concentration camp tours berlin

Walking tour

From berlin: sachsenhausen memorial and museum tour.

The Original Berlin Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Memorial Tour is a guided tour in the heart of Berlin. If sightseeing Berlin is your goal, you would want to join this tour. This walking tour will bring you back to the past as local guides will tell you everything you have to know about the history of Berlin. Berlin’s tourism offers a great deal of history, politics, and media, nonetheless, it also portrays how our world had become a better place for everyone.

TOUR DETAILS

Price :  €29 per person

When : Every Day at 10am.

Where : The meeting point is in front of Generator Berlin Alexanderplatz, Otto-Braun-Straße 65, 10178 Berlin, Germany. Next to the Entrance.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

When visiting the Memorial, keep in mind that a €3 per person donation will be required. This donation is for the Memorial and its maintenance and will be collected by the guide before entering the camp. (Please have exact change ready.)

• Guests will need a valid ABC transit ticket
• Bringing a snack and beverage is suggested as limited options are available
• the punishment cells
• gas chambers
• guard tower a
• exception grounds
• detailed tour of camp with a licensed guide
• stories of triumph and tragedy
• everyday life in the camp
• much much more

Berlin Day Tour Experience

The Sachsenhausen Memorial and Museum serves as painful, yet important reminder of the atrocities committed during Nazi Germany. Our tour from Berlin travels the 35-kilometers north to educate visitors about this dark chapter of German history while also paying homage to the victims of the Nazi regime. Learn about Nazi operations and the grim living conditions of the camp as your guide takes you through the grounds.

Our Sachsenhausen Memorial and Museum Tour takes approximately 6 hours. Meet your guide in the center of Berlin and take public transportation to the former concentration camp together. Follow your guide through the Sachsenhausen Memorial and Museum and visit important points of interests like Barracks 38 and 39, Roll Call Area, Guard Tower A, foundations of Station Z, and more. Following your tour of the grounds, return to the Berlin city center or opt to stay longer on your own.

Join us as we embark on this time travel tour. Book your tour with us.

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Sachsenhausen Memorial and Musem Tour

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Memorial Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Private Full-Day Tour

Quick details.

• Duration: 6 hours
• Starting time: Hourly departures from 8AM to 11AM
• Tour type: Walking, private driver
• Pick-up location: Your central Berlin hotel
• Group size: Max 14 people
• Inclusions: Private expert tour guide, pick-up and drop-off at your hotel, entrance or admission fees, public transport tickets for the walking option, private driver/black van for the driving option

Tour Highlights

• Visit the Memorial Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp, which served as the Nazi regime‘s model camp
• See the infirmary barracks, cell reconstructions, and roll call area
• Learn about the Third Reich camp system and its devastating legacy
• Hear how the camp was eventually evacuated — and the brutal “death march” that followed
• Honour those who suffered and lost their lives at Sachsenhausen and other camps
• Local expert guides with deep knowledge of Berlin’s history, art, and politics
• Choose from daily departures with multiple start times

Tour Overview

After meeting at your hotel this private tour will take you to the Memorial Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp, located about 45 minutes north of Berlin.

A total of around 200,000 people (especially political opponents, Soviets, and Jews) were imprisoned, put into forced labour, tortured, or killed at Sachsenhausen. In the late summer of 1941, a mass shooting range was built, which saw the murder of tens of thousands of Soviet prisoners of war.

The evacuation of the camp by the SS began on the morning of April 21, 1945, when the Red Army was only a few kilometres away. The remaining prisoners and other camp inmates were forced to embark upon a cruel “death march” in terrible conditions to flee. Many died or were killed during this ordeal, before surviving prisoners and camp commanders were finally intercepted by Soviet forces in the following weeks.

It is important to us to present the history of Sachsenhausen and the Third Reich camp system in as much detail as possible, while also remaining sensitive to its impact, and respectful of those who tragically suffered and lost their lives.

Book this tour online now

We base our private tour of this memorial on the most up-to-date specialist literature, as well as numerous eyewitness reports from the time. It is not our aim to shock; however, we do believe it’s important to do justice to the events that took place at Sachsenhausen between 1936 and 1945.

This tour is essential education for anyone wishing to understand the devastating legacy of Nazi concentration camps before and during the Second World War. However, we understand that visiting the memorial may be too emotionally triggering for some visitors.

Note that we will include a stop for coffee and/or something to eat (at your own expense) and can add in additional breaks whenever you like.

About Our Guides

Our Berlin tour guides are more than just guides — they are true characters of the city, with deep knowledge of Berlin’s history, art and politics. Some of them were eyewitnesses to the Cold War, and all of them enthusiastic ambassadors of their city. As our guest, we want you to feel welcomed and catered to. Our guides will always take the time to answer your questions and can adapt the itinerary to suit your personal wishes and interests.

Note : Due to its sensitive content, the tour of Sachsenhausen is not suitable for children under 12 years of age.

Tour Flexibility

As this is a private experience, we can tailor the tour to your wishes and can omit areas of the facility if desired. It’s our pleasure to tailor this tour to suit your interests. Simply tell us where your interests lie, and we’ll be happy to accommodate your wishes.

Simply enquire below for more information. Alternatively,  book online now and we will be in touch to finalise your tour details.

Interested in more of Berlin’s Jewish History? Take a look at our full day and half day Jewish Heritage tours, which will take you through some of the most important sights and memorials in the city with a local expert.

Do you have questions about the offer? Contact us using the form below.

Private Tour: From €550

Pose your questions regarding the tours by using this form. We are happy to provide prices for groups of more than six people on request, they depend on the exact group size.

Please contact us if you have any questions.

+49 30 26105715, [email protected], 09.00 - 18.00 (mon - fri | germany timezone).

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Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp: Guided Walking Tour

6 hours €29.00 from Berlin

Sachsenhausen Memorial a guided tour - The specially trained guides use primary sources and historical research to explain the history of the camp and compile the experiences of the prisoners.

Original Berlin Walks - Sachsenhausen Memorial: english guided tour

In Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp just outside Berlin, tens of thousands perished at the hands of the Nazis in conditions of appalling brutality.  The camp became a training ground for the SS and the site of the headquarters of the whole concentration camp system.  After the Nazis were defeated, the Soviets used Sachsenhausen as a camp for their own political enemies – thousands more were to perish over the next five years.

Sachsenhausen Memorial Tour tour at a glance: 

Professional guides & expert knowlegde .

For this tour, Original Berlin Walks’ guides are trained to unravel the complex history of the Holocaust.  Using witness accounts and historical research, our qualified guides shed light on what life was like as a prisoner and how some were able to survive.

Among others, the following topics will also be addressed:

• why Sachsenhausen and the concentration camp system were established by the Nazis
• how the conditions in the camp worsened in 1939.  (Visit the barracks where many of the thousands of Jewish prisoners sent to the camp after the so-called “Kristallnacht” were incarcerated)
• how the SS used the execution complex at Sachsenhausen to perpetrate acts of mass murder, including the killing of 10,000 Soviet POWs in 1941.  (See the foundations of Station Z, the mass execution facility)
• how some Jewish prisoners survived by working in the forgery workshop, counterfeiting millions of pounds sterling
• how some prisoners were subjected to excruciating medical experiments.  (See the oldest intact concentration camp barracks at the infirmary as well as the pathology lab)
• attempted escapes from the camp, including the tunnel dug by British POW “Jimmy” James and others
• the “death marches” at the end of the war and the liberation of the camp by the Red Army
• how the Soviets turned Sachsenhausen into a Special Camp for their own enemies after the war, who they imprisoned, and the fate of these prisoners
• how the East German regime manipulated the history of the camp for its own end

Meeting point

Neue Promenade 3, 10178 Berlin, In front of Starbucks

Important information

• For this tour we use public transport. Therefore you need a day ticket ABC (available at BVG-machines)
• redeemable as smartphone ticket
• children up to 12 years accompanied by an adult free of charge

The tour guides arrive 5-10 minutes before the tour starts. You will recognize them by their blue name tags. Please check your ticket for the meeting point and start time.

Ticket validity after purchase

• valid for the booked day
• accepted as smartphone ticket
• no print-out needed

The Original Berlin Walks

• Top Attractions
• Nearby visits

Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp

Sachsenhausen is a death camp near Berlin and is considered one of the most important in Nazi Germany. It is a must-see visit if you’re in Berlin for a few days.

The Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp was designed by the SS architects and  founded in 1936 by prisoners from the Emsland camps . It was conceived as a model extermination camp, where the ideas of National Socialism were to be projected and the SS could subject their power to the convicts.

Between 1936 and 1945 over 200,000 prisoners were locked away in the camp . The first people sent to the Death Camp were political opponents of the Nazi regime. However, in the following years, the Nazis put away anyone they believed to be racially or biologically inferior.

Thousands of prisoners died due to illnesses, forced labour and starvation. Many others were victims of the SS extermination techniques.

At the end of the war, on 22 and 23 April 1945, the Soviet and Polish soldiers freed over 3,000 suffering prisoners, nurses and doctors.

From Concentration Camp to Soviet Special Camp

In August 1945, Sachsenhausen became a Soviet Special Camp. Three months after World War II ended , when Europe was finally free from the intimidation of the Nazis, the Soviet secret service moved the Soviet Special Camp No. 7 to Sachsenhausen .

The Camp was used to lock Nazi prisoners and political prisoners who did not agree with the Soviet Union ideals and other many who were arbitrarily detained.

The special camp became the largest in the area until it was dismantled in 1950.

Approximately 60,000 prisoners were held in the camp of which 12,000 died .

In 1961, it was inaugurated as a National Memorial by the People’s National Army of the G.D.R. and the People’s Police.

Exploring Sachsenhausen

During the visit to the Concentration Camp, you will visit all the areas that were most used by the Nazis and Soviets. As you discover the facility, you’ll feel a shiver as you find out about the atrocities committed by both parties in the large death camp .

Some of the most relevant areas are the following:

• Barrack 38 : Located in the “Small Camp” area, Barrack 38 is where the Nazis would cram the Jews together between 1938 and 1942. Barrack 38 is a museum that reflects the life of Jewish prisoners at the Camp . You’ll notice that it still smells burnt as it was set fire to by anti-Semites in 1992.
• Prison : The Gestapo used these blocks to lock up those who tried to escape the Camp or prominent figures. The prisoners were tortured and killed without any mercy.
• Infirmary Barracks : In Sachsenhausen, like in other death camps, prisoners were used for medical experiments, for example by sterilizing them or killing the weakest captives .

A moving experience

The Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp will not leave any of its visitors indifferent . While you explore the death camp and its barracks, you ’ll come face to face with the dreadful conditions the prisoners were subject to . The grimmest parts include the Infirmary Barracks, where many women and men were subjected to terrible experiments, and the patio, where the detainees were made to queue for hours either in the cold or in the scorching heat.

Guided tours

Although it is not necessary to book a guided tour of many of Berlin's landmarks, we strongly suggest you join a guided tour at Sachsenhausen . Most of the buildings of the Death Camp are no longer standing and most of the facilities are empty, so you won't get a good idea of the terrible past of this concentration camp without a professional guide.

Oranienburg.

15 March - 14 October: every day from 8:30 am to 6 pm. 15 October - 14 March: every day from 8:30 am to 4:30 pm. Mondays: closed.

Entrance: free. Audio guide: € 3.50 ( US$ 3.80).

Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Tour € 25 ( US$ 27.20)

Train: Oranienburg , lines RE5, RB12 and S1. You can either walk 20 minutes from the Train Station or take the bus 804.

Nearby places

Berlin Tegel Airport (22.9 km) Berliner Unterwelten (25.4 km) Hamburger Bahnhof in Berlin (27.2 km) Charlottenburg Palace (27.3 km) Berggruen Museum in Berlin (27.5 km)

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Tour Details

Berlin sachsenhausen concentration camp group tour.

Unlock the doors to a pivotal chapter in world history with an exclusive group tour of the Berlin Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp. A unique blend of heart-wrenching tales, tales of indomitable spirit, and invaluable lessons from the past make this experience an unforgettable journey. Specifically designed for group interactions, it not only offers an opportunity to understand significant events but also to bond over shared insights and reflections.

Why This Experience Is A Must-For Your Group:

• Unparalleled Local Expertise : Our guides aren’t just certified by Sachsenhausen authorities; they’re passionate storytellers. With a treasure trove of insights, they’ll immerse your group in the intricate tapestry of events that transpired within the camp’s walls.
• Comprehensive Exploration : Your group will not only walk the paths that over 200,000 prisoners once tread but also feel the weight of their stories. The intense aura of the camp, combined with our expert narratives, promises a holistic understanding of the era.
• A Rich Tapestry of Human Spirit : Amidst tales of despair, there are stories of hope, resistance, and unmatched courage. Discover the brighter side of humanity, even in its darkest times, such as the liberation of thousands who once felt they’d lost everything.

Sachsenhausen: More Than Just Walls and Barbed Wires

Situated a mere 35 kilometers from Berlin’s bustling heart, Sachsenhausen is an embodiment of a tumultuous era. Its stories are a testament to the complexities of the human spirit. Here, one learns about Operation Bernhard, an audacious scheme that aimed to flood and thus destabilize the Allied economies. Stories of forced labor, notably for corporations like Heinkel, shed light on the economic facets of war. But more than these tales of cruelty, it’s the underlying narrative of resilience, endurance, and hope that makes Sachsenhausen a beacon for history enthusiasts and seekers of profound experiences alike.

Unmissable Group Tour Highlights:

• Duration : An extensive 6-hour exploration ensures your group will savor every story, every corner, and every moment of reflection.
• Diverse Attractions : From the eerily silent Punishment Cells and harrowing Gas Chambers to places of resistance and hope. Every step is a story waiting to unfold.
• Shared Experience : This journey offers a shared learning and bonding opportunity, making it a memorable collective experience.

Secure Your Group’s Place in History: For specialized group reservations, please contact us directly. We recommend an advance booking of at least 3 days to guarantee a slot.

Step into Sachsenhausen with us – not just as a historical site, but as a testament to human endurance, the cost of freedom, and the importance of memory. This isn’t just another tour; it’s a journey through time, emotion, and the undying human spirit.

The Original Berlin Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Group Tour

The Authentic Berlin Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Group Excursion Spanning approximately 6 hours, including round-trip transportation, this tour encompasses:

• The Solitary Confinement Cells
• Lethal Gas Chambers
• Observation Tower A
• Specialized Areas
• The Infamous ‘Pit’
• Tales of Despair and Resilience
• Day-to-Day Realities of the Inmates

Table of Contents

What to expect

• Exclusive Groups
• Personalized Private Tour
• Expert Licensed Guides
• Premier Camp Exploration
• Deep Dive into WW2 World Hist

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Berlin and Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp

• Learn the captivating history of WWII-era Berlin, starting with an enlightening tour of the Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Memorial
• Enjoy a comfortable 2.5-hour coach ride through the East German countryside, setting the stage for your immersive historical journey
• Explore Berlin's city center, discovering iconic landmarks like the Brandenburg Gate, Hitler's bunker, and the remnants of the Berlin Wall
• Engage in the poignant past showcased at Potsdamer Platz, Checkpoint Charlie, and the former SS and Gestapo headquarters
• Don't miss out on this limited opportunity to discover Berlin's rich WWII history

This Sachsenhausen concentration camp tour is a must-do for history buffs and those who want to get a better understanding of what went on in Germany during the rise of Hitler and WWII. Your experience begins as you board an air-conditioned coach for a comfortable, scenic 2.5-hour ride through the East German countryside.

Arrive at the Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Memorial on the outskirts of Berlin and meet up with your guide who will give you a brief history of the camp and the atrocities that were committed there. Sachsenhausen, or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg, was a Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used primarily for political prisoners from 1936 to the end of the Third Reich in May 1945.

From there you will head to the city center of Berlin and stop for lunch and a quick break to absorb what you learned so far. Your tour then continues in the government quarter where you will see the German Parliament, the Reichstag the Brandenburg Gate, Pariser Platz, the Tiergarten, and the Memorial to the Murdered Jews. View Hitler's bunker, an air raid shelter where he and Eva Braun were married and later killed themselves as enemy forces were closing in.

Stand in the public square of Potsdamer Platz and touch the remains of the famed Berlin Wall, a concrete barrier that divided East and West Berlin both physically and ideologically for more than 25 years. While here, see Checkpoint Charlie and the former headquarters of the SS and Gestapo.

Continue to Friedrichstrasse, the classic heart of the capital, to visit Gendarmenmarkt, Babel Platz, the book burning square, Unter den Linden, Humboldt University, the Neue Wache, former Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Museum Island and the former Royal Palace of Berlin. If time permits, your guide might be able to take you over to West Berlin to see a few landmarks there such as the Charlottenburg Palaces and the bombed-out Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church.

Sign up now and get ready to immerse yourself in the history of WWII-era Berlin.

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Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Memorial Tour

A sombre and respectful visit to one of the darkest chapters of human history

ABOUT THE Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Memorial Tour

This 5.5-hour day trip from Berlin to the Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Memorial is a sombre yet crucial part of any trip to Berlin. Learn about the treatment of hundreds of thousands of Nazi prisoners inside the camp walls, and remember the tens of thousands who never made it out alive. You will also hear about the camp's post-war use under the Soviets from 1945 - 1950.

Your Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Memorial Tour meets in front of the Starbucks at the Brandenburg Gate (S/U-Bahn Brandenburger Tor).

The first purpose-designed Nazi concentration camp

This day trip from Berlin to the Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Memorial is an important part of any visit to the German capital. Built in 1936 as the Berlin Olympic Games were taking place, Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp was the first Nazi concentration camp to be designed specifically for this purpose. Not only was it close to the Nazi's capital of Berlin, but it also served as the training grounds for camp guards and camp commandants before they were sent out to the other Nazi concentration camps.

Journey from Berlin out to the Sachsenhausen memorial

The tour begins at the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, your expert local guide (who is accredited to the Sachsenhausen memorial site) will take you on the train out to the camp, giving you an important background of the Nazi's concentration camp system as you go. Once you arrive in the town of Oranienburg, where Sachsenhauen was built, your guide will point out the march the prisoners were taken on through the streets and past the townspeople to get to the camp. Upon arrival at the Sachsenhausen memorial, you will see the model layout of the camp, as your guide explains why it was built that way, before taking you inside the former camp itself.

The lives and deaths of prisoners inside the camp

Once inside the former camp, your guide will tell you about the daily lives of the prisoners - you will see how the prisoners slept in the overcrowded barracks, stand on the square where the daily roll call would take place, and learn about some of the cruel work details they were forced to carry out. You will hear about punishments and murders in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, and you will also see the cell block building, where prisoners were put into isolation and brutally tortured, before being taken to the foundations of the former Station Z building, purposefully built to kill prisoners and dispose of their bodies quickly. You will also learn about the final days of Sachsenhausen concentration camp, including the death march the prisoners were forced to go on in April 1945, and the prisoners who were simply left behind to die.

While the majority of this tour takes place outdoors, there are a few small museums within the memorial itself. It is possible that queues may prevent you from being able to enter these exhibitions on particularly busy days. However, your expert, licensed guide will ensure that you do not miss out on any information from this important site.

The Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Memorial Tour starts in front of the Starbucks at the Brandenburg Gate (S/U-Bahn Brandenburger Tor)

• Learn about the brutality of the Nazi concentration camp system
• See the kinds of overcrowded living quarters the prisoners were forced to sleep in
• Hear about the work details they were forced to carry out, including the infamous shoe testing track
• Remember the tens of thousands of victims who did not make it out of the camp, or who died on the death march in the final days of WWII
• See the much-feared cell block, and the foundations of the former Station Z
• Learn about the camp’s post-WWII use under the Soviets as Soviet Special Camp no. 7

TOUR SCHEDULES

This tour doesn‘t run today

Click on 'See more dates' to check availability

• Expert local guide, accredited to the site
• Entrance and donation to the Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp memorial site
• Train pass (ABC day ticket required)
• Food or drinks
• You will need to purchase an ABC day transport ticket for this tour and validate it before joining the trip
• Children up to 2 years old may join for free. But must have a ticket reserved for them. Please note that some content may not be suitable for younger guests.
• Wheelchair accessible, but please note the ground can get muddy during the winter months, and not all parts of the exhibitions are accessible.
• Tour runs rain, hail or shine, but is entirely outdoors, so please dress appropriately
• Wear comfortable shoes – tour covers 3-4km of walking
• You can stay and spend more time in the memorial museums on your own, or return with your guide on the train to central Berlin
• Please purchase drinks and snacks prior to joining the tour
• Our business is connecting great guides and smart travelers, and we're proud that so many local guides employ us to welcome travelers like you on their journey through some of the world's best cities. No two tours are alike, and the sites, stories, and length of the tour will vary depending on what your freelance guide decides is best. That's why the tours we promote never get stale or feel scripted, and why both independent guides and savvy travelers prefer SANDEMANs

Customer reviews

Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Tour

My friends proposed the Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Tour and I am really happy that we took it. From all the tours I took in Berlin, this is the most memorable one. Our guide Rob Shaw was brilliant! His approach made this the best tour I had in Berlin because he gave us so many important topics to think about even after the tour was over. He has a very broad understanding of the historical and political context of the events that occurred in Germany and the whole Europe at the time, and great knowledge of the camp itself. I really appreciated him giving us some explanations from psychological aspects of human nature, about how it was even possible that such camps existed. I would highly recommend the tour and especially Rob as a guide.

Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp with Fran

Fran was our guide as we did a walking tour with her to the Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp just outside of Berlin. It was an excellent tour. Fran was very knowledgeable and answered our questions in a thoughtful intelligent way. In fact we asked so many questions that the tour went 30 minutes longer then scheduled. Highly recommend the tour especially if you have Fran as your guide.

Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp

Excellent and very eye-opening tour of a German concentration camp. Tour guide was Sam - he was brilliant. Highly recommend

My friends and I decided that we would like to book Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Tour and it turned out to be best decision ever. Reservation was super easy over web page. I have to say that this was best tour that I've taken in a long time. Our guide Rob Shaw was incredible! He made this trip so interesting and fulfilling. He has incredible knowledge on all history parts and you can really learn a lot from him. He was super easy going, full of knowledge, polite and opened for all questions also he encouraged us to ask! This tour I would highly recommend to all and especially with guide Rob Shaw!

Sachsenhausen concentration camp tour

Very informative tour around the concentration camp. Mark the tour guide was very knowledgeable. Lots to see and learn. Public transport from the centre of Berlin just by Brandenburg gate. One ticket needed for the day and no changes on the train.

Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp

I went to Berlin with a couple of friends in September and we had no plans of visiting a concentration camp originally. We heard of the tour through during another local tour of downtown Berlin, and decided on a whim to go. Of our trip through Berlin, Barcelona, and Paris, this was hands down the best part of the entire vacation! It was a fascinating lens into a dark part of history, and our tour guide Rochale was incredibly professional, helpful, and knowledgable about the entirety of German, Holocaust, and WWII history. She drew lessons and conclusions that can be applied to political phenomena that exist today. Her insights were truly breathtaking. I cannot recommend this experience enough. I will never forget it.

What is a Select Tour?

Select Tours focus on a particular area or district of a city, a certain aspect of its history or culture, or take you outside the city on a day trip. Select Tours are perfect for those who have enjoyed an introduction to the city and wish to delve deeper into the stories the city has to offer. These tours often venture further afield and make use of local public transport.

As with the Free Tour, Select Tours are provided by local freelance guides in partnership with SANDEMANs NEW Europe, who bring their personal flair and expert knowledge to these specifically themed tours. Select tours have a fixed ticket price - we recommend purchasing your ticket in advance, either during a Free Tour or online.

Delve deeper with themed select tours

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• Berlin In a Day
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Visiting World War II Concentration Camps That Still Exist and You Can Tour.

The nazi camps still in existence as memorials and museums., visiting concentration camps from world war ii.

Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum

Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site

Sachsenhausen Memorial and Museum

Mauthausen Memorial

Terezín Memorial

Treblinka extermination camp

We hope you found this article on visiting concentration camps from world war ii helpful. for our sachsenhausen and other tours check out our main private tour page, privacy overview.

Stiftung Brandenburgische Gedenkstätten Gedenkstätte und Museum Sachsenhausen

Opening Times, Prices and Travel Information

Opening hours, visitor information center.

Daily from 8:30 am to 5:00 pm

Outdoor areas and exhibitions

Summer (March 15 to October 14) 8:30 am to 6 pm

Winter (October 15 to March 14) 8:30 am to 4:30 pm

The memorial offers Guided Tours and Workshops .

Audio guides

Audio guides with which you can to explore the Memorial on your own, are available at the Memorial's Visitor Information Centre. The hire fee is 3,50 Euro per device (the group rate is 2,50 Euro per device).

The audio guides are available in the following languages: German, English, Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Portuguese, Russian.

There is a sufficient number of devices available. A reservation is not necessary.

Archive and library

Tuesday to Thursday 9:00 am to 4:30 pm (registration required). Further information about the Archive and the Library .

Admission to the Memorial and the Museums is free!

If you would like to book guided tours and workshops, please register at least four months in advance due to high demand.

Current information for bookings:

From now on, please book exclusively via our new booking website . (Requests using the old registration form will no longer be processed).

Instructions:

1. Select a desired date in the calendar. 2. A registration form will open. Once you have completed the registration form, send the booking request. 3. You will then receive a confirmation of receipt with a summary of your booking request. 4. As soon as the booking request has been accepted by us, you will receive a booking confirmation with important information for your visit. (Please note: your guided tour/workshop will only take place if you receive this booking confirmation). 5. Approximately three weeks before the booked and confirmed date, you will receive an automatic reminder.

Fees for guided tours and workshops:

Group Tours

In German Reduced fee (e.g., schools): 50 Euro Full fee: 90 Euro

In a foreign language   Reduced fee (e.g., schools): 90 Euro Full fee: 110 Euro

In German Reduced fee (e.g., schools): 75 Euro Full fee: 140 Euro

In a foreign language   Reduced fee (e.g., schools): 110 Euro Full fee: 160 Euro

Audio Guides

Single: 3,50 Euro Group price (10 devices or more): 2,50 Euro

Travel information from Berlin-Centre

From 28.03.2024 to 09.05.2024: On the S-Bahn line S1 between Birkenwerder and Oranienburg replacement service with buses. More information can be found here.

• S-Bahn line S 1 (Wannsee - Oranienburg) to Oranienburg train station (Travel time from Berlin Friedrichstraße station 45 minutes, every 20 minutes).

Regional Trains

In case you are travelling with the regional train, please alight at Oranienburg station and not at Sachsenhausen station.

• Regional train RE 5 (direction Stralsund/Rostock - Neustrelitz - Wünsdorf-Waldstadt/Elsterwerda) to Oranienburg station (travel time from Berlin Main Station (Hauptbahnhof) 25 minutes, runs hourly).
• Regional train RB 12 (direction Templin) from Berlin-Ostkreuz and Berlin- Lichtenberg to Oranienburg Station (travel time 25 minutes, runs hourly).
• Regional train RB 20 from Potsdam to Oranienburg station (travel time 60 minutes, runs hourly)

Buses departing in front of Oranienburg train station

• Bus line 804 (hourly 8:19 etc., direction Malz, last bus 17:19) to the stop "Gedenkstätte".
• Bus line 821 (11:55, 13:55, 14:55, 15:43 and 17:00, direction Tiergarten) to the stop  "Gedenkstätte".

Tickets at VBB rates, from Berlin-Hauptbahnhof or Berlin-Friedrichstraße zone "Berlin ABC"; from Berlin-Lichtenberg "Berlin BC". These tickets are also valid for the OVG bus lines in Oranienburg.

Alternatively the Memorial can be reached from Oranienburg train station in 20 minutes on foot.

Cars and Buses

From Berlin take the city motorway A 111 towards Hamburg; at the Oranienburg junction take the A 10 motorway (Berliner Ring) towards Prenzlau as far as the Birkenwerder exit; then take the B 96 to Oranienburg and follow the signs to the Memorial ("Gedenkstätte").

• Sachsenhausen Memorial and Museum
• Ravensbrück Memorial Museum
• Death March Memorial in Below Forest
• Leistikowstrasse Potsdam Memorial
• Memorial to the Victims of Euthanasia Murders
• Brandenburg-Görden Prison Memorial
• Memorial and Museum Lieberose in Jamlitz

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Basic information

• Admission to the grounds of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial is free of charge. The entry cards should be reserved on  visit.auschwitz.org . For better understanding the history of Auschwitz we suggest a visit with a guide-educator

• The fees are charged for  engaging a guide-educator . Visitors in groups are required to engage an Auschwitz Memorial guide. There is also possibility for individual visitors to join a guided tour .  

• The Museum  also  organizes  online guided tours   for groups and individual visitors .

• Due to overwhelming demand, please book in advance and arrive at the Memorial at least 30 minutes before the start of the tour due to security checks. The main car park and entrance to the Museum is located at 55 Więźniów Oświęcimia Street .

• Visitors to the grounds of the Museum should behave with due solemnity and respect. Visitors are obliged to dress in a manner befitting a place of this nature. Before the visit please read " the rules for visiting ".

• The grounds and buildings of the Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II-Birkenau camps are open to visitors. The duration of a visit is determined solely by the individual interests and needs of the visitors. As a minimum, however, at least three-and-a-half hours should be reserved.

• The maximum size of backpacks or handbags brought into the Museum can not exceed dimensions: 35x25x15 cm . Please leave your bags in your cars or buses.

Read more...

Multibook - preparing for a visit to the Memorial Site

DEUTSCH   |  ESPAÑOL   |   FRANÇAIS   |   ITALIANO  

Multibook is also available in I nternational Sign language

Guided Tours for Individual Visitors

Individual visitors may tour the Memorial independently or in organised groups with a guide.

Entrance to the Museum, to both Auschwitz I and Birkenau parts, is possible only with a personalized entry pass booked in advance. Reservations can be made at visit.auschwitz.org or on the spot at the cashier. The number of entry passes available is limited.

Due to the huge interest, visitors are kindly requested to book in advance at the website visit.auschwitz.org, as well as to arrive at least 30 minutes before the start of the tour. Larger luggage should be left in vehicles in the car park. Before the visit, please read the rules of visiting and the opening hours of the Museum.

HOURS OF THE VISIT CAN BE RESERVED ONLINE: VISIT.AUSCHWITZ.ORG

Online guided tours

The online guided tour lasts about two hours and is divided into two parts – in Auschwitz I and Birkenau. The guide's narration is conducted live. Additionally, the educator uses multimedia materials, archival photographs, artistic works, documents, and testimonies of Survivors. Interaction with the guide and asking questions is also possible. 

GROUPS / SCHOOLS

The tour for groups is available in 7 languages (English, French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Polish, and Spanish). Bookings can be made after logging in via a form available on visit.auschwitz.org .

TOURS FOR INDIVIDUAL VISITORS

Individual visitors can join guided tours starting at set times of the day in English, German and Polish.  Entry cards are available at visit.auschwitz.org .

Check the hours of online guided tours for individual visitors . 

Learn more about "Auschwitz in Front of Your Eyes" platform.

Guided tours options. Prices.

We offer visitors several options for guided tours. Each includes tours of Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II-Birkenau.

• General tours (2,5 h) • General tours (3,5 h) • Guided tours for individual visitors (3,5 h) • One-day study tours (6 h) • Two-day study tours (2x3 h) • Online tour (2 h)

Because of a large number of visitors guides should be reserved at least two months before a planned visit.

Plan a visit

In order to take in the grounds and exhibitions in a suitable way, visitors should set aside a minimum of about 90 minutes for the Auschwitz site and the same amount of time for Auschwitz II-Birkenau. It is essential to visit both parts of the camp, Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II-Birkenau, in order to acquire a proper sense of the place that has become the symbol of the Holocaust of the European Jews as well as Nazi crimes againt Poles, Romas and other groups.

The grounds and most of the buildings at the sites of the Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II-Birkenau sites are open to visitors. Some buildings are not accessible to visitors (including the blocks reserved for the Museum administration and its departments). Please familiarize yourself with " the rules for visiting ".

Opening hours

The Museum is open all year long, seven days a week, except January 1, December 25, and Easter Sunday. You can start the visit in the following hours*:

• 7:30 AM - 2:00 PM December
• 7:30 AM - 3:00 PM January, November
• 7:30 AM - 4:00 PM February
• 7:30 AM - 5:00 PM March, October
• 7:30 AM - 6:00 PM April, May, September
• 7:30 AM - 7:00 PM June, July, August

* These are the hours of entrance to the Museum. A visitor may stay on the site of the Museum 90 minutes after the last entrance hour (i.e. 5.30 in February or 8.30 in July) 

"Reserve" buildings available for the visitors

Study tour groups may visit Block 2 and 3 of the former Auschwitz I camp and wooden hospital barracks (B-80 and B-210) at the Auschwitz II-Birkenau camp. Block 2 and 3 are ones of so-called "reserve blocks" of the Museum, maintained and presented in their original condition. Since the liberation of the camp, the interior of the blocks has been preserved almost intact. It comprises rooms for prisoners, a washroom, toilets and other areas, furnished with original strawbeds, bunks and other elements of block furnishing. 

Getting to the Museum

The Museum is located on the outskirts of the city of Oświęcim on provincial road 933. The visit starts at the former Auschwitz I site. The Museum is about 2 km. from the train station and can be reached from there by local buses. (GPS coordinates: GPS coordinates: 19.20363 E, 50.0266 N )

There are PKS and minibus stops adjacent to the Museum, with service to Cracow and Katowice. There are also two international airports within about 50 kilometers of Oświęcim: Kraków-Balice and Katowice-Pyrzowice.

More information for visitors (i.e. transport, weather)

Temporarily closed for visitors

Closed for the visitors:

• parts of the Auschwitz II-Birkenau 

• part of the exhibition in Block 5 in Auschwitz I

• the Russian exhibition in Block 14

• The so-called Central Sauna building in Auschwitz II-Birkenau

• the Slovak exhibition in Block 16

•  the Roma exhibition in block 13 in Auschwitz I will be closed to visitors from 17/06 to 21/07/2024 (excluding 2/07/2024) and 12/08 - 16/09/2024 (excluding 22/08)

• via @auschwitzmuseum" aria-label="Udostępnij na Twitter">

Images from www.auschwitz.org may be used only in publications relating to the history of the German Nazi concentration and extermination camp Auschwitz-Birkenau or the activities of the Auschwitz Memorial. Their use must not tarnish the good reputation of the victims of KL Auschwitz. Any interference in the integrity of the images – including cropping or graphic processing – is prohibited. The use of the images for commercial purposes requires the Museum’s approval and information about the publication. Publishers undertake to indicate the authors and origin of the images: www.auschwitz.org, as well as to inform the Museum of the use of the images ([email protected]).

3 Best Informative Tours of Sachsenhausen from Berlin in 2024

Are you looking for the best informative tours of Sachsenhausen from Berlin?

For those seeking to learn more about the dark history of Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp, there is no better way than by taking a guided tour of the site from Berlin.

As a history buff, visiting important historical sites is something I always try to do on my travels.

When I visited Berlin, I knew I wanted to take a day trip to Sachsenhausen, the closest former Nazi Concentration Camp to Berlin. Sachsenhausen is just about 45 minutes away, making it easy to visit on a day trip from Berlin .

The best Sachsenhausen tours from Berlin provide an informative and engaging experience for travelers interested in learning more about this tragic period in history.

On these tours, visitors will get to explore Sachsenhausen’s grounds, learning about the camp's history and its origin, what "everyday life" was like for the prisoners held there, and more about the camp and the horrors that occurred there.

While you can visit Sachsenhausen on your own, having a tour guide can be immensely helpful in gaining a more comprehensive understanding of Sachsenhausen’s history.

If you're planning on including a day trip to Sachsenhausen in your Berlin itinerary , consider booking one of these informative guided tours of Sachsenhausen from Berlin to make the most of your visit.

Looking for the best guided tour of Sachsenhausen from Berlin?

This tour is perfect for travelers who want an incredible guide at an affordable price!

Table of Contents

Important Things to Remember when Visiting Sachsenhausen

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The very most important thing to remember when visiting Sachsenhausen is that you are visiting a location where innocent prisoners were tortured and murdered by the Nazis during the Holocaust.

During your visit, keep the history of the site in mind.

Avoid taking disrespectful photos (this is not the place for posed pictures or cute selfies), talking loudly, or behaving inappropriately in any way.

⭐️ RATING: 5 out of 5 Stars (read more reviews ) | TOUR LENGTH: 6 hours | BOOK NOW

Having a great tour guide who is knowledgeable and engaging can really make a tour great, which is why the Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Memorial Tour from Berlin is one of the very best Sachsenhausen guided tours.

On this tour, you'll meet your expert historic guide in the Berlin city center at 10:00 AM before boarding the S Bahn train to Oranienburg, the city where Sachsenhausen is located.

Important Note: The train tickets to and from Oranienburg aren't included in the tour cost. You'll need a Berlin transit ticket that includes zones A, B, and C, which is about €8 for the round-trip to and from Oranienburg.

A valid Berlin ABC Zone WelcomeCard also works.

Once you arrive in Oranienburg, you'll walk with your guide for 20-30 minutes to the memorial. Make sure to wear comfortable walking shoes!

At the site, your guide will lead you around the site, teaching you about the history of the camp's origin, the timeline of the atrocities that were committed at the camp, and tell stories of the brave prisoners and those who were lucky to survive.

The outstanding guides truly make this tour one of the best. The guides are expert historians who are licensed and trained by the Sachsenhausen Memorial Authority.

"Great tour with a guide who was incredibly knowledgeable and an excellent communicator. The camp would be difficult to navigate on your own so having a guide walking you through the different portions and giving context was essential in my opinion." - Ruben S. ( Read more reviews )

As a bonus, the tour provider makes a €3 donation to the Memorial Authority on behalf of each guest, which contributes to the upkeep of the Memorial.

Although the tour is a somber experience, you'll return to Berlin with a greater understanding of the history of Sachsenhausen and the prisoners who were held there.

In my opinion, this is the best guided tour of Sachsenhausen from Berlin . And with nearly 2000 5-star reviews, it seems that other travelers agree!

IMPORTANT INFO

• Tour Duration: 6 hours
• Starting Time: 10:00 AM
• Meeting Point: Outside Friedrichstraße Train Station
• What's Included: Expert historian guide, pick-up and drop-off from the center of Berlin, a tour of Sachsenhausen, €3 donation to the Sachsenhausen Memorial Authority
• What's Not Included: Hotel pick-ups and drop-offs, food and drink, gratuities
• Size of Tour: Maximum of 30 travelers

Book this Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Memorial Tour from Berlin

⭐️ RATING: 4.5 out of 5 Stars (read more reviews ) | TOUR LENGTH: 4 hours | BOOK NOW

If you want the same great tour as the one above but with private transportation, then this tour is for you!

The Sachensenhausen Concentration Camp Memorial Small Group Bus Tour from Berlin is nearly the exact same tour as the above Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Memorial tour, except it includes private bus transportation rather than taking public transportation to Sachsenhausen.

It's also a couple of hours shorter because you'll be driving directly to Sachsenhausen instead of taking the train and then walking to the camp.

After meeting the group, you'll board the air-conditioned bus that will take you directly to Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp.

There, the expertly-trained historian guide will lead you on a tour of the camp and memorial, teaching a masterclass in World War II history as you walk through the camp's barracks, administrative buildings, and crematoriums.

Phil was our guide and he shared valuable and informative historic background before reaching the camp. The details he provided on site brought to life what happened there. Highly recommend the visit and Phil as guide. - Pamela K. ( Read more reviews )

After the extremely educational and thought-provoking tour, you'll board the bus and head back to Berlin.

In addition to the knowledgeable guides, this tour is great because it includes private transportation on a comfortable bus with a maximum of just 25 travelers.

• Tour Duration: 4 hours
• What's Included: Expert historian guide, pick-up and drop-off from the center of Berlin, private transportation on an air-conditioned bus, guided tour of Sachsenhausen
• Size of Tour: Maximum of 25 travelers

Book this Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Small Group Bus Tour from Berlin

⭐️ RATING: 4.1 out of 5 Stars (read more reviews ) | TOUR LENGTH: 7 hours | BOOK NOW

If you're short on time and want to make the most of your day trip from Berlin , then this Sachsenhausen and Potsdam combo day tour is perfect for you.

After you meet your guide and fellow tourmates, you'll board a private bus and head towards Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp and Memorial for a guided visit of the camp.

There, your guide will take you on an educational tour around the camp. You'll learn about how the camp was run, the different jobs that were forced upon the prisoners, and more about the camp's history.

Next, you'll board the bus again and head towards Potsdam, the former Slavic town turned Royal residence.

Enjoy a guided walk of the palaces and gardens of Potsdam before having some free time to explore on your own.

After some time in Potsdam, you'll board the bus again and head back to Berlin while reflecting on your day.

Tours are led by bilingual English and Spanish guides. You'll be packing in a lot of exploration in just 7 hours, which some travelers said felt rushed, but this is a great way to see a lot if you have limited time.

"Chisca was wonderful. My son and I were the only English speaking travelers in the group but Chisca made every effort to pull aside and explain details to us is English. The concentration camp was sad but important to see. Potsdam was beautiful. We actually decided to stay there for dinner and skip the bus ride back! - GetYourGuide traveler ( Read more reviews )

• Tour Duration: 7 hours
• Starting Time: 9:30 AM
• Meeting Point: Brunnen der Völkerfreundschaft Fountain in Alexanderplatz
• What's Included: English/Spanish-speaking guide, private transportation to and from Berlin, guided tour of Sachsenhausen, guided tour of Potsdam

Book this Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp & Potsdam Tour from Berlin

You can independently visit Sachsenhausen from Berlin without taking a guided tour.

To get to Sachsenhausen, take the S Bahn or a regional train from Berlin to Oranienburg Station (S Oranienburg Bhf).

You can easily get to Oranienburg from pretty much any station in Berlin. Use Rome2Rio to find out the best route and trains to take from your starting point.

One of the easiest stations to leave Berlin from is Friedrichstraße . From there, the trip to Oranienburg will take about 45 minutes.

To take the train to Oranienburg, you'll need an ABC zone ticket, which is €3.80 each way. A Berlin ABC Zone WelcomeCard will also work.

Once you get to Oranienburg, you have a couple of options for getting to Sachsenhausen.

You can walk from the train station to the memorial, which takes about 20 to 30 minutes. Bring comfy shoes if you plan on walking because you'll probably be doing a lot of walking and standing at the memorial as well.

The bus (#804 and #821) also runs from Oranienburg Station to a stop called Sachsenhausen Gedenkstätte , which is a short walk from the memorial. Taking the bus is the easiest way to get to Sachsenhausen from Oranienburg Station.

Even if you don't opt for a guided tour of Sachsenhausen from Berlin, I highly recommend taking one of the public guided tours offered on-site.

These tours cost €3 and run twice on Saturdays, once at 11:00 AM and again at 2:00 PM.

If you're not visiting on a day that the guided tours are held, you can rent an audio guide for €3.50.

You can learn more about the guided tours and audio guides on the official Sachsenhausen Memorial website .

One of the most important things to bring, or wear, on a tour of Sachsenhausen is a comfortable pair of shoes.

While touring the site, you'll be doing a lot of walking and standing. Plus, some tours require you to walk to and from the memorial from the train station, which takes about 30 minutes.

Keep an eye on the weather forecast as well. For much of the tour, you'll be outside, so you'll want to have a warm coat if it's cold outside and a rain jacket or umbrella if it's raining.

It's also a good idea to bring some snacks and a reusable water bottle as most tours don't include food or drinks.

Most guided tours of Sachsenhausen from Berlin last between 4-6 hours, depending on whether you take public or private transportation.

You can plan on spending at least 2-3 hours exploring the memorial. The guided tours offered at the memorial last for 2 hours.

As you can see, you have quite a few great options for guided tours of Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp and Memorial from Berlin.

You can opt for a cheaper tour that takes public transportation or splurge a little for a great tour with private transport. Or, if you want to pack a lot into one day, choose a Sachsenhausen + Potsdam combo day tour!

Taking a guided tour of Sachsenhausen rather than going on your own gives you a deeper insight into the history of the camp.

You'll hear from historians who are experts on the site – not only do they know the history of Sachsenhausen, but they also know the stories of the prisoners who were held there.

After your tour, you'll return to Berlin (or your home city) with a new understanding of World War II history that is deeper than anything you could read about in a textbook.

Got an image problem? Buy a sports team or invest in a league like PGA-LIV. These Arab countries did

Alexander the Great and the ancient Greeks did it. The British Empire did it. Hitler's Germany did it.

The use of sports to burnish a country's reputation is not a new tactic, but the practice has been enthusiastically embraced by Arab nations intent on translating their oil wealth into another form of global influence, experts say.

The issue has come to the fore because of the PGA Tour's merger this month with Saudi Arabia-funded LIV Golf . The U.S. Senate has opened an inquiry into the terms of the arrangement.

"International sports was historically institutionalized and governed by the Western world and global North," said Yoav Dubinsky, a sports business researcher at the University of Oregon.

"(It) certainly did not start in the Arab Gulf."

'Golf's ultimate power broker': How Jimmy Dunne helped facilitate PGA Tour-LIV Golf merger

PGA Tour and LIV Golf, the historical playbook

In ancient Greece, cradle of the Olympic Games, warring kings used athletic competition as a means to explore reconciliation. At the start of the 20th century, at the same time as more than 150,000 South Africans were being held in British concentration camps, authorities in London sent cricket and rugby teams to the country to build relationships with local populations. The 1936 Berlin Olympic Games was a Nazi propaganda show.

China plowed ahead with its 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics despite intense scrutiny − in part, perhaps, because of this scrutiny; to meet it head on − from Western nations and human rights groups about mass abuses against Muslim Uyghurs, Tibetans and other ethnic groups − abuses which Beijing strenuously denies.

Years before Russia invaded Ukraine, and as Moscow sought to build a natural-gas pipeline under the Baltic Sea from Russia to Germany, President Vladimir Putin attempted to gain support for the controversial project by pushing a sponsorship deal between Russian state energy company Gazprom and a soccer team that played in the Bundesliga, Germany's professional league, according to Simon Chadwick, an expert on sports and geopolitics at Skema, a France-based business school.

Winter Olympics: Tennis star Peng Shuai is vanishing. Much like China's #MeToo movement

Ambushed, strangled, dismembered

More recently, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates have used sports to paper over a questionable reputation .

Saudi Arabia's leadership − the same government that U.S. intelligences agencies concluded authorized its operatives to ambush, strangle and dismember regime critic Jamal Khashoggi − spent billions this month in the world of golf to engineer the fusion of PGA Tour and LIV Golf. One reason Qatar, ruled by a repressive monarchy, sought to host the 2022 soccer World Cup was to exert its international credentials in a neighborhood where it is plagued by security concerns. (That plan backfired. Instead, attention was drawn to Qatar's discrimination against women, LGBTQ people, journalists, migrant workers and others.) The United Arab Emirates has poured vast sums -- hundreds of millions -- into sponsoring at least half a dozen professional soccer teams cross Europe, as well as hosting lavish sports events from Formula One motor racing to horse-racing events. Nowhere is this perhaps more evident than in the glitzy emirate of Dubai, whose leader kidnapped, drugged and imprisoned his own daughter .

Princess Latifa of Dubai: How the FBI played a role in her capture

"These are economies that are hugely overly dependent on one sector − oil and gas − so they have to diversify and sports is one part of their diversification plans," said Chadwick.

"They are also going through a period of sociocultural and political transformation and the origins of that date back to the Arab Spring uprisings (in 2010). A lot of what these Gulf autocracies are afraid of is 26-year-olds with Molotov cocktails knocking on the doors and saying, 'this country hasn't changed. Far too conservative, far too religious, not enough choice. We don't want you in power anymore.' The sports investment is partly to secure the ruling families of these various countries. The implicit social contract in all of this − the bargain − is: 'we'll give you (soccer star) Cristiano Ronaldo, Formula One, rock concerts, cinema, but don't challenge us."

Still, sports researcher Dubinsky said the deliberate use of sports for "nation-branding and public diplomacy," often referred to as "sportswashing," is something the U.S. is engaged in as well. He said that the U.S. uses public displays of patriotism at sports events and "military traditions" at the Super Bowl and elsewhere to promote national identity and "spread American culture and American capitalism worldwide."

And Chadwick said that often when he travels to the Middle East he is challenged by local stakeholders to explain the difference between an Arab country investing in a European soccer team and the NBA's global promotion.

"Arab Gulf region people will say things to me like, 'Well, what about George Floyd (the Black man murdered by Minneapolis police in May 2020)? So here is a country that shoots people, innocent people dead in the streets. And yet as you travel the world everyone's obsessed with the NBA. Isn't that sportswashing?' Now, I can kind of see the point. But for me, what drives to the very heart of this is: is there intent in this? Did Donald Trump or Joe Biden deliberately use the NBA to cover up George Floyd's murder? Of course not."

It won't only be about Saudi Arabia's image

For Lina Al-Hathloul these are not abstract debates.

Her sister Loujain, a prominent Saudi human rights activist, was released from prison in 2021. But she has a suspended sentence and is banned from traveling outside Saudi Arabia. While in prison, she endured torture, solitary confinement and long periods of incommunicado detention, according to Human Rights Watch .

Among the charges leveled against her when she was arrested in 2018 were sharing information about women's rights in Saudi Arabia with activists overseas. She had also spent years publicly advocating for an end to discrimination against women, including abolishing Saudi Arabia's abusive male guardianship system and a driving ban on women. The driving ban officially ended the same year she was arrested.

"In the short run, the Saudis want to buy a new image," said Lina Al-Hathloul, who works for a human rights group in Belgium that focuses on her home country. "The authorities really want us to think about Ronaldo instead of Khashoggi. It's about fame and glitter and entertainment and hosting international events."

But in the long run, said Al-Hathloul, "it won't only be about image. (Saudi Arabia) will move from soft power to hard power − meaning it will have its tentacles everywhere in terms of governing and different industries. It will reach a point where it has the power and the money, and it won't care about its image anymore or try to pretend."