journey to the earth summary

CBSE Class 12 English Vistas - Journey to the End of the Earth Summary

Summary of journey to the end of the earth.

Journey to the End of the Earth, written by Tishani Doshi, talks about her experience on the Antarctic continent during a research programme that takes high school students to the icy continent to study and understand climate change. She takes off from Madras in a Russian research vessel named Akademik Shokalskiy. Reaching the world’s coldest, windiest and driest continent of the world – Antarctica – involved crossing nine time zones, six checkpoints, three bodies of water, and many ecospheres. Her first reaction on reaching the continent after travelling for 100 hours was relief. She was wonderstruck by its immensity and isolation. The idea of India being a part of Antarctica long back in the past seemed a bizarre thought. Students can read the summary of Journey to the End of the Earth given below for a detailed understanding of the chapter. Students can also visit BYJU’S CBSE Summary and CBSE Notes for more information and learning materials on CBSE Class 12 English syllabus.

CBSE Class 12 English Journey to the End of the Earth Summary

Part of history

The author talks about Gondwana – a giant amalgamated southern supercontinent that existed six hundred and fifty million years ago. It was centred roughly around present-day Antarctica. Humans had not arrived for quite a long time, and the climate was warmer. Gondwana thrived for 500 million years with a variety of flora and fauna. By the time of the advent of mammals, the landmass was forced to separate into smaller parts or countries.

This journey to Antarctica was an attempt to understand the formation of countries and find out about our origins. India had pushed northwards into Asia to form the Himalayas. South America had drifted towards North America to form the Drake passage, which created a cold circumpolar current to keep Antarctica frigid at the bottom of the world.

The author belonged to the Southern part of India – a sunny place where cold temperatures are rare occurrences. Spending two weeks in Antarctica was overall a chilling prospect for her. It contains ninety per cent of Earth’s ice volume and has no human markers like trees or billboards throughout the continent. One lost a sense of perspective or time here. Visible things ranged from the microscopic to the mighty, e.g., from midges and mites to whales. Days were of a duration of twenty-four hours and immersed in complete silence, disturbed occasionally by avalanches or calving ice sheets.

Human impact

The author says that humans have been on this planet for only 12,000 years and have managed to create havoc with their ambitious dreams of development. Rapid human population growth has made survival difficult for other species. Limitless burning of fossil fuels has increased the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Climate change is an important part of the environmental debate, and Antarctica is a crucial part of it because it holds half-million-year-old carbon records in its layers of ice.

The author was working on a programme named Students on Ice on the Shokalskiy. High school students were taken to Antarctica for educational purposes that would help them understand and respect the planet. The programme, headed by Geoff Green, had been operating for six years. He was tired of taking celebrities and rich curiosity-seekers to Antarctica who gave back to the world in a limited way. With Students on Ice, Geoff offered the future policy-makers a life-changing experience at an age when they were ready to absorb, learn and act.

The reason why the programme was so successful was that being near the South Pole always affected people in some way. We cannot observe environmental changes from the comfort of our homes. But when we see the glaciers retreat and the ice shelves collapse, we realise how serious the threat of global warming is. The simple ecosystem and lack of biodiversity in Antarctica make it easy for us to study how minor changes in environments can have big repercussions. For example, further depletion of the ozone layer could disturb the activities of phytoplankton, which can, in turn, affect the birds and marine animals of the region – finally affecting the global carbon cycle.

Walk on the ocean

While the author had a number of epiphanies during her Antarctic experience, the best one was when they were asked to walk on the ocean. The Shokalskiy was wedged into a thick white sheet of ice that prevented them from going further south. The captain decided to turn around and go back to the north. Before going, the participants of the programme were asked to climb down the gangplank and walk on the ocean. All 52 members spread out on the one-metre-thick ice pack. Crabeater seals were stretching and sunning themselves on ice floes nearby, just like stray dogs do under the shade of a banyan tree. The author found it to be a new revelation – everything connected.

The author reflected upon how our planet has been balanced beautifully. She wondered what would happen if Antarctica became a warm place. She wondered if we would meet the same fate as that of dinosaurs, mammoths and woolly rhinos. After meeting the optimistic teenagers on the programme, the author felt that a lot could happen in a million years, but a single day was capable of making drastic changes to the environment.

Conclusion of Journey to the End of the Earth

Summary of Journey to the End of the Earth depicts the gravity of climate change and its effects on our lives. Our comfortable lifestyles and easy accessibility of resources do not allow us to reflect upon the damage we are causing to our environment through our actions. The change in global climate is a cumulative effect, and we become blind to the changes owing to our commitment to rapid economic development. Because of the biodiversity around us in the habitable continents, the minute changes that lead to climate change are not easily noticeable as long as we are able to live comfortably. Antarctica, on the other hand, does not have a complex ecosystem, and a small change can trigger a major change in its landscape. This makes the continent a perfect place to learn about the catastrophic effects of climate change.

A detailed understanding of the story can help students critically analyse and appreciate the story. Students can refer to our website for further information and content related to the Class 12 English subject for better understanding and preparation for CBSE board exams. They can also access topics like grammar and writing in English.

Frequently asked Questions on CBSE Class 12 English Journey to the End of the Earth

What is the theme of the chapter ‘journey to the end of the earth’, why did geoff decide to include school students in students on ice, how is antarctica helpful in understanding climate change.

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• Journey to End of the Earth Summary

Summary of Journey to End of the Earth

Journey to End of the Earth Summary will help you learn all about this travelogue in detail. This travelogue is about the author’s experience when she goes on a journey to Antarctica. The author is Tishani Joshi. The journey to Antarctica commences on the Russian Vehicle. Geoff Green was leading it. Moreover, Geoff Green is the one who takes interest in taking students on educational trips. Through this, helps them discover the end of the Earth. Thus, over here, the author went to Antarctica for educational purpose as well as learns more about the place. This study tour turns out to be very insightful as students learn about the impact of global warming. Moreover, they also learn how a little step can impact the environment greatly. In addition, they also learn about the ice sheets of West Antarctica and if they will melt or not.

Journey to End of the Earth Summary in English

The story begins with the author on a journey in a Russian vessel. It was headed towards Antarctica. We learn that the author has travelled about 100 hours in a car, aeroplane as well as the ship. The main objective of this trip is to learn everything in detail about Antarctica. Further, we learn about her two-week stay there and what all is present there. The place stores 90% of the earth’s total ice volumes with no trees, buildings or anything. It has 24-hour austral summer light. Moreover, it is covered in silence.

This makes the author wonder about the time when India and Antarctica were the same landmass’s part. We learn about the existence of a southern supercontinent, Gondwana. It existed for six hundred and fifty million years ago.  We learn that the climate back then was much warmer and also sustained a huge variety of flora and fauna.

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All this was before the arrival of human beings. Moreover, for 500 million years, Gondwana flourished. Thus, after the extinction of dinosaurs, the landmass separated into countries, as we know today. Moreover, we also learn about the reality of climate change. Similarly, the author believes that to study the impact closely, one must make a visit to Antarctica.

After that, we learn about Antarctica’s ecosystem and how it lacks biodiversity. Moreover, it is the place to observe if you wish to see what consequences a little action can bring about in the environment. If the ozone layer keeps depleting at the present rate, it will impact the lives of the inhabitants of the area like the sea-animals and birds. Moreover, it will also impact the global carbon cycle.

We learn about the contributors to climate change, like the burning of fossil fuels and more. All this is damaging the quality of Antarctica and this may cause immense danger to human life. Moreover, we also learn about it through examples of phytoplankton. Finally, the story ends with the author observing some seals sunbathing on ice. It makes her wonder whether this beauty will be reserved for the years to come, or will the future be catastrophic.

Conclusion of Journey to End of the Earth

To sum up, Journey to End of the Earth summary, we learn in detail about climate change and how it is impacting our lives and of other living beings dangerously, it serves as a wakeup call to start working to make the planet a healthier place.

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9 responses to “The Enemy Summary Class 12 English”

The chapter The Enemy also serves to highlight the social boas and prejudices prevalent among nations. Comment.

The enemy was actually a human in the end. That’s what I found out from the story, 😑😂

Yes you are right Sadao.

But the white man belonged to the enemy. Master Sadao is not a true Japanese after all

It will be so helpful if I get a breef summary

Ant in the mountain

What a boring story

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• Journey To the End of The Earth Summary

About the Author of the Chapter

Tishani Doshi is a poet, journalist and dancer from India. She has published some books of poetry and fiction. She has been widely appreciated for her essays, poems and short stories. She has travelled a lot and her most exciting journey was to Antarctica.

The Journey to the end of the Earth from Vistas book for Class 12 is an enlightening account of the author’s visit to the coolest, windiest and driest continent in the world. Tishani Doshi holds the opinion that in order to understand the Earth’s present, past and future, one must go to Antarctica. The study of this region is useful to us because the world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica. She accompanied a team of students visiting the continent. She had a thrilling experience of the ice-mysteries of this ice-region.

Journey to the End of the Earth

Six years ago, Geoff Green, a Canadian, started the “Students on Ice” programme. Under this programme, high school students are taken on a trip to Antarctica and offer inspiring educational opportunities. This will encourage them in developing new awareness and respect for our planet. The programme has been a success because students can see the collapsing ice shelves and retreating glaciers with their own eyes. They realize the threat of global warming is real. 

Antarctica has a simple ecosystem. It lacks biodiversity. Hence, Antarctica is the perfect place to study how little changes in the environment can have big consequences. The author too got a chance to work in the coldest atmosphere of the Antarctic continent. 

The narrator of Journey to the end of the earth heads towards Antarctica aboard ‘Akademik Shokalskiy’, a Russian research vessel with a group of students. She commenced her journey 13.09 degrees north of the Equator in Madras. She crossed none time zones, six checkpoints, three oceans and many ecospheres to reach her destination. After travelling for a hundred hours, she finally reached the Antarctic continent. She felt relieved and wondered about the isolation of the continent and the historic time when India and Antarctica were a part of the same landmass. 

The narrator says that six hundred and fifty million years ago, Antarctica was a part of a giant amalgamated Southern supercontinent called Gondwana. There was no existence of humans on the planet at that time. The climate was warm then and there was a huge variety of flora and fauna. The supercontinent of Gondwana existed for 500 million years and then the landmass broke. With the extinction of dinosaurs, the landmass separated into different countries shaping into the globe that we know today. From the continent of Antarctica, we can get an understanding of the evolution of human existence on this planet and where the humans are heading now. It also enlightens about the significance of Cordilleran folds and pre-Cambrian granite shields; ozone and carbon.

The narrator stayed for two weeks in Antarctica, where 90% of the Earth’s total ice volumes are stored. Midges, mites, blue whales and limitless expanse of huge icebergs surrounded her with no existence of human life. The surreal twenty-four-hour summer lights and eerie silence often interrupted by the breaking sound of an iceberg was mind-boggling. 

The narrator says that human beings have been on Earth for about 12000 years. In this short span of time, humans have changed the face of the environment for worse. Humans have dominated the Earth by establishing cities and megacities, which have led to the encroachment of Mother Nature. The rapid increase in population has added to more distress.  Human beings are battling with each other for limited resources. The average global temperature is rising and the blanket of carbon dioxide around the world is increasing.

The narrator is alarmed by many unanswered questions about climate change like what if West Antarctic ice sheets melt entirely or if the Gulf Stream Ocean current will be disrupted or will the world come to end one day. Antarctica has a crucial role to play in this debate. The Earth’s present and future lie hidden in Antarctica. 

The main thing to understand is that small changes in the environment can cause significant impacts. Tiny phytoplankton in the water is food for sea animals and birds in the area. If the ozone layer gets thinner, it will affect these plants. This, in turn, will impact the lives of other beings in the region and even the global carbon cycle. The narrator had an unforgettable experience in Antarctica. At 65.55 degrees South of the Equator, they were asked to descend. Seeing crabeater seals on the outskirts was a breathtaking moment.

Tishani Doshi is overwhelmed with the beauty of balance in play on our planet. She has many questions in mind that are still unanswered but she is optimistic that next-generation children are full of idealism to save the Earth.

A Short Summary of the Chapter - A Journey to the End of the Earth

The story is based on a travelogue written by Tishani Doshi. The story is covered in the Class 12th book of "vistas". Tishani Doshi, the author, makes a tour to Antarctica which contains 90% of the total ice of the earth. She mentions that she travelled 100 hrs in order to reach Antarctica. The moment she got her feet on the landscape, she got a feeling of major relief as the journey was too long.

The narrator of Journey to the end of the earth heads towards Antarctica aboard ‘Akademik Shokalskiy’, a Russian research vessel with a group of students. She commenced her journey 13.09 degrees north of the Equator in Madras. She crossed none time zones, six checkpoints, three oceans and many ecospheres to reach her destination. After travelling for a hundred hours, she finally reached the Antarctic continent. She felt relieved and wondered about the isolation of the continent and the historic time when India and Antarctica were a part of the same landmass. The narrator says that six hundred and fifty million years ago, Antarctica was a part of a giant amalgamated Southern supercontinent called Gondwana. There was no existence of humans on the planet at that time. The climate was warm then and there was a huge variety of flora and fauna. The supercontinent of Gondwana existed for 500 million years and then the landmass broke. With the extinction of dinosaurs, the landmass separated into different countries shaping into the globe that we know today. 

From the continent of Antarctica, we can get an understanding of the evolution of human existence on this planet and where the humans are heading now. It also enlightens about the significance of Cordilleran folds and pre-Cambrian granite shields; ozone and carbon. The narrator stayed for two weeks in Antarctica, where 90% of the Earth’s total ice volumes are stored. Midges, mites, blue whales and a limitless expanse of huge icebergs surrounded her with no existence of human life. The surreal twenty-four-hour summer lights and eerie silence often interrupted by the breaking sound of an iceberg was mind-boggling. 

The narrator says that human beings have been on Earth for about 12000 years. In this short span of time, humans have changed the face of the environment for the worse. Humans have dominated the Earth by establishing cities and megacities, which have led to the encroachment of Mother Nature. The rapid increase in population has added to more distress.  Human beings are battling with each other for limited resources. The average global temperature is rising and the blanket of carbon dioxide around the world is increasing. The narrator is alarmed by many unanswered questions about climate change like what if West Antarctic ice sheets melt entirely or if the Gulf Stream Ocean current will be disrupted or will the world come to end one day. Antarctica has a crucial role to play in this debate. The Earth’s present and future lie hidden in Antarctica. 

The greater lesson to be learnt is that little changes in the environment can have big repercussions. The microscopic phytoplankton is nourishment for marine animals and birds in the region. The depletion in the ozone layer will affect the activities of these grasses. This will also affect the lives of the others in this region and the global carbon cycle. The narrator says that her experience at Antarctica was never-to-be-forgotten. At 65.55 degrees South of Equator, the narrator and the students were told to get down. It was a breathtaking experience to see crabeater seals sitting in the periphery. 

Tishani Doshi is overwhelmed with the beauty of balance in play on our planet. She has many questions in mind that are still unanswered but she is optimistic that next-generation children are full of idealism to save the Earth. The story revolves around the fact that biodiversity is hampered and how due to some small mistakes the ozone layer is depleted. The author of the trip was led by Geoff Green. They started the journey in a Russian vehicle. This was an educational trip with the help of this trip they were able to discover the end of the earth. Before humans arrived, Gondwana used to have larger biodiversity including flora and fauna. It used to flourish by that time. 

The story gives a broad description of Antarctica's ecosystem. The educational team explores the area, encountering sea animals and birds. They learn about the global carbon cycle and how small actions can lead to significant changes. The memorandum mentions contributors to climate change, such as burning fossil fuels. Antarctica experiences 24 hours of summer light and is quiet. The author reflects on a time when India and Antarctica were connected before dinosaurs went extinct. The story briefly explains ozone depletion and the lack of biodiversity, highlighting potential harm in the travelogue. It concludes with the author peacefully observing seals sunbathing on ice, questioning if the beauty of nature will be preserved or if the future will be catastrophic.

Significance of the Chapter - A Journey to the End of the Earth

The story depicts a huge change in climate with passing years. The place has lost a lot of flora and fauna. Moreover, for over 500 million years, Gondwana flourished. The extinction of the huge living beings, the dinosaurs, Antarctica and India got separated. This story is a brief encounter of everything that would happen and that happened. An overview of how it can affect mankind to a larger extent.

Themes Explored:

Friendship and Loyalty: Tenzing's commitment to fulfilling his promise to Captain Wangmo demonstrates the depth of friendship and loyalty.

Nature's Power: The story vividly portrays the awe-inspiring yet formidable power of nature, reflecting the resilience of the human spirit against its challenges.

Cultural Exploration: Through Tenzing's interactions with the locals, the narrative offers a glimpse into the rich cultural tapestry of Ladakh, emphasizing the importance of cultural understanding.

Self-Discovery: Tenzing's journey becomes a metaphor for self-discovery, as he learns more about himself and the world around him.

"Journey to the End of the Earth" is a poignant and evocative tale that transcends the physical boundaries of Antarctica to explore the depths of human emotion and connection. Tishani Doshi's narrative weaves together themes of exploration, self-discovery, and familial bonds, creating a story that resonates with readers on a profound level. Through the lens of this Antarctic adventure, the narrative encourages reflection on the complexities of relationships and the enduring spirit of human exploration.

FAQs on Journey To the End of The Earth Summary

1. What is the Significance of the Title ‘Journey to the End of The Earth’?

The title assumes significance as the author travels to Antarctica, which is the southernmost part of Earth and almost appears at the end of it. This chapter is a memoir of the author’s journey to Antarctica with high school students on board a Russian Vessel. The two poles North and South virtually signify two ends of the planet Earth. The journey takes the author across nine time zones, three water bodies, three ecosystems and six checkpoints, which implies that almost the whole of the planet has been travelled before one reaches to the end of it. As Antarctica is at one end of the planet, it is without human existence, there is no biodiversity, no sign of billboards or trees. It is a place far far away from the crowd noise and pollution. Thus, ‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ is an apt title.

2. How are Men Responsible for Creating a Negative Impact on Earth in a Short span of 12 Thousand Years?

In a short span of human history, man has managed to destroy nature and create villages, towns, cities and megacities. Rapid human population growth and limited resources exert pressure on land. Burning of fossil fuels has only helped in increasing the average global temperature. Melting of ice-caps, depletion of ozone layers and global warming are the real and immediate dangers for making but they have been created by mankind only.

3. What are Phytoplanktons? How are they Important for the Earth’s Survival?

Phytoplankton is a single-celled plant of the sea. These grasses of the sea feed the entire marine life of the Southern Ocean. These microorganisms require a low degree of temperature for their survival. Their existence is threatened due to the overheating and depletion of ozone layers. This chapter sends a message to the readers that humans need to take care of small things so that bigger issues will fall in place.

4. What was the Objective of the “Students on Ice Programme”?

The objective of this programme was to offer the future generation of policymakers a life-changing experience at an early age. At this age, the students were willing to learn and absorb the information and most importantly act towards it. Mr Geoff Green provided high school students with an opportunity to understand and develop a respect for our planet.

5. Why does the author say that a lot can happen in a million years but what a difference a day can make?

By the following lines, the author implies that a lot of changes have been established in the past millions of years and a lot of changes are going to come with the coming millions of years.  But in this long period of time, a small step of change per day can lead to a huge difference in the near future because the global climate is changing and depleting. The change can be good or bad. The situation will work accordingly. The changes will come over according to the situation.

6. What does the author mean by a journey to the end of the earth?

Journey to the end of the Earth is a travelogue. Along with other students, the author visited Antarctica. The author learnt that this is the only place in the world where the human population is never sustained. Except for the scientists, no human life exists on it., making it the "end of the earth". Moreover, for over half a million years the landmass holds the old carbon records embedded in its layer.

7. What was the first emotion of the narrator on facing Antarctica?

The landmarks of Antarctica were beautiful. The dazzling white and vast landscape holds the eyes. After such a long journey, the author was so relieved and pleased to set her foot on a landscape and a wonderful continent bestowed with beauty, named Antarctica. The sense of amazement was wonderful and the feeling of getting knowledge about the wondrous place was priceless.

8. Why is Antarctica a restricted place?

Antarctica is treated as a reserve. Moreover, it is considered a privilege and as well as a responsibility to its visitors to travel this wonderful landscape which is embedded with the most wondrous things present on earth. The Antarctic treaty protocol on environment protection has set some rules that every visitor has to follow as the continent is a natural reserve. It is considered as a jewel to the Earth that is still present and hence a restricted place and needs the permission of higher authorities to travel and overview it.

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Accessing material from Vedantu is extremely easy and student-friendly. Students have to simply visit the website of  Vedantu and create an account. Once you have created the account you can simply explore the subjects and chapters that you are looking for. Click on the download button available on the website on Vedantu to download the reading material in PDF format. You can also access all the resources by downloading the Vedantu app from the play store.

Journey to the End of the Earth | Summary and Analysis

Analysis of journey to the end of the earth by tishani doshi.

“Journey to the End of the Earth” is an account of Tishani Doshi’s visit to Antarctica, the coldest and most secluded continent in the world. She talks about her experiences there and expresses her views on the issues of climate change and global warming. For her, Antarctica is the link to our history which holds the answers to questions about where humans have actually come from and where we shall eventually head to. With its expansive white landscape and hardly any sign of vegetation or life, this continent is the most pristine place in the world since it is untouched by human civilization.

In this essay, Tishani Doshi also talks about the “Students on Ice” programme that has organised this excursion and how she was a part of the same. She believes that the youth has the power to both understand the problem posed by global warming as well as the ability to take preventive actions for the same. Enraptured by the unblemished beauty of Antarctica, she wonders how climate change will affect it and what will be the overall effect of the same on mankind. After spending time with the young participants of the programme, she is hopeful that they shall be able to make a difference and save the world from the otherwise impending doom.

Journey to the End of the Earth |  Summary and Analysis

This essay revolves around the most preserved place in the world, Antarctica, which is the sole unfragmented part of the Gondwana landmass from whose fragments the other continents and countries have emerged. Very few people in the world have had the chance to visit this place, the author being one of those privileged. She had a chance to work with the organisation “Students on Ice” which organises educational trips for students to various ends of the world in order to provide them the opportunity to develop a new insight towards our planet.

As a part of the programme in which the author was working, she had to travel across great distances, via many varying modes of transport, including a Russian research vessel- the Akademik Shokalskiy- before she was finally able to set foot on Antarctica. Upon reaching this continent, she was filled with a sense of relief since the harrowing journey had finally ended. This was followed by wonder and amazement at the vastness and isolation of Antarctica which was, not many centuries ago, the large landmass Gondwana from which the various other continents and countries, including India, were formed. As dinosaurs became extinct and mankind began to evolve, countries and civilisations started taking the shape and form by which we know them today.

So, in this regard, the continent of Antarctica is mankind’s sole link to the past, the present and the future. It holds underneath its surface the proofs of all that had happened over the course of the past millions of years, and the indicators of what might happen in the years to come.

Since the author hailed from India and was quite unused to living in such chilly conditions, the prospect of spending two weeks in Antarctica, a place that is absolutely devoid of all civilization, seemed very daunting. She says that as one sets foot in this continent, one loses all sense of perspective and time that governs the rest of the world. One can see creatures ranging from the microscopic midges and mites to the mighty blue whales. Huge icebergs, some of them being as big as countries, can also be seen. There is 24-hour sunlight and an all-pervading silence which is broken only by the sounds of the occasional avalanches or splitting ice-sheets. Such an environment forces one to look back to the earth’s history and find their place in it as well as think about the future that is to come, which the author believes is not good, especially for humans.

Human civilization has, within a very short span of time as measured on the geological clock, managed to exert its dominance on Nature through its increasing population and the creation of the structures of society such as cities and countries. As a result, the time has come when we have started battling with other species for the limited resources of the earth which has led to increased emissions of the greenhouse gases that causes global warming.

This increase in the average global temperature and the climate change that accompanies it has raised many environmental concerns, especially for Antarctica. This continent holds within its layers of ice half-million-year-old carbon records, the study of which can lead to discoveries about the Earth’s past, present and future. However, global warming has raised serious issues for Antarctica.

The “Students on Ice” programme for which the author was working, aims to inspire high school students to develop a greater understanding of the Earth and take actions towards its conservation. It provides these policy-makers of the future the opportunity to absorb, learn and act towards saving the world.

The programme has garnered immense success and one of the primary reasons behind this is that once one sees the impact of climate change on Antarctica, with polar ice-caps melting in front of their eyes, they realise the true extent of the threat posed by global warming. This continent with its simple ecosystem and lack of biodiversity shows the true picture of the huge repercussions of the little changes that occur in the environment. Through the example of phytoplankton, the author says that if we take care of the small things, the big things will automatically start falling in place.

Throughout her trip to Antarctica, the author had many such epiphanies caused by various incidents that happened during it, including walking on the ocean and experiencing its stark whiteness underneath which they saw the life that thrived therein. Such incidents made the author realise that everything on the earth is connected to one another.

Even after her trip ended she continued to wonder about the beauty of the balance that exists on our planet. She also thinks about what the future has in store for mankind, whether Antarctica would once again become warm or not and whether humans would exist to witness the same or not. However, even as she is sceptical about the future we are heading towards, she finds solace as she remembers the idealism of the children that accompanied her on this trip and holds the optimistic belief that a lot can happen over the course of time, with even a single day making a huge difference.

Journey to the End of the Earth | About the Author

Tishani Doshi is an Indian poet and journalist who won the Forward Prize in 2006 for her debut poetry book “Countries of the Body”. She has received great acclaim in the field of creative writing and is the recipient of several prestigious awards as well. Her publications include six books of poetry and fiction and her essays, poems and short stories have also been widely anthologized.

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Journey to The End of The Earth Summary in English by Tishani Doshi

Journey to The End of The Earth Summary in English and Hindi Pdf. Journey to The End of The Earth is written by Tishani Doshi.

Learncram.com has provided Journey to The End of The Earth extra questions and answers pdf, journey to the end of the earth theme, class 12 english journey to the end of the earth summary in hindi, journey to the end of the earth important question and answers, journey to the end of the earth lesson plan, journey to the end of the earth summary and important questions, journey to the end of the earth in english, journey to the end of the earth class 12 ncert solutions.

Students can also check the English Summary  to revise with them during exam preparation.

Journey to The End of The Earth by Tishani Doshi About the Poet

Tishani Doshi (9 December 1975) is an Indian poet, journalist and a dancer based in Chennai. Born in Madras, India, to a Welsh mother and Gujarati father, she graduated with a Master’s degree in Creative Writing from the Johns Hopkins University. She received Eric Gregory Award in 2001. Her first poetry collection Countries of the Body won the 2006 Forward Poetry Prize for the best first collection.

Her First novel The Pleasure Seekers was published by Bloomsbury in 2010 and was long-listed for the Orange Prize in 2011 and shortlisted for The Hindu Best Fiction Award in 2010. She works as a freelance writer and worked with choreographer Chandralekha. Her poetry collection Everything Begins Elsewhere was published by Copper Canyon Press in 2013. Her most recent book of poetry, Girls Are Coming Out Of the Woods, was published by HarperCollins India in 2017. She writes a blog titled ‘Hit or Miss’ on Cricinfo, a cricket related website.

Journey to The End of The Earth Theme

The lesson refers to the manner in which geological phenomena enable us to trace the history of mankind. It also tells us about the way in which landmasses and countries are formed. The writer emphasizes the impact of human endeavour to dominate nature. It should be realized that exploration of this landmass under the ice cap will certainly reveal valuable information on the theory of birth and evolution of our planet and its association with the solar system and the galactic evolution.

The challenge to the ecology of the world makes the Antarctica (with the simple eco-system and lack of biodiversity) a crucial place for study. The Students on Ice programme provides inspiring educational opportunities which help to foster an understanding and respect for our planet. The objective of taking children to Antarctica to teach them the importance of protecting the Earth’s environment is laudable.

Journey to The End of The Earth Summary in English

The writer was part of the Student’s on Ice expedition that was visiting Antarctica. The team crossed nine time zones, three bodies of water and as many ecospheres, aboard a ship, to reach the land of wonder. She was wonderstruck at its immensity, its isolation, its pristine beauty, and, above all, the fact that India and Antarctica once formed the same landmass.

A visit to the Antarctica around which Gondwana once existed, is like going back to the past. It is like revisiting history. In its layers of ice, it holds half a million-year-old carbon track records. It gives us an understanding of evolution and extinction, and ozone and carbon. Witnessing the geological phenomena, such as the drifting of land masses explains the formation of countries. It is easy to understand how the drift had created countries, pushing India northwards to jam against Asia while the folds formed the Himalayas, and how the Antarctica was isolated. There are visible signs of where humankind came from and clear indications of where it is headed. The Antarctica is inhabited by a variety of lifeforms—One can find midgets and mites to blue whales. Then, there are icebergs as big as countries. But there are no signs of human life, no trees, no billboards and no buildings.

Human civilizations have been around for barely a few seconds on the geological clock, yet they have created a ruckus by their various activities. Rapidly growing population and various thoughtless activities of humankind have engaged it in a battle with other species for limited resources. These climate changes may adversely affect man and lead to the end of the world.

Students on Ice expedition was initiated to sensitize the youngsters who still have the idealism to save the world. Actually seeing glaciers receding and ice shelves collapsing will make them understand that global warming is a real threat. It is difficult to imagine or be affected by the polar ice caps melting while sitting in our living rooms and so this visible life changing experience is important.

Their ship the Akademik Shokalskiy, got stuck in a thick white stretch of ice and so it had to be turned north. They were all instructed to climb down the gangplank and walk on the ice. The group of 52 had to walk on the one metre thick mass of whiteness below which was 180 metres of living, breathing water. They saw seals stretching and sunning like stray dogs on the streets. The writer thought how everything, though repeated by time zones and nautical miles, was linked to its characteristics.

Character Sketch of Tishani Doshi in Journey to The End of The Earth

Tishani Doshi: She has love for adventure and her participation in the programme Students on Ice is an active witness to her adventurous spirit. She has an eye for observation and a knack of giving minute details. Her knowledge of the geophysical world is commendable and her command of written English merits appreciation.

She gets overwhelmed by the beauty of balance in play on earth. Her two weeks stay has left an epiphanic effect on her and she carries back indelible memories of it.

Her first-hand knowledge of the Antarctic Circle, geology and ecology is very remarkable.

What is the message of Journey to the End of the Earth?

The lesson refers to the manner in which geological phenomena enable us to trace the history of mankind. It also tells us about the way in which landmasses and countries are formed. The writer emphasizes the impact of human endeavour to dominate nature.

What lesson is Learnt by the narrator in Journey to the End of the Earth?

The greater lesson to be learnt is little changes in the environment can have big repercussions. The microscopic phytoplankton is nourishment for marine animals and birds in the region. The depletion in the ozone layer will affect the activities of these grasses.

What is the significance of the title Journey to the End of the Earth long answer?

Tishani Doshi calls her trip to Antarctica a ‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ because she crosses nine time zones, six checkpoints, three water bodies and many ecospheres to reach there.

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Journey to the End of the Earth By Tishani Doshi  – Summary and Important Questions and Answers

Table of Contents

Journey to the End of the Earth By Tishani Doshi

Introduction

Tishani Doshi’s ‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ details her journey to the world’s coldest, driest, and windiest continent: Antarctica. Antarctica is a geological time capsule. Geoff Green’s ‘Students on Ice’ initiative transports high school students to the ends of the world. Doshi believes that Antarctica is the best site to visit in order to have a better understanding of the earth’s present, past, and future.

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Summary of the lesson

Beginning of Journey- The narrator joined the ‘Akademik Shokalskiy,’ a Russian research ship. It was on its way to Antarctica, the world’s coldest, driest, and windiest continent. His expedition began at Madras, 13.09 degrees north of the Equator (Chennai). He travelled across nine different time zones, six checkpoints, three bodies of water, and at least three ecospheres. To get there, he drove, flew, and sailed for more than 100 hours. Southern Supercontinent (Gondwana) – A large southern supercontinent called Gondwana existed six hundred and fifty million years ago. It was centred roughly on modern-day Antarctica. Humans had not yet arrived on the global stage. The climate was substantially warmer at the time. It was home to a wide range of plants and fauna. When the dinosaurs became extinct and the age of mammals began, the landmass was forced to divide into the countries that exist today.

The visit was intended to educate participants about Antarctica. It was to gain a better understanding of the Cordilleran folds and Precambrian granite shields; of ozone and carbon; and of evolution and extinction. Antarctica contains around 90% of the world’s total ice volume. As large as countries, icebergs are. In 24-hour austral summer light, the days go on indefinitely.

Human Impact- The most contentious argument of our time is whether or not the West Antarctic Ice Sheet will completely melt. Antarctica is the place (for us) to go if we want to study the Earth’s past, present, and future. Antarctica’s ecosystem is simple and devoid of biodiversity. It is the ideal location to examine how small changes in the environment can have significant consequences (results). Scientists warn that continued ozone depletion will have a detrimental effect on the region’s aquatic creatures and birds. Additionally, it will affect the global carbon cycle.

The burning of fossil fuels has contributed to the pollution of the atmosphere. It has resulted in the formation of a global carbon dioxide blanket. It is increasing the global temperature, as seen by the melting of icebergs in Antarctica. It demonstrates how minute changes in the atmosphere may have a profound effect. If global temperatures continue to rise, the human race may be endangered. “Students on ice” is a programme that provides an adequate chance for students to comprehend how global temperature can pose a serious threat to human existence. It instils in them new knowledge. According to Geoff Green, high school kids are the future policymakers. They can contribute to averting ecological disasters and mitigating the consequences of global warming.

Effect of Climatic Change-  The author uses an example to demonstrate how even minor changes in the atmosphere can be dangerous. Phytoplankton are microscopic single-celled plants. They provide sustenance for the entire Southern Ocean food chain. They utilise the energy of the sun to digest carbon and provide oxygen. Further ozone depletion may impair this function and, indirectly, the lives of all marine species. Walk on the Ocean- It was the most exhilarating experience of the trip. They walked on the ocean after climbing down the gangplank. There were 52 of them. They were walking on a meter-thick ice pack. There were 180 metres of living, breathing saltwater beneath the ice layer. Seals were basking in the sun on ice. The narrator was taken aback by the magnificence of the setting. He desired it would not become as heated as it once was millions of years ago. If this occurs, the consequences could be disastrous.

Important Questions and Answers 

Question. What is Antarctica?  Ans. Antarctica is the earth’s southernmost continent. It is the continent that is driest, coldest, and windiest. Question. What is ‘Students on ice?

Ans. Phytoplankton is a single-celled grass that feeds the entire southern ocean’s marine life. These microorganisms require a low degree of temperature for their survival. But due to the overheating and the depletion of ozone layers, their existence is threatened. The message for humans is to take care of the small things so that the bigger things will also fall in place. Question. How is Antarctica significant in climatic debates? Ans. Antarctica is a landmass covered with miles of ice, layered on top of each other. Each of those layers has millions of years’ worth of carbon records from species that have existed since the earth’s formation. While considering the earth’s future, these carbon records will shed light on the past and allow scientists to co-relate the past, present, and future. Question. How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind? Ans. Geological phenomena unquestionably aid in our understanding of human history. Gondwana, a massive southern supercontinent, existed 650 million years ago. The weather was much nicer. It was home to a diverse range of vegetation and fauna. For 500 million years, Gondwana prospered. Finally, it disintegrated into the separate countries that exist today. It was the time when dinosaurs were extinct and the age of mammals began.

Question. What are the indications for the future of humankind? Ans. The land is under strain due to rapid population increase and limited resources. The use of fossil fuels has only contributed to the rise in world average temperature. Melting ice caps, ozone layer degradation, and global warming are genuine and imminent threats to humanity. They will have an impact on the life of all of the region’s marine animals and birds.

Question. ‘The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica: How is the study of this region useful to us?                                  Ans. The study of Antarctica indicates that India and Antarctica were formerly part of a supercontinent known as Gondwana. This supercontinent first appeared 650 million years ago. Gondwana had a much warmer climate. It supported a wide range of plants and wildlife. Then, some 150 million years ago, dinosaurs became extinct. The age of mammals began. Gondwana was compelled to split intonations. The planet was shaped similarly to how we know it today. There was the formation of a cold circumpolar stream. It chilled Antarctica. As a result, we might claim that Antarctica has effectively trapped the world’s geological history.   Question. Why is Antarctica the place to go to, to understand the earth’s present, past and future?   

Answer Introduction : Antarctica is the sole region where we can study and scrutinise the Earth’s present, past, and future.

Reason : Visiting Antarctica allows you to be a part of the Earth’s past. We now know that approximately 650 million years ago, there was a massive supercontinent in the south. It was known as Gondwana. India and Antarctica were both parts of the same landmass known as Gondwana.

Things were really different back then. Humans had not yet landed on Earth. Antarctica had a significantly warmer climate. It was home to a diverse range of vegetation and fauna. Dinosaurs were wiped out. The age of mammals began. The landmass was forced to be divided into the countries that exist today.

Antarctica research also aids in our understanding of the planet’s present and future. Geological history is imprisoned. We can examine the Earth’s past in Antarctica. Approximately 90% of the world’s total ice is kept here. Antarctica has no trees, buildings, or other human settlements. Here, glaciers are melting and ice caps are melting. We can connect them to the effects of global warming. Antarctica also serves as a forewarning for the future. It predicts the end of the planet if the West Antarctica ice sheet completely melts and the Gulf Stream ocean current is disturbed. What will happen if global warming causes icebergs to melt all the time? It will have devastating consequences. The continued reduction (decadence) of the ozone layer will have a negative impact on sea animals, flora (plants and trees), and humans (undesirably). Conclusion : Except for Antarctica, there is no area on Earth where we can locate current, past, and future records. As a result, Antarctica is an ideal location for learning about the earth’s present, past, and future.

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JOURNEY TO THE END OF THE EARTH SUMMARY Class 12

Table of contents, journey to the end of the earth summary in short.

Summary of Journey to The End of The Earth –

The author embarks on a transformative journey to Antarctica aboard the Russian ship ‘Akademik Shokalski.’ This voyage covers vast distances, taking them from Madras to Antarctica through diverse landscapes and ecosystems, totaling 100 hours of travel by plane, ship, and car. Upon reaching Antarctica, the author is struck by its pristine beauty, with endless white landscapes and boundless blue skies. They reflect on the continent’s ancient history when it was part of Gondwana and how it became an ideal place to study Earth’s evolution.

The text touches on human impact on the planet, discussing climate change and the significance of Antarctica’s untouched carbon records. The “Students on Ice” program introduces young minds to the continent’s environmental wonders, hoping to inspire them to protect the planet.

Antarctica’s simplicity and fragility underscore the importance of preserving our environment. The narrative recalls a memorable moment when the ship got stuck near the Antarctic Circle, offering a unique perspective on this pristine world. Ultimately, the text ponders the consequences of a warmer Antarctica and suggests that the passion of young students might hold the key to saving our planet.

JOURNEY TO THE END OF THE EARTH SUMMARY IN HINDI

लेखिका रूसी जहाज ‘अकादमिक शोकाल्स्की’ पर सवार होकर अंटार्कटिका की परिवर्तनकारी यात्रा पर निकलती है। यह यात्रा विशाल दूरी तय करती है, जो उन्हें विभिन्न परिदृश्यों और पारिस्थितिक तंत्रों के माध्यम से मद्रास से अंटार्कटिका तक ले जाती है, जिसमें विमान, जहाज और कार द्वारा कुल 100 घंटे की यात्रा होती है। अंटार्कटिका पहुंचने पर, लेखिका इसकी प्राचीन सुंदरता, अंतहीन सफेद परिदृश्य और असीम नीले आकाश को देखकर चकित रह जाती  है। वह महाद्वीप के प्राचीन इतिहास पर विचार करती हैं जब यह गोंडवाना का हिस्सा था और कैसे यह पृथ्वी के विकास का अध्ययन करने के लिए एक आदर्श स्थान बन गया।

यह पाठ ग्रह पर मानव प्रभाव को छूता है, जलवायु परिवर्तन और अंटार्कटिका के अछूते कार्बन रिकॉर्ड के महत्व पर चर्चा करता है। “स्टूडेंट्स ऑन आइस” कार्यक्रम युवा दिमागों को महाद्वीप के पर्यावरणीय चमत्कारों से परिचित कराता है, जिससे उन्हें ग्रह की रक्षा करने के लिए प्रेरित किया जा सके।

अंटार्कटिका की सादगी और नाजुकता हमारे पर्यावरण के संरक्षण के महत्व को रेखांकित करती है। कहानी उस यादगार पल की याद दिलाती है जब जहाज अंटार्कटिक सर्कल के पास फंस गया था, जो इस प्राचीन दुनिया पर एक अनोखा दृष्टिकोण पेश करता है। अंततः, पाठ गर्म अंटार्कटिका के परिणामों पर विचार करता है और सुझाव देता है कि युवा छात्रों का जुनून हमारे ग्रह को बचाने की कुंजी हो सकता है।

JOURNEY TO THE END OF THE EARTH SUMMARY IN DETAIL

The author embarks on a journey to Antarctica aboard the Russian ship ‘Akademik Shokalski.’ This journey takes them from Madras (now Chennai) to Antarctica, crossing nine time zones, six checkpoints, three bodies of water, and various ecospheres. The travel involves 100 hours of combined transportation by plane, ship, and car. Upon arriving in Antarctica, the author is struck by the vast white landscape and expansive blue skies, feeling both relieved and awestruck by its immensity. They also express disbelief that Antarctica and India were once part of the same landmass.

The text delves into the history of Antarctica. Around 6.50 million years ago, a supercontinent called Gondwana existed, characterized by a warm climate and diverse flora and fauna, with no human presence. Gondwana thrived for 500 million years, but the dinosaurs eventually went extinct, giving rise to the age of mammals. Over time, this landmass fragmented into different countries. Antarctica became an ideal place to study evolution and extinction. Part of the landmass pushed northward, forming India and shaping the Himalayas, while South America drifted to join North America.

The author describes Antarctica as a frigid and desolate place located at the bottom of the globe. They find the abundance of snow uncomfortable, especially as a South Indian, and compare it to walking in a giant ping-pong ball. Antarctica is devoid of human markers like houses, buildings, or billboards, and its visual scale varies from small insects to massive whales and icebergs. There are 24 hours of daylight and complete silence, only interrupted by the falling of snow or ice.

The text also discusses the human impact on Earth. Human beings have been on Earth for only 12,000 years but have created villages, towns, and metropolises. The rapid increase in the human population and the continuous burning of fossil fuels have led to increased carbon dioxide levels, resulting in global climate change, which is a topic of debate. Questions arise about the potential melting of the Antarctic ice sheet and the consequences for the Gulf Stream Current.

Antarctica, in contrast, has never sustained a human population, making it an ideal place to study half-million-year-old carbon records untouched in layers of ice. It serves as a valuable location to investigate Earth’s past, present, and future.

Lastly, the text mentions the “Students on Ice” program, which aims to study Antarctica by taking school students on the Russian ship to the continent. The program aims to inspire students, enhance their understanding of the environment, and foster curiosity and respect for the planet.

In this part of the text, Geoff Green, a Canadian, used to take celebrities and wealthy individuals to Antarctica, but he now believes that students will have a more profound and life-changing experience because they are at an age where they can absorb, learn, and take action.

The success of the program is attributed to the fact that going near the South Pole has a significant impact on the students’ minds. They witness the collapsing of ice shelves firsthand, giving them a personal experience of the threats posed by global warming.

Antarctica’s simple ecosystem and lack of biodiversity make it a perfect place to study environmental changes. Even small changes in this environment can have far-reaching consequences. For instance, microscopic phytoplankton, crucial for the Southern Ocean’s food chain, can be affected by further depletion of the ozone layer, impacting marine animals, birds, and the global carbon cycle. This underscores the importance of caring for both small and large aspects of our environment.

One of the most memorable experiences occurred near the Antarctic Circle at 65.55 degrees south when a Russian ship got stuck between a peninsula and Tadpole Island. All 52 people on board, wearing special gear and goggles, were instructed to walk on the frozen ocean, which was over one meter thick and covered a saltwater expanse of more than 180 meters teeming with marine life. They encountered strange sights like seals sitting on floating ice, leaving a lasting impression on everyone’s minds.

In a nutshell, the author is overwhelmed by the beauty of the Earth’s delicate balance. They ponder the potential consequences if Antarctica were to become a warmer place, questioning whether it could lead to human extinction. The text suggests that it may be the idealistic nature of students that holds the potential to save the world from environmental challenges.

लेखिका एक रूसी जहाज ‘अकाडेमिक शोकाल्स्की’ पर सवार होकर अंटार्कटिका की यात्रा पर निकलती है। यह यात्रा उन्हें नौ समय क्षेत्रों, छह चौकियों, तीन जल निकायों और विभिन्न पारिस्थितिक क्षेत्रों को पार करते हुए मद्रास (अब चेन्नई) से अंटार्कटिका तक ले जाती है। यात्रा में विमान, जहाज और कार द्वारा 100 घंटे का संयुक्त परिवहन शामिल है। अंटार्कटिका पहुंचने पर, लेखिका विशाल सफेद परिदृश्य और विशाल नीले आकाश को देखकर आश्चर्यचकित हो जाती है, और इसकी विशालता से वह राहत और आश्चर्य दोनों महसूस करती  है। वह  इस बात पर भी अविश्वास व्यक्त करती हैं कि अंटार्कटिका और भारत कभी एक ही भूभाग का हिस्सा थे।

यह पाठ अंटार्कटिका के इतिहास पर प्रकाश डालता है। लगभग 6.50 मिलियन वर्ष पहले, गोंडवाना नामक एक महाद्वीप अस्तित्व में था, जिसमें गर्म जलवायु और विविध वनस्पतियों और जीवों की विशेषता थी, जिसमें कोई मानव उपस्थिति नहीं था। गोंडवाना 500 मिलियन वर्षों तक फलता-फूलता रहा, लेकिन अंततः डायनासोर विलुप्त हो गए, जिससे स्तनधारियों की उम्र बढ़ गई। समय के साथ यह भूभाग विभिन्न देशों में विखंडित हो गया। अंटार्कटिका विकास और विलुप्ति का अध्ययन करने के लिए एक आदर्श स्थान बन गया। भूभाग का एक भाग उत्तर की ओर बढ़ा, जिससे भारत का निर्माण हुआ और हिमालय को आकार मिला, जबकि दक्षिण अमेरिका खिसककर उत्तरी अमेरिका में शामिल हो गया।

लेखिका अंटार्कटिका को विश्व के निचले भाग में स्थित एक ठंडी और उजाड़ जगह के रूप में वर्णित करती है। उन्हें बर्फ की प्रचुरता असुविधाजनक लगती है, खासकर एक दक्षिण भारतीय के रूप में, और इसकी तुलना एक विशाल पिंग-पोंग बॉल में चलने से करती  हैं। अंटार्कटिका घरों, इमारतों या बिलबोर्ड जैसे मानव मार्करों से रहित है, और इसका दृश्य पैमाना छोटे कीड़ों से लेकर विशाल व्हेल और हिमखंडों तक भिन्न होता है। यहां 24 घंटे की दिन की रोशनी और पूर्ण शांति होती है, जो केवल बर्फ या बर्फ गिरने से बाधित होती है।

पाठ पृथ्वी पर मानव प्रभाव पर भी चर्चा करता है। मनुष्य केवल 12,000 वर्षों से पृथ्वी पर है, लेकिन उसने गाँव, कस्बे और महानगर बनाए हैं। मानव आबादी में तेजी से वृद्धि और जीवाश्म ईंधन के लगातार जलने से कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड के स्तर में वृद्धि हुई है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप वैश्विक जलवायु परिवर्तन हो रहा है, जो बहस का विषय है। अंटार्कटिक बर्फ की चादर के संभावित पिघलने और गल्फ स्ट्रीम करंट के परिणामों के बारे में प्रश्न उठते हैं।

इसके विपरीत, अंटार्कटिका में कभी भी मानव आबादी नहीं रही है, जिससे यह बर्फ की परतों में अछूते आधे मिलियन वर्ष पुराने कार्बन रिकॉर्ड का अध्ययन करने के लिए एक आदर्श स्थान बन गया है। यह पृथ्वी के अतीत, वर्तमान और भविष्य की जांच करने के लिए एक मूल्यवान स्थान के रूप में कार्य करता है।

अंत में, पाठ में “स्टूडेंट्स ऑन आइस” कार्यक्रम का उल्लेख है, जिसका उद्देश्य स्कूली छात्रों को रूसी जहाज पर महाद्वीप में ले जाकर अंटार्कटिका का अध्ययन करना है। कार्यक्रम का उद्देश्य छात्रों को प्रेरित करना, पर्यावरण के बारे में उनकी समझ को बढ़ाना और ग्रह के प्रति जिज्ञासा और सम्मान को बढ़ावा देना है।

पाठ के इस भाग में, ज्योफ ग्रीन, एक कनाडाई, मशहूर हस्तियों और धनी व्यक्तियों को अंटार्कटिका ले जाता था, लेकिन अब उसका मानना है कि छात्रों को अधिक गहरा और जीवन बदलने वाला अनुभव होगा क्योंकि वे उस उम्र में हैं जहाँ वे आत्मसात कर सकते हैं, सीखें, और कार्रवाई करें.

कार्यक्रम की सफलता का श्रेय इस तथ्य को दिया जाता है कि दक्षिणी ध्रुव के पास जाने से छात्रों के दिमाग पर महत्वपूर्ण प्रभाव पड़ता है। वे बर्फ की पट्टियों के ढहने को प्रत्यक्ष रूप से देखते हैं, जिससे उन्हें ग्लोबल वार्मिंग से उत्पन्न खतरों का व्यक्तिगत अनुभव मिलता है।

अंटार्कटिका का सरल पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र और जैव विविधता की कमी इसे पर्यावरणीय परिवर्तनों का अध्ययन करने के लिए एक आदर्श स्थान बनाती है। इस माहौल में छोटे-छोटे बदलावों के भी दूरगामी परिणाम हो सकते हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, दक्षिणी महासागर की खाद्य श्रृंखला के लिए महत्वपूर्ण सूक्ष्म फाइटोप्लांकटन, ओजोन परत के और अधिक क्षरण से प्रभावित हो सकता है, जिससे समुद्री जानवरों, पक्षियों और वैश्विक कार्बन चक्र पर असर पड़ सकता है। यह हमारे पर्यावरण के छोटे और बड़े दोनों पहलुओं की देखभाल के महत्व को रेखांकित करता है।

सबसे यादगार अनुभवों में से एक 65.55 डिग्री दक्षिण में अंटार्कटिक सर्कल के पास हुआ जब एक रूसी जहाज एक प्रायद्वीप और टैडपोल द्वीप के बीच फंस गया। जहाज पर सवार सभी 52 लोगों को, विशेष गियर और चश्मा पहनकर, जमे हुए समुद्र पर चलने का निर्देश दिया गया था, जो एक मीटर से अधिक मोटा था और समुद्री जीवन से भरपूर 180 मीटर से अधिक के खारे पानी के विस्तार को कवर करता था। उन्हें तैरती बर्फ पर बैठी सील जैसे अजीब दृश्यों का सामना करना पड़ा, जिसने सभी के मन पर एक अमिट छाप छोड़ी।

संक्षेप में, लेखिका पृथ्वी के नाजुक संतुलन की सुंदरता से अभिभूत है। वे अंटार्कटिका के अधिक गर्म स्थान बनने पर संभावित परिणामों पर विचार करती हैं, और सवाल करती हैं कि क्या इससे मानव विलुप्ति हो सकती है। पाठ से पता चलता है कि यह छात्रों का आदर्शवादी स्वभाव हो सकता है जो दुनिया को पर्यावरणीय चुनौतियों से बचाने की क्षमता रखता है।

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Journey to the End of the Earth Summary Class 12 Vistas English

Summary of journey to the end of the earth by tishani doshi class 12 english vistas.

Journey to the End of the Earth Summary in English

Summary of journey to the end of the earth in hindi.

कहानी रूसी पोत में यात्रा पर लेखक के साथ शुरू होती है। यह अंटार्कटिका की ओर जा रहा था। हम सीखते हैं कि लेखक ने एक कार, हवाई जहाज और साथ ही जहाज में लगभग 100 घंटे की यात्रा की है। इस यात्रा का मुख्य उद्देश्य अंटार्कटिका के बारे में विस्तार से सब कुछ सीखना है। इसके अलावा, हम उसके दो सप्ताह के प्रवास के बारे में सीखते हैं और सभी वहां मौजूद रहते हैं। यह स्थान पृथ्वी के कुल बर्फ संस्करणों का 90% है जिसमें कोई पेड़, भवन या कुछ भी नहीं है। इसमें 24 घंटे का ऑस्ट्रल समर लाइट है। इसके अलावा, यह मौन में शामिल है।

यह लेखक को उस समय के बारे में आश्चर्यचकित करता है जब भारत और अंटार्कटिका एक ही भूभाग का हिस्सा थे। हम एक दक्षिणी महामहिम गोंडवाना के अस्तित्व के बारे में सीखते हैं। यह छह सौ पचास करोड़ साल पहले अस्तित्व में था। हम सीखते हैं कि तब जलवायु बहुत गर्म थी और वनस्पतियों और जीवों की एक विशाल विविधता कायम थी।

यह सब इंसानों के आने से पहले था। इसके अलावा, 500 मिलियन वर्षों के लिए, गोंडवाना पनपा। इस प्रकार, डायनासोर के विलुप्त होने के बाद, भूमाफिया देशों में अलग हो गए, जैसा कि हम आज जानते हैं। इसके अलावा, हम जलवायु परिवर्तन की वास्तविकता के बारे में भी सीखते हैं। इसी तरह, लेखक का मानना ​​है कि प्रभाव का बारीकी से अध्ययन करने के लिए, अंटार्कटिका का दौरा करना चाहिए।

उसके बाद, हम अंटार्कटिका के पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र के बारे में सीखते हैं और इसमें जैव विविधता का अभाव है। इसके अलावा, यह निरीक्षण करने का स्थान है कि आप यह देखना चाहते हैं कि थोड़ी सी कार्रवाई पर्यावरण में क्या परिणाम ला सकती है। यदि ओजोन परत वर्तमान दर से घटती रहती है, तो यह समुद्री जानवरों और पक्षियों जैसे क्षेत्र के निवासियों के जीवन को प्रभावित करेगी। इसके अलावा, यह वैश्विक कार्बन चक्र को भी प्रभावित करेगा।

हम जलवायु परिवर्तन के योगदानकर्ताओं के बारे में सीखते हैं, जैसे कि जीवाश्म ईंधन का जलना और बहुत कुछ। यह सब अंटार्कटिका की गुणवत्ता को नुकसान पहुंचा रहा है और इससे मानव जीवन को भारी खतरा हो सकता है। इसके अलावा, हम इसके बारे में फाइटोप्लांकटन के उदाहरणों से भी सीखते हैं। अंत में, कहानी का अंत लेखक द्वारा बर्फ पर धूप सेंकने वाली कुछ मुहरों के अवलोकन से होता है। यह उसे आश्चर्यचकित करता है कि क्या यह सुंदरता आने वाले वर्षों के लिए आरक्षित होगी, या भविष्य में विनाशकारी होगा।

पृथ्वी के सारांश की यात्रा के अंत में, हम जलवायु परिवर्तन के बारे में विस्तार से सीखते हैं और यह हमारे जीवन और अन्य जीवित प्राणियों को कैसे खतरनाक रूप से प्रभावित कर रहा है, यह ग्रह को एक स्वस्थ स्थान बनाने के लिए काम करना शुरू करने के लिए एक वेकअप कॉल के रूप में कार्य करता है।

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Journey to the End of the Earth – Summary

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‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ by Tishani Doshi describes the journey from Madras (Chennai) to Antarctica with a group of high school students to study the conditions there. It is believed that man is responsible for global warming which is causing climatic changes. We hear that ice caps are melting and glaciers are receding. But we seldom realize the real impact of the rise in temperature. ‘Students on Ice’ is a programme headed by Canadian Geoff Green. Its aim is to provide young students and opportunity to see and understand the impact of global warming.

The author visited Antarctica on a Russian research ship called Akademik Shokalskiy. He started from Chennai. They had to cross nine time zones, six checkpoints, three water bodies and three ecospheres. The whole journey took him 100 hours. When he landed on the Antarctica, he was spellbound by its vastness, isolation and uninterrupted horizon. He wondered how there could have been a time when India and Antarctica were part of the same land mass — Gondwana.

About 650 million years ago, Gondwana was a super continent. It was warm and many species of flora and fauna prospered there. But there were no humans then. But around the time when dinosaurs were wiped out, Gondwana began to break up. India pushed against Asia and buckled its crust to form the Himalayas. South America drifted to join North America, opening up the Drake Passage. It created a cold current that went round the South Pole. It left the Antarctica cold and isolated.

The Antarctica a is now a part of that history. It helps us to understand where we came from and where we are going. It helps us to understand the significance of Cordilleran folds and pre-Cambrian granite shields. It helps us to understand about evolution and extinction. Antarctica has remained unspoiled by humans. Its ice-cores hold half-a-million-year old carbon record. It can help us to examine Earth’s past, present and future.

Antarctica is huge expanse of ice. It is all barren. There are no human markers. There are no trees, buildings or billboards. There are huge icebergs. There are blue whales. But there are very tiny things too. There are no mornings, noons, evenings and nights. It is a 24-hour day. There is silence everywhere. So you lose all earthly sense of time and space there.

Human civilisation is only 12000 years old. It is only a few seconds old on the geological clock. But during this short period, man has caused much confusion. He has built towns and cities. He has wiped out many other species to grab limited natural resources. By burning fossil fuels, man has created a blanket of carbon dioxide around the world. This is raising the global temperature.

This rise in temperature has caused climatic changes. It is the most hotly debated question. Many scientists foretell disaster.

Antarctica is the place to see the impact of these changes. Because it has a simple ecosystem, a little change in the environment can trigger a big effect. For example, take the microscopic phytoplankton. They are single celled plants. Through photosynthesis they assimilate carbon to form organic compounds. They sustain the entire food chain in the if oceans. They regulate the global carbon cycle. Any further depletion of ozone layer will cripple phytoplankton. f they did not function, the entire food chain and global carbon cycle would collapse.

‘Students on Ice’ is a programme headed by Canadian Geoff Green.’ He has chosen to take students to the end Students are young. They are ready to learn and act. They can actually see the effect of global warming. They see glaar ciers retreating and ice shelves collapsing. They cannot remain unaffected. They can see that the threat is real. They e the future policy-makers. They have idealism. They will act.

Just near the Antarctic Circle, the research ship Shokalskiy was caught between white stretches of ice. It could go no farther. So, the captain decided to turn round and go north. But before doing that he ordered everybody to climb down the gang plank and walk on the ocean. So, all the 52 of them walked on ice. Beneath the ice there was a living ocean. They saw seals sunning themselves on ice floes. They looked like stray dogs lying in the shade of a banyan tree.

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Journey to the Center of the Earth

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In May 1863, Axel lives in Hamburg, Germany with his uncle, Professor Otto Lidenbrock , who is an eccentric geologist. Lidenbrock shows Axel an old Icelandic book, and a piece of parchment falls out with a coded message written in runes. Lidenbrock becomes obsessed with deciphering the message until Axel stumbles upon the solution by chance. The message is from Arne Saknussemm , a 16th-century Icelandic alchemist, and describes how he traveled to the center of the earth.

Lidenbrock is eager to follow Saknussemm’s instructions to the center of the earth, but Axel has no desire to join his uncle on this dangerous adventure. Lidenbrock believes that the earth’s core is not a burning core of fusion, as is commonly accepted, and he hopes that this journey will prove his theory. Axel, though, does believe in a burning core, and he sees the journey as almost certainly fatal. However, he agrees to accompany his uncle when his fiancée, Gräuben , suggests that the expedition might help Axel grow more independent from his uncle.

Lidenbrock and Axel travel to Iceland, where Saknussemm’s instructions begin. They hire Hans Bjelke , an Icelandic eider-duck hunter, to guide them on the expedition. The three men then travel to the Icelandic volcano Snäffel. They travel down a volcanic chimney and enter a series of subterranean tunnels. Both Axel and Lidenbrock find evidence for their respective theories regarding the earth’s core.

Two days into the journey, Lidenbrock leads the men down the wrong path and refuses to admit his error. They run out of water, and on the way back along the path, Axel faints from dehydration. He begs Lidenbrock to call off the expedition, but Lidenbrock refuses. They continue walking and hear a subterranean spring in the walls. Hans breaks through the wall with a pickaxe, allowing them access to a spring they name the Hansbach in his honor. They follow the Hansbach further down into the earth. Axel loses his way and becomes separated from Hans and Lidenbrock for several days. By the time he reunites with them, Hans and Lidenbrock have discovered a massive underground cavern that contains a forest, ocean, and clouds. It is lit by a “continuous aurora borealis.”

Hans builds the men a raft, and they embark across the ocean. As they sail, they witness a plesiosaurus and an ichthyosaurus (prehistoric marine reptiles) fighting each other amid the waves. A few days into the journey, a hurricane destroys the raft and sends the men back to the shore they set off from. Along the coast, Lidenbrock and Axel discover a collection of fossilized dinosaur bones from the tertiary period, and they discover human bones among them. They continue walking and see a giant man herding a flock of mastodons and mammoths. Lidenbrock and Axel leave without disturbing the giant and find a tunnel marked with Arne Saknussemm’s initials. Axel is excited to find proof that they are on Saknussemm’s path, and he suggests blowing up the rocks that obstruct the tunnel. When they do, the sea rushes into the tunnel to fill the space, pulling the men and their raft down into a seemingly endless abyss. As they fall, the men lose their provisions, leaving them without food.

The raft falls into a waterspout that pushes it upwards. As the raft continues to rise, the men realize they are inside a volcanic chimney. The volcano expels them, and the men find themselves on Stromboli, a volcanic island off the coast of Sicily. After this adventure, Hans returns to Iceland, while Lidenbrock and Axel return to Germany. Lidenbrock achieves glory and esteem in the scientific community, while Axel happily marries Gräuben.

Journey to the Center of the Earth

By jules verne.

• Journey to the Center of the Earth Summary

Axel , the enthusiastic and excitable nephew of the illustrious professor and mineralogist Otto Lidenbrock , narrates the tale of the journey to the center of the Earth.

On May 24, 1863, Lidenbrock consults a recently-acquired runic manuscript of the 12th century and discovers an encrypted message from 16th-century Icelandic alchemist Arne Saknussemm . Lidenbrock is excited, and believes that Saknussemm wants to share a scientific discovery. The professor wants to decipher the message but has trouble doing so.

Luckily, Axel manages to decrypt the document. Arne Saknussemm reports that the traveler who climbs up on the crater of Snæfells volcano can get into the center of the Earth; he apparently undertook this journey himself. Axel knows that his uncle will want to make a similar attempt and decides not to tell him of the find, but eventually gives in. Lidenbrock immediately starts planning the journey and tells his nephew to come along as well. Axel is reluctant until his fiancée Grauben , his uncle’s ward, tells him that he ought to make the excursion.

Lidenbrock and Axel leave Hamburg and travel to Iceland. In Reykjavik they hire a guide named Hans , a placid and stoic man of large size. The three of them climb the volcano crater and find a slope downward. They manage to penetrate the depths of the Earth. When they reach a crossroads, Lidenbrock first chooses the wrong route; this initial path is a dead end and they are forced to turn back. Meanwhile, their supply of water runs out and it seems that the expedition is doomed to fail. Throughout this stage, Axel is exceedingly anxious and pessimistic. He is intrigued, though, that he and his fellow adventurers seem to be venturing back into the prehistoric past in terms of geology.

Hans leaves his companions to go in search of water. He finds a source that flows through the wall of a cliff and leads the others there. After Hans drills a hole in the wall, a small brook flows forth: this body of water is named after Hans.

At one point in the journey, Axel is separated from his uncle and guide; he despairs that he will die of hunger and thirst in the dark cavern. Thankfully, an auditory trick (much like the use of sound in cathedrals and caverns) allows them to reconnect.

The travelers soon come to the shore of a vast underground sea. There they see huge mushrooms, which are identified as the giant champignons. In addition, there are more forms of fungi and bizarre plants. The explorers know that they have to cross a sea and do so, but this sea is much larger than they expect. On their watery route, they see a battle between massive, ancient creatures—the ichthyosaur and plesiosaur.

As the journey continues, the weather shifts and a massive storm begins. The adventurers are tossed about on the waves; thunder and lightning sound and spark all around. An electric ball alights on the explorers' raft and flames burst out. They only survive by lashing themselves down. Finally the storm quiets and deposits Axel and the others on the other side of the sea. It is not long, though, before the compass reveals that they actually ended up on the same side from whence they began. Lidenbrock is at first enraged, but then cheerfully decides to plow onward. Axel is consistently amazed at his uncle’s stubbornness and pluck, and wishes that they could just go home.

Before leaving, though, the adventurers explore this other part of the shore and discover incredible fossilized specimens from the earliest days of planetary life. They even find entire preserved human bodies. When they wander into a Tertiary-period forest of incredible foliage, they catch sight of mastodons and a twelve-foot man. Not wanting to be detected, Axel and his companions flee quickly. They also discover a rusted knife and markings on a rock; Saknussemm was there and had found the route to the center. It is a twist of fate that the storm actually brought the expedition back to where it needed to be.

Axel and his companions continue along Saknussemm’s path, but are stopped by a huge boulder that must have lodged in the passageway sometime between his journey and their own. Now flush with zeal for the journey, Axel suggests using firepower to blow an opening. The explorers set this plan in motion and wait on their raft.

After the explosion occurs, Axel, his uncle, and Hans realize that they've created a disruption. The entire sea goes rushing through the aperture and the three men are carried wildly along on the waves. This experience is terrifying; they almost perish. After a time, they realize that they are moving vertically up the shaft of the mountain. The heat grows and the walls crumble around them. Lidenbrock is not frightened and knows that this eruption is what will take them up to the surface of the Earth.

The raft tumbles out of the volcano of Etna in Stromboli, a site in the middle of the Mediterranean. Mercifully, all three men survive and find themselves in a lush, green environment. They eat fruit and drink from a stream. Stromboli fisherman assume that the subterranean explorers have survived a shipwreck and help them get home.

After his safe return, Lidenbrock becomes famous and renowned for his narrative and for lectures on his journeys.

Journey to the Center of the Earth Questions and Answers

The Question and Answer section for Journey to the Center of the Earth is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel.

trevor and his brother researched the possiblity of volcanic tubes passing thorugh what layer of the earth

Volcanic tubes going toward the center of the Earth.

Trevor and his brother researched the possibility of volcanic tubes passing through what layer of the Earth?

Is this a question or a statement?

What were the objections that Axel raised against the document of Arne Saknusemm? How did his uncle reply?

• Axel tried to convince his uncle that the document was likely a forgery or joke.

• Axel argued that no tunnel would be able reach the center of the earth without being crushed.

Please post your questions separately.

Study Guide for Journey to the Center of the Earth

Journey to the Center of the Earth study guide contains a biography of Jules Verne, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.

• About Journey to the Center of the Earth
• Character List

Lesson Plan for Journey to the Center of the Earth

• About the Author
• Study Objectives
• Common Core Standards
• Introduction to Journey to the Center of the Earth
• Relationship to Other Books
• Bringing in Technology
• Notes to the Teacher
• Related Links
• Journey to the Center of the Earth Bibliography

Wikipedia Entries for Journey to the Center of the Earth

• Introduction
• Main characters
• Publication notes
• Adaptations

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Journey to the end of the Earth Summary, Theme, Explanation Questions Answers class 12

Table of Contents

Journey to the End of the Earth Summary, explanation, and question answers for Chapter 3, “Journey to the End of the Earth” from the CBSE Class 12 English Vistas book

Explore the content of Lesson 3, “ Journey to the End of the Earth ,” from the CBSE Class 12 English Vistas book. The comprehensive package includes a summary, detailed explanations of the lesson, elucidation of challenging vocabulary, and a subsequent summary of the entire lesson. Additionally, the material encompasses all exercises and questions related to “Journey to the End of the Earth” found at the end of the lesson.

Journey to the end of the Earth Class 12 Vistas by – Tishani Doshi

What is Travelogue ?

A travelogue is a narrative or account of a person’s journey or experiences during their travels. It often includes details about the places visited, the people encountered, and the observations made along the way. Travelogues can take various forms, including written narratives, books, blogs, or even multimedia presentations, and they aim to share the traveller’s perspective and insights about different locations and cultures.

Journey to the End of the Earth Theme

Journey to the end of the Earth  is about the author Tishani Doshi’s journey to Antarctica. The theme of the chapter revolves around exploration, the beauty of nature, and the impact of human activities on the environment. Doshi reflects on the pristine and fragile ecosystem of Antarctica, drawing attention to the need for conservation and environmental awareness. The chapter explores the idea of the journey as both a physical expedition and a metaphor for self-discovery and understanding our connection to the planet.

Journey to the end of the Earth Summary

Earlier this year, I was on a Russian research ship called the Akademik Shokalskiy, heading to Antarctica. My trip started in Madras, 13.09 degrees north of the Equator. During the journey, we crossed nine time zones, went through six checkpoints, crossed three bodies of water, and passed through various ecosystems.

When I finally stepped onto Antarctica, I had been traveling for more than 100 hours by car, airplane, and ship. So, my first feeling when I saw Antarctica’s huge white land and endless blue sky was relief. After that, I felt an immediate and deep sense of wonder. I was amazed by how vast and isolated Antarctica is. I couldn’t believe that there was a time when India and Antarctica were connected as part of the same land.

A very long time ago, about 650 million years back, there was a big combined southern supercontinent called Gondwana. It was mostly centered around what’s now Antarctica. Back then, things were really different. Humans didn’t exist yet, and the weather was much warmer, with lots of different plants and animals. Gondwana lasted for about 500 million years. But later, around the time when the dinosaurs disappeared, and the age of mammals started, this landmass broke apart into different countries, shaping the Earth like we see it today.

Part Of History –

Going to Antarctica now means being a part of its history and understanding where we’ve come from and where we might be going. It’s about getting why things like Cordilleran folds and pre-Cambrian granite shields, ozone, carbon, evolution, and extinction are important. When you think about all that can happen in a million years, it can be pretty mind-boggling. Just imagine: India moving north and pushing against Asia to make the Himalayas, or South America drifting away to join North America. This created the Drake Passage, making a cold current that keeps Antarctica icy, isolated, and at the bottom of the world.

As a person from sunny South India, spending two weeks in a place where 90% of the Earth’s ice is stored is not very comforting. It’s not just cold for the body, but also for the imagination. It feels like entering a huge empty space, like a giant ping-pong ball with no signs of human life—no trees, billboards, or buildings. In this place, you lose your sense of how big things are and what time it is. You can see things that are super tiny, like midges and mites, and also huge things like blue whales and icebergs as big as countries (some as big as Belgium).

The days just keep going in this weird 24-hour sunlight during the southern summer, and it’s really quiet except for sometimes when there’s an avalanche or a big chunk of ice breaks off. It feels like a special and quiet place that makes you think about the history of the Earth. Sadly, the future doesn’t look so good for humans here.

Human Impact-

People have been around for just 12,000 years, which is like a tiny moment on a big clock of Earth’s history. In this short time, we’ve made a lot of noise, showing that we’re in charge by building villages, towns, cities, and even megacities. But because there are so many of us, we’re now competing with other animals for things we need. Also, burning a lot of fossil fuels has made a thick blanket of carbon dioxide around the world. This blanket is making the Earth warmer bit by bit.

People are arguing a lot about climate change nowadays. They wonder if the huge West Antarctic ice sheet will melt completely, or if the Gulf Stream ocean current will get messed up. Some even worry if it’s going to be the end of the world as we know it. Well, who knows? But one thing for sure is that Antarctica is really important in this debate. It’s not just because it’s a place where no humans live, keeping it pretty clean. The big deal is that it has really old carbon records trapped in its ice, like a history book of the Earth for the past half-million years. If we want to learn about how the Earth was in the past, how it is now, and what might happen in the future, Antarctica is the place to check out.

I was part of a program called Students on Ice while on the Shokalskiy ship. This program’s goal is to take high school students to far-off places and give them exciting learning opportunities. The aim is to help them develop a new understanding and respect for our planet. The program has been running for six years and is led by a Canadian named Geoff Green. He started this program because he was tired of taking famous people and retired individuals who could only contribute in limited ways.

With Students on Ice, he wants to provide a life-changing experience to the future leaders of our world, giving them the chance to absorb, learn, and most importantly, take action.The program works really well because it’s impossible not to be influenced when you visit the South Pole. It’s simple to be indifferent or unconcerned about polar ice melting when you’re in your comfy home, but when you witness glaciers shrinking and ice shelves falling apart, you start understanding that global warming is a genuine and serious threat.

Antarctica is a great place to study how small changes in the environment can cause big effects because of its simple ecosystem and limited biodiversity. For example, there are tiny plants called phytoplankton in the ocean that play a crucial role in the Southern Ocean’s food chain. These small plants use the sun’s energy to make food through a process called photosynthesis. Scientists warn that if the ozone layer continues to deplete, it could impact the activities of phytoplankton, affecting the lives of all the marine animals and birds in the region, as well as the global carbon cycle. The story of phytoplankton teaches us a valuable lesson: taking care of small things can have a big impact on everything else.

Walk on the Ocean –

During my time in Antarctica, I had many moments of realization, but one of the best happened just before reaching the Antarctic Circle at 65.55 degrees south. Our ship, the Shokalskiy, got stuck in thick ice, and we couldn’t go any further. The Captain decided to turn around, but before we did, all 52 of us were told to climb down and walk on the ocean. Wearing special gear, we walked on a vast expanse of white ice. Beneath the ice was a meter-thick layer, and below that, 180 meters of living saltwater. In the distance, Crabeater seals were lounging on ice floes. It was an amazing realization: everything is connected.

After crossing nine time zones, six checkpoints, three bodies of water, and various ecosystems, I couldn’t help but marvel at the delicate balance on our planet. I wondered how things would change if Antarctica became as warm as it used to be. Would we still be here to witness it, or would we have disappeared like dinosaurs, mammoths, and woolly rhinos? It’s hard to predict. However, spending two weeks with a group of idealistic teenagers who want to save the world made me realize that a lot can happen over a million years, but even a single day can make a significant difference!

Question Answers –

Short questions answers-.

Q.1. What was Academic Shokalsky? Where was it headed and why?

A.1 . The Academic Shokalsky was a Russian research vessel headed to the Antartica, the coldest driest and windiest continent of the world. It was committed to providing inspiring educational opportunities to the students so that they could gain anew understanding of and respect for the planet as a part of the programme called “Students On Ice.”

Q.2 What was Gondawana? For how long and where did it exist?

A.2 Gondawana was the name of the giant, amalgamated, southern super continent centered around the present day Antartica which existed about 650 million years ago. The warmer climate posted a variety of flora and fauna and the landmark thrive3d for 500 million.

Q.3 Why does the author feel that being in the Antartica is like being in a giant ping-pong ball?

A.3 the author felt so because like a giant ping-pong bal, it was devoid of any human markers like trees, billboards and buildings. He lost all sense of earthly perspective and days seem to go on endlessly. The silence was interrupted only while the sound of an avalanche or calving of ice sheet.

Q.4 What was one of the hotly contested and environmental debate of our time? Why is Antartica a crucial element in the debate?

A.4 Climate change is what features in most environmental debates. The Antartica is the only place in the world that has never sustained human population and is pure in this respect but more importantly because it holds in its ice core.  Half a million year old carbon records trapped in layers of ice.

Q.5 How does the writer get across the message that one has t take care of small things and big things will fall into place?

A.5 The phytoplanktons which sustains the entire southern ocean’s food chain uses sun’s energy for photosynthesis and a further depletion in the ozone layer could affect the activities which in turn would adversely affect the lives of all th marine animals, birds of the region and the global carbon cycle.

Q.6 What are the indications for the future of humankind?

A.6 The rapid human population growth and limited resources exert pressure on land. Melting of ice-caps, depletion of ozone layer and global warming are the  real immediate dangers for mankind.

Q.7 What is the aim of Geoff Green’s program ‘Students on Ice’ ?

A.7 -The aim of the “Students on Ice” program is to provide high school students with inspiring educational opportunities by taking them to different ends of the world, including places like Antarctica. The program seeks to foster a new understanding and respect for the planet among young minds. It offers life-changing experiences to students, allowing them to absorb, learn, and take action for the benefit of the environment. “Students on Ice” focuses on exposing the future generation of policy-makers to diverse environments, encouraging them to engage with and contribute positively to the world.

Long Questions Answers-

Q.1 Why is Antartica the place to go to understand the earth’s present, past and future?

A.1 The Antartica is the only place on the earth that has never sustained a human population. And in this respect it remains untouched, pure and unhampered and therefore remains relatively pristine in this respect. In this frozen ice core are buried half a million year old carbon records trapped in its layers of ice. If we are desirous of learning about the pat, the present and the future, the Antartica is the only place to go to.

Q.2 The world’s geological history is trapped in Antartica. How is the study f this region useful to us?

A.2 The study of this region is useful as it gives us an insight into how the earth forms continents as they are today came into being. It gives us an understanding about the formation and significance of cordilleran folds and pre-Cambrian granite shields, about carbon and ozone and the animals thrived at a certain time in history and why they became extinct.  It throws light on why certain species evolved and where we are heading with the life styles that we adopted. There are lessons to be learnt from half a million years of secrets and carbon records buried I th frozen ice core of Antartica. It tells us that 650 milllion years ago the giant amalgamated supercontinent Gondwana did exist but at the time that the dinosaurs began to get extinct and around the time that human beings came into existence, the landmass separated into continents.

Q.3 “And for the few months, the prognosis is not good.” In what context and on what basis does the author make this observation?

A.3 Doshi is of the opinion that though the human race has been around only for a mere 12000 years we have already managed to create as situation that can have the most disastrous consequences on the future health of the planet an its ability to sustain human life. The Antartica  is a centre of all climate change debates as it is the only place in the world that has ever sustained a human population and is therefore pure and holds in its ice-cores half a million year old carbon records. Its ecosystem is simple and is the prefect place to study how little changes in the environment can have big repercussions. Any depletion in the ocean’s food chain adversely affects the lives of all marine animals, birds and carbon cycle. The threat of global warming becomes a reality when one sees retreating dice-shelves collapsing.

Q4. What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the Students on Ice expedition ?

A.4- Geoff Green, the founder of Students on Ice, has several reasons for including high school students in the expedition. Some reasons are given below:

Educational Opportunity: Geoff Green believes that the polar regions offer a unique and powerful educational opportunity. Experiencing the Arctic or Antarctic firsthand allows students to witness the impacts of climate change, gain a deeper understanding of polar ecosystems, and engage with scientific research.

Inspiration and Empowerment: Green aims to inspire and empower young people by exposing them to the wonders of the polar regions. Through direct experience, students can develop a strong connection with the environment and become advocates for environmental conservation and sustainability.

Future Leaders in Environmental Stewardship: By involving high school students, Green is investing in the development of future leaders in environmental stewardship. The hope is that these students, having witnessed the effects of climate change and learned about the importance of environmental preservation, will take on active roles in addressing global environmental challenges.

Global Perspective: The Students on Ice expedition provides students with a global perspective on climate change and environmental issues. By interacting with peers from around the world, students can gain insights into the varied impacts of climate change and collaborate on potential solutions.

Hands-On Learning: Green believes in the power of experiential, hands-on learning. Being in the polar regions allows students to apply what they have learned in the classroom to real-world situations. This type of immersive learning is often more impactful and memorable than traditional classroom education.

Cultural Exchange: The expedition facilitates cultural exchange among students from diverse backgrounds. This interaction fosters a sense of global community and promotes understanding among individuals from different cultures, fostering a collaborative approach to addressing environmental challenges.

Creating Ambassadors for the Environment: Geoff Green sees high school students as potential ambassadors for the environment. By providing them with a transformative experience in the polar regions, he aims to cultivate a sense of responsibility and advocacy for the preservation of the Earth’s ecosystems.

In summary, Geoff Green’s inclusion of high school students in the Students on Ice expedition is driven by a desire to provide them with a transformative educational experience, inspire environmental stewardship, and empower them to become advocates for the planet.

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Journey To The Center Of The Earth

83 pages • 2 hours read

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Summary and Study Guide

Journey to the Center of the Earth was written by the French writer Jules Gabriel Verne (1828–1905), who is best known for Extraordinary Voyages , a series of science fiction adventure stories that includes Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864) as well as Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1870) and Around the World in Eighty Days (1872). Verne was born in the French port city of Nantes and from a young age was fascinated by the idea of sea adventure. According to family legend, Verne attempted to run away from home as a child to join a ship crew and sail to India but was safely retrieved by his father. Verne’s desire for adventure expressed itself in later years in his literary interests. He was sent to Paris to study law but soon began attending literary salons and engaged full time in writing stories and plays, garnering the attention of such prominent authors as Victor Hugo and Alexandre Dumas. Despite his father’s displeasure with his literary inclinations, Verne continued writing and publishing, augmenting his income with various low-paying jobs, such as a secretary position at the Théâtre lyrique, where he could cheaply produce some of his plays.

In 1857, Verne married Honorine de Viane, a young widow with two daughters, and, needing a steady income, he eventually became a stockbroker, continuing to write in his spare time. In 1862, he met the well-known editor and publisher Pierre-Jules Hetzel, who became interested in Verne’s writing. The following year Hetzel publishes his novel Five Weeks in a Balloon, which becomes an immediate literary success. The two men continued their collaboration, giving rise to the series Extraordinary Voyages. These works showcase Verne’s innovative style of combining scientific facts and theories with romantic adventures. Even though the writer had no formal education in science, he had a passion for knowledge and read widely. His works seem almost prophetic at times as he predicted a number of scientific inventions, such as submarines, cars, and television.

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During his lifetime, Verne achieved international commercial success, but his popularity, in a way, prevented him from receiving critical acclaim. His literary influence in anglophone regions, for example, remained limited for a long time as his works were often published in highly abridged or altered translations, earning him a reputation as a children’s writer, while in France he was relegated to the role of a genre writer. However, in the second half of the 20th century, his oeuvre was reassessed by critics and scholars, and his works were eventually included in the French literary canon. Along with H. G. Wells, Verne is now hailed as one of the fathers of modern science fiction. At present, Verne is the second most-translated author in the world, ranking between Agatha Christie and William Shakespeare.

Journey to the Center of the Earth plays an important role in contemporary Western popular culture. It has been adapted for the screen multiple times, starting with the 1959 Hollywood film version. There have also been several TV and radio adaptations, as well as video games and theme park attractions based on the book’s premise. This study guide refers to the Dover Thrift edition from 2005, based on the 1876 Routledge publication. This version is the most faithful translation of the original text; other editions may include chapter titles, different character names, and even changes to the plot or dialogue.

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Plot Summary

Journey to the Center of the Earth follows a first-person linear narrative , told in retrospect. In Hamburg, a well-known German mineralogist, Professor Otto Lidenbrock , lives together with his orphaned nephew, Axel , and his goddaughter, Gräuben . Axel and Gräuben are in love and secretly engaged. One day, Otto discovers a note written in code by a famous Icelandic alchemist, Arne Saknussemm. With the help of his nephew, Otto discovers that the note, written in Latin in reverse, gives instructions on how to reach the center of the Earth via a crater in Iceland: At the end of June, the shadow of the Scartaris peak will fall onto the entrance. Without delay, the two men embark on a journey to Iceland, via Copenhagen.

Otto and Axel sail to Reykjavik and there hire a local guide, Hans, to take them to the Snäfell mountain, where the crater is supposed to be. The small group traverses Iceland, observing its landscape and people. After more than a week on the road, they ascend the southern peak of Snäfell, called Scartaris by the locals, and descend into its crater. There they find three chimneys and, after waiting for several days because of overcast skies, they are finally able to observe that the peak’s shadow marks the middle chimney as the entrance described by Saknussemm.  

The three men use a rope to climb down the chimney. At the bottom, a tunnel opens, leading southeast. After several days, the group reaches a fork in the road. Otto decides to turn left, and the three men continue their journey. However, the tunnel seems to be horizontal, and they eventually reach a dead end. It becomes clear they need to return to the fork, but they are running out of water and suffer greatly on the way back. After barely making it back to the crossroad, Axel wants to go back to the surface. Otto, however, is determined to explore the other tunnel and is convinced that they will soon find water. Axel does not want to abandon his uncle, so the three men continue forward. After an hour, Axel is exhausted and delirious from thirst, and they are forced to stop. Hans eventually continues alone in search of water and soon discovers a place in the tunnel where it is possible to hear the sounds of a river. Hans uses a pickaxe to pierce the wall where the sound is the strongest, and soon there is a stream of boiling liquid flowing into the tunnel. The three men must wait for some time for the water to cool down but are finally able to quench their thirst. The little stream continues flowing down the tunnel and serves as a water source for the group.

Otto, Axel, and Hans continue their slow descent. At one point, Axel somehow takes a wrong turn unnoticed and finds himself completely alone. He also stumbles, injuring himself and damaging his lantern, which turns off, leaving him in complete darkness and silence. After some time wondering in the dark, Axel hears his uncle’s voice , carried a long way through the tunnel. They determine they are in parallel shafts and that Axel should go down so that he will eventually reach a chamber where multiple tunnels open up. He does that but causes a rockslide and falls down, hitting his head. He loses consciousness but is rescued by his uncle, who is waiting at the bottom.

After regaining consciousness, Axel discovers that they have reached a vast open space that contains a subterranean sea. Otto decides that they must cross the open water to reach the other shore, where he anticipates they will continue their descent into the center of the Earth. Hans constructs a raft from semi-fossilized wood, and they set sail. While traversing the sea, they encounter huge prehistoric monsters who battle each other, as well as a volcanic island with a geyser next to it. Eventually, they sail into a storm and are tossed around for several days. The raft reaches land, but to Otto’s despair, it seems they have arrived on the same shore from which they embarked. While waiting for Hans to repair the raft to try traversing the water a second time, the professor and Axel go on a walk. They come across human remains, theorizing that these must be people who lived in pre-historic times. Further along the shore, they come across a forest where they observe a herd of mastodons. Axel is convinced he sees a 12-foot-tall human among the trees, but after he and his uncle run away in fear, he begins doubting his own eyes.

On the way back, they discover Saknussemm’s initials and discover an opening in the rock face. However, the passage is blocked by a wall. The group decides to use gunpowder to blast away the obstacle. They board the raft and set fire to powder. Even though they do not hear an explosion, they observe a shift in the rock face and realize that they have created a chasm and that the sea is flowing through the new opening. Their raft is swept along, and they keep falling for a long time, until eventually they stop and Otto realizes that they are being swept upward on top of a waterspout. They realize they are at the forefront of a volcanic eruption, carried upward by a side shaft by water, which soon becomes a white boiling mass. In this way, they are swept up and out of the ground. The three men find themselves on the Italian island of Stromboli. From there, they make their way in several stages to Hamburg. Hans continues on to Iceland as he feels homesick. Back home, Otto becomes famous, while Axel is finally able to marry his sweetheart, Gräuben.

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Journey to the End of the Earth  Summary and Analysis

The short story, Journey to the End of the Earth is like a public address regarding the very real dangers of environmental degradation and pollution. Many types of writing have been published based on this topic and the last decade has witnessed a rise in ecological awareness among general society. This story, written by Tishani Doshi is an innovative piece of writing where the narrator simply does not count and explain the facts but also relates the real experience of a young student who goes on an expedition to Antarctica through a programme called ‘Students on Ice’. The setting of the story is entirely situated in the cold, white and frozen landscapes of the continent Antarctica. According to the author, “It’s easy to be blasé about polar ice-caps melting while sitting in the comfort zone of our respective latitude and longitude, but when you can visibly see glaciers retreating and ice shelves collapsing, you begin to realise that the threat of global warming is very real.” This is the main purpose of the programme, to bring the problem of climate change closer to a long-term solution by educating the young minds so that they can build a safer tomorrow.

Journey to the End of the Earth Short Summary

The author begins her story from the starting of her long journey to Antarctica. After completing over a hundred hours of travel using various kinds of transportations like a car, an aeroplane and ship, the author feels tired but mesmerized by the expansive white landscape of the isolated continent. This frozen corner of the earth is nearly inhabitable by humans but rare arctic species like penguins and seals thrive here and populate the landmass. She finds moments of relief after having successfully reached her destination but that feeling is immediately replaced by a sense of profound wonder. The young explorer then delves into a part of earth history where she describes the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana. This supercontinent connected and contained the entire landmass on earth which separated later into the seven continents, much as we know it today.

During that time, in earth’s early history, humans had not arrived yet, the climate was warmer and the world hosted a huge variety of flora and fauna. The writer debates how a visit to Antarctica ensures a sound learning, yet mind-boggling experience to future policy-makers of the world, inspiring them to act promptly to abate the situation. She relates a few of these experiences in the story as when she understands the balance of the simple ecosystem prevalent on the continent. She says that such a place is best suited to the study of the environment where little changes can have big repercussions.

The author then follows her microscopic observances with the frightening details of an incident which occurred at the end of her expedition. While returning, the Russian sea vessel in which she was travelling, the Shokalskiy, had managed to get stuck between a stretch of ice between the peninsula and Tadpole Island, due to which they were unable to move forwards. Before going back towards the North, the Captain asked his entire team of explorers to climb out and walk on the ocean. With only a metre of ice between her feet and the ever deep depths of the ocean, the author no doubt had a dream-like epiphany where she could connect all the dots of existence. She finally pieces together the purpose of her journey which lay in her understanding of the requirement for balance in our planet. Climate change can probably never be stopped but it can be controlled and moderated if we take the right steps now.

Journey to the End of the Earth:  Analysis

The story is a prognosis on the future of humanity on earth and how we can stop the imbalance in our environment to avoid drastic changes from happening soon. According to the author, history can be studied with relevance to its origin and its future on Antarctica as it is the right place to understand about mountain ranges and the rise of sea-levels, ozone and carbon, microscopic phytoplankton that build up the source for the entire ocean. The author hailed from a sun-worshipping warm place where the temperature varied from mild to hot. It was a chilling ordeal for her to leave the comfort of home and set off on this life-changing journey. Nevertheless, she took the courageous step and showed some responsibility as a human. She gathered her wits and paid attention to the lessons she was learning from this untouched ancient place which had all the answers. The setting of the place demanded silent awe and ponderous thoughts on the significance of evolution and extinction. Many species that had once flourished existed only as fossils today. Imminent change is possible at any point and us as a race may or may not be able to cope up with it. From what she observed, the pace in which the earth is headed towards ecological destruction, the future may not be so kind for us.

Journey to the End of the Earth Explanation: Literary Devices

The story Journey to the End of the Earth has been written down in the form of an account or a travel document. The author makes use of various literary devices such as similes, metaphor, imagery and foreshadowing to relate her experiences in the isolated continent of Antarctica where the common laws of human civilization do not apply. It is the one place on earth which has remained intact due to less human interference. The author alludes this place as a vast ice desert which seems indefinite and stark in the continuous austral light of the sun. The story is imbibed with a sense of awe and adventure with a hint of scientific imagination. It truly provides an appropriate response to such an opportunity of travelling to this less accessed place. Thrilling multi-dimensional information included by the author makes it a fascinating and knowledgeable read.

Journey to the End of the Earth Character Sketch

The narrator of the story is comprehensibly the main protagonist of the story since through her eyes we see the fierce and vulnerable beauty of nature in Antarctica. She paints a peculiar and stark picture of this secluded continent through her prose. She describes the region as a place where time and space seem to be suspended and where “Days go on and on and on in surreal 24-hour austral summer light, and a ubiquitous silence, interrupted only by the occasional avalanche or calving ice sheet, consecrates the place.” Although the nature of the expedition seems to be scientific and adventurous, the author, who hails from the city of Madras in South India, has perhaps attained a spiritually evolved understanding of life and balance on this journey as concluded from her writings. She is awed and inspired by her surroundings but is also acutely aware of her purpose to gain knowledge regarding the environment of the earth; she finds “Wonder at its immensity, its isolation, but mainly how there could ever have been a time when India and Antarctica were part of the same landmass”. The narrator, Tishani Doshi, makes important remarks about the place, its inhabitants, and their activities. She also geographically explains to her readers why it is crucial to visit Antarctica to gain a better perspective on the Earth’s past, present and future. She seems to be an imaginative person, fully dedicated to her mission. Her fear of the frigid unknown is greater than her courage when she walks over the ocean on a metre-thick slab of ice with 180 metres of saltwater beneath her feet.

This exciting piece of literature possesses in abundance both scientific facts about the history of our planet and the human thirst for discovery and exploration. Despite the arduous journey, the central character could make good use of her time on Antarctica capturing the alien surroundings through her writing. The landmass was once the centre of the earth and now lies in complete seclusion from the rest of the world. The author has positively managed to transfer our minds to this landscape and learn about the history of the earth.

Journey to the End of The Earth Summary Class 12 English PDF

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Table of Contents

Summary of Journey to the End of The Earth

“Journey to the End of the Earth” is not a specific book title, but there is a classic science fiction novel called “Journey to the Center of the Earth” by Jules Verne. Here is a brief summary of that novel:

“Journey to the Center of the Earth” is an adventure novel that follows the story of a professor named Otto Lidenbrock and his nephew, Axel. Lidenbrock finds an ancient manuscript that leads him to believe that there is a passage to the center of the Earth through a volcano in Iceland.

Together with Axel, Lidenbrock sets off on a perilous journey, facing numerous obstacles and challenges along the way, including a treacherous descent into the Earth’s crust, encounters with prehistoric creatures, and other dangers. The travelers eventually reach the center of the Earth, discovering a world of strange and wondrous sights.

After many struggles, they manage to make their way back to the surface, but not without facing further dangers and complications. The novel ends with Lidenbrock and Axel returning to civilization, forever changed by their incredible journey.

Conclusion of Journey to the End of The Earth

As mentioned earlier, the novel is titled “Journey to the Center of the Earth,” not “Journey to the End of the Earth.” However, here is the conclusion of the novel:

After a perilous journey through the center of the Earth, Professor Lidenbrock and his nephew Axel finally make it back to the surface. They emerge from a volcano in Sicily and are quickly rescued by a passing ship.

Lidenbrock and Axel are hailed as heroes for their incredible journey, and their story becomes widely known. Axel decides to write a detailed account of their experiences, which becomes a best-selling book.

The novel ends with Lidenbrock and Axel reflecting on their journey and the knowledge they have gained. They are forever changed by their experiences, and they look forward to sharing their knowledge with the world.

About the Author

Jules Verne (1828-1905) was a French author who is often referred to as the father of science fiction. He wrote more than 60 novels, many of which have become classics of the genre. Verne’s writing is known for its vivid imagination, scientific accuracy, and attention to detail.

Verne was born in Nantes, France, and spent much of his childhood by the sea. He studied law in Paris, but his passion was always writing. He began his literary career by writing plays and short stories, but it was his first novel, “Five Weeks in a Balloon,” published in 1863, that brought him fame and success.

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Summary of Journey to the End of The Earth in Hindi

“Journey to the End of the Earth” एक विशिष्ट पुस्तक का नाम नहीं है, लेकिन Jules Verne द्वारा लिखी गई एक क्लासिक विज्ञान-कथा उपन्यास “Journey to the Center of the Earth” है। यहाँ उस उपन्यास का एक संक्षिप्त सारांश है:

“Journey to the Center of the Earth” एक साहसिक उपन्यास है जो एक प्रोफेसर नामित Otto Lidenbrock और उसके भतीजे Axel की कहानी का पीछा करता है। Lidenbrock एक प्राचीन हस्तलिखित मिलता है जो उसे विश्वास दिलाता है कि आइसलैंड में एक ज्वालामुखी के माध्यम से पृथ्वी के केंद्र में जाने का एक मार्ग है।

Axel के साथ मिलकर, Lidenbrock एक खतरनाक यात्रा पर निकलते हैं, जो रास्ते में कई बाधाओं और चुनौतियों का सामना करती है, जैसे पृथ्वी की खोपड़ी में खतरनाक अधिवस्तुओं से सामना करना और अन्य खतरों से भी जूझना। यात्रियों को अंततः पृथ्वी के केंद्र तक पहुंच जाते हुए अनोखे दृश्यों वाला एक अजीब दुनिया दिखता है।

कई संघर्षों के बाद, वे अंततः सतह तक वापस आते हैं, लेकिन उन्हें अधिक खतरे और समस्याओं का सामना

होता है जब वे वापसी के लिए उपयोग किया गया रास्ता बंद हो जाता है। उन्हें अब नया रास्ता ढूंढना होगा जो उन्हें सतह तक ले जाएगा।

इस उपन्यास में जूल्स वर्न ने विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में अपनी विशेष रुचि को व्यक्त किया है। उन्होंने इस कहानी में विभिन्न विज्ञानी तत्वों को शामिल किया है, जैसे भौतिकी, भौतिक रासायनिकता, भौगोलिक नियम, जीव विज्ञान आदि। उन्होंने अपने पाठकों को एक अद्भुत और रोमांचक कहानी बताते हुए उनकी रुचि को बढ़ाया जो विज्ञान और उसके अनुसंधानों में है।

“Journey to the Center of the Earth” जूल्स वर्न का एक महान कृति है जो समस्त विज्ञान-कथाओं के श्रृंखला में उनकी अग्रणी स्थान बनी हुई है। यह एक मनोरंजक और सैंडर उपन्यास है जो सामान्य जीवन से हटकर आधुनिक जगत में अपनी निश्चित स्थान बना चुका है।

Important Questions on Journey to the End of The Earth.

1. What does the author mean by “journey to the end of the earth”?

Answer: The author means a journey to a remote and inaccessible place, which is difficult to reach and has extreme weather conditions.

2. Why did the author decide to undertake the journey to Antarctica?

Answer: The author decided to undertake the journey to Antarctica because he wanted to explore the place and understand the beauty and importance of nature.

3. Describe the author’s journey to Antarctica.

Answer: The author’s journey to Antarctica was a long and difficult one. He had to travel by sea for many days, facing strong winds and rough seas. When he reached Antarctica, he had to face extreme cold and harsh weather conditions.

4. What is the importance of Antarctica in the world?

Answer: Antarctica is important because it is the coldest and driest continent on earth. It has a unique ecosystem with a wide variety of marine and terrestrial species. It also has large ice sheets that store about 70% of the world’s fresh water.

5. What is the author’s message in the chapter “Journey to the End of the Earth”?

Answer: The author’s message in the chapter is that nature is beautiful and precious, and we need to protect it from human activities that harm the environment. He also emphasizes the importance of preserving the unique and fragile ecosystem of Antarctica.

6. What was the purpose of the author’s journey to Antarctica?

Answer: The purpose of the author’s journey to Antarctica was to explore the place and understand the beauty and importance of nature. He wanted to witness the unique ecosystem of the continent and learn about the effects of climate change on it.

7. How did the author prepare for his journey to Antarctica?

Answer: The author prepared for his journey to Antarctica by gathering information about the place and its weather conditions. He also took physical and mental training to prepare himself for the extreme conditions he would face. He packed warm clothes and essential equipment required for the journey.

8. What challenges did the author face during his journey to Antarctica?

Answer: The author faced several challenges during his journey to Antarctica. He had to travel by sea for many days, facing strong winds and rough seas. When he reached Antarctica, he had to face extreme cold and harsh weather conditions. He also experienced sea sickness and had to adjust to the new environment.

9. What did the author learn from his journey to Antarctica?

Answer: The author learned that nature is beautiful and precious, and we need to protect it from human activities that harm the environment. He also realized the importance of preserving the unique and fragile ecosystem of Antarctica. He witnessed the impact of climate change on the continent and learned about the efforts being made to mitigate its effects.

10. How can we protect Antarctica and its unique ecosystem?

Answer: We can protect Antarctica and its unique ecosystem by reducing our carbon footprint and promoting sustainable practices. We can also support research and conservation efforts in the region. It is important to raise awareness about the importance of protecting the environment and to take actions that help in preserving it.

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Journey to the end of the earth: summary, questions and answers.

Journey to the End of the Earth: Complete NCERT Solution 12th English will have a summary, questions and answers, and pdf for the students. Tishani Doshi, the writer of ‘Journey to the End of the Earth, explains her journey to Antarctica in this chapter. Students from high schools are taken to Antarctica, the end of the world. It inspires the students to understand and respect our planet. Journey to the End of the Earth: Complete NCERT Solution 12th English is for the students of CBSE and HBSE of class 12 English.

Table of Contents

‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ Summary: Complete NCERT Solution

Tishani doshi, the writer of ‘journey to the end of the earth’: complete information.

Tishani Doshi, the writer of ‘Journey to the End of the Earth, explains her journey to Antarctica in this chapter. The summary will explain all the details of the chapter, ‘Journey to the End of the Earth. “The continent  of  Antarctica   makes up most of the  Antarctic region”. It is a very cold continent where cold water meets the warmer waters of the world’s oceans. “The Antarctic covers approximately 20 per cent of the Southern Hemisphere. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent in terms of total area.” National Geographic.

“Tishani Doshi  (born 9 December 1975) is an Indian  poet ,  journalist , and dancer based in Chennai . [1]  In 2006 she won the  Forward Prize  for her debut poetry book  Countries of the Body . Her poetry book  A God at the Door has been shortlisted for the 2021 Forward Forward Prize in the best poetry collection category. [2]” Wikipedia.

The summary of the chapter explains her journey to the coldest continent of the world, named Antarctica, the fifth-largest continent in terms of the area. She boarded a Russian research ship. She started her journey from Chennai. She was part of the group of 52 students named  ‘Students on Ice’. It was an educational tour to provide educational opportunities to learn about the continent. She travelled over 100 hours in a combination of a car, an aeroplane, and a ship. The journey consisted of nine time zones, six checkpoints, three bodies of water, and three ecospheres.

She found Antarctica as a white landscape, the “coldest, driest, windiest continent in the world”. It is an isolated and immense continent. “If you want to know more about the planet’s past, present, and future, Antarctica is the place to go to.” Bon Voyage! Gondwana, a giant southern supercontinent, was established six hundred and fifty million years ago. There were no human beings present on the Gondwana continent. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe came into shape.

Human Impact on Antarctica: ‘Journey to the End of the Earth’

Antarctica has always been a part of history. It tells us our history of origin and our future life where we are going. It consists of Cordilleran folds and pre-Cambrian granite shields, ozone, and carbon. It tells us about the evolution and extinction of humans. It tells us about human civilisation and tells us how we behave with nature by building villages, towns, cities, and megacities. The increase in the population has adversely affected our resources, and the burning of fossils has created a blanket of carbon dioxide around the world, which has become the main cause of global warming. Will the West Antarctic ice sheet melt entirely? These are the burning issues of global warming.

‘Students on Ice’ Programme: ‘Journey to the End of the Earth’

Students from high schools are taken to Antarctica, which is considered the end of the world. It inspires the students to understand and respect our planet. This programme is in operation and has been running for six years, headed by Canadian, Geoff Green, who offers the opportunity to people for a life-changing experience at an age when they can easily absorb, learn, and act. The programme is successful because it’s impossible to reach certain places alone. It provides the opportunity to realise the real threat of global warming. Antarctica has a simple ecosystem and a lack of biodiversity, so the impacts of environmental change have been visible in this place. Therefore, the Student on Ice programme was excellent for students to understand the impacts of global warming on our future lives.

Translation by Google

‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ की लेखिका Tishani Joshi  इस अध्याय में अंटार्कटिका की अपनी यात्रा के बारे में बताती हैं। सारांश ‘पृथ्वी के अंत की यात्रा’ अध्याय के सभी विवरणों की व्याख्या करेगा। “अंटार्कटिका महाद्वीप अंटार्कटिक क्षेत्र का अधिकांश भाग बनाता है”। यह एक बहुत ही ठंडा महाद्वीप है जहाँ ठंडा पानी दुनिया के महासागरों के गर्म पानी से मिलता है। “अंटार्कटिक दक्षिणी गोलार्ध के लगभग 20 प्रतिशत को कवर करता है। अंटार्कटिका कुल क्षेत्रफल के मामले में पांचवां सबसे बड़ा महाद्वीप है।” National Geographic.

“तिशानी दोशी (जन्म 9 दिसंबर 1975) चेन्नई में स्थित एक भारतीय कवि, पत्रकार और नर्तकी हैं। [1] 2006 में उन्होंने अपनी पहली कविता पुस्तक कंट्रीज़ ऑफ़ द बॉडी के लिए फ़ॉरवर्ड पुरस्कार जीता। उनकी कविता पुस्तक ए गॉड एट द डोर सर्वश्रेष्ठ कविता संग्रह श्रेणी में 2021 के फॉरवर्ड फॉरवर्ड पुरस्कार के लिए चुना गया है।[2]” Wikipedia.

अध्याय का सारांश दुनिया के सबसे ठंडे महाद्वीप के लिए उसकी यात्रा की व्याख्या करता है, जिसका नाम अंटार्कटिका है, जो क्षेत्र के मामले में पांचवां सबसे बड़ा महाद्वीप है। वह एक रूसी शोध जहाज पर सवार हुई। उन्होंने चेन्नई से अपने सफर की शुरुआत की। वह ‘स्टूडेंट्स ऑन आइस’ नाम के 52 छात्रों के समूह का हिस्सा थीं। यह महाद्वीप के बारे में जानने के लिए शैक्षिक अवसर प्रदान करने के लिए एक शैक्षिक दौरा था। उसने एक कार, एक हवाई जहाज और एक जहाज के संयोजन में 100 घंटे से अधिक की यात्रा की। यात्रा में नौ समय क्षेत्र, छह चौकियां, तीन जल निकाय और तीन पारिस्थितिक क्षेत्र शामिल थे।

उसने अंटार्कटिका को एक सफेद परिदृश्य के रूप में पाया, जो “दुनिया का सबसे ठंडा, सबसे शुष्क, हवा वाला महाद्वीप” है। यह एक अलग और विशाल महाद्वीप है। “यदि आप ग्रह के अतीत, वर्तमान और भविष्य के बारे में अधिक जानना चाहते हैं, तो अंटार्कटिका जाने का स्थान है।” बॉन यात्रा! गोंडवाना, एक विशाल दक्षिणी महामहाद्वीप, छह सौ पचास मिलियन वर्ष पहले स्थापित किया गया था। गोंडवाना महाद्वीप पर कोई मनुष्य मौजूद नहीं था। जलवायु गर्म थी, और यह “वनस्पति और जीवों” में समृद्ध था। यह 500 मिलियन वर्षों तक अस्तित्व में रहा जब डायनासोर का सफाया हो गया, स्तनधारियों का युग अस्तित्व में आया और विश्व की वर्तमान प्रणाली आकार में आई।

अंटार्कटिका पर मानव प्रभाव।

अंटार्कटिका हमेशा से इतिहास का हिस्सा रहा है। यह हमें हमारे मूल के इतिहास और हमारे भविष्य के जीवन के बारे में बताता है कि हम कहाँ जा रहे हैं। इसमें कॉर्डिलरन फोल्ड और प्री-कैम्ब्रियन ग्रेनाइट शील्ड, ओजोन और कार्बन शामिल हैं। यह हमें मनुष्यों के विकास और विलुप्त होने के बारे में बताता है। यह हमें मानव सभ्यता के बारे में बताता है और हमें बताता है कि गांवों, कस्बों, शहरों और महानगरों का निर्माण करके हम प्रकृति के साथ कैसा व्यवहार करते हैं। जनसंख्या में वृद्धि ने हमारे संसाधनों पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डाला है, और जीवाश्मों के जलने से दुनिया भर में कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड का एक आवरण बन गया है, जो ग्लोबल वार्मिंग का मुख्य कारण बन गया है। क्या पश्चिमी अंटार्कटिका की बर्फ की चादर पूरी तरह से पिघल जाएगी? ये ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के ज्वलंत मुद्दे हैं।

‘स्टूडेंट्स ऑन आइस’ कार्यक्रम।(‘Students on Ice’ Programe)

हाई स्कूल के छात्रों को अंटार्कटिका ले जाया जाता है, जिसे दुनिया का अंत माना जाता है। यह छात्रों को हमारे ग्रह को समझने और सम्मान करने के लिए प्रेरित करता है। यह कार्यक्रम चल रहा है और छह साल से चल रहा है, जिसका नेतृत्व कैनेडियन, ज्योफ ग्रीन कर रहे हैं, जो लोगों को उस उम्र में जीवन बदलने वाले अनुभव का अवसर प्रदान करता है जब वे आसानी से अवशोषित, सीख और कार्य कर सकते हैं। कार्यक्रम सफल है क्योंकि अकेले कुछ स्थानों तक पहुंचना असंभव है। यह ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के वास्तविक खतरे को महसूस करने का अवसर प्रदान करता है। अंटार्कटिका में एक सरल पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र और जैव विविधता की कमी है, इसलिए पर्यावरण परिवर्तन के प्रभाव इस जगह पर स्पष्ट रूप से दिखाई दे रहे हैं। इसलिए, भविष्य की पीढ़ियों के लिए हमारे भविष्य के जीवन पर ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के प्रभावों को समझने के लिए स्टूडेंट ऑन आइस कार्यक्रम एक उत्कृष्ट कार्यक्रम था।

‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ Questions and Answers, Summary, and MCQ: PDF

Complete reading skills solutions : ‘journey to the end of the earth’.

1. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:

By the time I actually set foot on the Antarctic continent I had been travelling over 100 hours in combination of a car, an aeroplane and a ship; so, my first emotion on facing Antarctica’s expansive white landscape and uninterrupted blue horizon was relief, followed up with an immediate and profound wonder. Wonder at its immensity, its isolation, but mainly at how there could ever have been a time when India and Antarctica were part of the same landmass

Q.1. How many hours did the author travel to land on Antarctica?

Ans. (B) 100

Q.2. How did she travel to Antarctica?

Ans. She travelled to Antarctica using a car, an airplane, and a ship.

Q.3. How was she welcomed in Antarctica?

Ans. She was welcomed by the white landscape and uninterrupted blue horizon of Antarctica.

Q.4: What did the author feel on reaching Antarctica?

Ans. She felt relief.

Q.5. What did she see on Antarctica?

Ans. She saw Antarctica’s expansive white landscape and uninterrupted blue horizon.

Q.6. What were the wonderful things he noted in Antarctica?

Ans. She was astounded by the universe’s vastness and isolation.

2. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:

Six hundred and fifty million years ago, a giant amalgamated southern supercontinent — Gondwana — did indeed exist, centred roughly around the present-day 2022-23 Journey to the end of the Earth 19 Antarctica. Things were quite different then: humans hadn’t arrived on the global scene, and the climate was much warmer, hosting a huge variety of flora and fauna. For 500 million years Gondwana thrived, but around the time when the dinosaurs were wiped out and the age of the mammals got under way, the landmass was forced to separate into countries, shaping the globe much as we know it today.

Q. 1. When was Gondwana existed?

Q. 2. Where was Gondwana?

Q. 3. Was there any presence of human being in Gondwana?

Q. 4. How was the climate in Gondwana?

Q. 6. Why were there a huge variety of flora and fauna?

Q. 6. (a) After flora and fauna, the dinosaurs were wiped out.

(b) The age of mammals started.

(c) Later it was forced to disintegrate into various countries of today

(d) all are correct

Ans. (d) all are correct

3. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:

Human civilisations have been around for a paltry 12,000 years — barely a few seconds on the geological clock. In that short amount of time, we’ve managed to create quite a ruckus, etching our dominance over Nature with our villages, towns, cities, megacities. The rapid increase of human populations has left us battling with other species for limited resources, and the unmitigated burning of fossil fuels has now created a blanket of carbon dioxide around the world, which is slowly but surely increasing the average global temperature……….

Q. 1. What does Antarctica tell us about our history?

Ans. : Antarctica tells us about our past and future.

Q.2. What is the effect of human civilization on nature?

Ans.It spoils our nature.

Q. 3. What is the result of burning?

Ans. It creates more carbon dioxide.

Q. 4. What is the effect of carbon dioxide on global temperatures?

Ans: Temperature increases due to carbon dioxide.

Q. 5. Which chapter did these lines come from?

Ans., Journey to the End of the Earth,

Q. 6. What is the name of the writer?

Ans. Tishani Doshi

How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind?

4. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:

Students on Ice, the programme I was working with on the Shokalskiy, aims to do exactly this by taking high school students to the ends of the world and providing them with inspiring educational opportunities which will help them foster a new understanding and respect for our planet. It’s been in operation for six years now, headed by Canadian Geoff Green, who got tired of carting celebrities and retired, rich, curiosity-seekers who could only ‘give’ back in a limited way. With Students on Ice, he offers the future generation of policy-makers a life-changing experience at an age when they’re ready to absorb, learn, and most importantly, act.

Q. 1. The research vessel, “Akademik Sholanskiy,” belongs to

Ans: The research vessel “Akademik Sholanskiy” belongs to Russia.

Q. 2. What was the “Students on Ice” programme?

“Students on Ice” was the programme to take the high school students to the end of the earth.

Q. 3. What was the target audience for “Students on Ice”?

Ans. The target of the programme “Students on Ice” was to make them learn to respect the planet.

Q. 4. How long was the “Students on Ice” programme?

Ans. The “Students on Ice” programme lasted for six years.

Q. 5. Who was the head of the “Students on Ice” programme?

Ans. Geoff Green was the head of the “Students on Ice” programme.

Q. 6. To which country did the head of the “Students on Ice” programme belong?

Geoff Green was a Canadian citizen.

Q. 7. Why did Geoff Green prefer to work with the students?

Ans. Geoff Green preferred to work with students because they provide the greatest returns to society.

‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ Text Book  Questions and Answers: Complete NCERT Solution 12th English

‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ Questions and Answers are critical In the Class 12 English CBSE/HBSE exams.  Tishani Doshi, author of “Journey to the End of the Earth,” describes her trip to Antarctica in this chapter. The following are the key questions and answers from “Journey to the End of the Earth.”

Journey to the end of the Earth Reading with insight

Q. 1. How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind?

Ans: Geological phenomena are always helpful to us in understanding our history of origin and where we are heading. Tishani Doshi, the writer of “Journey to the End of the Earth”, explains in this chapter the evolution of human beings with the help of her visit to Antarctica, which tells us about the origin of humans when dinosaurs were wiped out and then the age of mammals came into existence. This is how the current world order came into existence.

Q. 2. ‘The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica How is the study of this region useful to us?

Q. 3. What is unique and special about Antarctica? (HBSE 2020)

Q. 4. Why is Antarctica the place to go to, to understand the earth’s present, past and future?(HBSE 2014,Sept.2019, 2020)

Ans: Tishani Doshi, the writer of ‘Journey to the End of the Earth’, found Antarctica as a white landscape, the “coldest, driest, windiest continent in the world”. It is an isolated and immense continent. “If you want to know more about the planet’s past, present, and future, Antarctica is the place to go to.” Bon Voyage! Gondwana, a giant southern supercontinent, was established six hundred and fifty million years ago. There were no human beings present on the Gondwana continent. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe came into shape. History has always included Antarctica. It explains our founding story and where we are headed in the future.

Q. 5. How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind in “Journey to the End of the Earth” ? 

Ans: Tishani Doshi, the writer of ‘Journey to the End of the Earth’, found Antarctica as a white landscape, the “coldest, driest, windiest continent in the world”. It is an isolated and immense continent. “If you want to know more about the planet’s past, present, and future, Antarctica is the place to go to. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe came into shape. Our resources have been negatively impacted by the growing population, and the combustion of fossil fuels has resulted in a worldwide carbon dioxide ozone layer that is now the primary contributor to global warming. Is the West Antarctic ice sheet going to completely melt?

Q. 6. What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the Students on Ice expedition?

Ans: Geoff Green, a Canadian, offers the opportunity to high school students to get a life-changing experience at an age when they can easily absorb, learn, and act.  The ‘Students on Ice’ Programme is successful because it’s impossible to reach certain places alone. It provides the opportunity to realise the real threat of global warming. Antarctica has a simple ecosystem and a lack of biodiversity, so the impacts of environmental change have been visible in this place. Therefore, the Student on Ice programme was an excellent programme for students to understand the impacts of global warming on our future lives.

Q. 7. ‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.’ What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctic environment?

Ans: The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe came into shape. Antarctica has a simple ecosystem and a lack of biodiversity, so the impacts of environmental change have been visible in this place. Therefore, the Student on Ice programme was excellent for students to understand the impacts of global warming on our future lives, which are visible in Antarctica.

Q. 8. Why is the author filled with wonder when she reached Antarctica?

Q. 9. What was the first reaction of the writer when she set foot in Antarctica?

Ans: She had been travelling for over 100 hours in a combination of a car, an aeroplane, and a ship. She found Antarctica the most beautiful white landscape and an unexplored blue horizon. She felt relieved and wondered about its immensity and isolation. She wondered at the thought of how there could ever have been a time when India and Antarctica were part of the same landscape.

Q. 10. How was Gondwana 650 million years ago? (HBSE 2010,2012)

Ans: Gondwana, a giant southern supercontinent, was established six hundred and fifty million years ago. There were no human beings present on the Gondwana continent. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe came into shape.

‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ Extra Small Questions and Answers: Complete Answer 

Q. 1. What is the name of the writer of “Journey to the End of the Earth”?

Ans:  The name of the author is Tishani Joshi

Q. 2. What is she talking about in “Journey to the End of the Earth”?

Ans: The writer describes her journey to the coldest continent of the world, Antarctica.

Q. 3. Where is the end of the Earth?

Ans: Antarctica is the end of the earth.

Q. 4. What is the temperature in Antarctica?

Ans: The temperature of Antarctica is Very cold.

Q. 5. The research vessel, “Akademik Sholanskiy,” belongs to

Ans: The research vessel, “Akademik Sholanskiy,” belongs to Russia.

Q. 6. Who is the organiser of the trip?

Ans:  Geoff Green

Q. 7. What is the name of the programme for Antarctica?

Ans: The name of the programme for Antarctica is ‘Students on Ice’ 

Q. 8. How long has this programme been going on?

Ans: Six years

Q. 9. Who is the head of this programme?

Ans: Geoff Green

Q. 10. For whom is the programme intended?

Ans: High School Students

Q. 12. Why is the programme only for students in high school?

Ans: The programme only for students in high school t o understand the future comfortably.

Q. 13. How many students were there in the program?

Q. 14. How much time does it take to reach Antarctica?

Ans: 100 Hours

Q. 15. How many time zones did she cover before she reached Antarctica ?

Q. 16. What is the colour of the landscape in Antarctica?

Q. 17. Where is the planet’s ‘past, present, and future’ to be found?

Ans: Antarctica

Q. 18. When was Gondwana established?

Ans: Six hundred and fifty million years ago

Q. 19. Were there humans on Gondwana present?

Q. 1. What was the climate of Gondwana like?

Q. 20. Gondwana was rich in…:

Ans: “flora and fauna.”

Q. 21. How long has Gondwana existed?

Ans: 500 million years

Q. 22. What is the most hotly contested environmental debate of our time?

Ans: Climate change

Q. 23. When did mammals come into existence?

Ans: After the extinction of dinosaurs

Q. 24. What does Antarctica tell us?

Ans: past, present, and future

Q. 25. How do humans affect nature?

Ans: Spoil nature

Q. 26. What is the cause of global warming?

Ans: Excess use of resources

Q. 27. What lessons can students take away from the “Students on Ice” program?

Ans: Protect Earth

Q. 28. Which gas is produced as a result of global warming?

Ans: Carbon dioxide

Journey To The End Of The Earth Long Questions and Answers: Complete NCERT Solution 12th English

Question.1 : , you have been the part of the programme on ‘students on ice’ in ‘journey to the end of the earth’. share your experiences of  the programme on ‘students on ice’ with the students of your class. include:  the way of journey, time to reach, atmosphere on antartica, and how do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind you can start the address: dear friends…...

Dear friends as all of you know that I have the part of the programme of the “Students on Ice” which had 52 students of high school . I am sharing my experience of the programme of the “Students on Ice”  to enhance your knowledge of the way of journey, time to reach, atmosphere on Antartica, and How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind? I hope you will be excited to hear me on the programme.

By the time I actually set foot on the Antarctic continent I had been travelling over 100 hours in combination of a car, an aeroplane and a ship. It is a very cold continent where cold water meets the warmer waters of the world’s oceans. “The Antarctic covers approximately 20 per cent of the Southern Hemisphere. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent in terms of total area.” National Geographic. 

It is an isolated and immense continent. “If you want to know more about the planet’s past, present, and future, Antarctica is the place to go to.” Bon Voyage! Gondwana, a giant southern supercontinent, was established six hundred and fifty million years ago. There were no human beings present on the Gondwana continent. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe came into shape. History has always included Antarctica. It explains our founding story and where we are headed in the future.

I hope, you might have got all the information and challenges on Antarctic continent.

Question 2:

How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind what are the indications for the future of humankind explain the the history of humankind using your knowledge of “journey to the end of the earth”..

Ans: Tishani Doshi, the writer of ‘Journey to the End of the Earth’, found Antarctica as a white landscape, the “coldest, driest, windiest continent in the world”. It is an isolated and immense continent. “If you want to know more about the planet’s past, present, and future, Antarctica is the place to go to.

History has always included Antarctica. It explains our founding story and where we are headed in the future. It is made up of carbon, ozone, pre-Cambrian granite shields, and Cordilleran folds. It provides information on the extinction and evolution of people. By creating towns, cities, and megacities, we demonstrate human civilisation and how we interact with the natural world. Our resources have been negatively impacted by the growing population, and the combustion of fossil fuels has resulted in a worldwide carbon dioxide ozone layer that is now the primary contributor to global warming. Is the West Antarctic ice sheet going to completely melt?

Question 3:

What makes antarctica an ideal subject of study is the title “journey to the end of the earth” relevant to the main ideas of the chapter.

The writer uses the title to explain his or her main ideas, and it must reveal the plot and theme of the chapter. Tishani Doshi, the writer of “Journey to the End of the Earth,” found Antarctica as a white landscape, the “coldest, driest, windiest continent in the world.” It is an isolated and immense continent. “If you want to know more about the planet’s past, present, and future, Antarctica is the place to go and an ideal subject to study as it is related to human existence.”

“Journey to the End of the Earth” explains the planet’s past, present, and future. The programme of “Students on Ice” provides an opportunity for the students to learn about the evolution of mankind. Gondwana, a giant southern supercontinent, was established six hundred and fifty million years ago. There were no human beings present on the Gondwana continent. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe took shape. History has always included Antarctica. It explains our founding story and where we are headed in the future.

Hence, the title “Journey to the End of the Earth” is appropriate and suitable for the study of Antarctica.

Writing Skills on “Journey to the End of the Earth”.

Question 1:, reporting on the programme of the “students on ice”..

“If you want to know more about the planet’s past, present, and future, Antarctica is the place to go to. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna.” You have the part of the programme of the “Students on Ice”. Being a reporter of the newspaper, write a report on the programme of the “Students on Ice”.

Report on “Students on Ice”

By Sonakshi, The Times of India

March 20, 2023.

I got an opportunity to be part of the “Students on Ice” trip to Antarctica. The journey of the “Students on Ice” took more than 100 hours in a combination of a car, an airplane, and a Russian ship. Geoff Green directed “Students on Ice,” which taught the history of humanity in Antarctica to 52 high school students.

Antarctica was an isolated and immense continent, and the students were able to learn about the planet’s past, present, and future. We found that Antarctica was a white landscape, the “coldest, driest, windiest continent in the world.” Gondwana, a giant southern supercontinent, was established six hundred and fifty million years ago. There were no human beings present on the Gondwana continent. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe took shape.

Antarctica was explained, the future of which is made of carbon, ozone, pre-Cambrian granite shields, and Cordilleran folds. It provided information on the extinction and evolution of people. Is the West Antarctic ice sheet going to completely melt? That was the question before the students on the “Students on Ice” trip to Antarctica. History has always included Antarctica. It explains our founding story and where we are headed in the future.

Article on: “Antarctica: The Effects of Pollution”

You are a student of the 12th class, and you have just gone through the chapter “Journey to the End of the Earth.” Write an article on “Antarctica: The Effects of Pollution,” explaining the history of mankind, the bad effects of pollution on Antarctica, and the result of the pollution.

Antarctica is a remote and vast continent that provides human protection. Antarctica is a white landscape, the “coldest, driest, and windiest continent in the world.” Gondwana, a giant southern supercontinent, was established six hundred and fifty million years ago. There were no human beings present on the Gondwana continent. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe took shape.

By creating towns, cities, and megacities, we demonstrate human civilization and how we interact with the natural world. Our resources have been negatively impacted by the growing population, and the combustion of fossil fuels has resulted in a worldwide carbon dioxide ozone layer that is now the primary contributor to global warming. Is the West Antarctic ice sheet going to completely melt? Antarctica is the place to realize the impact of global warming and the future of the earth. Hence, we need to protect Antarctica for the benefit of mankind.

‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ Questions and Answers, Summary,and MCQ: PDF

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Journey To The End Of The Earth Question Answer & Summary: NCERT

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"Journey to the End of the Earth" is a thought-provoking chapter included in the Class 12 English curriculum. This chapter takes students on an enlightening journey, emphasizing the importance of understanding Earth's past to make sense of the future. It's a narrative that combines travel, adventure, and deep scientific insights, making it a fascinating read for students.

The journey to the end of the earth question answer sections are crucial for students to delve into the various aspects of this chapter. These question answers help students understand the core themes of the chapter, including the significance of scientific research in Antarctica and its implications for understanding global warming and climate change.

For those looking for comprehensive study materials, the journey to the end of the earth important questions compile the most critical aspects of the chapter. These questions are often designed to test students' understanding of the text and encourage them to think critically about the issues presented in the narrative.

The summary of journey to the end of the earth is an excellent resource for students who need a quick recap of the chapter. It highlights the main points and themes, aiding in quick revision and recall. The journey to the end of the earth class 12 summary specifically caters to the syllabus requirements of Class 12, ensuring that all the key elements of the chapter are covered.

Journey to the end of the earth questions and answers are also a valuable resource. These resources typically include a mix of short and long answer questions that help students practice their writing skills and improve their understanding of the chapter.

In summary, Journey to the End of the Earth is not just a chapter in a textbook for Class 12 students; it's an invitation to explore and understand our planet's past, present, and future. With the right resources, including detailed question answers, summaries, and important questions, students can gain a deeper appreciation and understanding of this critical and timely topic.

CHAPTER 3: JOURNEY TO THE END OF THE EARTH

JOURNEY TO THE END OF THE EARTH SUMMARY

- by Tishani Doshi

The Story Retold

The Journey to Antarctica Begins

The narrator heads towards Antarctica aboard 'Akademic Shokalskiy, a Russian research vessel with a group of high school students. She reveals that Antarctica is the coldest, driest and windiest continent in the world. She commences her journey from Madras, crosses nine time zones, six checkpoints, three water bodies and many ecospheres to reach her destination. Travelling over hundred hours, she feels relief and wonders about the isolation of the continent and the historic time when India and Antarctica were a part of the same landmass.

Gondwana and the Shaping of the Modern World

The narrator takes the reader back to six hundred and fifty million years. At that time, Antarctica was a part of a giant amalgamated Southern supercontinent called Gondwana.

At that time humans had not arrived. The climate was warm and there was a huge variety of flora and fauna. For around 500 million years Gondwana existed. Eventually the landmass broke up and was forced to separate into countries. This shaped our present globe.

Narrator Wonders at Antarctica; Finds It Blissful

Belonging to a relatively warm country, the narrator who is a South Indian is shocked to be in place where 90% of the Earth's total ice volumes are stored! She feels she's walking into a giant ping-pong ball. There is no human life there and nothing to show that human life exists on this planet. She is surrounded by midges, mites, blue whales and limitless expanse of huge icebergs. The surreal twenty four-hour summer lights and eerie silence that is interrupted only by the breaking of an iceberg, is mind-boggling.

Human Impact on the Environment

Human beings have been on the Earth for about 12000 years. In this short span of time we have changed the face of our environment for worse. We have dominated the Earth by establishing cities and megacities. This has led to encroachment of Mother Nature. We are limiting resources on the planet for other creatures. Burgeoning population has added to our woes. The average global temperature is rising and the blanket of carbon dioxide around the world is increasing.

The Paradox of Climate Change

There are many unanswered questions about climate change and the narrator is alarmed by them.

Will the West Antarctic ice sheet melt entirely?

Will the gulf stream ocean current be disrupted?

Will the world come to on end?

In this debate, Antarctica has a major role to play. This is because as compared to other places it remains relatively ‘pristine' and contains half-million-years-old carbon records trapped in its layers of ice. The Earth's past, present and future lies hidden in Antarctica.

'Students on Ice' Programme

This programme aims at studying the ecological processes in Antarctica. The narrator works on this project on board Akademik Shokolskiy, It takes school students on the trip of Antarctica. The visit aims at generating a new awareness and respect for our planet in young, impressionable minds.

The programme has been in operation for six years. It is headed by a Canadian, Geoff Green. Earlier he used to take celebrities, retired rich and curiosity seekers to Antarctica for money. Gradually he got sick of those people who gave nothing to the Earth in return. So, he decided to take school students there. It was his firm belief that young minds could learn and act better about the potential hazards regarding the environment which our Earth faces.

The programme was a success because children could see with their own eyes collasping ice shelves and retreating glaciers. They realised that the threat of global warming was real.

Lessons to be Learnt

The greatest lesson to be learnt is little changes in the environment can have big repercussions. The microscopic phytoplankton are nourishment for marine animals and birds in the region. Any more depletion in the ozone layer will affect the activities of these grasses. This will in turn affect the lives of others in this region and the global carbon cycle. The phytoplankton leads us to conclude that if we take care of small things, the big things can be saved.

A Memorable Walk on the Ocean

The narrator says that the experience of strolling on the ocean at Antarctica was a never-to-be-forgotten incident for all. At 65.55 degrees South of equator, the narrator and the students were told to get down. They put on Gore-Tex ice shoes and Sun glasses. On over 180 metres of salt water, there was one metre thick layer of ice. It was a breathtaking experience to see crabeater seals sitting in the periphery. It was truly a memorable experience for all.

The Difference the Antarctic Trip Made

The author is overwhelmed with the beauty of balance in play on our planet. She has many questions in her mind for e.g., what would happen if Antarctica becomes a warm place? Will human beings survive on Earth? Whatever be the answers to these questions, she is full of optimism about the teenagers who are full of idealism to save the Earth after having made the trip of Antarctica.

NCERT SOLUTIONS FOR CLASS 12 ENGLISH VISTAS CHAPTER 3

Questions (Page No. 23)

(Reading with Insight)

JOURNEY TO THE END OF THE EARTH QUESTION ANSWER  

Question 1. ‘The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica.’ How is the study of this region useful to us?

Answer: The world’s geological history is indeed trapped in Antarctica. The study of the region of Antarctica gives us insight into the world’s geological history. This is because the current world is battling with the growing population and the extreme burning of fossil fuels has formed a blanket of carbon dioxide around the earth, which is the main cause of global temperature or warming.  Antarctica is a crucial element in the debate on climate change because it is relatively ‘pristine’. It is because 650 million years ago Gondwana land existed in the south part of the earth where Antarctica is currently situated. It contains a rich variety of flora and fauna. For 500 million years Gondwana flourished, later landmass was forced to separate into countries, shaping the globe, much as we know it today. All secrets are embedded in the layers of the ice in the form of 500-million-year-old carbon records. Hence, to study about earth’s past Antarctica is the best place.

Question 2. What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the Students on Ice expedition?

Answer: Geoff Green took the high school students to one end of the world, to give them the chance to develop respect and knowledge for the earth. He included high school students in the ice expedition because with students on the ice expedition he offered the future policymakers to experience how difficult it would have been for the earth to sustain life by raising its warmth. At a younger age when the process of good values develops in their life, it will also assist them in knowing more about their planet.

Question 3. ‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.’ What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctic environment?

Answer: ‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.’ is a relevant statement to the Antarctic environment. A small environmental change can give rise to dramatic developments. Because of the small biodiversity and simple ecosystem, Antarctica is the best place to study the small changes in the environment that give big consequences. For example, consider the microscopic phytoplankton — these grasses of the sea that feed and support the entire Southern Ocean’s food chain. These single-celled plants use the sun’s energy to absorb carbon dioxide and manufacture organic compounds and the most important of processes is called photosynthesis. Scientists caution that more depletion in the ozone layer will affect the activities of phytoplankton, which in turn affect the marine life’s food chain. From this example of the phytoplankton, there is a great metaphor for existence: take care of the small things and the big things will fall into place.

Question 4. Why is Antarctica the place to go to, to understand the earth’s present, past and future?

Answer: Antarctica is the best place to understand the earth’s present, past, future because it holds in its ice cores, half a million-year-old carbon records trapped in its layers of ice. Antarctica gives an idea of how the earth would have been like millions of years ago and how it formed into different masses of earth. Antarctica has a vibrant diversity of flora and fauna is a rich heritage of the past. Therefore, Antarctica is a place to understand the earth’s present, past and future.

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Promethium revolution: How a new rare earth element is set to transform technology

S cientists have discovered the elusive properties hidden within promethium, a rare earth element that has remained largely unexplored since its discovery 80 years ago.

This landmark research, published in the journal Nature , marks a significant advance in rare earth studies and has the potential to rewrite chemistry textbooks.

Promethium's 80-year scientific journey

The story of promethium began in 1945 at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory ( ORNL ), formerly known as Clinton Laboratories. It was here that the element was first discovered and continues to be produced in minute quantities.

Named after the mythological Titan who delivered fire to humans, promethium symbolizes the human quest for knowledge and understanding.

Alex Ivanov, an ORNL scientist who co-led the research, expressed the team's sense of obligation to uphold the laboratory's legacy.

"The whole idea was to explore this very rare element to gain new knowledge. Once we realized it was discovered at this national lab and the place where we work, we felt an obligation to conduct this research to uphold the ORNL legacy," Ivanov explained.

Unlocking the mysteries of promethium

The research team, led by ORNL scientists, prepared a chemical complex of promethium, enabling its characterization in solution for the first time.

Through a series of meticulous experiments, they exposed the secrets of this extremely rare lanthanide, whose atomic number is 61.

Ilja Popovs, another co-lead of the research from ORNL, highlighted the challenges faced in studying promethium, saying, "Because it has no stable isotopes, promethium was the last lanthanide to be discovered and has been the most difficult to study."

Rare earth elements , particularly lanthanides (elements 57-71 on the periodic table), are crucial components in many modern technologies, from lasers and permanent magnets to X-ray screens and cancer-fighting medicines.

However, the lack of understanding surrounding promethium has been a significant gap in scientific knowledge.

Santa Jansone-Popova, also a co-lead of the study from ORNL, emphasized the importance of this research.

"There are thousands of publications on lanthanides' chemistry without promethium. That was a glaring gap for all of science. Scientists have to assume most of its properties. Now we can actually measure some of them," Jansone-Popova enthused.

Collaborative effort across national labs

The success of this research relied on the unique resources and expertise available at DOE national laboratories.

The team utilized a research reactor, hot cells, and supercomputers, as well as the accumulated knowledge and skills of 18 scientists from various fields.

To study promethium's properties, the ORNL scientists bound radioactive promethium-147 with special organic molecules called diglycolamide ligands.

Using X-ray spectroscopy, they determined the length of the promethium chemical bond with neighboring atoms, a first for science and a long-missing piece of the periodic table puzzle.

Promethium is incredibly rare; only about a pound occurs naturally in the Earth's crust at any given time. Unlike other rare earth elements , only minute quantities of synthetic promethium are available due to its lack of stable isotopes. ORNL is the sole producer of promethium-147 in the United States.

Understanding Lanthanide Contraction

One of the most significant findings of this study was the first demonstration of lanthanide contraction in solution for the entire lanthanide series, including promethium.

Lanthanide contraction refers to the phenomenon where elements with atomic numbers between 57 and 71 are smaller than expected, with their ionic radii decreasing as atomic numbers increase.

"It's really astonishing from a scientific viewpoint. I was struck once we had all the data. The contraction of this chemical bond accelerates along this atomic series, but after promethium, it considerably slows down," Ivanov noted.

This is an important landmark in understanding the chemical bonding properties of these elements and their structural changes along the periodic table.

Implications for modern technology

The discovery of promethium's properties has far-reaching implications for modern technology.

Many rare earth elements, including those in the lanthanide and actinide series, have applications ranging from cancer diagnostics and treatment to renewable energy technologies and long-lived nuclear batteries for deep space exploration.

Jansone-Popova highlighted the importance of this achievement in the separation of these valuable elements.

"You cannot utilize all these lanthanides as a mixture in modern advanced technologies, because first you need to separate them," Jansone-Popova explained.

"This is where the contraction becomes very important; it basically allows us to separate them, which is still quite a difficult task."

Promethium ushers in a new rare earth era

The team's achievement sets the stage for a new era of research in rare earth elements .

"Anything that we would call a modern marvel of technology would include, in one shape or another, these rare earth elements. We are adding the missing link," Popovs concluded.

In summary, this important research on promethium opens a new frontier in the exploration of rare earth elements.

By unlocking the secrets of this elusive element, the team has filled a significant gap in scientific knowledge and paved the way for future discoveries.

The implications of this study extend far beyond the realm of basic science, as promethium and other rare earth elements play a crucial role in modern technologies, from medical applications to renewable energy and space exploration.

As scientists continue to build upon this landmark achievement, we can expect to see a new era of innovation and advancement in the fields of chemistry, materials science, and beyond.

The full study was published in the journal Nature .

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Screen Rant

10 times hollywood gave up on movie series.

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10 Movies That Should Have Ended The Franchise

7 major hollywood franchises that should stick to animation (not live-action), 8 movies franchises that were supposed to replace the hunger games.

• The Amazing Spider-Man franchise ended when the character's rights were bought by Disney.
• The Jack Reacher movie series failed due to poor reception and was overshadowed by a TV show reboot.
• The Percy Jackson movies received backlash and the franchise was later successfully rebooted as a TV show.

Hollywood movie franchises have been known to give up on the series part-way through, due to box office bombs or other circumstances. Several independent superhero movies ended when the rights to the character were bought by Disney, after struggling to compete with the MCU. Other sequels languished in development hell for years before the people involved with the project finally admitted that the next movie was never happening.

These planned movies' cancellations may have come as a relief or a disappointment to audiences. People will argue that certain unfinished movie franchises are still worth watching , especially when downright terrible reviews were not the reason the franchise was not completed. Some series were never finished because the actors or directors became busy with other projects. However, this is typically symptomatic of the most recent movie not being that great and the people involved losing interest in it as a result.

Some of these franchises are still ongoing, and though many continue to make money at the box office, it's clear where the stories should've stopped.

10 The Amazing Spider-Man

Andrew garfield's spider-man series ended after two movies when the rights were bought by disney..

Spider-Man famously saw multiple reboots within a short period, leading up to the character being incorporated into the MCU. The trilogy starring Tobey Maguire had a strong run until its widely criticized third installment, after which Andrew Garfield starred in two The Amazing Spider-Man movies, which achieved average reviews but objective box office success. Garfield and other actors' performances are the movies' biggest strengths, even if other writing decisions proved to be divisive. Leading up to the release of The Amazing Spider-Man 2 , a sequel was all but confirmed.

However, The Amazing Spider-Man coincided with the growing dominance of the MCU. The Amazing Spider-Man 3 was then canceled when Garfield was fired from the role after failing to appear at a significant press event, and Sony finally sold Spider-Man to Disney. Disney managed to add Spider-Man to the MCU in record time, with Tom Holland debuting as Peter Parker in 2016's Captain America: Civil War , only two years after Garfield was last seen in the role.

9 Jack Reacher

The jack reacher movie sequel failed before the franchise was overtaken by a reboot..

On paper, a Jack Reacher movie franchise starring Tom Cruise is a surefire win. It is exactly the kind of role Cruise is known for and there is a substantial amount of source material, with Lee Child's series to comprise 29 books and a short story collection as of October 2024. However, the dramatic failure of Jack Reacher: Never Go Back spelled doom for this adaptation. Director Edward Zwick blamed himself for Jack Reacher's failure , stating he did not understand what audiences wanted from the movie.

The longer gap between the first and second Jack Reacher movies suggests that they were playing each sequel by ear, and Never Go Back's awful reception told them it was hopeless. Meanwhile, Amazon produced a much more popular Reacher TV show, while Cruise returned to working on Top Gun and Mission: Impossible . Although it was never officially canceled, it would appear that Jack Reacher 3 is dead.

8 Journey To The Center Of The Earth

Dwayne johnson's new would-be franchise only featured him in one movie..

Johnson confirmed in 2018 that the movie(s) had been officially canceled, to a middling reaction when the franchise never had much of a dedicated fanbase.

Based on Jules Verne's classic adventure novels, the Journey to the Center of the Earth franchise kicked things off with a relatively successful movie of the same name, starring Brendan Fraser and Josh Hutcherson. Later, Dwayne Johnson replaced Fraser as the series' headliner, playing Hutcherson's character's stepfather rather than his uncle. While studio executives might have thought Journey 2: The Mysterious Island could be a solid setup for a series of movies starring Johnson, which seemed likely when Journey 2 was also a hit.

Plans were made for Journey 3: From the Earth to the Moon and Journey 4 to be filmed back to back. However, Journey 3 was abandoned due to problems with the script and Johnson's busy schedule. Johnson confirmed in 2018 that the movie(s) had been officially canceled, to a middling reaction when the franchise never had much of a dedicated fanbase.

7 National Treasure

National treasure was reimagined as a tv show after a long development — then canceled..

National Treasure and National Treasure: Book of Secrets were off-beat but solid action adventure mystery movies for the mid-2000s. With the second movie setting up the page 47 cliffhanger that would serve as the next sequel's plot, National Treasure 3 seemed like a given. However, the movie has now been stuck in development for almost two decades. Meanwhile, Disney+ produced the entertaining but short-lived sequel TV show that was canceled after one season.

In the wake of National Treasure: Edge of History , producer Jerry Bruckheimer suggests that National Treasure 3 could still happen . However, this seems unlikely when lead actor Nicolas Cage has, in no uncertain terms, said that the movie will never exist. Ultimately, if they wanted this movie sequel, they should have fought harder for it in the years following Book of Secrets , before the actors and the industry moved on.

6 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles

The live-action tmnt trilogy ended after the second movie bombed at the box office..

Several Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movies were canceled over the years, perhaps illustrating how the franchise would be better served by animation when the premise is inherently cartoonish. Despite this, the poorly-reviewed, live-action adaptation of the comics that came out in 2014 was a box-office hit. However, its sequel, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows , failed at the box office as well as with critics.

Therefore, the third movie in the reboot series was promptly abandoned. Later on, the animated Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem became the best movie of this franchise, at least in the 21st century, earning a Golden Globe nomination for its efforts. However, despite the failure of the previous live-action TMNT movies, the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Last Ronin comic series is getting an R-rated, live-action adaptation that will come out alongside Mutant Mayhem's sequel.

Hollywood still seems to maintain that live-action is inherently superior, but these big franchises exhibit better storytelling through animation.

5 Percy Jackson & The Olympians

Both percy jackson movies were poorly received, leading to a reboot..

The movie adaptation of Rick Riordan's first Percy Jackson & the Olympian novel is widely hated due to the changes made to the source material that made the story unrecognizable to fans. Despite The Lightning Thief's failures, producers forged ahead with a sequel, releasing Sea of Monsters a reasonable three years later. However, Sea of Monsters also buckled under the weight of the inherent story problems the first movie established, and any dreams of seeing the movie franchise to completion were dashed.

A decade later, Percy Jackson came back strong with a TV show reboot that retained the most essential parts of the books. With an age-appropriate cast and Riordan on board as a consultant, the show has a bright future, with Percy Jackson and the Olympians season 2 now in the works (at the time of writing). In the case of Percy Jackson , abandoning the unpopular movie franchise was doubtlessly the right choice.

4 Fantastic Four

Fantastic four went through the same reboot cycle as spider-man..

Fantastic Four represents a similar phenomenon in Hollywood as Spider-Man , being the two most famous Marvel properties. With such a famous group of superheroes at their disposal, studio executives and filmmakers desperately wanted to make something out of it. However, while Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy is something of a beloved classic and Christopher Nolan's Dark Knight trilogy is just shy of a complete masterpiece, the 2000s Fantastic Four saw mediocre at best reviews and fizzled out after two movies, despite there being plans for more.

The series' branding was complicated when Chris Evans became infinitely more famous for playing the MCU's Captain America at the beginning of the 2010s. 20th Century then produced a Fantastic Four reboot in 2015 with a new cast in what was ultimately a futile attempt to see some success with Marvel's biggest property before admitting defeat and selling out to Disney. The MCU is now working on adding Fantastic Four to its lineup, with Pedro Pascal and Vanessa Kirby in the lead roles.

Guillermo del Toro & Neil Marshall's demon superhero series has a rocky history.

From the macabre mind of Guillermo del Toro, in partnership with his co-director Neil Marshall, came a bizarre superhero movie about a demon summoned by the Nazis who is rescued by the Allies and grows up to become a hero. Hellboy was never a massive blockbuster, but the first two movies in the franchise were profitable and well-reviewed. However, Hellboy 3 was canceled after a decade in development due to del Toro's busy schedule and problems securing funding.

Symptomatic of Hollywood's oversaturation with reboots, Marshall directed a reboot that came out shortly after it was confirmed that del Toro's sequel was not happening. While David Harbour seemed like the perfect person to take over from Ron Perlman, the Hellboy reboot was a decided failure. In addition to the movie's lackluster writing, the strange premise's time and place may have simply faded into history.

2 Divergent

A decrease in genre interest and a weak story led to divergent's early end..

Despite the largely derivative story, Divergent initially seemed like it would be just as strong of a franchise.

Riding on the coattails of The Hunger Games , one of the most successful blockbuster franchises of the 2010s, Divergent benefited from the popularity of the young adult dystopian genre at the time. Despite the largely derivative story, Divergent initially seemed like it would be just as strong of a franchise. Lead actress Shailene Woodley had already starred in Best Picture nominee The Descendants alongside George Clooney when the series began, while other A-listers took on supporting roles.

However, Divergent's story problems started to overshadow its marketability with the second movie, while there was a downturn in YA dystopias with the end of The Hunger Games . The third Divergent movie received the worst reviews yet, leaving studio executives scrambling to complete the series. While there was talk of wrapping things up with a TV movie, most of the cast left the franchise, and the final movie was eventually scrapped.

Movie franchises including Divergent, The Maze Runner, and Mortal Engines had hopes of being the next Hunger Games but didn't live up to the hype.

1 The Chronicles of Narnia

The silver chair was in development for years before netflix bought narnia..

The movie adaptation of C. S. Lewis' classic fantasy novel The Lion, the Witch & the Wardrobe proved to be as magical and spectacular as fans could have hoped for, becoming a critical and box office hit. This guaranteed a sequel, but the massive changes to the book made for Prince Caspian did not entirely work out in its favor. While the movie still made a profit, the fact that it did not make as much of a profit as its predecessor was the defining point.

The next movie, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader , was already dealing with one of the more difficult Narnia books to adapt and bombed at the box office. Despite this, The Silver Chair was in development for years before Netflix bought the rights to the series, with Joe Johnston slated to direct and Millie Bobby Brown being offered the lead role. The Chronicles of Narnia has a complicated history in Hollywood, making some wonder if the movie franchise should have been canceled just to make another one.

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A Love Letter To The Ocean

Oceans cover nearly 75% of the Earth. While they seem vast and frightening, they're also enchanting and whimsical. This hour, TED speakers dive into stories of connection — and even love — in the sea.

A love story... that begins with a sea urchin

by  Manoush Zomorodi ,  Katie Monteleone ,  Sanaz Meshkinpour

What can we learn from the sex lives of fish?

by  Manoush Zomorodi ,  James Delahoussaye ,  Sanaz Meshkinpour

Why the strange and wonderful parrot fish is in trouble

by  Manoush Zomorodi ,  Fiona Geiran ,  Sanaz Meshkinpour

Could snail venom someday save your life?

by  Manoush Zomorodi ,  Rachel Faulkner White ,  Sanaz Meshkinpour

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