travel canada unvaccinated

Traveling to Canada from the U.S.? Here's what you need to know first

ALBANY – The United States will begin reopening its land border to vaccinated Canadian travelers Nov. 8, marking an end to a closure that stretches back to the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic.

But those who live in the U.S. have already been able to cross into their neighboring country to the north since Aug. 9, so long as they follow a set of rules set by the Canadian government.

Among them: You have to be fully vaccinated for most nonessential travel. And you'll still have to get a test.

Here's what you need to know before traveling to Canada from the U.S.

Vaccination required for nonessential travel to Canada

If your travel isn't considered essential, Canada requires you to be fully vaccinated by the time you enter the country.

That means you must be at least 14 days removed from your second Moderna or Pfizer shot, or 14 days removed from your sole Johnson & Johnson shot. (The Canadian government also accepts the AstraZeneca vaccine, which has not been approved in the U.S.)

The 14-day period must be concluded before your first day of travel to Canada.

Unvaccinated travelers under the age of 12 can still enter Canada without having to quarantine so long as they are accompanied by a vaccinated traveler. If they are over the age of 5, they will still have to complete a testing requirement.

Testing required for travel to Canada, too

All travelers to Canada, regardless of their vaccination status or their citizenship, also have to show proof of a recent, negative COVID test before entering, according to the Canadian government.

And it can't be a rapid antigen test, either.

Canada requires travelers to take a molecular test before entering, which includes PCR tests. That will require some planning, since the time it will take to get your results will vary depending on location.

You have to take the molecular test within 72 hours of your arrival to Canada if you're arriving by land or sea. For air travel, it's within 72 hours of your scheduled departure flight.

The testing requirement applies to all travelers age 5 or older.

Had COVID recently? The testing rules are a bit different

If you had COVID within the last six months, the rules are a bit different.

Those traveling to Canada can show prove of a positive COVID test to be eligible for entry, so long as that test was from at least 14 days prior and as many as 180 days prior.

That's meant to cover those who have recovered from COVID and are no longer infectious, as well as those who continue to test positive long after recovering.

How do you show proof of vaccination to get into Canada?

With very limited exceptions, vaccinated travelers are required to use an application called ArriveCAN.

There, users can upload proof of their vaccination status before hitting the border crossing.

ArriveCAN can be downloaded in the Apple and Android app stores, or it can be accessed online .

What about unvaccinated travelers?

There are certain circumstances where the Canadian government will allow unvaccinated U.S. citizens to enter, including if they have a close family member (like a spouse) who is a Canadian citizen living in Canada.

But in many of those circumstances, the person traveling to Canada must commit to a 14-day quarantine upon entering the country.

To check if you're eligible to enter the country and what the requirements are once you arrive, visit the Canadian government's website .

More: US will allow vaccinated foreign tourists to enter Nov. 8, launching new international travel system

Jon Campbell is the New York State Team editor for the USA TODAY Network. He can be reached at [email protected] or on Twitter at @JonCampbellGAN.

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Freedom of flight: Unvaccinated passengers now able to board flights in Canada

Suspension of the federal government’s travel vaccine mandate took effect on Monday, which allows unvaccinated Canadians to be able to fly again within the country.

An estimated 20 per cent of Saskatchewan residents haven’t been able to fly since last fall because they didn’t meet federal government vaccination requirements.

“Having an extra one fifth of the available population to be able to utilize YQR when they’re ready is going to be a massive windfall not just for our airport but for the local GDP and economy,” said James Bogusz, CEO of the Regina Airport Authority.

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Travel agents say there has been an upsurge of people wanting to fly but those flying internationally still need to pay close attention to the rules.

“[You should know] if there’s any additional testing requirements that you have to go through if you’re not vaccinated,” said Shannan Schill of CAA Travel.

The federal government said its decision was based on science and it will continue to monitor the situation.

“If things change in the fall, we may again have to adjust our measures,” said Minister of Transport Omar Alghabra.

The federal government may choose to examine the definition of fully vaccinated should it ever decide to re-impose a mandate.

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These countries have opened their doors to unvaccinated tourists from Canada

The federal government will be lifting vaccine mandates for air travel as of June 20, allowing unvaccinated travellers to fly for the first time since October 2021.

But not all destinations are accessible to unvaccinated travellers, as some countries, such as the United States and Australia, still require foreign tourists to present proof of being fully vaccinated.

Other countries may impose quarantine or testing requirements for unvaccinated tourists. Canada also requires unvaccinated Canadian citizens and permanent residents returning home to quarantine for 14 days and have a pre-entry COVID-19 test result, followed by tests on arrival.

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Here are some countries that have opened their doors to unvaccinated tourists:

UNITED KINGDOM

Testing required? No

In March, the U.K. lifted all of its COVID-19 measures at the border , being one of the earliest countries to do so. Unvaccinated travellers can visit the U.K. without needing to quarantine, take a COVID-19 test or face any other restrictions.

Italy's vaccine mandate for foreign and EU travellers was lifted as of June 1 . Unvaccinated travellers no longer have to quarantine or show proof of a COVID-19 test.

Testing required? Yes (PCR or antigen tests)

While travel restrictions were eased in February, unvaccinated Canadians visiting France still need to provide proof of a negative test taken prior to arrival. The test must be a PCR test taken within 72 hours before departure or an antigen test taken 48 hours prior.

Canada is on the list of "green" countries, which the French government defines as countries where "no active circulation of the virus is observed and no variants of concern are identified." Travellers arriving in from an "orange" country, or a country not on the "green" list, must present a "compelling reason to justify the need to come to France" and may be subject to a random test upon arrival.

Germany lifted all of its remaining COVID-19 restrictions on June 11. However, all travellers from countries classified by the German government as "virus variant area" will be required to take a PCR test prior to entry and quarantine for 14 days. But as of June 16, no countries are designated as such.

Testing required? Yes

All travellers, regardless of vaccine status or citizenship, are required to submit proof of a PCR test taken within 72 hours of flight departure. Upon arrival, those visiting Japan from Canada and other countries designated as "blue" won't need to quarantine. However, unvaccinated visitors from "red" or "yellow" countries may need to quarantine three to seven days and take another COVId-19 test upon arrival.

Testing required? Yes (PCR tests only)

Unvaccinated travellers are welcome, but as of February, travellers without a vaccine certificate are required to upload proof of a PCR test taken 72 hours prior to boarding the flight. Upon arrival, travellers may be subject to random COVID-19 testing.

There are no vaccine mandates for Canadians wishing to vacation in Cuba and unvaccinated travellers won't need to provide proof of a COVID-19 test or quarantine. However, travellers to Cuba must also complete an online health declaration form prior to entry, similar to the ArriveCan app for travellers entering Canada.

There are no testing or quarantine requirements for unvaccinated Canadian travellers visiting Mexico. Mexico previously required inbound travellers to fill out a health declaration form, but this requirement was removed back in March.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

Testing required? No, but those who test are exempt from random testing

Travellers from Canada hoping to hit the beaches of Punta Cana won't need to show a proof of vaccine or proof of a COVID-19 test, but they may be randomly selected to undergo a COVID-19 test upon arrival. However, if you have proof of vaccination or a negative PCR or antigen test taken 72 hours before arrival, you can be exempted from the random test.

In April, Jamaica dropped its testing requirements at the border as well as its indoor mask mandate. Jamaica has also never required travellers to be vaccinated against COVID-19.

Unvaccinated travellers will need to obtain proof of a PCR test taken 72 hours prior to boarding their flight to The Bahamas. But starting June 19, unvaccinated travellers will also be able to use a cheaper rapid antigen test.

The country had also required unvaccinated individuals travelling between the Bahamian islands to take a COVID-19 test before embarking, but this requirement was dropped in April. Travellers as of June 19 will also no longer need to apply for a Bahamas Travel Health Visa in order to enter the country.

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Canada Drops Vaccine Requirements, Visitors No Longer Need To Quarantine

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After two years Canada is finally allowing Americans who are unvaccinated into the country without quarantining. And making it simpler for vaccinated travelers as well.

On September 30th Canada will lift its vaccine requirements for visitors. Also on September 30th, Canada will end random COVID arrival tests and make it optional for visitors to use the ArriveCan app. However, everyone will be required to continue to wear masks on planes to and from Canada as well as public transportation.

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has been under pressure by voters and politicians to lift restrictions. The opposing party’s Pierre Poilivere has been campaigning for Canada to drop the ArriveCan app and lift all COVID restrictions.

Since March of 2020, the U.S.-Canada border has been shut down since the start of the pandemic. In August 2021 Canada reopened its border but Canada’s restrictions and enforcement had many differences from the United States’ policies.

The U.S. and Canada both require foreign visitors to be vaccinated to enter the country. However, Canada will allow unvaccinated travelers to enter the country under the requirement that the visitor must quarantine for 14 days. At the moment, foreign travelers that are vaccinated must upload their COVID-19 documentation through the ArriveCan app before entering Canada.

Canadian and U.S. officials have petitioned Trudeau and Biden to lift border restrictions and restore their policies to a pre-pandemic state. Also, current restrictions are hurting the economies of those communities along the borders.

There is also push from business leaders and government officials in the United States to lift COVID-19 restrictions. As the restrictions are also affecting local economies and communities in the U.S. as well. Only time will tell if the U.S. will follow in Canada’s lead to restore policies to pre-pandemic times.

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The novel coronavirus, first detected at the end of 2019, has caused a global pandemic.

The Coronavirus Crisis

Americans will soon be able to go to their 2nd most popular travel destination.

Deepa Shivaram

Traffic enters Canada from the United States at the Peace Arch Border Crossing in Blaine, Wash., in 2019. Vaccinated Americans will be able to travel to Canada, starting Aug. 9. Elaine Thompson/AP hide caption

Traffic enters Canada from the United States at the Peace Arch Border Crossing in Blaine, Wash., in 2019. Vaccinated Americans will be able to travel to Canada, starting Aug. 9.

Americans who have been vaccinated for at least 14 days will be able to travel to Canada, their second most popular destination, starting Aug. 9, the Canadian government has announced . Mexico, the most popular travel destination, is already open for travel.

The Pandemic Closed The Border, And This Engaged Couple Was Stuck On Opposite Sides

Both Canada and the U.S. closed their borders in March 2020. Now Canada is opening its borders back up — to Americans first, as a preliminary step before opening up the country to all travelers who are vaccinated on Sept. 7.

"At every step, the safety of Canadians will continue to be our top priority," Prime Minister Justin Trudeau tweeted Monday night.

Summer Travel Options Outside The U.S. Are Still Up In The Air As COVID Cases Rise

Patty Hajdu, Canada's health minister, said in a news release that "with rising vaccination rates and fewer cases in Canada, we can begin to safely ease border measures." Hajdu added that a "gradual approach to reopening will allow our health authorities to monitor the COVID-19 situation here and abroad."

Canada's Taking It Slow On Reopening Its Border To Travelers From The U.S. Here's Why

While all travelers will still have to take a pre-arrival test for the coronavirus and will have to post their travel information through the ArriveCAN portal , they will no longer have to quarantine upon arrival. They also will not need to take an additional coronavirus test after arriving unless they are randomly selected to do so.

Requirements for Americans to enter Canada for nonessential travel:

Be fully vaccinated at least 14 days before entering Canada.
Provide COVID-19 information through ArriveCAN portal.
Have no symptoms upon arrival.
Have proof of vaccination, either paper or digital, which must be in English or French, or with certified translation.
Provide a quarantine plan in case requirements are not met upon arrival.

Source: Public Health Agency of Canada

Travelers will still be required to have proof of their vaccination status, either a digital or paper copy, and a prepared quarantine plan once in the country in case they arrive at the border and it is determined they do not meet the requirements.

The new guidance from Canada also allows unvaccinated children under the age of 12 and dependents of fully vaccinated travelers to be exempt from quarantining upon arrival, but they cannot participate in group activities, including camps or day care centers.

Here & Now

Frustrated state lawmakers are pushing to reopen u.s.-canada border.

As of now U.S. borders are still closed to Canadian and Mexican travelers. Last month, the Department of Homeland Security tweeted that the U.S. would extend restrictions on nonessential travel until July 21.

Asked in a briefing Monday if the United States would reciprocate on opening its border to Canada, White House press secretary Jen Psaki said, "We are continuing to review our travel restrictions. Any decisions about resuming travel will be guided by our public health and medical experts."

coronavirus

Canada Lifts Covid Vaccine Mandate For International Travelers

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Canada will drop its Covid-19 vaccine requirement for visitors entering the country starting October 1, officials announced Monday, reopening the Canadian border to unvaccinated travelers for the first time since the worldwide coronavirus vaccination campaign began.

Canada will lift its Covid vaccine requirement for travel on October 1.

Canadian and foreign travelers will no longer need to submit proof of vaccination or pre-travel testing or go into quarantine or isolation upon entering the country starting Saturday.

In a statement on Monday, Canada’s Public Health Agency said the country is lifting the requirements due to its high vaccination rate along with low coronavirus hospitalization and death rates, increased availability of vaccine boosters and rapid tests, and the peak of the BA.4 and BA.5 coronavirus waves passing.

The move comes one week after Canadian members of Parliament and border-city mayors wrote a letter calling on Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and U.S. President Joe Biden to lift “unnecessary” travel restrictions that they argue have hurt border cities even as “both countries have largely returned to normal daily life.”

Canada now joins a list of 85 countries and territories without Covid-19 entry requirements, following similar moves by Japan last month, as well as Mexico, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Jamaica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Argentina and Chile.

Non-U.S. citizens traveling into the United States by air, sea or land still need to be fully vaccinated under U.S. policy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention requires full vaccination (not including a booster dose) for non-U.S. citizens before boarding a flight, with limited exceptions for children under 18, people traveling for foreign government work and people with certain medical conditions that prevent them from receiving a vaccine.

Key Background

Covid-19 cases in Canadian provinces are well below their January peak, and Covid-related hospitalizations are also on the decline, according to government data . Roughly 85.4% of Canadians have received at least one dose of the vaccine, while 82% (31.39 million) have completed their primary dose series. Despite the high vaccination rate, Canadian officials had come under fire for strict vaccine mandates at the country’s border with the United States, most notably in January, when truck drivers unhappy with the vaccine rules protested across the country and formed a disruptive blockade in Ottawa. Trudeau invoked emergency measures to disband the blockade. Prior to Monday’s announcement, Canada had required full primary vaccination for non-Canadian citizens entering the country, with only a few exceptions for workers like fishermen, as well as people coming for medical treatment, people with medical conditions and people coming for funerals.

What To Watch For

Canada’s Health Minister Jean-Yves Duclos thanked Canadians for high vaccination rates, but said “we expect Covid-19 and other respiratory viruses will continue to circulate over the cold months.” He urged people to get vaccine booster shots and “exercise individual public health measures.”

Travelling to or within Canada? The rules have changed. Here's what you need to know

Vaccinated travellers exempt from quarantine still need to adhere to a number of rules.

Social Sharing

Passport? Check. Plane ticket? Check. What about your vaccination documents and COVID-19 test results? Thanks to the pandemic, entering Canada now requires a lengthy checklist.

"You definitely have to be prepared and it's not going to be the usual experience," said Senka Dukovich of Toronto, who flew home from Croatia earlier this month.

Even domestic travellers may face challenges when entering certain provinces.

Here's what you need to know about travelling to or within Canada, with the help of some Canadians who've already hit the road.

Travelling to Canada

Anyone currently allowed to enter Canada can skip the 14-day quarantine if they meet the country's requirements for being fully vaccinated. That means two doses of either the Pfizer, Moderna or AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccines, or one dose of the Johnson & Johnson product, at least 14 days before arriving.

Most foreigners are still barred from entering Canada but, as of Aug. 9 , fully vaccinated U.S. citizens and permanent residents living in that country will be able to visit, and they won't have to quarantine.

The federal government said it plans to allow fully vaccinated travellers from all other countries to enter Canada and skip quarantine on Sept. 7.

However, all fully vaccinated travellers allowed to enter still face other requirements.

Dukovich, her husband Ted Read, and their five-year-old granddaughter Ksenija Callaghan, travelled to Croatia in June to visit family.

They had a two-day stopover in Paris before their final flight back to Canada on July 7, which meant the trio had to take COVID-19 tests during their stopover.

Travellers to Canada — even those who are fully vaccinated — must provide proof of a negative COVID-19 molecular test taken within 72 hours of arrival. Air passengers need to take the test within 72 hours of the scheduled departure time of their final direct flight to Canada.

Dukovich was pleased to discover that — at the time — France provided free COVID-19 tests.

"We got three COVID tests [for free] that would have cost at least $400," she said. "No hassles, no waits, no appointment."

However, Canadians departing France now won't be so lucky; on July 7, the country stopped providing free tests to tourists outside the EU.

Fully vaccinated tourists will soon be able to visit Canada again

Travellers to Canada must submit their travel information to the federal government using the ArriveCAN app or by registering online within 72 hours before their arrival.

"You had to upload documentation for both your first and second dose," said Dukovich who submitted the family's application from a hotel room in Paris. "We just had our phone, so you can imagine, trying to do this on the little phone."

When travellers finish inputting their information, they're emailed a receipt to show a Canadian border officer upon arrival, along with their COVID-19 test results and any vaccination documents.

On July 9, Shawn Plancke, a Canadian who lives in Barcelona, flew to Halifax with his wife, Samantha McGuinness, and three children. He advises travellers to pack hard copies of their documents before departing for Canada.

"I know this is going against society these days, but print it out," he said. "I would not have wanted to be flipping through my phone [for documents]."

Currently, both land and air travellers will be tested for COVID-19 upon arrival in Canada, or be given a home test kit. The federal government provides the tests for free and travellers can pre-register online to save time.

However, starting Aug. 9., fully vaccinated travellers will not need a post-arrival test unless they have been randomly selected to take one.

Travellers to Canada are required to use <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ArriveCAN?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ArriveCAN</a> to submit their <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Covid19?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Covid19</a> information electronically. This includes travel history and proof of vaccination. You must enter your info within 72 hours before you arrive.<a href="https://t.co/duPKWrfMud">https://t.co/duPKWrfMud</a> <a href="https://t.co/w5RFdPdJdh">pic.twitter.com/w5RFdPdJdh</a> — @GovCanHealth

Dukovich and her family landed in Montreal. She said they received home test kits instead of an on-site test, because they had a connecting flight to Toronto.

"On the way out, they just handed us kits like they were giving you a lunch box," said Dukovich.

At home, she had to go online and be guided by a nurse via video conference who provided instructions including "counting down the seconds you have to have the swab in your nose," said Dukovich.

That same day, Purolator picked up the tests.

Travelling with children

Fully vaccinated travellers don't have to quarantine while waiting for their test results. But Dukovich thought that she and her husband were required to, because their five-year-old granddaughter — who's staying with them — isn't vaccinated.

Children under 12 are currently not allowed to get vaccinated in Canada.

It was only on day three of their quarantine that Dukovich learned from a quarantine officer that only her granddaughter had to quarantine.

"That was a relief," said Dukovich. "My husband and I are free to go out."

Unvaccinated travellers — or those who got a vaccine currently not recognized by the Canadian government — must quarantine for 14 days. Those entering by air must also spend up to three of those days in a quarantine hotel — a rule that will end on Aug. 9.

However, unvaccinated children under 18 can head home with their vaccinated parents. Currently, they must quarantine — even though their parents can leave the house. But that rule will also change on Aug. 9, when the government will start allowing unvaccinated children under 12 to skip quarantine — as long as they avoid group settings such as school, camps and daycares for 14 days.

Travelling within Canada

The rules can also be complex for domestic travellers.

Air passengers travelling within Canada don't have to take a pre-arrival COVID-19 test.

However, Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , Newfoundland and Labrador , Manitoba and the territories still require some inter-provincial travellers to quarantine.

The rules can vary depending on your vaccination status and/or where you're travelling from. For example, most of the Atlantic provinces now allow travellers from within Atlantic Canada to enter, regardless of their vaccination status.

The rest of Canada can skip quarantine in the Atlantic provinces if fully vaccinated or, in the case of New Brunswick and Newfoundland and Labrador, have at least one dose.

Fully vaccinated travellers can also skip quarantine in Manitoba and the territories.

Border restrictions for fully vaccinated Canadians loosen, but plan for wider reopening remains unclear
Travel restrictions end in Atlantic Canada, bringing Christmas in July for separated families

Manitoba, Yukon and the Atlantic provinces also exempt from quarantine unvaccinated children under 12 — if all their vaccinated guardians meet the exemption requirement. In Nova Scotia, the rule applies to unvaccinated children ages 18 and younger.

However, because traveller Plancke and his family flew from Barcelona to Halifax, his three children must follow the current federal rules and quarantine for 14 days — despite that fact that both parents are fully vaccinated.

"It's quite confusing when you have strict stricter rules, federally, and then you have other rules provincially," said Plancke.

The provinces and territories listed here may have further requirements for tourists, so travellers to those regions should check the rules online before packing their bags.

For example, the Atlantic provinces require certain visitors to pre-register, and travellers to Nunavut must first get authorization. Also, the Northwest Territories still bars most leisure travellers.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Business reporter

Based in Toronto, Sophia Harris covers consumer and business for CBC News web, radio and TV. She previously worked as a CBC videojournalist in the Maritimes where she won an Atlantic Journalism Award for her work. Contact: [email protected]

@sophiaharrisCBC

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Ask a Travel Nerd: Can I Travel Without a COVID Vaccine?

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Table of Contents

Domestic travel for unvaccinated travelers

International travel for unvaccinated travelers, final thoughts on traveling without a covid vaccine.

Between constantly changing entry requirements, mandated quarantines, testing rules and vaccine provisions, traveling during the COVID-19 pandemic isn’t easy. If you’re not vaccinated, it's even harder. Some countries flat-out don’t admit unvaccinated travelers, while others require a mandatory quarantine and extra tests.

If you plan on traveling and aren't vaccinated, here’s what you need to know.

As recently as Jan. 12, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention continues to recommend delaying travel until you’re fully vaccinated.

Requirements are up to each city and state. For example, while Illinois doesn’t have statewide restrictions, its recommendations differ based on the daily COVID-19 case rates of the state the traveler is arriving from. Unvaccinated travelers arriving from states with higher case rates are encouraged to secure a negative COVID-19 test taken within 72 hours of travel to Illinois. At the city level, unvaccinated travelers going to Chicago are asked to get tested for COVID-19 before and after arrival and to quarantine upon arrival.

Meanwhile, all travelers 16 and older who enter California via Los Angeles International Airport, Van Nuys Airport or Los Angeles Union Station are required to fill out a City of Los Angeles Traveler Form, agreeing to follow CDC travel guidance — or face up to a $500 fine.

Other states may be more flexible and have no recommendations or requirements related to vaccination, quarantine, forms or testing for visitors.

Tips for traveling domestically without a vaccine

If the required time frame for getting a COVID-19 test ahead of travel is less than 24 hours, check if an urgent care center near you offers a rapid results option. In addition, check if a PCR and/or antigen test will be accepted. Generally, results from an antigen test can be provided faster. If you have insurance, the test may be covered.

Before heading to your intended destination, check the city and state requirements and recommendations, because they may differ (like Chicago and Illinois). Find out if your destination has any special requirements based on the state you’re arriving from.

Some businesses require proof of vaccination for entry. Be prepared to be turned away from restaurants, bars, stores and other establishments if this is the case.

Check if there are any ongoing testing requirements. For example, unvaccinated travelers staying in Puerto Rico longer than a week must submit weekly COVID-19 test results.

» Learn more: The majority of Americans plan to travel this year, according to recent NerdWallet study

Traveling internationally may present a greater number of obstacles, especially due to different systems and a potential language barrier. Some countries don't allow unvaccinated travelers to enter, period . For example, travel to the majority of European countries is possible only to those who are vaccinated. If you’re not vaccinated, make sure the country you want to visit will allow you entry.

In addition, before returning to the U.S., you’re required to provide proof of a negative COVID-19 test taken within one day of the flight's departure. While abroad, you’ll need to go to a COVID-19 testing center. Unlike getting tested in the U.S., COVID-19 tests abroad aren't covered by insurance, so you'll need to budget for the out-of-pocket cost .

Furthermore, you should book your accommodations wisely. Does the hotel you want to stay at allow unvaccinated guests? Will you be able to dine at the hotel restaurant? Can you use the spa or gym facilities? These are important questions you’ll need to consider before booking an international hotel stay.

Scrutinize your access to activities and other places you’d like to visit during your trip, too, like restaurants and museums. On my recent trip to Germany, I had to show my proof of vaccination and identification in every bar, restaurant, shop and hotel I entered.

If you’re unvaccinated, you may be refused entry to all these places, which can ruin your trip.

Tips for traveling internationally without a vaccine

Get travel insurance with Cancel For Any Reason coverage since entry requirements are changing constantly. What happens if you book a nonrefundable flight and hotel, and a week before your departure, your destination stops allowing in unvaccinated travelers? If you have travel insurance with CFAR, you’ll be able to cancel your trip and get your nonrefundable deposits back so long as changes aren’t made at the last minute. For example, with CFAR coverage from Berkshire Hathaway Travel Protection, "you may only be eligible if you purchase CFAR at the time of your base policy purchase, insure your full trip cost, and cancel more than 48 hours prior to departure," according to the company's website.

Confirm entry eligibility for your must-have experiences, like restaurants, museums, shopping malls or bars and clubs. Double-check that your hotel will allow you entry as well.

Research COVID-19 testing sites in the area before departure. Will you need to travel far to get your test? Consider travel time when making a test appointment.

Check if there's an app that your destination country uses that will accept your pre-departure negative COVID-19 test result. This step could make it easier to visit any bars, hotels, shops, restaurants and museums you’d like to check out.

Traveling domestically and internationally may pose a new set of challenges for those who are unvaccinated. Be sure to keep up to date with the latest requirements to make sure that your trip goes smoothly. International travel may result in many more difficulties, so if you’re not prepared to deal with all the uncertainties of being abroad, consider travel to a location within the U.S.

How to maximize your rewards

You want a travel credit card that prioritizes what’s important to you. Here are our picks for the best travel credit cards of 2023 , including those best for:

Flexibility, point transfers and a large bonus: Chase Sapphire Preferred® Card

No annual fee: Bank of America® Travel Rewards credit card

Flat-rate travel rewards: Capital One Venture Rewards Credit Card

Bonus travel rewards and high-end perks: Chase Sapphire Reserve®

Luxury perks: The Platinum Card® from American Express

Business travelers: Ink Business Preferred® Credit Card

on Chase's website

1x-5x 5x on travel purchased through Chase Travel℠, 3x on dining, select streaming services and online groceries, 2x on all other travel purchases, 1x on all other purchases.

75,000 Earn 75,000 bonus points after you spend $4,000 on purchases in the first 3 months from account opening. That's over $900 when you redeem through Chase Travel℠.

1.5%-5% Enjoy 5% cash back on travel purchased through Chase Travel, 3% cash back on drugstore purchases and dining at restaurants, including takeout and eligible delivery service, and unlimited 1.5% cash back on all other purchases.

Up to $300 Earn an additional 1.5% cash back on everything you buy (on up to $20,000 spent in the first year) - worth up to $300 cash back!

on Capital One's website

2x-5x Earn unlimited 2X miles on every purchase, every day. Earn 5X miles on hotels and rental cars booked through Capital One Travel, where you'll get Capital One's best prices on thousands of trip options.

75,000 Enjoy a one-time bonus of 75,000 miles once you spend $4,000 on purchases within 3 months from account opening, equal to $750 in travel.

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Fact Sheets

Frequently Asked Questions: Guidance for Travelers to Enter the U.S.

Updated Date: April 21, 2022

Since January 22, 2022, DHS has required non-U.S. individuals seeking to enter the United States via land ports of entry and ferry terminals at the U.S.-Mexico and U.S.-Canada borders to be fully vaccinated for COVID-19 and provide proof of vaccination upon request.  On April 21, 2022, DHS announced that it would extend these requirements. In determining whether and when to rescind this order, DHS anticipates that it will take account of whether the vaccination requirement for non-U.S. air travelers remains in place.

These requirements apply to non-U.S. individuals who are traveling for essential or non-essential reasons. They do not apply to U.S. citizens, Lawful Permanent Residents, or U.S. nationals.

Effective November 8, 2021, new air travel requirements applied to many noncitizens who are visiting the United States temporarily. These travelers are also required to show proof of COVID-19 vaccination. All air travelers, including U.S. persons, must test negative for COVID-19 prior to departure. Limited exceptions apply. See  CDC guidance  for more details regarding air travel requirements.

Below is more information about what to know before you go, and answers to Frequently Asked Questions about cross-border travel.

Entering the U.S. Through a Land Port of Entry or Ferry Terminal

Q. what are the requirements for travelers entering the united states through land poes.

A:  Before embarking on a trip to the United States, non-U.S. travelers should be prepared for the following:

Possess proof of an approved COVID-19 vaccination as outlined on the  CDC  website.
During border inspection, verbally attest to their COVID-19 vaccination status. 
Bring a  Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative  compliant border crossing document, such as a valid passport (and visa if required), Trusted Traveler Program card, a Department of State-issued Border Crossing Card, Enhanced Driver’s License or Enhanced Tribal Card when entering the country. Travelers (including U.S. citizens) should be prepared to present the WHTI-compliant document and any other documents requested by the CBP officer.

 Q. What are the requirements to enter the United States for children under the age of 18 who can't be vaccinated?

A:  Children under 18 years of age are excepted from the vaccination requirement at land and ferry POEs.

Q: Which vaccines/combination of vaccines will be accepted?

A:  Per CDC guidelines, all Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and authorized vaccines, as well as all vaccines that have an Emergency Use Listing (EUL) from the World Health Organization (WHO), will be accepted.

Accepted Vaccines:

More details are available in CDC guidance  here .
2 weeks (14 days) after your dose of an accepted single-dose COVID-19 vaccine;
2 weeks (14 days) after your second dose of an accepted 2-dose series;
2 weeks (14 days) after you received the full series of an accepted COVID-19 vaccine (not placebo) in a clinical trial;
2 weeks (14 days) after you received 2 doses of any “mix-and-match” combination of accepted COVID-19 vaccines administered at least 17 days apart.

Q. Is the United States requiring travelers to have a booster dose to be considered fully vaccinated for border entry purposes?

A:  No. The CDC guidance for “full vaccination” can be found here.

Q: Do U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents need proof of vaccination to return to the United States via land POEs and ferry terminals?

A:  No. Vaccination requirements do not apply to U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals, or Lawful Permanent Residents (LPRs). Travelers that exhibit signs or symptoms of illness will be referred to CDC for additional medical evaluation.

Q: Is pre- or at-arrival COVID testing required to enter the United States via land POEs or ferry terminals?

A: No, there is no COVID testing requirement to enter the United States via land POE or ferry terminals. In this respect, the requirement for entering by a land POE or ferry terminal differs from arrival via air, where there is a requirement to have a negative test result before departure.

Processing Changes Announced on January 22, 2022 

Q: new changes were recently announced. what changed on january 22.

A:  Since January 22, 2022, non-citizens who are not U.S. nationals or Lawful Permanent Residents have been required to be vaccinated against COVID-19 to enter the United States at land ports of entry and ferry terminals, whether for essential or nonessential purposes. Previously, DHS required that non-U.S. persons be vaccinated against COVID-19 to enter the United States for nonessential purposes.  Effective January 22, all non-U.S. individuals, to include essential travelers, must be prepared to attest to vaccination status and present proof of vaccination to a CBP officer upon request. DHS announced an extension of this policy on April 21, 2022.

Q: Who is affected by the changes announced on January 22?

A: This requirement does not apply to U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals, or U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents. It applies to other noncitizens, such as a citizen of Mexico, Canada, or any other country seeking to enter the United States through a land port of entry or ferry terminal.

Q: Do U.S. citizens need proof of vaccination to return to the United States via land port of entry or ferry terminals?

A: Vaccination requirements do not apply to U.S. Citizens, U.S. nationals or U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents. Travelers that exhibit signs or symptoms of illness will be referred to CDC for additional medical evaluation. 

Q: What is essential travel?

A:  Under the prior policy, there was an exception from temporary travel restrictions for “essential travel.” Essential travel included travel to attend educational institutions, travel to work in the United States, travel for emergency response and public health purposes, and travel for lawful cross-border trade (e.g., commercial truckers). Under current policy, there is no exception for essential travel.

Q: Will there be any exemptions? 

A: While most non-U.S. individuals seeking to enter the United States will need to be vaccinated, there is a narrow list of exemptions consistent with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Order in the air travel context.

Certain categories of individuals on diplomatic or official foreign government travel as specified in the CDC Order
Children under 18 years of age;
Certain participants in certain COVID-19 vaccine trials as specified in the CDC Order;  
Individuals with medical contraindications to receiving a COVID-19 vaccine as specified in the CDC Order;
Individuals issued a humanitarian or emergency exception by the Secretary of Homeland Security;
Individuals with valid nonimmigrant visas (excluding B-1 [business] or B-2 [tourism] visas) who are citizens of a country with limited COVID-19 vaccine availability, as specified in the CDC Order
Members of the U.S. Armed Forces or their spouses or children (under 18 years of age) as specified in the CDC Order; and
Individuals whose entry would be in the U.S. national interest, as determined by the Secretary of Homeland Security.

Q: What documentation will be required to show vaccination status?

A:  Non-U.S. individuals are required to be prepared to attest to vaccination status and present proof of vaccination to a CBP officer upon request regardless of the purpose of travel.

The current documentation requirement remains the same and is available on the CDC website . Documentation requirements for entry at land ports of entry and ferry terminals mirror those for entry by air.

Q: What happens if someone doesn’t have proof of vaccine status?

A: If non-U.S. individuals cannot present proof of vaccination upon request, they will not be admitted into the United States and will either be subject to removal or be allowed to withdraw their application for entry.

Q: Will incoming travelers be required to present COVID-19 test results?

A: There is no COVID-19 testing requirement for travelers at land border ports of entry, including ferry terminals.

Q: What does this mean for those who can't be vaccinated, either due to age or other health considerations? 

A: See CDC guidance for additional information on this topic. Note that the vaccine requirement does not apply to children under 18 years of age.

Q: Does this requirement apply to amateur and professional athletes?

A: Yes, unless they qualify for one of the narrow CDC exemptions.

Q: Are commercial truckers required to be vaccinated?

A: Yes, unless they qualify for one of the narrow CDC exemptions. These requirements also apply to bus drivers as well as rail and ferry operators.

Q. Do you expect border wait times to increase?

A:  As travelers navigate these new travel requirements, wait times may increase. Travelers should account for the possibility of longer than normal wait times and lines at U.S. land border crossings when planning their trip and are kindly encouraged to exercise patience.

To help reduce wait times and long lines, travelers can take advantage of innovative technology, such as facial biometrics and the CBP OneTM mobile application, which serves as a single portal for individuals to access CBP mobile applications and services.

Q: How is Customs and Border Protection staffing the ports of entry? 

A: CBP’s current staffing levels at ports of entry throughout the United States are commensurate with pre-pandemic levels. CBP has continued to hire and train new employees throughout the pandemic. CBP expects some travelers to be non-compliant with the proof of vaccination requirements, which may at times lead to an increase in border wait times. Although trade and travel facilitation remain a priority, we cannot compromise national security, which is our primary mission. CBP Office of Field Operations will continue to dedicate its finite resources to the processing of arriving traffic with emphasis on trade facilitation to ensure economic recovery.

Q: What happens if a vaccinated individual is traveling with an unvaccinated individual? 

A:  The unvaccinated individual (if 18 or over) would not be eligible for admission.

Q: If I am traveling for an essential reason but am not vaccinated can I still enter?

A:  No, if you are a non-U.S. individual. The policy announced on January 22, 2022 applies to both essential and non-essential travel by non-U.S. individual travelers. Since January 22, DHS has required that all inbound non-U.S. individuals crossing U.S. land or ferry POEs – whether for essential or non-essential reasons – be fully vaccinated for COVID-19 and provide related proof of vaccination upon request.

Q: Are sea crew members on vessels required to have a COVID vaccine to disembark?

A:  Sea crew members traveling pursuant to a C-1 or D nonimmigrant visa are not excepted from COVID-19 vaccine requirements at the land border. This is a difference from the international air transportation context.

Entering the U.S. via Air Travel

Q: what are the covid vaccination requirements for air passengers to the united states  .

A:  According to CDC requirements [www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/noncitizens-US-air-travel.html | Link no longer valid], most noncitizens who are visiting the United States temporarily must be fully vaccinated prior to boarding a flight to the United States. These travelers are required to show proof of vaccination. A list of covered individuals is available on the CDC website. 

Q: What are the COVID testing requirements for air passengers to the United States? 

A:  Effective Sunday, June 12 at 12:01 a.m. ET, CDC will no longer require pre-departure COVID-19 testing for U.S.-bound air travelers.

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Canada Traveler View

Travel health notices, vaccines and medicines.

Non-Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

Stay Healthy and Safe

Packing List

After Your Trip

There are no notices currently in effect for Canada.

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Check the vaccines and medicines list and visit your doctor at least a month before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need. If you or your doctor need help finding a location that provides certain vaccines or medicines, visit the Find a Clinic page.

Routine vaccines

Recommendations.

Make sure you are up-to-date on all routine vaccines before every trip. Some of these vaccines include

Chickenpox (Varicella)
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis
Flu (influenza)
Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)

Immunization schedules

All eligible travelers should be up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines. Please see Your COVID-19 Vaccination for more information.

COVID-19 vaccine

Hepatitis A

Consider hepatitis A vaccination for most travelers. It is recommended for travelers who will be doing higher risk activities, such as visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where a traveler might get infected through food or water. It is recommended for travelers who plan on eating street food.

Hepatitis A - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep A

Hepatitis B

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers younger than 60 years old traveling to Canada. Unvaccinated travelers 60 years and older may get vaccinated before traveling to Canada.

Hepatitis B - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep B

Cases of measles are on the rise worldwide. Travelers are at risk of measles if they have not been fully vaccinated at least two weeks prior to departure, or have not had measles in the past, and travel internationally to areas where measles is spreading.

All international travelers should be fully vaccinated against measles with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, including an early dose for infants 6–11 months, according to CDC’s measles vaccination recommendations for international travel .

Measles (Rubeola) - CDC Yellow Book

Canada is free of dog rabies. However, rabies may still be present in wildlife species, particularly bats. CDC recommends rabies vaccination before travel only for people working directly with wildlife. These people may include veterinarians, animal handlers, field biologists, or laboratory workers working with specimens from mammalian species.

Rabies - CDC Yellow Book

Learn actions you can take to stay healthy and safe on your trip. Vaccines cannot protect you from many diseases in Canada, so your behaviors are important.

Eat and drink safely

Food and water standards around the world vary based on the destination. Standards may also differ within a country and risk may change depending on activity type (e.g., hiking versus business trip). You can learn more about safe food and drink choices when traveling by accessing the resources below.

Choose Safe Food and Drinks When Traveling
Water Treatment Options When Hiking, Camping or Traveling
Global Water, Sanitation and Hygiene | Healthy Water
Avoid Contaminated Water During Travel

You can also visit the Department of State Country Information Pages for additional information about food and water safety.

Prevent bug bites

Although Canada is an industrialized country, bug bites here can still spread diseases. Just as you would in the United States, try to avoid bug bites while spending time outside or in wooded areas.

What can I do to prevent bug bites?

Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats.
Use an appropriate insect repellent (see below).
Consider using permethrin-treated clothing and gear if spending a lot of time outside. Do not use permethrin directly on skin.

What type of insect repellent should I use?

FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TICKS AND MOSQUITOES: Use a repellent that contains 20% or more DEET for protection that lasts up to several hours.
Picaridin (also known as KBR 3023, Bayrepel, and icaridin)
Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or para-menthane-diol (PMD)
2-undecanone
Always use insect repellent as directed.

What should I do if I am bitten by bugs?

Avoid scratching bug bites, and apply hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to reduce the itching.
Check your entire body for ticks after outdoor activity. Be sure to remove ticks properly.

What can I do to avoid bed bugs?

Although bed bugs do not carry disease, they are an annoyance. See our information page about avoiding bug bites for some easy tips to avoid them. For more information on bed bugs, see Bed Bugs .

For more detailed information on avoiding bug bites, see Avoid Bug Bites .

Stay safe outdoors

If your travel plans in Canada include outdoor activities, take these steps to stay safe and healthy during your trip:

Stay alert to changing weather conditions and adjust your plans if conditions become unsafe.
Prepare for activities by wearing the right clothes and packing protective items, such as bug spray, sunscreen, and a basic first aid kit.
Consider learning basic first aid and CPR before travel. Bring a travel health kit with items appropriate for your activities.
If you are outside for many hours in the heat, eat salty snacks and drink water to stay hydrated and replace salt lost through sweating.
Protect yourself from UV radiation : use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, wear protective clothing, and seek shade during the hottest time of day (10 a.m.–4 p.m.).
Be especially careful during summer months and at high elevation. Because sunlight reflects off snow, sand, and water, sun exposure may be increased during activities like skiing, swimming, and sailing.
Very cold temperatures can be dangerous. Dress in layers and cover heads, hands, and feet properly if you are visiting a cold location.

Stay safe around water

Swim only in designated swimming areas. Obey lifeguards and warning flags on beaches.
Do not dive into shallow water.
Avoid swallowing water when swimming. Untreated water can carry germs that make you sick.
Practice safe boating—follow all boating safety laws, do not drink alcohol if you are driving a boat, and always wear a life jacket.

Keep away from animals

Most animals avoid people, but they may attack if they feel threatened, are protecting their young or territory, or if they are injured or ill. Animal bites and scratches can lead to serious diseases such as rabies.

Follow these tips to protect yourself:

Do not touch or feed any animals you do not know.
Do not allow animals to lick open wounds, and do not get animal saliva in your eyes or mouth.
Avoid rodents and their urine and feces.
Traveling pets should be supervised closely and not allowed to come in contact with local animals.
If you wake in a room with a bat, seek medical care immediately. Bat bites may be hard to see.

All animals can pose a threat, but be extra careful around dogs, bats, monkeys, sea animals such as jellyfish, and snakes. If you are bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately:

Wash the wound with soap and clean water.
Go to a doctor right away.
Tell your doctor about your injury when you get back to the United States.

Reduce your exposure to germs

Follow these tips to avoid getting sick or spreading illness to others while traveling:

Wash your hands often, especially before eating.
If soap and water aren’t available, clean hands with hand sanitizer (containing at least 60% alcohol).
Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean.
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing.
Try to avoid contact with people who are sick.
If you are sick, stay home or in your hotel room, unless you need medical care.

Avoid sharing body fluids

Diseases can be spread through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, vomit, and semen.

Protect yourself:

Use latex condoms correctly.
Do not inject drugs.
Limit alcohol consumption. People take more risks when intoxicated.
Do not share needles or any devices that can break the skin. That includes needles for tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture.
If you receive medical or dental care, make sure the equipment is disinfected or sanitized.

Know how to get medical care while traveling

Plan for how you will get health care during your trip, should the need arise:

Carry a list of local doctors and hospitals at your destination.
Review your health insurance plan to determine what medical services it would cover during your trip. Consider purchasing travel health and medical evacuation insurance for things your regular insurance will not cover.
Carry a card that identifies, in the local language, your blood type, chronic conditions or serious allergies, and the generic names of any medicines you take.
Bring copies of your prescriptions for medicine and for eye glasses and contact lenses.
Some prescription drugs may be illegal in other countries. Call Canada’s embassy to verify that all of your prescription(s) are legal to bring with you.
Bring all the medicines (including over-the-counter medicines) you think you might need during your trip, including extra in case of travel delays. Ask your doctor to help you get prescriptions filled early if you need to.

Many foreign hospitals and clinics are accredited by the Joint Commission International. A list of accredited facilities is available at their website ( www.jointcommissioninternational.org ).

Select safe transportation

Motor vehicle crashes are the #1 killer of healthy US citizens in foreign countries.

Be smart when you are traveling on foot.

Use sidewalks and marked crosswalks.
Pay attention to the traffic around you, especially in crowded areas.
Remember, people on foot do not always have the right of way in other countries.

Riding/Driving

Choose a safe vehicle.

Choose official taxis or public transportation, such as trains and buses.
Make sure there are seatbelts.
Avoid overcrowded, overloaded, top-heavy buses and minivans.
Avoid riding on motorcycles or motorbikes, especially motorbike taxis. (Many crashes are caused by inexperienced motorbike drivers.)
Choose newer vehicles—they may have more safety features, such as airbags, and be more reliable.
Choose larger vehicles, which may provide more protection in crashes.

Think about the driver.

Do not drive after drinking alcohol or ride with someone who has been drinking.
Consider hiring a licensed, trained driver familiar with the area.
Arrange payment before departing.

Follow basic safety tips.

Wear a seatbelt at all times.
Sit in the back seat of cars and taxis.
When on motorbikes or bicycles, always wear a helmet. (Bring a helmet from home, if needed.)
Do not use a cell phone or text while driving (illegal in many countries).
Travel during daylight hours only, especially in rural areas.
If you choose to drive a vehicle in Canada, learn the local traffic laws and have the proper paperwork.
Get any driving permits and insurance you may need. Get an International Driving Permit (IDP). Carry the IDP and a US-issued driver's license at all times.
Check with your auto insurance policy's international coverage, and get more coverage if needed. Make sure you have liability insurance.
Avoid using local, unscheduled aircraft.
If possible, fly on larger planes (more than 30 seats); larger airplanes are more likely to have regular safety inspections.
Try to schedule flights during daylight hours and in good weather.

Helpful Resources

Road Safety Overseas (Information from the US Department of State): Includes tips on driving in other countries, International Driving Permits, auto insurance, and other resources.

The Association for International Road Travel has country-specific Road Travel Reports available for most countries for a minimal fee.

Maintain personal security

Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home, and always stay alert and aware of your surroundings.

Before you leave

Research your destination(s), including local laws, customs, and culture.
Monitor travel advisories and alerts and read travel tips from the US Department of State.
Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) .
Leave a copy of your itinerary, contact information, credit cards, and passport with someone at home.
Pack as light as possible, and leave at home any item you could not replace.

While at your destination(s)

Carry contact information for the nearest US embassy or consulate .
Carry a photocopy of your passport and entry stamp; leave the actual passport securely in your hotel.
Follow all local laws and social customs.
Do not wear expensive clothing or jewelry.
Always keep hotel doors locked, and store valuables in secure areas.
If possible, choose hotel rooms between the 2nd and 6th floors.

Healthy Travel Packing List

Use the Healthy Travel Packing List for Canada for a list of health-related items to consider packing for your trip. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you.

Why does CDC recommend packing these health-related items?

It’s best to be prepared to prevent and treat common illnesses and injuries. Some supplies and medicines may be difficult to find at your destination, may have different names, or may have different ingredients than what you normally use.

If you are not feeling well after your trip, you may need to see a doctor. If you need help finding a travel medicine specialist, see Find a Clinic . Be sure to tell your doctor about your travel, including where you went and what you did on your trip. Also tell your doctor if you were bitten or scratched by an animal while traveling.

For more information on what to do if you are sick after your trip, see Getting Sick after Travel .

Map Disclaimer - The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement are generally marked.

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Here's What Canada's Travel Restrictions For Unvaccinated People Look Like

Canada's border measures continue to change. ⬇️

The rules around Canada's travel restrictions may have recently changed , but many of the adjustments only apply to people who are fully vaccinated against COVID-19.

The Government of Canada is changing its global travel advisory from a Level 3 to a Level 2, meaning it will no longer warn Canadians to avoid travel for non-essential purposes , but will instead ask them to "exercise a high degree of caution."

"Travellers should understand the risks that are still associated with international travel given the high incidence of Omicron, and take necessary precautions," warns the Public Health Agency of Canada .

Here's what you need to know if you're planning a trip but are not fully vaccinated.

Going abroad

If you're 12 years old plus four months, or older than that, you'll need to be fully vaccinated to take most forms of transportation that'll get you from one country to another, according to the government .

This applies to "domestic or international flights departing from most airports in Canada, including charter and foreign airlines carrying commercial passengers."

If you're planning on travelling by rail, you also need to be fully vaccinated to board Rocky Mountaineer and VIA Rail trains.

If you qualify for an exemption to the mandatory vaccination requirement for air and rail travel, you may need a valid COVID-19 molecular test that has been taken no more than 72 hours before boarding a flight or train.

Returning to Canada

When you're coming back into the country, you'll need a pre-entry test and will need to test on arrival and on day eight of your 14-day quarantine.

Other requirements for unvaccinated travellers include being asymptomatic upon arrival in Canada and having a suitable quarantine plan.

If you don't have a suitable plan, you might have to go to a designated quarantine facility.

When it comes to testing, you'll have to take a pre-entry COVID-19 molecular test.

"Within 72 hours before your arrival to Canada or prior to the scheduled departure of your flight to Canada: take a pre-entry COVID-19 molecular test," says PHAC .

As of February 28, 2022, you can also use a rapid antigen test to meet that pre-entry testing requirement .

However, it must be authorized by the country in which it was purchased and be administered by a laboratory, health care entity or telehealth service the day before your scheduled flight or arrival at the border.

You can also show proof of a positive molecular test result received in the past 10 to 180 days.

All travellers have to use the ArriveCAN app to enter information before entering Canada.

Unvaccinated foreign nationals

As of January 15, 2022, all foreign nationals must be fully vaccinated to enter Canada unless otherwise exempt, according to the government.

"Notable exemptions are included for unvaccinated new permanent residents, refugees, temporary foreign workers in agriculture or food-processing occupations, asylum claimants, and some minors under the age of 18."

Regular travel documents are still required for entry into the country.

Health Canada has a robust website with all the latest information on COVID-19 vaccines and can answer any questions you may have.

This article's cover image was used for illustrative purposes only.

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Summary of NACI statement of May 3, 2024: Guidance on the use of COVID-19 vaccines during the fall of 2024

Download in PDF format (645 KB, 5 pages)

Organization: Public Health Agency of Canada

Date published: 2024-05-03 Cat.: HP5-159/2-2024E-PDF ISSN: 978-0-660-71364-9 Pub.: 240044

All adults 65 years of age or older
Residents of long-term care homes and other congregate living settings
Individuals with underlying medical conditions that place them at higher risk of severe COVID-19, including children with complex health needs
Individuals who are pregnant
Individuals in or from First Nations, Métis and Inuit communities
Members of racialized and other equity-deserving communities
People who provide essential community services
For previously vaccinated individuals, the recommended interval is 6 months from the last COVID-19 dose, with a minimum interval of 3 months from the last dose. This minimum interval will ensure that those who receive a spring 2024 dose (i.e., those at increased risk for severe disease) will be eligible again for an updated fall 2024 vaccine when it becomes available.

NACI will continue to monitor the evolving evidence and will update guidance as needed.

For the full statement, including supporting evidence and rationale, please see NACI's Guidance on the use of COVID-19 vaccines during the fall of 2024 .

NACI is providing advice well in advance of fall 2024 to provide provinces and territories with sufficient time to plan their fall COVID-19 immunization programs. This is similar to how seasonal influenza vaccine guidance is provided to allow sufficient time to organize fall influenza immunization programs.
While the seasonality of SARS-CoV-2 has not been established, based on previous years, COVID-19 activity is expected to be elevated during the fall and winter months.
Getting an additional dose of a COVID-19 vaccine this fall is expected to increase individual protection against infection, symptoms, and severe disease from COVID-19 that has waned since a last COVID-19 vaccine dose or previous infection. This protection helps to reduce the strain of COVID-19 on the health care system while other seasonal viruses such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are also circulating.
Receiving the most recently updated COVID-19 vaccine (either an mRNA or protein subunit COVID-19 vaccine) is also expected to provide a better immune response against circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains compared to earlier vaccines and is especially important for those at increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe COVID-19 illness.
As of spring 2024, Omicron sublineages of SARS-CoV-2 continue to circulate in Canada and globally, particularly JN.1* group strains. The World Health Organization has recently recommended the use of a monovalent JN.1 lineage as the antigen in future formulations of COVID-19 vaccines. Recommendations will also be forthcoming from the United States Food and Drug Administration. The advice from both organizations will inform which products are available in Canada in the fall.
In this Statement update, NACI is also updating and clarifying the number of doses recommended for different immunocompromised populations.
Consistent with previous guidance, COVID-19 vaccines may be given concurrently (i.e., same day), or at any time before or after non-COVID-19 vaccines (including live and non-live vaccines).
NACI continues to simplify COVID-19 vaccine recommendations where possible, balancing available scientific evidence, expert advice, and program considerations. While general recommendations support access to those who want to be vaccinated, tailored guidance can facilitate support and communication for individuals at high-risk.

For more information on NACI's recommendations on the use of COVID-19 vaccines, please refer to the COVID-19 vaccines chapter in the Canadian Immunization Guide (CIG), as well as additional statements on the NACI web page .

"With its most recent statement, NACI is providing guidance to facilitate fall vaccine program planning. The committee emphasizes the benefits of available vaccines for COVID-19 protection, and particularly for those most at risk of severe illness, as we know that protection against severe illness due to COVID-19 can wane over time. An updated COVID-19 vaccine formulation may also be available by the fall that would better target the currently circulating strains." Dr. Robyn Harrison, NACI Chair

"I would like to thank NACI for providing this guidance to help plan for COVID-19 vaccine programs in the fall. Vaccination remains one of our most effective tools in protecting ourselves and our communities from COVID-19. With our experience from previous years, we know there is potential for increased impact of COVID-19 activity during the fall and winter months when other respiratory viruses such as influenza and RSV are circulating. An additional dose using the latest vaccine formulation, layered with personal protective practices, will continue to be important this fall to increase protection especially for those most at risk of COVID-19 infection or severe disease in our communities" Dr. Theresa Tam, Chief Public Health Officer

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Guest Essay

Trump Knows Dominance Wins. Someone Tell Democrats.

In a colorful illustration, hand shadowing mimics a wolf threatening a bunny.

By M. Steven Fish

Mr. Fish is the author of “Comeback: Routing Trumpism, Reclaiming the Nation, and Restoring Democracy’s Edge.”

Donald Trump once called Bill Barr, his former attorney general, “Weak, Slow Moving, Lethargic, Gutless, and Lazy.” When Mr. Barr recently endorsed Mr. Trump, rather than express gratitude or graciousness, the former president said , “Based on the fact that I greatly appreciate his wholehearted Endorsement, I am removing the word ‘Lethargic’ from my statement. Thank you Bill. MAGA2024!”

This is the sort of thing Mr. Trump is known for, even with people who came around and bent the knee . It is a critical part of his politics — and it’s an area that pollsters aren’t fully measuring and Democratic strategists rarely take into consideration.

Politics is a dominance competition, and Mr. Trump is an avid and ruthless practitioner of it . He offers a striking contrast with most Democrats, who are more likely to fret over focus-group data and issue ever more solemn pledges to control prescription drug prices .

What these Democrats seem to have forgotten is that they have their own liberal tradition of dominance politics — and if they embrace it, they would improve their chances of defeating Trumpism. But unlike Mr. Trump, whose lies and conduct after the 2020 election were damaging to democracy, leaders like Franklin Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson and the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. exerted dominance in liberal ways and to prodemocratic ends. They obeyed the law, told the truth, and honored liberal values.

Psychologists have noted the effectiveness of dominance in elections and governing . My recent research also finds that what I call Mr. Trump’s “high-dominance strategy” is far and away his most formidable asset.

High-dominance leaders shape reality. They embrace conflict, chafe at playing defense and exhibit self-assurance even in pursuit of unpopular goals . By contrast, low-dominance leaders accept reality as it is and shun conflict. They tell people what they think they want to hear and prefer mollification to confrontation.

Today’s Republicans are all about dominance. They embrace us-versus-them framing, double down on controversial statements and take risks . Today’s Democrats often recoil from “othering” opponents and back down after ruffling feathers . They have grown obsessively risk-averse , poll-driven , allergic to engaging on hot-button issues (except perhaps abortion) — and more than a little boring.

Polling even dictates whether Democrats proclaim their own good news. Republicans never quit crowing about the economy on their watch. Democrats tend to fear doing so unless surveys show that everyone is already feeling the benefits. So in defiance of much of the evidence , voters think Mr. Trump’s economy was better than Barack Obama’s and Mr. Biden’s.

Politicians’ language reflects their dominance orientations. Mr. Trump uses entertaining and provocative parlance and calls opponents — and even allies — weak , gutless and pathetic . Still, neuroscientists monitoring listeners’ brain activity while they watched televised debates found that audiences — not just Mr. Trump’s followers — delighted in the belittling nicknames he uses for his opponents. His boldness and provocations held audience attention at a much higher level than his opponents’ play-it-safe recitations of their policy stances and résumés.

Mr. Trump is also often crude and regularly injects falsehoods into his comments. But these are not in and of themselves signs of dominance; it’s just that the Democrats’ inability to effectively respond makes them appear weak by comparison.

For their own part, Democrats typically refrain from transgressive language and often present themselves as vulnerable and menaced . When Kamala Harris was asked in January if she was scared of a second Trump term, she said , “I am scared as heck!” and added that “we should all be scared.”

To voters, that fear smells like weakness. In a 2022 CBS News survey on parties’ traits, the most frequently cited description of the Democratic Party was “weak.” In a recent Gallup poll , 38 percent regarded Mr. Biden as “a strong and decisive leader,” compared with 57 percent for Mr. Trump.

A reputation for weakness may be a singularly damaging liability. In a 2016 exit poll , more than twice as many voters said they wanted a “strong leader” than one who “shares my values” or “cares about people like me.” In another poll, Mr. Trump was regarded as the “ stronger leader .”

The American National Elections Studies has polled voters on presidential candidates’ traits since the 1980s, and the candidate who rated higher on “strong leadership” has never lost. The one who more people agree “really cares about people like you” loses about half the time.

High-dominance messaging necessitates unfailingly asserting your side’s moral superiority. But the psychologists John Jost and Orsolya Hunyady find that liberals feel compelled to give equal credence to conservative intuitions. They struggle to adopt the us-versus-them framing that is crucial to rousing supporters and confronting opponents who decidedly do not honor the legitimacy of liberals’ opinions — or even necessarily the results of free elections. Psychologists have also shown that Democrats are conflicted about the appropriate use of aggression.

Such crippling qualms are recent problems. Roosevelt, Kennedy, Johnson and King owned the Republicans. Their high-dominance styles enabled the creation of every progressive program their low-dominance successors are struggling to salvage today.

On the eve of his first re-election, Roosevelt thundered : “I should like to have it said of my first administration that in it the forces of selfishness and of lust for power met their match. I should like to have it said of my second administration that in it these forces met their master.” Kennedy hammered home that the Republicans’ limp social welfare policies and tepid approach to civil rights failed to show the world what America was made of , and he never hesitated to aggressively trumpet triumphs .

Johnson mixed bigot-busting rhetoric with ferocious arm-twisting to muscle voting rights , colorblind immigration policy and Medicare into law. He did enjoy Democratic congressional majorities, but he also faced the necessity of bringing around the segregationist wing of his party, and his high-dominance style was key to his legislative victories.

Few were less solicitous of prevailing opinion than King. With reference to the 1964 Republican presidential nominee, Barry Goldwater, King said that he could “go halfway with Brother Goldwater” on the idea that legislation couldn’t solve racism. With tongue planted firmly in cheek, he then smoothly eviscerated Goldwater’s stance: “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love me, but it can restrain him from lynching me.” King’s reference to “Brother Goldwater,” who opposed all manner of civil rights legislation, bore no hint of sarcasm. But he also knew that he was owning his opponent by wielding what he always called “the weapon of love” and using language that expressed self-assurance and faith in the nation to establish moral superiority.

There are contemporary Democrats with a high-dominance style. Gov. Andy Beshear of Kentucky stands up for trans and abortion rights , proclaimed June Pride Month in the state, and chided the unvaccinated during the pandemic. When a Republican lawmaker displayed a photo of Mr. Beshear with drag queens at a gay rights rally and accused him of corrupting kids, the governor shot back that the participants “are as much Kentuckians as anybody else.”

The Republican tucked his tail between his legs, whimpering: “My problem is not with the gay movement. I didn’t say anything about the ‘Pride Celebration.’” Mr. Beshear won re-election by five points in a state Mr. Trump carried by 26 points in 2020.

Mr. Biden’s Republican-owning 2024 State of the Union address and the briny language he uses to describe Mr. Trump in private delighted the Democrats — and won rare kudos from Republican strategists. But these are just flashes of dominance — and flashes aren’t nearly enough.

A dominance advantage is no guarantee of victory, as Mr. Trump’s 2020 loss to Mr. Biden showed. What’s more, Mr. Trump may sometimes pay a price for his extreme dominance style, whether it’s by turning off some voters or incurring the wrath of impatient judges in his seemingly endless court cases.

Still, Mr. Trump’s high-dominance style remains the most formidable tool in his arsenal. Taking on Mr. Trump’s party in its area of greatest strength would leave it beatable in national elections.

Mr. Biden could even counter the perception that his age has rendered him feeble by taking a page from his higher-dominance predecessors, the mighty leaders who mobilized dominance to promote freedom, equality and progress.

M. Steven Fish, a political scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, is the author of “Comeback: Routing Trumpism, Reclaiming the Nation, and Restoring Democracy’s Edge.”

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

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COMMENTS

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Canada's vaccine mandate — which took effect in November 2021 to boost vaccination rates — prevents unvaccinated Canadians from boarding a commercial plane or train in Canada to both domestic ...
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Yes (PCR or antigen tests) While travel restrictions were eased in February, unvaccinated Canadians visiting France still need to provide proof of a negative test taken prior to arrival. The test ...
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The U.S. and Canada both require foreign visitors to be vaccinated to enter the country. However, Canada will allow unvaccinated travelers to enter the country under the requirement that the visitor must quarantine for 14 days. At the moment, foreign travelers that are vaccinated must upload their COVID-19 documentation through the ArriveCan ...
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Beginning in the fall of 2024, NACI recommends the following for the use of the most recently updated COVID-19 vaccines: COVID-19 vaccination is strongly recommended for previously vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe COVID-19 disease as follows: All adults 65 years of age or older.
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