunity to move your departure to another date.
• Once there is an update on the status of your tour, you will be contacted via email by the Luxury Escapes’ Tours Concierge Team, and they will advise if the tour has been confirmed. Please do not book flights or make any non-flexible arrangements until you receive this update.
• Should you require assistance with your tour, please contact our Tours Concierge Team at [email protected], who will be happy to assist with any of your queries and who will support you right up until you return from your journey.
• For tours that allow children, the child must be 12 years or over and must share a room with an adult.
• Children are the same price as adults.

7-Day Change of ‘No Questions Asked’ Refund Guarantee:

• Things don’t always work out. Our 7-day Change of Mind Guarantee is there to help. Bookings (except for cruise bookings and flights which are subject to the cancellation terms of the relevant supplier) may be cancelled with a full refund if cancellation occurs strictly within 7 days from the date of purchase and provided that the cancellation is made no less than 120 days prior to the departure date.
• All booking Deposits are non-refundable.
• After final payment is received, bookings are non-refundable unless otherwise provided for in our refund policy. Cancellations outside of the 7-Day Change of Mind Guarantee period will not be provided, except as required by Australian Consumer Law, your local law or as otherwise provided for in the Fine Print.
• Where Luxury Escapes Tours may allow a cancellation for credit due to exceptional circumstances (and at its sole discretion) and where a cancellation/credit is not otherwise permitted, a service fee of A$300 per person will apply.
• For Trusted Partner operated tours, additional fees may apply.

Date Changes

• Any changes or cancellations made within the 7-day Change of Mind Guarantee, where applicable, will not incur any fees unless otherwise restricted to the product Fine Print. Booking changes may include, but are not limited to, name changes or name corrections.
• For date changes made after the 7-day Change of Mind Guarantee, the cost of your new tour must be of equal or greater value than your current tour.
• If the request is a change from a tour of higher value to a tour of lesser value, any difference in the tour prices will not be refunded.
• Changes are not permitted once the final payment has been collected.
• Date change conditions listed above do not apply to flights or pre- and post-tour accommodation booked with us. Flight fulfilment and changes are governed by the airline(s) selected at the time of booking. For your air travel, you are bound by the terms and conditions and fare rules of the selected airline(s). For pre- and post-tour accommodation, these reservations are not directly linked to your tour and may require a separate cost to change, as stated in your ‘My Escapes.’

Itinerary Amendments & Changes

• Occasionally our itineraries are updated prior to departure. This may be to accommodate changes in weather, public holidays, common seasonal changes to timetables and transport routes, and unforeseen circumstances.
• In the event of a change in itinerary (for safety reasons or due to events outside of our control) that results in cancellation or change fees in respect of flights (or other parts of your travel) we will notify you as soon as practicable.
• You will be responsible for any associated costs or will otherwise have the right to a refund (less any costs incurred or paid to third parties).
• After completing your booking, your tour cost may be subject to additional surcharges due to factors beyond the control of Luxury Escapes.
• Where the cost of delivering your selected tour materially increases between the time of purchase and delivery, we reserve the right to increase the balance due. Increases may be related to currency fluctuations, taxes, airfares, fuel surcharges, tour costs, or government changes due to health and safety restrictions. A material increase will be considered one in excess of 10% of the package price.

We reserve the right to modify prices for marketing and commercial reasons. Please note that full terms and conditions apply. Refer to website’s terms and conditions.

Accommodation for the duration of your tour is included in the Tour package.

• You can find relevant accommodation details for each day of the itinerary on the Tour offer page, or in your My Escapes.

Please note:

• Accommodation is subject to availability and may be substituted for a hotel of a similar or higher standard without notice.
• Rooms will be made available after 3pm on the day of arrival. Checkout is required by 10am. Early check-in and late checkout may be available upon request. Subject to availability. Additional fees may apply.
• Maximum room capacity (Twin Share) is two adults. Maximum room capacity (Solo) is one adult.
• All special requests, such as those regarding bedding preferences, are subject to availability and can only be confirmed upon check-in. Room assignments and bedding configurations may vary based on the destination and hotel policies, and are handled directly by the hotel staff.

Pre- & Post-Tour Accommodation Pre- and post-tour accommodation can be booked to extend your stay before or after your tour by contacting our Tours Concierge Team at [email protected] .

Luxury Escapes uses a range of accommodation partners. For pre- and post-tour accommodation options where we can offer the same hotel as the start and end of your tour, your pre- and post-tour accommodation will be booked independent of your tour. If the hotel for your tour changes, this will be independent of your pre- or post-tour accommodation booking. In this instance, change fees may apply on your pre- or post-tour accommodation, if you choose to change; change fees can be found in your ‘My Escapes.’

For pre- and post-tour accommodation bookings, you may be required to check out of your room and check in again on the first or last day of your tour. You will need to confirm these details directly with hotel.

Please contact the Tours Concierge Team at [email protected] for further information.

• Return international flights
• Single supplement
• Meals/drinks not stated in the itinerary
• Optional activities/tours, personal expenses/transfers not mentioned
• Travel insurance (required)
• Tips and gratuities
• Dining inclusions do not include drinks (unless otherwise stated). Menus are subject to change without notice.

Baggage Restrictions

• Passengers are permitted one piece of baggage with a maximum weight of 20kg on tour.
• Passengers are permitted one additional, smaller hand-piece of baggage with a maximum weight of 7kg on tour.
• Arrival and departure transfers are available on the first and last day of your tour only.
• If you have booked your pre- and post-tour accommodation through Luxury Escapes, transfers may be available for select tours (not available for Trusted Partner operated tours).
• If you have booked pre- or post-tour accommodation outside of Luxury Escapes, you will forfeit your complimentary airport transfers.
• Please note ‘Private Transfers’ refers to transfers that are exclusive for your tour group and may be shared among other members of your group if arriving on the same flight or another flight arriving within a 30-minute window.
• Flight information must be provided to Luxury Escapes 60 days prior to departure in order to book transfers. Please see Destination information for airport pick-up and drop-off information.

Please Note:

• For days with early start, breakfast may be a breakfast box.
• 9 August 2024
• 26 August 2024
• Optional activities are to be paid directly to Tour Operator at time of departure.
• The optional Seal Island boat trip is valid until 30 September.
• The optional Boulders Beach penguin colony visit is valid until 31 October.
• The Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden visit is valid until 31 March.

Travel Insurance

• Travel insurance is required on all our tours, which (at a minimum) covers medical expenses and repatriation. You may not be permitted to join the tour group if evidence of travel insurance is not provided prior to your trip. If you are unable to obtain travel insurance for whatever reason, you may be required to sign a waiver and/or provide a letter from a medical practitioner which confirms you are fit for travel. For any enquiries regarding travel insurance, please call 1300 88 99 00 or email  [email protected] .

Passports & Visas

• A visa may be required. It is the traveller’s responsibility to ensure they’re holding a current visa for the countries they’re visiting. If the traveller is on a non-Australian passport, a valid re-entry visa may be required.
• You are responsible for visas, entry, health and other requirements, and any documents required by laws, regulations, orders and/or requirements of countries visited. Luxury Escapes and/or its servants and agents are not responsible for passport and visa requirements or for any loss you sustain for failing to comply with laws, regulations, orders and/or requirements of countries visited.
• A valid passport with a minimum validity of 6 months beyond your return travel date is required for all passengers (including children and infants).

Traveller Details

• Traveller Details must be completed for each individual traveller. This information can be added directly to your ’My Escapes’ account.
• Travellers must advise of any medical conditions or dietary requirements. Failure to provide such information in advance of your tour may result in an inability to cater to your requirements.
• We work with exceptional local tour providers to present uniquely crafted packages that encompass sightseeing tours and excursions. Our tour provider partners are dedicated to making every effort to accommodate specific requirements. However, it should be noted that the extent to which they can address mobility and accessibility needs may vary, depending on the nature of the sightseeing tour and activities involved. Please contact [email protected] so we can advise whether your specific needs can be accommodated.
• Special dietary requirements can be catered for in most cases, however, on occasion this may not be possible due to location, lack of availability of unique ingredients, and other extenuating circumstances. It is always advised to carry any necessary supplies with you.
• Passport details are required for all bookings. In some cases, a digital copy of your passport may be requested by Luxury Escapes to book certain elements of your trip.
• If a photo of your passport is requested, failure to provide valid photo ID will result in your booking being cancelled and all monies paid remaining non-refundable. When requested, a digital copy of your passport must be provided for each guest at least 90 days prior to your tour departure.
• Should you require any assistance with your Traveller Details, please contact our Tours Concierge Team at [email protected] .
• Relaxed: Leisurely pace with limited walking or physical demands. Opportunity for ample free time and leisure activities. Suitable for individuals seeking a laidback experience.
• Moderate: Usually more than one day in a location. Balanced mix of exploration and physical engagement. Suitable for participants with a reasonable level of fitness. Exploring cities on foot, visiting landmarks and guided excursions. Requires a moderate level of stamina and physical activity.
• Active: Activities most days. Generally, not staying in a location for two days or more. Suitable for participants with high fitness levels and a sense of adventure.

Travel Styles

Fully Guided Tour: You'll have a tour director and driver with you throughout the entire trip, from start to finish.

Partially Guided Tour: You'll have a tour driver and local guides at specific locations or portions of the trip, but not the entire time. There might be different local guides for different regions.

Self-Guided Tour: You will not have a guide for your trip. You will be provided detailed trip notes with elements, such as accommodation and transport, pre-booked for you.

Health and Fitness Acknowledgement:

• Travellers acknowledge that they are required to have a good level of health and fitness to undertake the activities in this tour.
• There are limitations to the degree of accommodations that can be made if travellers are unable to partake in the included activities on this tour. Please consider suitability as additional costs could apply.
• Travellers also acknowledge and agree that neither we nor the tour provider will be able to provide medical or other assistance in the event that they are unable to complete any aspect of the tour as a result of their health or physical condition (nor are we liable for any loss, damage, expense, injury or death arising from such).

Your tour begins at Cape Town International Airport (CPT) and ends at O.R. Tambo International Airport (JNB) with roundtrip airport transfers.

Roundtrip flights are not included in your package and must be purchased separately. ** If your chosen tour departure date is guaranteed at the time of booking, you may be able to purchase flights immediately. If your tour departure date is not yet guaranteed (still pending minimum numbers), flights should not be booked until you receive an update on the status of your tour.**

Please book your flights to arrive at Cape Town International Airport (CPT) any time on Day 1 and depart O.R. Tambo International Airport (JNB) any time after 11am on Day 11.

Roundtrip airport transfers are included in your tour on the first and last day only.

Important:  Please allow for travelling time from international countries. International flights are not included in your package and must be purchased separately. It is your responsibility to make your own travel arrangements and ensure that you arrive at your starting location on your chosen tour start date.

A visa may be required for the destination you are visiting. It is each traveller's responsibility to ensure they are holding a current visa. Please take the time to visit our preferred vendor website, Visas Direct , to assist you with any visa application requirements and processes. If you require any supporting documentation when applying for your visa, please let us know and we will be more than happy to assist. Click here  to visit the website.

Need flights?  Our dedicated flights concierge can assist with all your flight requirements (subject to availability). Contact [email protected] .

Important Destination Information:

South Africa

Time zone: GMT+2

Telephone: +27

Currency: South African rand

Accessing money: ATMs are widely available with credit cards widely accepted within the city. Cash is advised when visiting rural areas. Travellers are advised to inform their bank of their travel plans.

Language: South Africa recognises 11 official languages, however, the most widely spoken are Afrikaans, English and Zulu

Climate: Varies by region. Winter falls between June and August, while summer is from December to February.

Dress code: Relaxed but respectful, especially when visiting religious institutions.

Explore the wonders of the African wilderness

Kenya tanzania safari.

Kenya Tanzania Safari Experts. Very few places in the world can compete with Africa’s stunning scenery, rich diversity of wildlife, and habitats. Its’ prolific nature is legendary; it’s no wonder it’s a top destination for wildlife photography and safari nature-focused travelers. Discover Kenya and Tanzania, Vibrant and pristine safari destinations. Rich in Wildlife, culture, and Traditions. – its verdant mountains as well as its scrubland plains.

Kenya Tanzania Uganda Rwanda Safaris

8 Days Special Kenya Tanzania Safari

9 Days Uganda Primates Photography

8 Days Wildebeest Migration Calving Safari Tanzania

12 Days Explore Best of Kenya Tanzania Safari

12 Days Kenya Bush Safari and Beach Holiday

4 Days Ruaha Fly In Safari Tanzania

3 Days Kenya Safari Masai Mara

7 Days Classic Kenya Tanzania Safari

6 Days Uganda Wildlife & Gorilla Photography

9 Days Discover Kenya Tanzania Safari

10 Days Kenya Migration Photography Safari

9 Days Scenic Kenya Tanzania Safari

Experience Kenya Tanzania Safari

There’s nothing like seeing the wild during the “green season,” when fresh rains bring new grass and animal life. Among the world’s epic wildlife events, few can match the Great Wildebeest Migration in Kenya and Tanzania. And for a Wildlife photography Safari in Africa, there is simply nothing like being in the midst of hundreds of thousands of wildebeest and zebra as they make their annual trek over the Serengeti and Masai Mara Plains in pursuit of new grass. To truly capture the wonder of the Wildebeest migration, We will facilitate you to witness and follow the Migration as they migrate between the Serengeti in Tanzania and the Masai Mara in Kenya.

Top African Experiences

Senior Travel

Africa Honeymoon

African Luxury Safari

Wildebeest Migration

Big 5 Safaris

Africa Safari & Beach Holidays

Discover more african adventures, wildebeest migration in kenya and tanzania.

The Wildebeest Migrate every year between  Serengeti in Tanzania  and  Masai Mara in Kenya . For most of the year, they graze in the southern-eastern part of the ecosystem. That coincides with the calving migration season. The wildebeest colonizes the southern Serengeti from November to May. Once depleted of the pastures, they trek northern towards the Northern Serengeti in Tanzania and the Masai Mara in Kenya. Join us on a Wildebeest Migration safari as we follow the herds.

Kenya Tanzania Safari Lodges & Camps

Clouds Mountain Gorilla Lodge

Lake Manyara Tree Lodge

Amboseli Serena Safari Lodge

Kibale Forest Camp

Usangu Expedition Camp

Serengeti Elewana Migration Camp

Explore a different way to travel.

At Features Africa Journeys, we are former wildlife safari guides and specialists in the African Wild Lands, ensuring you get up close and personal with wildlife. Majority of our safaris are tailored to your specific requirements – whether you are a family looking for adventure or honeymooners looking for some relaxation – we excel in specialized set departures. To have a chat with one of our specialists and for your ultimate wildlife holiday please click on the chat button.

Book With Confidence

Features Africa Journeys is a member of Tour Operators of Kenya. TOSK is one of the key tourism trade associations in Kenya, representing the interests of over 400 of the most experienced professional tour operators. As a member, our services have been checked and are bound by the Code of Conduct to provide the highest possible quality of service to their clients.

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Elektrostal, visit elektrostal, check elektrostal hotel availability, popular places to visit.

• Electrostal History and Art Museum

You can spend time exploring the galleries in Electrostal History and Art Museum in Elektrostal. Take in the museums while you're in the area.

• Cities near Elektrostal

• Places of interest
• Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center
• Central Museum of the Air Forces at Monino
• Peter the Great Military Academy
• History of Russian Scarfs and Shawls Museum
• Ramenskii History and Art Museum
• Bykovo Manor
• Pekhorka Park
• Balashikha Arena
• Malenky Puppet Theater
• Drama Theatre BOOM
• Balashikha Museum of History and Local Lore
• Pavlovsky Posad Museum of Art and History
• Saturn Stadium
• Church of Vladimir
• Likino Dulevo Museum of Local Lore
• Orekhovo Zuevsky City Exhibition Hall
• Noginsk Museum and Exhibition Center
• Fairy Tale Children's Model Puppet Theater
• Fifth House Gallery
• Malakhovka Museum of History and Culture

40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 01 Jun 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy , materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development .

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy , with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

The Unique Burial of a Child of Early Scythian Time at the Cemetery of Saryg-Bulun (Tuva)

<< Previous page

Pages:  379-406

In 1988, the Tuvan Archaeological Expedition (led by M. E. Kilunovskaya and V. A. Semenov) discovered a unique burial of the early Iron Age at Saryg-Bulun in Central Tuva. There are two burial mounds of the Aldy-Bel culture dated by 7th century BC. Within the barrows, which adjoined one another, forming a figure-of-eight, there were discovered 7 burials, from which a representative collection of artifacts was recovered. Burial 5 was the most unique, it was found in a coffin made of a larch trunk, with a tightly closed lid. Due to the preservative properties of larch and lack of air access, the coffin contained a well-preserved mummy of a child with an accompanying set of grave goods. The interred individual retained the skin on his face and had a leather headdress painted with red pigment and a coat, sewn from jerboa fur. The coat was belted with a leather belt with bronze ornaments and buckles. Besides that, a leather quiver with arrows with the shafts decorated with painted ornaments, fully preserved battle pick and a bow were buried in the coffin. Unexpectedly, the full-genomic analysis, showed that the individual was female. This fact opens a new aspect in the study of the social history of the Scythian society and perhaps brings us back to the myth of the Amazons, discussed by Herodotus. Of course, this discovery is unique in its preservation for the Scythian culture of Tuva and requires careful study and conservation.

Keywords: Tuva, Early Iron Age, early Scythian period, Aldy-Bel culture, barrow, burial in the coffin, mummy, full genome sequencing, aDNA

Information about authors: Marina Kilunovskaya (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir Semenov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Varvara Busova  (Moscow, Russian Federation).  (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Kharis Mustafin  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Technical Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Irina Alborova  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Biological Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Alina Matzvai  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected]

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