position sticky for safari

CSS position:sticky

Keeps elements positioned as "fixed" or "relative" depending on how it appears in the viewport. As a result the element is "stuck" when necessary while scrolling.

• 4 - 22 : Not supported
• 23 - 36 : Disabled by default
• 37 - 51 : Not supported
• 52 - 55 : Disabled by default
• 56 - 90 : Partial support
• 91 - 125 : Supported
• 126 : Supported
• 127 - 129 : Supported
• 12 - 15 : Not supported
• 16 - 18 : Partial support
• 79 - 90 : Partial support
• 91 - 124 : Supported
• 125 : Supported
• 3.1 - 6 : Not supported
• 6.1 - 7 : Partial support
• 7.1 - 12.1 : Supported
• 13 - 17.4 : Supported
• 17.5 : Supported
• 17.6 - TP : Supported
• 2 - 25 : Not supported
• 26 - 31 : Disabled by default
• 32 - 58 : Partial support
• 59 - 126 : Supported
• 127 : Supported
• 128 - 130 : Supported
• 9 - 38 : Not supported
• 39 - 41 : Disabled by default
• 42 - 77 : Partial support
• 78 - 109 : Supported
• 110 : Supported
• 5.5 - 10 : Not supported
• 11 : Not supported

Chrome for Android

Safari on ios.

• 3.2 - 5.1 : Not supported
• 6 - 7.1 : Partial support
• 8 - 12.5 : Supported
• 17.6 - 18.0 : Supported

Samsung Internet

• 4 - 5.4 : Not supported
• 6.2 - 24 : Supported
• 25 : Supported
• all : Not supported

Opera Mobile

• 10 - 12.1 : Not supported
• 80 : Supported

UC Browser for Android

• 15.5 : Supported

Android Browser

• 2.1 - 4.4.4 : Not supported

Firefox for Android

• 14.9 : Partial support

Baidu Browser

• 13.52 : Supported

KaiOS Browser

• 2.5 : Partial support
• 3 : Supported

Any ancestor between the sticky element and its user-scrollable container with overflow computed as anything but visible / clip will effectively prevent sticking behavior.

How to make position sticky work in Safari

TLDR; This is how to make position sticky work in Safari:

Make the sticky element a block and make a parent relative.

Here’s how to make position sticky work on Safari and Safari mobile

Follow this simple checklist:

• Add position : sticky to the element that’s going to be sticky.
• Add top: 100px to the sticky element. This is the offset top of whatever you need it to be.
• Add display: block to the sticky element. flex and grid should work, too. *This is where Safari trips up, as inline or inline-* will not work.*
• Add position: relative to the parent (or ancestor) element that’s the sticky element is to stay within.
• Enjoy sticky elements.

That’s it, but if you need more help, please get in touch.

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Why doesn't "position: sticky" work in Safari?

There's a CSS property called position: sticky that makes things stick to the top of the browser window (like a navbar) while scrolling. Using the Developer tools, it shows that "position: sticky" is invalid in Safari. This works fine in Chrome and Firefox, but for some reason not in Safari.

I have Safari 12.1.1 running on macOS Mojave 10.14.5.

I've also tried position: webkit-sticky but Safari also thinks that is an invalid CSS property.

iMac 27", macOS 10.14

Posted on Jun 21, 2019 11:43 AM

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• Web Development

How to Fix Issues With CSS Position Sticky Not Working?

• Daniyal Hamid
• 05 Feb, 2024

The CSS position: sticky may not work for a number of reasons. You can consider the following checklist to address potential issues:

• Check for Browser Compatibility ;
• Check if a Threshold Has Been Specified ;
• Check if Parent or Ancestor Element Has overflow Property Set ;
• Check if Sticky Has Enough Room to Scroll Within ;
• Check if the Sticky Element Stretches Inside a Flexbox ;
• Check for Overriding Rules .

Checking for Browser Compatibility

Check that the browser you're using supports position: sticky .

Known Issues

Missing vendor prefix for safari 13 and below.

In Safari 13 and below, a vendor prefix ( -webkit-sticky ) is required in addition to position: sticky :

Sticky Table Headers Issue

Firefox 58 & below, Chrome 63 & below and Safari 7 & below do not appear to support sticky table headers:

Check if a Threshold Has Been Specified

A sticky element requires a threshold to be specified for properties like top , right , bottom , and left . The threshold value that you set, will make the sticky element act as fixed positioned when it crosses the specified threshold, and a relatively positioned element otherwise. You can see in action in the following example:

Failure to set a threshold can make the sticky element behave similarly to relative positioning:

Therefore, you must set a value other than " auto " for at least one of, top , right , bottom , or left properties for position: sticky to work. For example:

Check if Parent or Ancestor Element Has overflow Property Set

If a parent or ancestor of the sticky element has overflow: hidden , overflow: scroll , or overflow: auto , the sticky might not work. You can see this issue in the following example:

To diagnose and fix this issue, you can do the following:

Find Parent or Ancestors With overflow Property Set

You can copy/paste the following snippet in your browser's web developer console to identify all parent/ancestor elements with overflow property set to something other than visible :

Add a height for the Overflowing Container

By specifying a height on the overflowing container(s) you identified in the previous step, you should be able to make position: sticky work without having to remove the overflow property from the container element.

Consider, for example, the following where setting the height on the overflowing element (e.g., " #parent ") fixes the issue:

For detailed explanation and examples, check out the post about fixing CSS position: sticky not working with overflow .

Checking if Sticky Has Enough Room to Scroll Within

If the sticky element does not have enough room to scroll within, it won't work. This could be the case when:

Sticky Element Has Same or Larger Height Than the Parent

This will make all children of " #parent " (including the sticky element) the same height , producing an output like the following:

Sticky Element Is Stretched to Same Height as Parent

This will make the sticky and the parent element the same height , producing an output like the following:

In these cases the sticky element ends up having no room for scrolling within its container. Therefore, to make the sticky work in these instances, you can make the height of the sticky smaller, or make the height of the parent larger. For example:

This will make the height of the sticky element smaller than its siblings, giving it room inside its container to stick within:

As a rule of thumb, the parent element should always have a larger height than the sticky element for it to work.

Checking if the Sticky Element Stretches Inside a Flexbox

If sticky element's parent is a flexbox, then you must make sure that it does not stretch to occupy the entire height of its container. Otherwise, it will leave no room for it to move within. This can be the case in the following scenarios:

Parent Has align-items: normal and Sticky Has align-self: auto

The flex parent and sticky element default to align-items: normal and align-self: auto respectively. So, when you implicitly or explicitly specify these values, position: sticky won't work:

Parent Has align-items: stretch and Sticky Has align-self: auto

When the flex parent explicitly has align-items: stretch and the sticky element implicitly or explicitly has align-self: auto set, position: sticky won't work:

When Sticky Has align-self: stretch

When the sticky element is has align-self: stretch set, it takes precedence over parent's align-items value, resulting in the sticky element being stretched to fill the container. This leaves no room for sticky to scroll within:

To fix all these issues, you can simply set the value of the align-self property of the sticky element to a value that does not make it stretch. For example, you could set align-self to flex-start , making the sticky element position at the start and not be stretched:

For detailed explanation and examples, check out the post about fixing CSS position: sticky not working in a flexbox .

Checking for Overriding Rules

You can make sure that the element you are applying the position: sticky property to is not being overridden by a more specific selector.

For example, consider the following HTML/CSS:

It could be the case, for example, that another CSS selector with higher specificity is overriding your selector and the CSS style rules on the element, such as the following:

To fix this, you can either remove the more specific selector , or make your selector more specific than the other one.

This post was published 26 Apr, 2020 (and was last revised 05 Feb, 2024 ) by Daniyal Hamid . Daniyal currently works as the Head of Engineering in Germany and has 20+ years of experience in software engineering, design and marketing. Please show your love and support by sharing this post .

If you've ever tried sticky positioning, then you have probably wondered why CSS position: sticky is not working for your web design. It's because an ancestor element has one of the following values for the overflow property: hidden , scroll , or auto .

That's disappointing, because you really needed that overflow-x: hidden on the <body> -tag or on any other wrapper, to prevent horizontal scrolling due to overflowing content..

How to make position: sticky work with an ancestor's or parent's overflow: hidden?

Some articles claim that the solution to this is to make sure that the ancestor or parent element has a specified height. However, that's not what you want to do (right?), because you don't want to set a fixed height on the sticky element's ancestor or parent element.

There is, however, a rather new value for the overflow -property - it's called: clip .

This new value completely solves this problem. Unfortunately, there is a but to this one.

Browser support for CSS declaration  overflow: clip

Let me tell you, at the time of writing this (October 2021), the support for this new CSS property is 73.09% globally. Which is not enough to implement this without a fallback.

Who are the evildoers, you ask me?

• Safari on iOS (13.83%)
• Safari (4.07%)
• Google Chrome versions 4 - 89 (3.1%)
• Samsung Internet versions 4 - 14.0 (1.14%)
• Internet Explorer (0.93%)
• Opera versions 10 - 75 (0.47%)
• Android Browser versions 2.1 - 4.4.4 (0.28%)
• Opera Mobile (0.01%)

Source:  https://caniuse.com/mdn-css_properties_overflow_clip

There is, however, another rather new CSS property: contain . If you use contain: paint , then all the descendants that overflow the container, will get clipped to the border-box.

Sadly, this CSS property is also not supported by Safari. It has been around in Google Chrome since version 52, though. So that's a slight improvement compared to overflow .

Also, contain is a CSS property that is used for improving performance, not necessarily for controlling overflow of content. It has no way to determine whether to clip on the x-axis or the y-axis, unlike you can with overflow-x and overflow-y with value clip .

If you are interested in improving the performance of your web design, consider reading a post about lazy-rendering using content-visibility: auto and contain-intrinsic-size .

Overflow: clip vs overflow: hidden

The clip value does the same as the hidden value, except for that it completely disables any form of scrolling. The hidden value only disables scrolling for the user, while keeping the option for programmatic scrolling, thus making it a scroll container.

Since it is now a scroll container, it needs a specified height in order for position: sticky to work. You did not specify a height to the scroll container, and why would you?

Mozilla Firefox versions 80 and lower have a non-standard name for value  clip , which perfectly describes what it actually does: -moz-hidden-unscrollable .

It hides the overflowing content, but does not turn the element into a scroll container.

So, the clip value does not make it a scroll container, so the window is still the scroll container. Your viewport, that is the default scroll container. It has a specified height too.

What am I supposed to do now?

If you really want position: sticky to work on all modern browsers, then you should consider not using overflow: hidden on the <body> or any wrapper surrounding the main content, but rather put a wrapper around elements that will overflow the viewport.

Then, those wrappers should use overflow: hidden . If those wrappers contain elements that use position: sticky , then I feel sorry for you; I guess it's time to wait for support.

Use overflow: hidden as a fallback for overflow: clip

If you do not feel like wrapping every single element that overflows the viewport, and you find it okay if sticky elements won't work on some specific modern browsers, then I suggest using hidden as a fallback for browsers that do not support overflow: clip .

Elements with position: sticky will, in this case, not work for browsers that do not support overflow: clip . If this is something that you prefer over manually wrapping all elements that overflow the viewport, then that is completely understandable.

If some sticky elements won't work on Safari for iOS (13.83%) then that's not that big of a deal, since it's uncommon to use sticky elements on mobile devices anyways (except for maybe the header). Of course, there are tablet devices that could use sticky elements at some places, but tablet devices are rarely used (2.52% as of September 2021).

So, we could add like 13.83% (Safari for iOS) to the 73.09% of global support to get a more likeable percentage of users who won't be affected by the lack of browser support for the new value clip for CSS property overflow : 86.92%. That's more like it!

Source:  https://gs.statcounter.com/platform-market-share/desktop-mobile-tablet

Luckily the global use of the desktop version of Safari is only 4.07%, so if a sticky element doesn't work on that browser, then that shouldn't be the end of the world.

Provide a prefixed version of sticky for older Safari browsers

It is necessary to provide a prefixed version of position: sticky for Safari browser versions 6.1 - 12.1 (0.2%) and Safari for iOS versions 6 - 12.5 (1.35%): -webkit-sticky .

CSS position: sticky not working; is it a big deal?

If CSS position: sticky  doesn't work on some browsers, does it hurt your web design's UX ?

Sticky elements are handy, sure, but is the element still usable on browsers that do not support position: sticky at all? It is often still usable, but if you use elements with position: absolute within them, then it's parent's position is no longer sticky , it's static .

This is far fetched, since you probably don't care about browsers that don't even support position: sticky ; browsers like Internet Explorer and very outdated modern browsers.

If you do care about those older browsers, then it's a good practice to provide position: relative as a fallback and apply properties  top , right , bottom , and left on the sticky element only if the browser supports either sticky or -webkit-sticky for  position .

Otherwise, if the element is relatively positioned instead of sticky, it will move because of the CSS properties  top , right , bottom , and left . This is an example:

Now, for browsers that do support position: sticky , but do not support overflow: clip , the sticky element will just not be sticky. So the web page should work just fine.

It's time to wrap it up. I hope I didn't overflow you with too much information. Do you want to learn more about unique CSS solutions every once in a while? Then do stick around!

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CSS position sticky not working: How to fix it?

The "CSS position not sticky not working" error is very frustrating for many, and we are here to tell you how to fix it and get rid of it forever. Especially if you are familiar with programming, you know all the troubles it causes but don't worry, after reading the guide, you won't ever need to deal with it again.

CSS is a programming language used to arrange the visual elements of a web page, including page layout, visual design, fonts, and colors. It is written in HTML or XHTML and can be written in separate files with the .css file extension. It can also be included in the HTML document using a <style> tag. You might see some applications using the language CSS to style their web pages or even interfaces. If you want to learn more about it, you can check Mozilla's guide .

CSS position: sticky determines a positioning value that enables an element to hold a fixed position when the user scrolls within the viewport. The CSS position sticky not working error is caused by a conflict that sticks the element to the top or bottom of the viewport while the user continues scrolling. Let's look at the ways to fix it!

How to fix the CSS position sticky not working error?

Problem-solving is one of the most developed attributes of programmers, as they encounter countless errors caused by multiple reasons. The CSS position sticky error is also one of them that different reasons can cause. Below you will find some solutions related to the mentioned causes.

Browser compatibility

Starting with the basics, you must work on a browser that allows the position: sticky command. We listed the supported browsers below, and if you are not working with one of them, you might want to change your browser.

• Google Chrome
• Mozilla Firefox

Specify a threshold

The second basic solution for the CSS position sticky error is to make sure that you are specifying a threshold. You must provide a threshold to make the element sticky. One of the following attributes below must have a different value than "auto":

Safari Vendor Prefix

Even though Safari is a supported browser that you could use, you must include a vendor prefix for the property value to support Safari versions under 13. Using Safari isn't the only solution to eliminate the CSS position sticky not working error, as you need to maintain a healthy and compatible environment for the process.

Ancestor Element

Another thing that you can check is whether an ancestor element has an overflow property set. If any overflow properties below are set on the element's ancestor, you will face the CSS position sticky not working error.

• overflow: hidden
• overflow: scroll
• overflow: auto

You can copy and paste the following code into your browser's web developer console:

let parent = document.querySelector(‘.sticky’).parentElement;

while (parent) {

const hasOverflow = getComputedStyle(parent).overflow;

if (hasOverflow !== ‘visible’) {

console.log(hasOverflow, parent);

parent = parent.parentElement;

Flexbox Parent Element

In some cases, the sticky element's parent is a flexbox, and there are two different solutions. The scenarios below could be the problem with your CSS position sticky not working problem; let's look at them separately.

• The sticky element has align-self: auto set.
• The sticky element has align-self: stretch set.

The sticky element has align-self: auto set

As a result, you would see the CSS position sticky not functioning problem since the align-self value would be equivalent to the align-items value of the parent. Therefore, the sticky element's height will expand to fill the entire space if the parent has align-items: stretch or align-items: standard set. This would prevent the sticky element from scrolling inside the parent.

The sticky element has align-self: stretch set

In this case, the sticky element would stretch to the parent's height, eliminating any scrollable area surrounding it.

The CSS position sticky not working error could be solved with any of the solutions above. Don't forget to try all!

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“Onur Demirkol’s guide on troubleshooting the ‘CSS position sticky not working’ error is a gem for web developers grappling with this issue. The article not only identifies the common causes but also provides clear and comprehensive solutions, showcasing Demirkol’s expertise in CSS problem-solving.

The breakdown of potential issues, such as browser compatibility and the importance of specifying a threshold, demonstrates a deep understanding of CSS intricacies. Demirkol’s inclusion of practical tips, like checking ancestor elements for overflow properties and addressing flexbox-related problems, adds a hands-on dimension to the troubleshooting process.

Demirkol’s writing style is accessible and engaging, making the technical details approachable for developers of varying expertise levels. The article not only serves as a quick reference for those facing the ‘CSS position sticky not working’ issue but also encourages a thorough exploration of potential solutions.

Overall, Onur Demirkol’s guide is a must-read for developers seeking clarity and effective remedies for this common CSS challenge. The step-by-step approach and attention to detail make it a valuable contribution to the web development community’s knowledge base.”

I have seen the browser Safari mentioned in the article and my father has remembered those times when Safari was available and maintained for Windows 7. It’s a pity that it’s not available for Windows 10/11 nowadays, it was a great browser in the past and it worked nice with CSS and so forth. Thanks for the article by the way.

/wrote using Firefox 103 and Ubuntu 22.04 from the forest at the mountain! :]

Where are you coming across the strangely coined “CSS position not sticky not working” error, its background story is not clearly explained within the article… Most people are not designing the web page or using a console.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a ‘style sheet language’; it is not a “programming language” – your article is inaccurate. See the following: https://www.w3.org/standards/webdesign/htmlcss#whatcss

(X)HTML is completely different (separate) to CSS; (X)HTML is a structural markup language (not a programming language): https://www.w3.org/standards/webdesign/htmlcss#whathtml

“[…] CSS is a programming language […]. It is written in HTML or XHTML and can be written in separate files with the .css file extension. …”

Onur, your second paragraph is mostly gibberish… you might want to consider rewriting that paragraph, so it doesn’t imply further “misleading information”. HTML documents may contain style sheet rules directly in them or they may import style sheets. You also probably mean ‘web author’ rather than “programmer” with regards to CSS layout.

It’s mostly it’s your terminology that is incorrect (or displaced) making the article very confusing to comprehend. You haven’t clearly explained about vendor prefixes or ‘CSS Flexible Box Layout model’ either ( https://www.w3.org/TR/css-flexbox-1/ ). It’s like you are missing out several important concepts within the article [https://caniuse.com/flexbox].

The position ‘property’ specifies the type of positioning method used for an element (static, relative, absolute, fixed, or sticky). The sticky is a ‘value’.

Aside: the link text “HTML” leading to [https://www.ghacks.net/2022/12/22/create-encrypted-messages-images-files-as-html-with-portable-secret/] is distracting, and completely irrelevant.

Martin, it’s mildly annoying your default CSS isn’t allowing semantic markup to display differently. For example, EM (Indicates emphasis) or STRONG (Indicates stronger emphasis). Typically, the former is rendered is as ‘italic’ and the latter ‘bold’ text in Visual Browsers.

I’m respected regarding my knowledge on semantic HTML markup, and have judged several such related competitions on SitePoint.

“Constructive feedback for Onur Demirkol and Martin Brinkmann: While the article on fixing the ‘CSS position sticky not working’ error attempts to address a common issue faced by web developers, there are some inaccuracies and lack of clarity that may confuse readers. The use of the term ‘CSS programming language’ is incorrect, as CSS is a style sheet language, not a programming language, as outlined by W3C standards.

Additionally, the background story of where users might encounter the problem is not sufficiently explained. It would be beneficial to provide context for a broader audience beyond web designers or those familiar with console usage.

Furthermore, the article mentions HTML and XHTML interchangeably, but it’s crucial to emphasize that they are separate entities – HTML being a structural markup language and CSS serving as a style sheet language.

There is room for improvement in explaining concepts like vendor prefixes and the ‘CSS Flexible Box Layout model’ for a more comprehensive understanding. Adding links to relevant resources, such as the W3C documentation or popular compatibility websites like Can I Use, would enhance the article’s educational value.

For Martin Brinkmann, addressing default CSS styles that impact the rendering of semantic HTML markup, like EM and STRONG, could contribute to a more visually appealing and semantically correct presentation.

Finally, consider exploring platforms like W3Schools( https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_css.asp ), JavaTpoint( https://www.javatpoint.com/html-css ), and IQRA Technology( https://iqratechnology.com/academy/html-training/html-css/ ) for additional insights and resources to enrich the content and provide a more accurate and well-rounded guide for readers interested in CSS troubleshooting.”

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Any overflow value other than visible and no height is the enemy of child elements with position: sticky; . It’s like that element is ready to stick when the parent scrolls, but it never does because the height is unconstrained. Adding a fixed height can solve the issue, but that’s not always desirable.

Dannie Vinther digs into a way of dealing with that. The end result is avoiding that situation all together by removing the element that wants to be sticky from the element that needs an overflow. But as soon as you do that, the elements no longer scroll together since they aren’t siblings. The use case here is a table with sticky headers on vertical scrolling and allowing for horizontal scrolling as well. Dannie uses a script to sync the scroll positions.

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The position CSS property sets how an element is positioned in a document. The top , right , bottom , and left properties determine the final location of positioned elements.

The element is positioned according to the Normal Flow of the document. The top , right , bottom , left , and z-index properties have no effect . This is the default value.

The element is positioned according to the normal flow of the document, and then offset relative to itself based on the values of top , right , bottom , and left . The offset does not affect the position of any other elements; thus, the space given for the element in the page layout is the same as if position were static .

This value creates a new stacking context when the value of z-index is not auto . Its effect on table-*-group , table-row , table-column , table-cell , and table-caption elements is undefined.

The element is removed from the normal document flow, and no space is created for the element in the page layout. The element is positioned relative to its closest positioned ancestor (if any) or to the initial containing block . Its final position is determined by the values of top , right , bottom , and left .

This value creates a new stacking context when the value of z-index is not auto . The margins of absolutely positioned boxes do not collapse with other margins.

The element is removed from the normal document flow, and no space is created for the element in the page layout. The element is positioned relative to its initial containing block , which is the viewport in the case of visual media. Its final position is determined by the values of top , right , bottom , and left .

This value always creates a new stacking context . In printed documents, the element is placed in the same position on every page .

The element is positioned according to the normal flow of the document, and then offset relative to its nearest scrolling ancestor and containing block (nearest block-level ancestor), including table-related elements, based on the values of top , right , bottom , and left . The offset does not affect the position of any other elements.

This value always creates a new stacking context . Note that a sticky element "sticks" to its nearest ancestor that has a "scrolling mechanism" (created when overflow is hidden , scroll , auto , or overlay ), even if that ancestor isn't the nearest actually scrolling ancestor.

Note: At least one inset property ( top , inset-block-start , right , inset-inline-end , etc.) needs to be set to a non- auto value for the axis on which the element needs to be made sticky. If both inset properties for an axis are set to auto , on that axis the sticky value will behave as relative .

Description

Types of positioning.

• A positioned element is an element whose computed position value is either relative , absolute , fixed , or sticky . (In other words, it's anything except static .)
• A relatively positioned element is an element whose computed position value is relative . The top and bottom properties specify the vertical offset from its normal position; the left and right properties specify the horizontal offset.
• An absolutely positioned element is an element whose computed position value is absolute or fixed . The top , right , bottom , and left properties specify offsets from the edges of the element's containing block . (The containing block is the ancestor relative to which the element is positioned.) If the element has margins, they are added to the offset. The element establishes a new block formatting context (BFC) for its contents.
• A stickily positioned element is an element whose computed position value is sticky . It's treated as relatively positioned until its containing block crosses a specified threshold (such as setting top to value other than auto) within its flow root (or the container it scrolls within), at which point it is treated as "stuck" until meeting the opposite edge of its containing block .

Most of the time, absolutely positioned elements that have height and width set to auto are sized so as to fit their contents. However, non- replaced , absolutely positioned elements can be made to fill the available vertical space by specifying both top and bottom and leaving height unspecified (that is, auto ). They can likewise be made to fill the available horizontal space by specifying both left and right and leaving width as auto .

Except for the case just described (of absolutely positioned elements filling the available space):

• If both top and bottom are specified (technically, not auto ), top wins.
• If both left and right are specified, left wins when direction is ltr (English, horizontal Japanese, etc.) and right wins when direction is rtl (Persian, Arabic, Hebrew, etc.).

Accessibility concerns

Ensure that elements positioned with an absolute or fixed value do not obscure other content when the page is zoomed to increase text size.

• MDN Understanding WCAG, Guideline 1.4 explanations
• Visual Presentation: Understanding SC 1.4.8 | Understanding WCAG 2.0

Performance & Accessibility

Scrolling elements containing fixed or sticky content can cause performance and accessibility issues. As a user scrolls, the browser must repaint the sticky or fixed content in a new location. Depending on the content needing to be repainted, the browser performance, and the device's processing speed, the browser may not be able to manage repaints at 60 fps, causing accessibility concerns for people with sensitivities and jank for everyone. One solution is to add will-change: transform to the positioned elements to render the element in its own layer, improving repaint speed and therefore improving performance and accessibility.

Formal definition

Formal syntax, relative positioning.

Relatively positioned elements are offset a given amount from their normal position within the document, but without the offset affecting other elements. In the example below, note how the other elements are placed as if "Two" were taking up the space of its normal location.

Absolute positioning

Elements that are relatively positioned remain in the normal flow of the document. In contrast, an element that is absolutely positioned is taken out of the flow; thus, other elements are positioned as if it did not exist. The absolutely positioned element is positioned relative to its nearest positioned ancestor (i.e., the nearest ancestor that is not static ). If a positioned ancestor doesn't exist, it is positioned relative to the ICB (initial containing block — see also the W3C definition ), which is the containing block of the document's root element.

Fixed positioning

Fixed positioning is similar to absolute positioning, with the exception that the element's containing block is the initial containing block established by the viewport , unless any ancestor has transform , perspective , or filter property set to something other than none (see CSS Transforms Spec ), which then causes that ancestor to take the place of the elements containing block . This can be used to create a "floating" element that stays in the same position regardless of scrolling. In the example below, box "One" is fixed at 80 pixels from the top of the page and 10 pixels from the left. Even after scrolling, it remains in the same place relative to the viewport. Also, when the will-change property is set to transform , a new containing block is established.

Sticky positioning

Sticky positioning can be thought of as a hybrid of relative and fixed positioning when its nearest scrolling ancestor is the viewport. A stickily positioned element is treated as relatively positioned until it crosses a specified threshold, at which point it is treated as fixed until it reaches the boundary of its parent. For example:

The above CSS rule would position the element with id one relatively until the viewport was scrolled such that the element would be less than 10 pixels from the top. Beyond that threshold, the element would be fixed to 10 pixels from the top.

A common use for sticky positioning is for the headings in an alphabetized list. The "B" heading will appear just below the items that begin with "A" until they are scrolled offscreen. Rather than sliding offscreen with the rest of the content, the "B" heading will then remain fixed to the top of the viewport until all the "B" items have scrolled offscreen, at which point it will be covered up by the "C" heading, and so on.

You must specify a threshold with at least one of top , right , bottom , or left for sticky positioning to behave as expected. Otherwise, it will be indistinguishable from relative positioning.

Specifications

Browser compatibility.

BCD tables only load in the browser with JavaScript enabled. Enable JavaScript to view data.

• Learn CSS: Positioning

How TO - Sticky Element

Learn how to create a sticky element with CSS.

Try it Yourself »

Note: This example does not work in Internet Explorer or Edge 15 and earlier versions.

Sticky Element

An element with position: sticky; is positioned based on the user's scroll position.

A sticky element toggles between relative and fixed , depending on the scroll position. It is positioned relative until a given offset position is met in the viewport - then it "sticks" in place (like position:fixed).

Note: Internet Explorer, Edge 15 and earlier versions do not support sticky positioning. Safari requires a -webkit- prefix (see example below). You must also specify at least one of top , right , bottom or left for sticky positioning to work.

To learn more about CSS positoning, read our CSS Position tutorial.

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position:sticky is back in Chrome

Four years ago Eric Bidelman created a rather awesome blog post about the fact that position: sticky landed in WebKit , which at the time was the engine that powered Chrome (as well as many other browsers including Safari). One year later, and much to the consternation of web developers we removed position:sticky from Chrome because "the current implementation isn't designed in a way that integrates well with the existing scrolling and compositing system".

We've always wanted to get it back in to Chrome as the bug stated, "Once we've got our scrolling and compositing house in order, we should return to position: sticky and implement the feature in a way that integrates well with the rest of the engine". The meta bug tracking the implementation has been worked on since 2013.

The great news is that as of Chrome 56 (currently beta as of December 2016, stable in Jan 2017) position: sticky is now back in Chrome.

What is position:sticky?

It's taken a little while to get here, so why am I excited about it?

position:sticky is a CSS positioning attribute that allows you to fix an element to the viewport (i.e, anchor it to the top of the screen) but only when its parent is visible in the viewport and it is within the threshold value. When it is not fixed to the viewport, the element will act like it is position: relative . It is a very nice and simple addition to the platform that removes the need to use JavaScript in an onscroll event handler just to lock an element to the top of the viewport.

This is what it looks like on my blog . It allows me to keep the current section's header at the top of the screen whilst you read my rather long and laborious articles :\

To implement this feature specify that the position attribute should have the value of sticky on the element that you want to be, er, stuck. Additionally, you can also add in the offset at where it needs to be stuck.

The previous example will fix the <h3> element at 10px from the top of the viewport. To fix it directly to the top of the viewport you would set the top attribute as top: 0px .

Support for this feature is pretty strong. It is available on Chrome (yay), Firefox and Safari. Here are more details about position:sticky :

• Specification

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License , and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License . For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies . Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2016-12-07 UTC.

CSS: Debugging Position Sticky Not Working

• May 13, 2023
• 15 Comments

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Table of Contents

In this tutorial you are going to learn how to troubleshoot position:sticky elements that just won't stick as they are expected to.

Why isn't position:sticky working?

The first step is to understand the issue. 90% of the time, position:sticky isn't working because an ancestor element is set to overflow: something other than 'visible' .

Sometimes, it's because the position:sticky element has the same height as its parent. More on this below.

Getting technical

If any parent element of a sticky element has its overflow property set to auto , scroll , or hidden, it establishes a new scrolling context .

In this context, the sticky element's sticky behaviour is restricted to the bounds of this parent element, the one with the scrolling context.

This is true even if that parent element with overflow:hidden (or the likes) does not have any scrolling at all! It's still a new scrolling context, and the position:sticky element will now rely on it rather than the viewport*  to try and 'stick'.

*Technically, the root element's own scrolling context. position:sticky is always relative to some scrolling context . The closest one, when going back up the DOM tree.

How to fix position:sticky not working?

To troubleshoot this, simply go into your page where you have a problem, and copy paste this code in the Devtools console (F12). Then press 'Enter'.

The code automatically looks for all elements on the page with position:sticky, and then goes up through their ancestors to see if any has overflow set to something other than visible.

That will return you a message like this:

Pointing you to the exact element(s) that have overflow set to something other than visible.

The actual fix

Now, to fix the issue, simply adjust your CSS so that these elements have the default overflow value of overflow:visible, instead of something like overflow-x:hidden;

Often, the culprit is CSS that looks like this:

You will want to delete that CSS for position:sticky to work on your page.

You can either delete the CSS you will find, or if you can't delete it (ie if it comes from a theme or plugin) you will need to override it:

And you will need to find another way to fix your horizontal scrolling issues , see that tutorial for help with that.

When the problem is the height of the position:sticky; element

If the above didn't fix your issue, then the problem might be that the position:sticky element is the exact same height as its parent element, so there is no 'room' for it to stay sticky in.

The whole point of position:sticky; is that the element becomes sticky in the 'available space' within its parent.

This issue is usually because the parent element is set to display:flex; , but isn't set to align-items:flex-start; . The default of "stretch" will be applied, and the sticky children element won't have any room to be 'sticky' in.

Fix: set the parent element to align-items:flex-start;

I hope you found this helpful!

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15 Responses

Thank you for your great work. I have a small issue, it doesn't work on Chrome, although it works on Chrome but only in private mode! and doesn't work on android in any mode, although it works on iPhone!

Sounds like some cache issue...

Do you get any message when you copy paste the code in the console, as in the tutorial?

What's the URL?

Thank you for taking the time to look at my problem.

I am not getting any message in the console. But! My bad... It works also in desktop Chrome, i was logged in my site and the bar of wordpress admin apparently has something to do with the height of the sticky tabs and they were going above the screen.

Hmm i need to check if that happens to users also.

About mobiles, In two different models iPhone works perfect in Safari and Edge but not in two different models of Android Brave, Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Samsung stock browser as i tried all those.

When you swipe down it seems that the sticky tabs go just above the screen because when you swipe down the sticky tabs are showing again as you go up.

P.S. you have a type error at this page in your code, html body { overflox-x: visible; }

at the overflow its overflox.

My site is https://thegreeks.com.au

Thank you again for your work and your time.

[...]because when you swipe down the sticky tabs are showing again as you go up

Okay, in this case, the bug is elsewhere... position:sticky; is working, and the information I present in this tutorial won't help you further.

I had a look and the issue is some kind of overflow on the page. You can scroll to the right.

Debugging further it looks like the problem is from the "Search our Classifieds" form. The "search" button overflows on the right, and creates the issue you are seeing with the sticky nav bar.

Fix this overflow and the issue should resolve.

Thanks for this! I fixed it.

Thank you Maxime,

Overflow of the classifieds did the trick!

I just set it to hidden at that section and its perfect now.

Maxime, out of curiosity, would it be possible for the sticky tabs to stick to the bottom part of the screen at mobile phones?

The reason for that is, with the screen size of new phones, it's quite an adventure for your thumb to stretch to the top of the screen to change tab 😀

For desktop is good with the mouse.

Yes, add this below the custom CSS you currently have to make the tabs title sticky:

Thank you for that but doesn't do anything! The tabs are still sticky to the top of the screen and not at the bottom.

Am I doing something wrong?

Kind Regards

Not certain... worked for me when I added it to the front end of your site in the devtools, where did you add it? Where are you looking? On a very old browser it won't work as it won't support the dvh unit, but that's unlikely the issue here...

I added to the themes customize css and i checked it at an android phone samsung galaxy note 20+ and an iPhone 12, both chrome and edge.

But is it directly below the other similar CSS you had already for that element, to make it sticky?

I added to themes Additional CSS like this:

html body { overflow-x:visible; }

@media (max-width: 767px) { .e-n-tabs-heading {   top: calc( 100dvh - 30px ); } }

You mean to add it to the original script that goes inside the page?

Yes, add it here: https://pasteboard.co/tldGTNdnu7a7.png

Now it's working perfectly.

Cheers Maxime!

Thank you so much for your time and effort.

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Position sticky in iOS Safari #1385

jshah4517 commented Feb 14, 2020

• 👍 2 reactions

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Discover a new dimension of note-taking with Vision Sticky Notes, the innovative app that brings your ideas to life in spatial computing. Effortlessly create and position sticky notes in your virtual space, making organization and visualization more intuitive than ever. Whether you're brainstorming, planning, or just jotting down quick reminders, Vision Sticky Notes transforms the way you capture and interact with your thoughts. Start experiencing the future of note-taking today!

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Inflation on services like insurance is sticky and a global problem — so I took matters into my own hands

Analysis Inflation on services like insurance is sticky and a global problem — so I took matters into my own hands

Bill shock — it's a well-known phenomenon in this cost-of-living crisis.

My turn came this week, via a car insurance bill.

The "total amount payable" rose 19.5 per cent to $1,042.85.

Incredulous, I called the insurance company.

After navigating a menu voiced by a computer for 5 minutes, I began speaking with a customer service officer located in the Philippines.

My question was simple: why had the cost of my car insurance spiked 19.5 per cent when nothing at my end had changed?

The company representative then explained to me why car insurance premiums, in general, rise.

But I wanted to know why my insurance policy had increased so significantly in price.

The employee eventually told me the price I was charged was automated or generated by a computer.

This, it seems, is standard practice.

What goes into the number

AMP's deputy chief economist, Diana Mousina, has been researching insurance premium pricing.

"Their computer-generated number reflects [a number of customer risks] that they've put into their own models," she said.

"Ultimately the insurers or the actuaries that are figuring out the premiums just put in place all the factors that go into premium pricing and all those risks."

A spokesperson from the Insurance Council of Australia told the ABC:

"When an insurer calculates a premium, it is likely to take a range of factors into account. These factors will change from person to person and from insurer to insurer."

Some of the factors, they said, are the type of cover, optional benefits, previous claims and incident history, whether the premium is paid annually, monthly or in instalments, government taxes and any state or territory duties or levies, the level of cover, the insurer's risk assessment and the level of excess.

To be fair, life has ups and downs, so it stands to reason that these factors have led to higher insurance premiums.

Indeed, AMP research shows insurance sector prices are up 16.4 per cent on average in the year to March, due to climate change and supply chain constraints — think about the difficulties for smash repairers sourcing parts for a car.

So a 19.5 per cent increase, while steep, is not extraordinary.

But, there's a problem

Nothing had changed at my end.

And that's precisely what I told the insurance company.

Once it was established nothing had changed in terms of my "risk", she told me she would "run some more numbers through the computer".

After a brief pause, she offered to lower the increase in my premium to 13 per cent — down from 19.5 per cent.

I accepted.

While satisfied I had saved some money by making a 15-minute phone call, it was unsettling to know the bill could be tweaked within minutes and seemingly without any approval process.

Was I overcharged to begin with?

Judo Bank senior economic adviser Warren Hogan thinks I might have been.

"Well they've set a price in the market … that's their prerogative," he said.

"The fact that they can bring it down — if that's widespread, to some extent you could argue that's price gouging."

Therein lies a fundamental economic problem of our time, with ripple effects across society.

Services inflation a 'bit of a mystery'

Services inflation, more broadly, is proving sticky.

We're talking about the costs of rent, education, health care and energy, as well as banking and financial services (including car insurance).

It's also a global phenomenon.

"For example, in Canada, core and headline inflation are below 3 per cent but services [inflation] is still above 4 per cent," Hogan said.

UK headline inflation has fallen to 2 per cent but services inflation specifically is still running close to 5 per cent.

It's why central banks have been so reluctant to cut interest rates.

The Bank of England, for example, this week decided against cutting interest rates despite headline inflation falling to the globally accepted target band of between 2 and 3 per cent.

Economists think elevated services inflation is largely related to higher labour costs, including wages and increased superannuation contributions.

But, Hogan concedes, higher services inflation is also a "little bit of a mystery".

Could consumers bring down inflation?

Price-gouging aside, could computers and artificial intelligence be responsible for spitting out generic, elevated price increases for consumers?

It's an entirely reasonable approach to company pricing — no-one would expect a firm to individually go through tens of thousands of bills to check their accuracy.

What if, say, 15 million Australians called their insurance providers and demanded a significant discount? Could that materially lower inflation to within the Reserve Bank's target band of between 2 and 3 per cent?

"Potentially," AMP's Diana Mousina said.

"I don't know if everyone would have the same experience.

"If they did, then I suppose they could."

Warren Hogan's confident it would materially bring down headline inflation.

"That's how markets work, right?

"The inflation's what's hurting you financially, the fact that you're spending more money on everything and you've got to now start looking for cutbacks.

"And so you're asking the question when someone puts the price up.

"That's the market working."

Reserve Bank governor Michele Bullock opened her Tuesday press conference by saying: "I think the truth is that we're at a really complex part of the cycle at the moment."

That's true for the RBA — inflationary pressures are proving stubborn, but the bank also does not want to push a fragile economy over the edge by hiking interest rates.

Are consumers themselves in a better position to battle on the front lines of inflation?

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