is the reichstag tour worth it

Is the Reichstag Worth Visiting? An Expert’s Guide to Reichstag Tours!

By: Author Corinne Vail

Posted on Published: 20 May 13  - Last updated: 12 March 23

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Is the Reichstag worth visiting? Absolutely! The Reichstag is a must-see in Berlin, so use this amazing guide to plan any Reichstag tours!

A stone’s throw from the famous Brandenburg Gate–the iconic symbol of the border where East Germany meets West–the Reichstag (parliament or diet) building looms large and imposing.

The neo-renaissance facade, complete with massive columns, fit in well in the late 1890s when it was initially conceived to represent the power and might of the newly united German Empire.

With a little bit of advance planning, you can tour this symbol of German power and resilience on your weekend trip to Berlin .

In this article, you’ll learn:

Why is the Reichstag Worth Visiting?

• A New Dome for a New Day
• Planning Your Visit to the Reichstag and Reichstag Tours

Getting to the Reichstag

In 1933  the Reichstag was badly damaged in a fire Hitler blamed on the Communists. Whether true or not, he used this as the trigger allowing him to gain emergency powers and thus begin his dictatorship.

After World War II,  the West German Parliament moved their proceedings to Bonn and, although partially repaired and reconstructed, the Reichstag sat largely unused sadly waiting for the day when East and West would be reunited.

That reunification finally came about at the end of the Cold War at midnight on October 3rd, 1990. About four years later, it was decided to move the seat of Federal power and the Bundestag back to Berlin.

However, the Reichstag was in dire need of repairs and thus renovations began under the direction of the brilliant, British architect, Norman Foster.

A New Dome For A New Day

Both the old and new Reichstag had a dome, but the new dome was to be an energy-efficient symbol of modern architecture. This new dome is a windowed structure of steel, mirrors, and light that extends from the dome to hang over the seating area of the diet, flooding the chamber in soft, diffused natural light.

Visitors to the dome find that smaller ceiling dome surrounded by informational panels about the Reichstag and the dome’s construction; you’re also given a bird’s eye view down into the seats of power below.

Then there is a funnel-shaped cone to allow for fresh air circulation. It rises up out of the central chamber and vents directly out through the top of  the dome. When we were there, a soft rain was falling and it just made the experience that much more tangible.

To get to the uppermost part of the dome, you walk up a spiral ramp and come down the ramp on the other side. So that if you look closely, one level is ascending and the other is descending. The entire time you can listen to the audio-tour which is full of fascinating information, both cultural and technical.

On the bottom level of the dome you can go outside and walk around, take in the views of Berlin’s skyline. You can also go to the restaurant for a first-class meal, although, it’s a good idea to book ahead if you want to have dinner there.

Is The Reichstag Worth Visiting? Planning Your Visit To The Reichstag and Reichstag Tours

Be aware, it takes some advance planning to visit the Reichstag. Very rarely can you walk up and just go in right away. In fact, according to the official website , “advance online registration is required.”

Still, it is possible to visit the dome and the rooftop terrace on a space-available basis. Make your way to the visitor’s information center nearby on Scheidemannstr. Here you can sign up for any openings on upcoming Reichstag tours that day or in the following two days.

The best choice is to sign up for Bundestag visit online registration. Again, be sure to have your visitors’ last and first names, as well as their date of birth. Visits can only be booked for the current month or the following month. Also, be aware that Reichstag tours may be canceled without notice for security or weather reasons.

Planned closures do occur throughout the year, but these are usually well identified on the visitor registration website. However, is the Reightstag worth visiting without touring the incredible dome? No, I don’t think it would be worth the time. So, make sure it won’t be closed for cleaning when you’re visiting Berlin.

Getting around Berlin is easy and convenient using the public transportation system of buses, trams, trolleys, and trains. The Reichstag, part of the Bundestag complex, is has stops on just about all of the transportation options. 

S-Bahn – Brandenburger Tor (S1,S2, S25); U-Bahn – Bundestag or Brandenburger Tor (U55) Bus – Bundestag (100), Brandenburger Tor (100, 147, 200, TXL)

Is the Reichstag worth visiting? Absolutely! Just make sure to book one of the many Reichstag tours offers daily so that you can see the amazing central dome the next time you spend spring in Germany . Because like the secret passages of the Tempelhof Airpor t, a visit to the Reichstag is well worth your time.

Author Bio: Corinne Vail is a travel photographer, food lover, and a perpetual traveler who has been travel writing for over 14 years. For many years she lived overseas in Germany, Japan, Turkey, South Korea, and the Netherlands teaching the children of the US. military. She’s visited over 90 countries, and she’s not stopping anytime soon.

Reichstag Dome Tickets & Tours – Everything you Should Know

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Are you planning to visit the Reichstag building in Berlin ? Visitors can visit its dome and rooftop terrace, which offer amazing views of the parliamentary and Berlin’s sights. On this post, you will learn how to get Reichstag tickets , how to skip the line and beat the queue, how to book a guided tour, how to plan your visit, and some useful tips.

How much do Reichstag Dome tickets cost?

How to book reichstag tickets, how do you skip the line, are reichstag guided tours worth it, what will you see, what are the reichstag dome opening hours, what is the best time to visit the reichstag dome how can you avoid the crowd, travel tips.

The Reichstag Dome is an important part of Germany’s political history, and a must-see place to visit during any trip to Berlin. Learn more about this important and iconic part of Germany’s history, and experience fantastic views from the dome, across the city, as well as a unique insight into the German parliament below you.

Click on the following link if you wish to book Reichstag tickets right now.

Admission is free to visit the Reichstag Dome in Berlin, however to get tickets, you will need to register in advance.

There are three options to get Reichstag tickets: either book online advanced tickets , get same-day tickets at the office desk, or book a guided tour including a ticket .

Advanced Reichstag tickets

Fortunately, Reichstag tickets are free of charge however advance registration is required. You may register on the official website . You will need to fill up a form providing each visitor’s last name, first name and date of birth. You will receive your booking confirmation by email once you are registered.

Same day Reichstag tickets

If you have not booked in advance and wish to visit the Reichstag Dome on the same day, you can register to do so at the Service Centre near the Reichstag Building on the south side of Scheidemannstraße. Tickets are issued a minimum of 2 hours and a maximum of 2 days before the time of your visit.

There are no guarantee that any free places will be available at the time of your visit. This is why we strongly recommend you to book your tickets in advance.

If tickets are sold out, you may consider booking a guided tour.

Reichstag guided tour

Various guided tours are available when the Parliament is not sitting, ranging from €14 up to over €200 for a private tour with lunch included. There are several travel websites offering such guided tours. We highly recommend you to compare all the deals available so you can book the one that fit best your travel needs.

• Compare Reichstag Dome guided tours

Wondering why many visitors book Reichstag Dome tickets in advance even though the admission is free of charge?

The Reichstag is one of Berlin’ busiest sites and the waiting line can be incredibly long. If you wish to beat the queue, you must book online advanced tickets on the official website or a guided tour through a travel agency such as Getyourguide or Viator.

• Reichstag Dome guided tours

A guided tour of the Reichstag Dome is one of the most rewarding and fascinating ways to see this iconic part of Berlin, as it will allow you to learn much more about it, with a an expert to show you around. There are lots of advantages to choosing a guided tour, such as:

Learn more about the city’s history : Berlin has an important and diverse history, spanning through the major events of the 20 th century which have left their mark behind on the city, including the Second World War, and the Cold War. Having a historical expert guide you through the city’s important landmarks with a guided tour give you a chance to learn the stories behind the facts, and make a deeper connection with its past.

Avoid the crowds and lines : With many tourists visiting the city, waiting times to get into the Reichstag Dome and other attractions around Berlin can often involve lengthy waiting times, but booking a guided tour can take the waiting out of it. Instead, as your guide will already have your tickets, you can simply meet at the relevant point and go straight into the entrance.

Have a more personal experience : Private guided tours can be much more intimate and unique, and give you a more memorable encounter with Berlin. Instead of travelling with a crowd, you can enjoy exploring with a smaller group.

There are a lot of guided tours available. Compare and pick your prefered one and enjoy the visit.

The Reichstag Dome is part of the Reichstag building, an important historic building in Berlin, that was first constructed in 1894, housing the country’s parliament. After suffering serious damage from bombing in the Second World War, the German parliament decided to have the Reichstag rebuilt, with further restorations over the years. In the 1990s, the prize-winning architect, Sir Norman Foster, was commissioned to transform the building with the construction of the Reichstag Dome, a bold and striking contemporary glass addition to the classical 19 th century building.

The Reichstag Dome is designed to demonstrate the union of the modern world and Germany’s history, and pays tribute to a unified German parliament, after the fall of East Germany and the end of the Cold War. Made of steel and glass, the Dome is an impressive, high tech creation that allows incredible 360-degree views over Berlin from its roof terraces, with a spiral ramp winding up to the highest levels. Open from morning to midnight, you can take in breath-taking views during the day time, as well as the striking sight of the city lit up after dark.

As well as providing great views, the Reichstag Dome also has a unique feature, with an inverted cone of mirrors at its centre, which reflects light from above, into the chambers of parliament below. Visitors can both look out across the city, as well as take a look down into the building beneath the dome. With the debating chamber for the German parliament placed right below the dome, visitors can view the country’s parliament in action.

With a rooftop restaurant located next to the Reichstag Dome, visitors can take in the impressive views from above and enjoy a drink, snack or meal.

The Reichstag Dome is open to visitors between 8 am to midnight, and admissions are allowed every 15 minutes. The last admission of the day is at 9:45 pm.

The Reichstag Dome is closed to visitors on 24 December all day, and from 4 pm onwards on 31 December. Throughout the year, the dome is closed for some days to allow cleaning and maintenance work to be carried out. To find out when the dome may be closed for this, please check the official website. When the dome is closed, the roof terrace may still be open to visitors.

To visit the Reichstag Dome, you have to have an advance booking, either by booking on the day at the service centre, or ahead of your visit, by booking online. This means that the number of visitors inside is quite well managed and not too crowded. For great views over the city, it’s worth visiting during the day time, but for a more theatrical experience, a nighttime visit can be much more dramatic.

It is essential to register for tickets when visiting the Reichstag Dome in Berlin, either by booking in advance online before the day of your planned visit, or on-site at the visitors’ service centre. If you haven’t booked ahead and would like to visit on the day, you’ll need to go to the service centre to find out if free places for that day are available – these will be issued a minimum of two hours ahead of your visit. The service centre can also book tickets for up to two days ahead.

When registering to visit the dome at the service centre, you will need to provide official photo identification, such as a student card, driver’s license or passport – please make sure that you bring an original, as copies will not be accepted. Bookings cannot be transferred to other people, and you will be asked for proof of identity at the main entrance before going in.

Berlin's Reichstag: The Complete Guide

See Berlin from the Glass-topped Government Building

Reichstag Building

The Reichstag in Berlin is the working seat of German Parliament, as well as a top tourist attraction in the city . Located steps away from the Brandenburger Tor (Brandenburg Gate), this is a must-see for its historical importance, as well as its panoramic views of Berlin .

Follow the complete guide to the Berlin Reichstag for a brief historical overview as well as helpful information for visitors including how to register beforehand and what to expect.

History of the Berlin Reichstag

The building known as the Reichstag was built between 1884 and 1894. Begun by Wilhelm I, it was built to house an expanding government. It cost a staggering 24 million marks (largely drawn from French war reparations) and had chambers for the Reichstag (lower house) and the Bundesrat (upper house). The now iconic words, " Dem Deutschen Volke ("To the German people"), were put above the main entrance signifying the rise of a democratic society. 

The building featured modern amenities like telephones and indoor toilets with running water, but the most noticeable difference from the outside was that there was a glass and gold dome rather than its current translucent snow globe of glass.

What changed the appearance of the building and the course of the nation is the 1933 fire. For causes still officially unknown, a fire erupted in the Reichstag, allowing Hitler to use the incident to seize total control of the government in a moment of political hysteria. He blamed the fire on the communists, but there is speculation that his own supporters started the fire. This was one of the moments that directly led to World War II.

Throughout the war, the Reichstag stood in shambles, enduring heavy bombing along with the rest of the city. It was also served as a symbol for the end of the war when a Soviet soldier raised a USSR flag over the ruined Reichstag on May 2, 1945.

After the war, the parliament of the German Democratic Republic was moved to Palast der Republik in East Berlin with the parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany moving to the Bundeshaus in Bonn .

In the 1960s, attempts at saving the building were made, but a full renovation wasn't complete until reunification on October 3rd, 1990. Architect Norman Foster took on the project and in 1999 the Reichstag became the meeting place of the German parliament again. Its new modern glass dome was a realization of the theory of glasnost  (new, open policy in the Soviet Union where people could freely express their opinions.)

Today, visitors can explore the dome and upper terrace,as well as tour the Bundestag chamber (with reservations and a guide). While you make your way through the site, an excellent audioguide provides context and you can enjoy one of the best views of the Berlin skyline.

How to Visit Berlin's Reichstag

Visiting the Reichstag is free and easy to arrange, but it does require advance online registration . Requests can be made in English and should only be submitted with a complete list of participants including surname, first name and date of birth.

If you do not register beforehand, it may be possible to check with security below and sign-up for a later time if you provide ID. However, note that this is not always possible.

Even with registration, there is often a line to get into the Reichstag. But don't worry, it moves fast and it is worth the wait. Be prepared to show your ID (preferably a passport) and go through a metal detector. For disabled visitors, families with small children, and visitors who have reservations for the Reichstag restaurant, guides will escort you to a special elevator entrance.

There are additional services like guided tours, exhibitions, lectures, and you can even sit in on a plenary session . You can watch the government debates live from the public gallery for about an hour (note that this is in German).

Opening Hours at the Reichstag

• Daily: 8:00 til 24:00 hrs (last admission: 21.45 hrs)
• Admission every quarter of an hour
• Admission: Free

What to do at Berlin's Reichstag

Reichstag audioguide.

While 90-minute guided tours take place at every day at specific times (9:00, 10:30, 12:00, 1:30 pm, 3:30 pm, 5:00 pm,6:30 pm, 8:00 pm), anyone can take advantage of the comprehensive audioguide.

As soon as you exit the elevator atop the building you can pick up your set in a variety of languages. It provides insightful commentary on the city, its buildings, and history over the course of a 20 minute, 230-metre-long ascent up the dome. Special audioguides are also available for children and for people with disabilities.

Reichstag Restaurant

The Berlin Reichstag is the only parliamentary building in the world that features a public restaurant. Restaurant Käfer at Bundestag and its roof garden are located on the top of the Reichstag, offering breakfast, lunch and dinner at reasonable prices – breathtaking views included.

Hours: 9:00 to 4:30; 6:30 pm to midnight.

Where to Stay near Berlin's Reichstag

The luxurious Ritz-Carlton within Potsdamer Platz is nearby and offers an outstanding level of service. The Mandala Hotel and Grand Hyatt are other high-quality options in the area.

However, it is not necessary to stay in Mitte (centeral neighborhood) to experience the highlights of Berlin. With the city's fantastic transport system, it is better to stay where the people actually live and visit these tourist hot spots during the day for better prices and a more authentic experience.

How to Get to the Reichstag

• Address : Platz der Republik 1, 10557 Berlin
• U & S-Bahn : U55 Brandenburger Tor or Friedrichstraße
• Bus Station : Unter den Linden (take Bus 100)
• Driving : While roads curve around the building, it is quite busy and there is minimal parking available. There are a few private parking garage options.

What to Do Around Berlin's Reichstag

This area is full of the top tourist sites and a visit tothe reichstag can easily be included in your itinerary .

• Brandenburg Gate
• Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
• Potsdamer Platz
• Unter den Linden

Top 10 Free Things to Do in Berlin

Berlin's Potsdamer Platz: The Complete Guide

15 Things to Do in Berlin, Germany

Your Trip to Berlin: The Complete Guide

48 Hours in Berlin: The Ultimate Itinerary

Best Spas in Berlin

Berlin's Mitte Neighborhood: The Complete Guide

New Year's Celebrations in Germany: The Complete Guide

The Brandenburg Gate

Best Berlin Attractions with Panoramic Views

Our 7 Favorite Rainy Day Activities in Berlin

11 Best Things to Do in Potsdam, Germany

The Best UNESCO Sites in Germany

Guide to the Tiergarten in Berlin

Germany Guide: Planning Your Trip

Top 10 Attractions in Germany

Guide to the Reichstag Building Free Tour in Berlin

This post contains links which earn me a small commission at no cost to you.

Ali Garland, Berlin expert & long term resident What to Do

Berlin’s Reichstag Building is where the German parliament meets, and you can actually take a free tour in the unique glass dome on top. The Reichstag Building free tour is one of the most popular things to do in Berlin, which means it books up in advance. It’s quite an interesting place to visit, so I highly recommend it.

In this article, I’ll explain how to book the free Reichstag tour , what to expect on the tour, info about the history of the building, and more. Plus I’ll tell you how to visit the Reichstag even if you don’t have a reservation.

What you'll find here

Berlin Sightseeing Tours near the Reichstag Building

Aside from the free tour in the Reichstag Building, you might be interested in some other tours nearby. Sightseeing tours can be a great way to see a lot of things in a short amount of time. The information guides provide can really make exploring a city more enjoyable.

• Discover Berlin Half-Day Walking Tour : Informative walking tour that includes Victory Column, Brandenburg Gate, Reichstag, Holocaust Memorial, Checkpoint Charlie, the Topography of Terror, and more
• Berlin Highlights Small-Group Bike Tour : Explore Berlin on two wheels, including Victory Column, Brandenburg Gate, Reichstag Building, Holocaust Memorial, Berlin Wall Memorial, East Side Gallery, and more
• Berlin City Highlights Walking Tour : This walking tour also includes lots of Berlin attractions such as Brandenburg Gate, Tiergarten, Victory Column, Government district, Museum Island, and more

Where to stay in Berlin

Berlin has lots of great neighborhoods for you to stay in and explore. If you’re visiting Berlin for the first time, it might be best for you stay somewhere central.

Many of the attractions are in Mitte or easily connected to Mitte by Berlin’s public transport , so you should stay somewhere in that region. Here are a few hotels we recommend.

BUDGET: Circus Hostel Popular hostel with a bar/brewery downstairs

MIDRANGE: Circus Hotel Centrally located near restaurants & transport

UPSCALE: Westin Grand Centrally located, can chisel off your own piece of the Berlin Wall

UPSCALE: Westin Grand Luxury hotel where you can chisel off your own piece of the Berlin Wall

APARTMENT: Adina Apartment Hotel Kitchenette; near grocery stores, shopping, Museum Island

For a more detailed look at the different neighborhoods and our hotel recommendations, check out our guide to where to stay in Berlin .

Or read my full review of the 25Hours Hotel in Charlottenburg with fantastic views of the Zoo and Tiergarten.

History and Facts about the Reichstag Building

The Reichstag Building opened in 1894 and was the seat of the German government until 1933 when a fire greatly damaged the building. Rather than repair the building, it was neglected, and this is seen as the end of the Weimar Republic and the strengthening of the Nazi dictatorship. The building suffered further damage during World War II .

During the Cold War , when Berlin was divided into East and West, the Reichstag Building sat in the West just steps from the Berlin Wall . The seat of the German government was moved to Bonn, and though the building was somewhat repaired, it was seldom used.

After reunification, the building was redesigned and restored. It opened in 1999, and the German Parliament returned here once again.

How to make a reservation for the free Reichstag Building tour

The process of making a reservation for the free Reichstag tour is pretty simple but does involve several steps and several emails. And since it’s one of the most popular free things to do in Berlin , it can often be booked up weeks ahead of time. Let’s take a look at how to do it.

Select the tour option you want

You can sometimes book a 90 minute tour with a guide that also includes visiting the dome with an audio guide. However, this option is only available on certain days, and only when parliament is not in session, so it’s not an option all that often.

The easier and more popular option is the 20 minute dome visit with an audio guide.

Got to the Reichstag website here to register . Read through for dates they’re closed and any other important info before clicking the online registration link.

Before you even get to the point where you select your date, you have to agree to various terms and conditions and put in a captcha. Then you will have to choose a date and time, and it will allow you to give up to three different choices for time slots.

At this point, you fill in your name and email address, and then submit.

They will email you a confirmation email, so if you don’t see it within a few minutes, check your spam folder.

Note: You’re not finished yet! Getting that email is not the end.

In the confirmation email is a link. Click this link to fill in your visitor information. You have 24 hours to do this from the moment you receive the email, so do it immediately.

At this point they ask for your birthday, so be sure you’re putting it in European format. That is day.month.year, so if your birthday is May 3, 1979, you will need to enter 03.05.1979.

Then you’ll get another automated confirmation email with a PDF. This is still only confirming that they have received your request, it’s not confirmation of your appointment for the tour. But there’s nothing else for you to do at this point.

I got my actual confirmation shortly afterwards. But make sure you look at the details closely. I’ve taken this tour a few times, and the most recent time, the booking process went a little wonky.

I selected a date that was available on their calendar, and when I finally received my booking confirmation, it said the dome was closed for cleaning that entire week. Since I selected the dome only option, I don’t really understand why it even let me try to book a day during that time frame. But this is a government that still relies heavily on fax machines, so anything goes.

I still went, and the rooftop terrace was open, so I was still able to walk around outside of the glass dome and get pictures. The audio guide is not available when the dome is closed, so I’m not sure it’s worth doing in this case.

I think it was just bad timing on my part. On the initial info page for registering, the week I booked was not listed as closed. But a few days later, it was listed. I didn’t see any way of rescheduling, so I could’ve just started over and booked another date.

How to do the free Reichstag tour without advanced booking

Maybe you didn’t hear about the Reichstag free tour in time to get a booking, but that doesn’t mean all hope is lost. There is still a possibility of getting a last minute reservation once you arrive in Berlin. And there are tours that could work for you.

Tours to get into the Reichstag Building

I found several tours you can book that take you into the Reichstag Building. They do the full tour, when possible, and they’re pretty cheap. This tour looks like it has the best chance of offering you information in English, although it still sounds like there’s a presentation portion in German. But you will always get the audio guide of the glass dome in English, or one of several other languages if you prefer.

Last minute booking

Across the street from the security entrance, there is a little hut for same day tickets. Go over here as early as possible because you have to register at least two hours ahead of time.

There’s a sign in the window showing how many time slots are available for that day and the next few days. So in theory, you might be able to grab a time slot a day or two ahead of time.

You will need to bring your passport to this registration spot in order to get your name on the list. This goes for everyone in your group.

The location isn’t really labeled on Google maps, but look for this restaurant and gift shop building . It’s immediately next door.

How to get to the Reichstag Building

The address for the Reichstag building is: Platz der Republik 1, 11011 Berlin.

For the free tour, you will need to go to the security control entrance, located on the southern side of the building. The address for this is Scheidemannstraße 5, 10557 Berlin .

The closest Ubahn station is Bundestag on the U5, but it’s also very close to the S&U Brandenburger Tor station. Or if you’re coming by bus 100, get out at the Reichstag/Bundestag bus stop.

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Join the Facebook group here to chat with Ali (she runs this site) and other people who have been to Berlin for tips.

FAQs and important info for the day of your Reichstag tour

Here are some frequently asked questions and things you should know before your visit to the Berlin Reichstag Building.

What to wear on your visit

Since you’ll be walking during the audio guide tour of the Reichstag Building, and it’s likely only one stop on a big day of sightseeing, you’ll be on your feet a lot. Wear comfortable shoes, and dress for the weather at the time of year you’re visiting Berlin . Don’t forget, the terrace is outdoors.

>>Read: What to Wear & What to Pack for Berlin, Germany: Your Ultimate Berlin Packing List

What do you need to bring to the tour?

When you arrive for your free Reichstag tour, make sure everyone in your group has government issued ID. For most people, this means you should being your passport.

Arrive at least 15 minutes before your scheduled time because they will need to check your ID and check you off their list. You have to go through security, kind of like at the airport.

Can you bring bags on the Reichstag tour?

Small bags, like a purse or small backpack, are allowed. I even saw people with big shopping bags. But large luggage is not allowed. If you have large bags or luggage with you, it’s about a 15 minute walk to Berlin Hbf where you can find luggage lockers.

Are dogs allowed on the tour?

No, dogs are not allowed, except for official service dogs.

Is the Reichstag Building accessible?

Yes, if you are a wheelchair user, you can still take the free audio guide tour of the Reichstag Building.

When is the best time to visit the Reichstag Building?

Any time is a good time to do the free audio guide in the dome. But there are some nice views of Berlin from the terrace, so if you are able to plan your visit a little before sunset, you’ll get some pretty pictures.

Things to do near the Reichstag Building in Berlin

With so many other things to do near the Reichstag Building, you’re spoiled for options. And besides the things I’ve listed below, you’ll have easy access to public transport, so you can get to another part of the city for sightseeing.

Tiergarten is a huge inner-city park, one of the largest in Berlin. Originally a hunting ground dating back to 1527, this vast green space has become one of the most loved public parks in Berlin over the years.

Throughout the park there are statues, memorials, ponds, tree-lined thoroughfares, and lawns. When the weather’s warm in Berlin, it’s here that people flock for strolling, picnicking, and generally hanging out, making it a great spot to people-watch.

Tiergarten is located just south of the Reichstag Building. Check out my full guide to visiting Tiergarten Park in Berlin .

Brandenburg Gate

Brandenburg Gate , or Brandenburger Tor in German, is one of the most recognizable landmarks in Germany , and it’s just a few minutes walking from the Reichstag Building. It was one of the old city gates marking the edge of Berlin, though today it’s very much in the center of the city.

When the Berlin Wall stood, Brandenburg Gate was on the East but only barely. The Wall was built around it, making it inaccessible by residents of either side.

This is a great place for pictures, and one of Berlin’s most famous landmarks .

Victory Column

Berlin’s Victory Column , or Siegessäule in German, is one of the more recognizable monuments in the city. It sits at a roundabout in the middle of Tiergarten Park, and it was initially built as a monument to Prussia’s victory in the Franco-German war.

The column stands at 67 meters (about 220 feet) high and has an observation deck you can reach by paying a small entrance fee. After climbing the 285 stairs, the tower provides excellent views of the surrounding park and the city of Berlin.

This is one of the many wonderful inexpensive things you can do in Berlin , and it’s one of my favorite spots for views, if you can handle all those stairs.

Holocaust Memorial

The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe , often referred to as the Holocaust Memorial, honors the large number of Jewish people who died at the hands of the Nazis. It’s one of the most important World War II sites in Berlin , and it’s not far from the Reichstag Building.

The memorial consists of 2,711 concrete blocks of varying heights, and the ground they sit on is an uneven slope similar to a wave. The information center showcases letters, diaries, photographs, and biographies of the victims to help personalize the experience.

Entrance is free. Photography is allowed (no flash inside) but please be respectful.

Do not sit on or climb on the cement slabs or take selfies. This is a place to reflect and remember those who were murdered.

Book a tour for your trip to Berlin

• Third Reich Berlin Walking Tour – Hitler and WWII
• Berlin TV Tower Skip-the-Line Ticket
• Discover Berlin Half-Day Walking Tour

Berlin Travel Resources

I want you to have the best trip to Berlin, and hopefully this guide to the free Reichstag Building tour in Berlin is helpful. But there are lots more tips on the site!

• 101 Best Things to do in Berlin
• 23 Impressive Castles in Berlin (And Nearby)
• 27 Best World War II & Cold War Sights in Berlin
• 29 Fun Day Trips From Berlin
• 75 Things to Know Before Visiting Berlin: Essential Berlin Travel Tips
• What to Wear & What to Pack for Berlin, Germany: Your Ultimate Berlin Packing List
• How to Get Around in Berlin: An Easy Guide to Berlin Public Transportation

Check out my favorite travel planning sites and resources

These are the sites I like for travel planning, plus items I like to travel with.

Planning Booking.com : Find a Berlin hotel here.

Rick Steves and Lonely Planet : My favorite guidebook resources.

Tours, Activities, Tickets Viator : Great site for finding tours and other activities.

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Is The Reichstag Worth Visiting in Berlin?

The Reichstag is one of the more famous buildings in Berlin, and is known for being the home to the German parliament as well as its destruction during the second world war.

This is a very popular building to visit in the city, as it offers a great experience. Make sure you set aside some time to see it as it's worth visiting for a variety of reasons. Also, this is a fairly popular place with tourists, so be prepared for crowds. During peak season, this spot can get even more crowded, so plan accordingly.

What is The Reichstag?

The Reichstag building in Berlin is an architectural and political icon in Germany. Built in the late 19th century, this historic edifice has played a central role in the country's political history. It is best known for housing the German Bundestag (parliament) and its stunning glass dome, designed by architect Sir Norman Foster, which offers visitors panoramic views of the city. The Reichstag's past, including its restoration after significant damage during World War II and its symbolism during the reunification of Germany, is a testament to the nation's resilience and progress. As a symbol of democracy and national unity, the Reichstag stands as a must-visit landmark which merges historical significance and contemporary architecture in the heart of Berlin.

Families with children will sometimes enjoy it, but it really depends on their level of interest. It's not particularly romantic for couples, but not bad either. Budget travelers and backpackers usually enjoy their visit here.

Visiting The Reichstag

How much does the reichstag cost.

The Reichstag is free. (However, you must reserve an entry time in advance.)

Third Reich Berlin Walking Tour with a French-Speaking Guide

Berlin bike private tour: third reich and nazi germany, berlin third reich and cold war 2-hour walking tour, do i need a tour for the reichstag.

While not required, a tour is suggested. It's entirely possible to visit on your own and see everything. However, tours often provide for a more efficient visit along with interesting insights and stories surrounding the building. Tours of the building can give you a detailed overview with a knowledgable guide, so consider it if you want a more in-depth experience.

Do I need to book in advance?

You must book in advance . There's no entry fee and your visit is free. You can book ahead here: Official Website .

How long does it take to visit The Reichstag?

Many people will spend around 2 hours during their visit. Wear comfortable shoes, as you'll probably be doing a lot of walking. Everything is indoors here, so you can escape the weather if needed.

When is the best time to visit The Reichstag?

As for the time of year, The Reichstag is equally busy year-round. To avoid the crowds, try to arrive early or later in the day. Visit on weekdays, and avoid the high season if possible. It's only possible to visit during the day.

More things to do around Berlin

For even more trip ideas, check out these other articles about Berlin.

• Is Checkpoint Charlie Worth Seeing?
• Is The Brandenburg Gate Worth Seeing?
• Is The Berlin TV Tower Worth Visiting?
• Is Charlottenburg Palace Worth Visiting?
• Is Gendarmenmarkt Worth Visiting?
• Is Museum Island Worth Visiting?
• Is The Berlin Wall Memorial Worth Seeing?
• Is The Berlin Zoo Worth Visiting?
• Is The German Museum of Technology Worth Visiting?
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• Is The Berlin Cathedral Worth Visiting?
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Reichstag Tour Berlin, Germany

The building of the Reichstag is a mirror of German’s history and the most visited parliament in the world.

Take one of the best tours in Berlin. Reichstag is the seat of the German parliament and one of Berlin’s most historic landmarks. While visiting the Reichstag you are able to walk through the plenary hall, where German’s history has been written and is still written today. By walking across the deck over the helical path of the glass dome you can enjoy a beautiful panorama view of Berlin. Worth of thinking about the Reichstag tour  while you are considering the best things to do and places to visit in Berlin.

We recommend to stay for lunch or dinner in the Reichstag’s glass dome restaurant Käfer.

What you will see during the Reichstag Tour

• Reichstags building
• Seat of German parliament
• Plenary hall
• Panorama view over Berlin

Duration: min. 3 hours

Admissions according to the programme are included. Advance registration required. 

You can add this tour to your favorites here:

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Guide to the Reichstag Building: Insider Tips, History, Dome…

The Reichstag Building on the Platz der Republik is the seat of the German Parliament and one of the most important landmarks of Germany.

A visit to the Reichstag is a must for every visitor to Berlin!

In our complete guide to the Reichstag Building, we provide you with everything you need to know and tips for your visit to the landmark. This includes admission, tickets & guided tours, things to do, the history of the building and much more.

Let's start!

Things to do at the Reichstag Building

The Reichstag Building on the Platz der Republik is one of the most important sights in Berlin.

Several historical events and turning points in German history are connected with the Reichstag, which is why it is also considered a mirror of German history.

See below which highlights you should not miss:

1. Admire the Exterior of the Reichstag

Designed by Paul Wallot in the Italian Renaissance style, the Reichstag Building impresses with its imposing architecture, which is a synthesis of Paul Wallot's historicism and the modern redesign of British architect Sir Norman Foster.

Along with the glass dome , the sandstone relief in the pediment with the imperial coat of arms and the imperial crown, as well as the dedicatory inscription "Dem Deutschen Volke" (To the German People) below it, immediately catches the eye.

Yet there are even more ornaments waiting to be discovered. If you look closely, you can see magnificent sandstone figures, ornaments and numerous motifs . Of particular note are the so-called "coat of arms trees ", two stone relief panels located on either side of the entrance, depicting the coats of arms of the German Empire, newly founded in 1871.

It is also interesting to note that the four corner towers , framed by 16 sculptures made of sandstone , represent the four kingdoms of Prussia, Saxony, Bavaria and Württemberg.

2. Visit the Roof Terrace & Reichstag Dome

The subsequently designed glass dome above the plenary hall of the German Parliament has a diameter of 38 meters and a height of 23.5 meters. Today, it has a lasting impact on the cityscape and has become a much-visited attraction and, beyond that, a Berlin landmark.

The accessible glass dome is located on the 24-meter-high roof terrace of the Reichstag Building. On its inner side, two spiral ramps wind up to an observation deck 40 meters above the ground. Here you can enjoy a breathtaking panoramic view of Berlin.

In addition, the parliamentary history exhibition "From the Reichstag to the Bundestag" awaits you on the roof terrace, displayed in 12 showcases.

• Tip: We highly recommend using one of the free audio guides that are available to visitors on the entrance to the rooftop terrace. They are available in eleven languages (German, English, French, Spanish, Turkish, Italian, Portuguese, Dutch, Chinese, Polish and Russian) and offer 20 minutes of background knowledge about the Reichstag building, the German Bundestag and the attractions of Berlin that are visible from up here.  An audio guide for children is also available.

3. Join a Guided Tour of the Reichstag Building

If you want to delve deeper into the moving history of this impressive monument, you can take part in a guided tour of the Reichstag Building. During this tour, you will learn details about the workings and tasks of the German parliament, as well as information about the history and architecture of the Reichstag .

In addition to the classic house tours, guided tours with various thematic focuses are also offered, including art and architecture tours as well as family tours .

• Important : In order to participate in a guided tour, prior registration is necessary.

4. Witness a Sitting in the Plenary Chamber

The historic building has not only been the seat of the German Bundestag since 1999, but is now also the most visited parliament in the world . Visitors from all over the world can visit a plenary sitting after prior registration.

The plenary hall is the heart of the German Bundestag. From the public gallery , you can get up close to members of the German Bundestag and closely follow all the debates taking place.

5. Dine in the Restaurant and Enjoy the View

The dome is not the only jewel of the roof terrace. The level is also home to Käfer's rooftop restaurant , which invites you to feast and linger on modern German cuisine.

Of course, you can also enjoy a fantastic view of the German capital from the restaurant.

• Please note: Due to tightened security measures at the German Bundestag the restaurant also requires the surnames, first names and dates of birth from all guests at least 48 hours in advance . These will be forwarded to the police and security services. Reservations for the restaurant can be made by phone from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. at 030/227-9220 or by e-mail at [email protected]

Registration for Your Reichstag Visit

Individuals and groups can register for a visit to the parliament. An online form is available for a convenient appointment request, and registration is also possible by fax or by mail (Deutscher Bundestag, Besucherdienst, Platz der Republik 1, 11011 Berlin), but must be received at least two working days in advance.

Short-term visitors, who would like to visit the dome spontaneously, can register in person for a dome visit at the service branch of the visitor center near the Reichstag building, next to the Berlin Pavilion on the southern side of Scheidemannstrasse. If space is available, personal access authorizations can be issued up to two hours before the visit time . It is also possible to obtain a visit appointment for the following two days.

• Important : A valid identification document with photo is required for admission.
• More details about the visit and guided tours are available here .

Entrance, Tickets & Tours for the Reichstag Building

• Entrance : The dome of the Reichstag Building is open daily from 8:00 to 24:00. Last admission is at 22:00. It is closed on 12/24 (all day) and 12/31 from 4pm.
• Tickets : Admission to the Reichstag building is free , but prior registration is mandatory. Details can be found under the " Registration" section above, as well as on the official website, bundestag.de/en/
• Tours :  Various free guided tours of the Reichstag Building are offered . Prior registration is required. You can find out more information here .
• Travelers' Tips : If you would like to discover these and other highlights of the German capital flexibly and on your own, we recommend the audio guide app Best of Berlin Tour by YourMobileGuide .

How to get to the Reich stag?

Thanks to its central location, the Reichstag in the heart of Berlin can be easily reached via various routes.

The best way to get to the historic building is to take bus line 100, which stops directly at the Reichstag.

• From the Central Station: Alternatively, you can easily take the U-Bahn U55 to the "Bundestag" stop.

FAQ about the Reichstag Berlin

WHAT IS THE REICHSTAG BUILDING?

The Reichstag Building has been the seat of the German Parliament (Bundestag) since 1999.

WHERE IS THE REICHSTAG BUILDING LOCATED?

The Reichstag is located at the Platz der Republik, in the heart of Berlin in the district Mitte. The address is: Platz der Republik 1, 11011 Berlin

WHO BUILT THE REICHSTAG?

Emperor Wilhelm II had the Reichstag Building built to provide a dignified seat of government for the newly founded parliament of the German Reich in 1871.

The architect Paul Wallot was commissioned. The architect for the first reconstruction was Paul Baumgarten. Sir Norman Foster was responsible for the second reconstruction and the glass dome.

WHEN WAS THE REICHSTAG BUILDING BUILT?

Construction work on the Reichstag Building began in 1884. After a ten-year construction phase, the structure was completed in 1894.

WHEN DID THE REICHSTAG BURN?

The Reichstag fire occurred on February 27, 1933, barely a month after dolf Hitler and the NSDAP came to power. The plenary chamber and several surrounding rooms burned out completely.

WHEN WAS THE REICHSTAG COVERED?

In 1995, the Reichstag was covered with a huge silver tarpaulin for two weeks as part of the art project "Covered Reichstag" by the artist couple Christo and Jeanne-Claude. The art project received worldwide attention and attracted five million visitors over the course of the two weeks.

History and Facts about the Reichstag

In order to provide a dignified seat of government for the newly formed parliament of the German Empire, founded in 1871, Emperor Wilhelm II had the Reichstag building constructed. After a ten-year construction phase, the building was completed in 1894. The building made history in 1918, when the Weimar Republic was proclaimed from the balcony of the Reichstag. From then on, until Hitler came to power, it served as the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic .

The Reichstag in the Third Reich & in the Second World War

A month after Adolf Hitler's appointment as Reich Chancellor on January 30, 1933, the Reichstag experienced one of its darkest hours: the Reichstag fire. The plenary chamber and several surrounding rooms completely burned out. The left-wing Dutchman Marinus van der Lubbe was accused of the fire, but it is still not clear who the real arsonist was.

However, it is a fact that the NSDAP was the beneficiary, as the Reichstag fire marked the beginning of the Nazi dictatorship . Until the end of the Nazi dictatorship in 1945, the Reichstag functioned as a "sham parliament" with which the Nazi regime wanted to give the impression of being democratically legitimized. In fact, the Reichstag at that time was without any political significance and not democratic.

During World War II, the Reichstag building functioned as a military hospital and air raid shelter. Due to its high symbolic value, the capture of the building in 1945 took on an important role for the Red Army. During the Battle of Berlin, the Reichstag, which had already been partially destroyed by the Reichstag fire, was severely damaged.

After the victory of the Red Army on April 30, 1945, two Russian soldiers raised the red Soviet flag on the roof of the building, symbolizing the end of World War II in Europe as well as the end of the Nazi dictatorship .

The Reichstag During the Inner-German Division

After Berlin was divided into four sectors by the occupying powers in 1945, the Reichstag, the now almost completely destroyed Reichstag was located in West Berlin. Thus, the building was able to escape demolition, which was decided in 1947.

The building, which lay in ruins, was often used as a backdrop for speeches because of its symbolic value as a symbol of German unity. This symbolism was one of the reasons why the German Parliament in Bonn decided to rebuild the Reichstag building in 1955, even though its use in a divided Germany was uncertain. In 1961, the architect, Paul Baumgarten, was commissioned to plan and lead the reconstruction without the dome in a modernized form. The reconstruction was not completely finished until 1973.

Since the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, it ran directly along the east side of the Reichstag. During the division, the empty building housed a museum about the parliament and the history of the Reichstag building. Committee and parliamentary group meetings were held here at the time of the division.

After the Reunification

When it was decided in 1991 to move the parliament to Berlin and to use the Reichstag permanently as a parliament building, the building was fundamentally redesigned by the architect, Norman Foster. The characteristic glass dome was also created during this conversion work.

During the "Verhüllter Reichstag" art project by the artist couple Christo and Jeanne-Claude, the Reichstag building was covered with a huge, silver-colored tarpaulin for two weeks in 1995. The art action caused a worldwide sensation and attracted five million visitors during these two weeks.

Finally, on April 19, 1999, the keys were handed over to then Parliament President, Wolfgang Thierse, and the first plenary session took place. Since then, the German Parliament has been in session here.

In addition to changing exhibitions, the Reichstag Building also houses an important art collection.

Contact & Map

• Address: Platz der Republik 1, 11011 Berlin
• Opening Hours - Dome: Daily from 8 a.m. to midnight; last admission: 10 p.m. Note: Visit by appointment only
• Public Transport: U55 to "Bundestag" or bus 100 to "Berlin Reichstag/Bundestag".
• Website : bundestag.de/en

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Sights Nearby

• Brandenburg Gate
• Memorial to the Sinti and Roma of Europe murdered under National Socialism
• Soviet Memorial in the Tiergarten
• Madame Tussauds
• White Crosses Memorial
• Federal Chancellery
• Government district
• Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe (Holocaust Memorial)

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Registering to visit the dome of the Reichstag Building

The dome and roof terrace of the Reichstag Building are a popular tourist magnet. (© German Bundestag/Neuhauser)

Current information on visiting the German Bundestag Prior registration is required in order to visit the German Bundestag. An online booking request form can be found at online registration . Up-to-date entry requirements for the day of your visit can be found in German at current information

The roof terrace and dome of the Reichstag Building can be visited by members of the public, and offer spectacular views of the parliamentary and government district and Berlin’s sights.

Admission is free; advance registration required .

• Every quarter of an hour
• Last admission: 21.45 hrs

The rooftop terrace and the dome are closed all day on 24 December and from 16.00 hrs onwards on 31 December (last admittance 14.30 hrs). The dome will be closed to visitors from    8. to19. July 2024 22. to 26. July 2024 21. to 25. October 2024 and from 28. October to 1. November 2024   to allow cleaning and maintenance work to be carried out. The roof terrace can still be visited when the dome is closed.

For information about additional closures of the dome, please contact the Visitors' Service by telephone on +49 30/227-32083 during the following hours: Monday 9.00 to 15.00 hrs, Tuesday to Thursday 9.00 to 16.00 hrs, Friday 9.00 to 13.30 hrs.

Audioguide to the dome of the Reichstag Building

In the course of 20 minutes, your personal guide to the dome will share with you all the most important facts about the Reichstag Building and its surroundings, the German Bundestag, the work of Parliament, and the sights you can see during your 230-metre-long ascent and descent.The easy-to-use audioguides, which you can obtain on the roof terrace, are available in twelve languages: English, French, Chinese, Dutch, Italien, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Turkish, Ukrainian and German.  Special audioguides (in German) will also be available for children, for people with disabilities and in easy language.

The audioguide is not available when the dome is closed.

Registration

Requests can only be submitted together with a complete list of participants (naming all members of your group). Without an accurate and complete list of participants, the Visitors’ Service cannot process your request. The following information is required for each person: surname, first name and date of birth.

Online registration

We regret that it is not possible to register by telephone.

Information for visitors who have not booked in advance

If you would like to visit the dome but have not booked in advance, you can register to do so at the service centre run by the Visitors’ Service near the Reichstag Building, next to the Berlin Pavilion on the south side of Scheidemannstraße. If any free places are still available, you will be issued a booking confirmation entitling you to visit the dome; please note that this must be issued a minimum of two hours before the time of your visit. 

Important: To book your visit to the dome, you will need to provide the following information at the service centre: your last name, first name and date of birth. When registering in person at the service centre, you must also show official photo identification (e.g. passport, national ID card, driver’s licence, student or school pupil ID). Please ensure you bring the original , as copies of identification documents are not accepted .

The booking confirmation is issued to you personally and is non-transferable. You will be asked for proof of identity both upon registration and at the main entrance for visitors.

The service centre is open during the winter month (November 1 to March 31) from 8.00 to 18.00 hrs and in the summer months (April 1 to 31 October) from 8.00 to 20.00 hrs.

Attention: On weekends, the service centre is only open from 10.00 to 18.00 hrs. In addition, please note that the service centre closes at 14.00 hrs on Tuesdays during session weeks . 

The rooftop restaurant

The rooftop restaurant east of the dome is open daily from 9.00 to 17.00 hrs and from 19.00 hrs to midnight. Visitors who have already reserved a table can reach the rooftop restaurant via the entrance below and to the right of the West Portal (West C). Tables can be reserved by calling +49 (0)30 226-29933 or sending an email to: [email protected] .

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The Berlin Reichstag – viewpoint with history

Next to the Brandenburg Gate, the Berlin Reichstag is not only a landmark of the city, but also one of the most famous buildings in Germany. Every day, thousands of Berlin visitors are drawn there to take a look at the historic building not only from the outside, but also from the inside.

Why does the Reichstag stand where it does and who planned it?

The history of the rich day can be read long and wide everywhere. Here is just some information that illustrates the peculiarity of the building.

After 1871, when not only the representatives of the North German Confederation were represented in the Reichstag, but also the representatives of the South German states joined them, the previously used room in Leipziger Straße was bursting at the seams. So it came about that the Reichstag passed a motion demanding a dignified parliamentary house for the representatives. A commission was commissioned and went in search of a building site, announced an architectural competition and looked for an interim solution for the ongoing operations. This interim solution then had to be used for no less than 23 years.

As it sometimes happens, they quickly found the right plot of land, which was on the east side of what was then Königplatz, but had the misfortune that a palace still stood there. Since the commission hoped that Kaiser Wilhelm I would expropriate the owner, but he did not, one had to wait until 1881, until the owner died and one could buy the land from the heir.

In a competition for the Reichstag design, the winner was the design of architect Paul Wallot, who proposed a building in the neo-Renaissance style. Wallot must have imagined this assignment to be simpler. Various committees, ministries… wanted to have a say in the design and he had to make constant corrections. It is even said that in the end not much remained of his original design.

On 9.6.1884 the foundation stone could finally be laid.

The problem Reichstag dome

The architect Wallot had already been forced to change the building plans several times before construction began. Thus, he had to move the originally planned dome building. The construction progressed and Wallot came to the conclusion that the changes would not be good. He managed to get permission to put the dome in its original place.

Now, however, he was faced with the problem that load-bearing walls had already been erected that could not statically support the stone dome. Fortunately, the civil engineer Zimmermann found a solution. He suggested reducing the height of the dome by 10 meters to 75 meters and choosing a steel and glass construction instead of concrete. This solved the problem and the dome could be erected and the plenary hall received natural light.

The Reichstag stands

5.12.1894 the keystone was laid in a military event. After that, the artistic decoration of the building began. The imperial coat of arms was placed in the gable, the imperial crown on the top of the dome and 16 figures were attached to the corner towers. The intended dedication “To the German people” met with lively debate and so the square remained empty for 20 years. It was not until the First World War that the decision was made to affix the lettering.

Dark clouds over the Reichstag

On Jan. 30, 1933, Hindenburg appointed Hitler Reich Chancellor, who dissolved the Reichstag just two days later. On 28.2.1933, flames burst out of the Reichstag dome at night. The plenary hall and some surrounding rooms were destroyed. Who started the fire has not been clarified to this day.

The Kroll Opera House now served as a parliament building and the dome was provisionally repaired. The destroyed plenary hall was left as it was. The building was now used for propaganda exhibitions. During World War II, the windows were bricked up and the Reichstag was used as an air raid shelter. AEG produced fluorescent tubes there, there was a military hospital and from 1943-45 the gynecological ward of the Charité was housed there. 60-100 people can claim to have been born in the Reichstag.

During the Battle of Berlin, fierce battles took place at the Reichstag. On 30.4.1945 the flag of the 150th Rifle Division of the Soviet Army was hoisted on the roof of the building as a sign of victory. There is a photo that was later recreated that shows this situation and symbolizes the end of the Second World War.

What remained was a destroyed Reichstag. In November 1954, the remains of the dome were blown up to prevent the collapse of the rest of the ruin.

The resurrection

In 1955, the Bundestag decided to restore the Reichstag. The architect Baumgarten was commissioned to lead the reconstruction and by 1973 the Reichstag was completed again. However, there were some changes:

• smaller corner towers
• fewer decorative elements on the facade
• the remains of the interior architecture were covered with panels and the room structure was changed
• the plenary hall was enlarged to accommodate all the deputies of a united Germany

At first, the building was mainly used for exhibitions and representative purposes during state visits. Foreign guests could look over the Wall from the outside terrace. Sessions of the Bundestag were not allowed to take place in Berlin under the terms of the 4-Power Agreement.

On October 4, 1990, the first session of the German Bundestag took place in the Reichstag in Berlin, with 144 members of the Volkskammer in attendance.

After the reunion

After the decision was made in 1991 to finally move the seat of the German Bundestag to Berlin, the Reichstag was rebuilt. On September 8, 1999, the sessions could be held in the new plenary hall.

After some back and forth, the Reichstag also received a new dome. It is smaller than the original dome and is now the city’s landmark.

Visit on the roof of the Reichstag

A visit to/at the Reichstag is a “must” for a Berlin visitor. There is the possibility to take part in a guided tour through the building or to visit the roof of the Reichstag with its imposing dome.

Since 2011, there have been containers in front of the Reichstag through which visitors can enter the building. However, you have to register beforehand and I have actually always seen a long line of visitors waiting to be let in. For us, this was always a reason to forgo the visit, because who likes to stand in line for a tourist attraction in his city. Then in the early summer of 2020, the opportunity presented itself. There were hardly any visitors in the city and the new hygiene concepts created a little overflowing waiting system. Shortly decided I registered us via the website of the visitor service to a free visit to the roof of the Reichstag and had already a day later the confirmation email in the inbox.

From the registration desk, where one had to present the reservation confirmation, one comes into the “entrance container”. Here, as at the airport, the bags are screened and, depending on the situation, the applicable hygiene measures are still pointed out. Then our small group was led into the Reichstag. There are two elevators that take visitors up to the 24 meter high roof of the Reichstag.

Viewpoint over Berlin: Roof of the Reichstag

From now on, you can move freely on the roof without an escort and visit the glazed dome of the Reichstag.

The “new” dome has a diameter of 38 meters and is just over 23 meters high. Spiral ramps run inside the steel skeleton up to a viewing platform. Unfortunately, access is not always possible. Maintenance work or events often restrict access.

But the roof terrace is a great substitute when the dome is closed. From there, you have a panoramic view of Berlin. Whether the Brandenburg Gate, the buildings in the government district or the House of World Cultures – every place seems to be within reach. You can see the high-rise building of the Charité and the skyscrapers of Potsdamer Platz, and in the windows at Berlin Central Station with the neighboring glass cube building, the surroundings are reflected.

But you should not let your gaze wander only into the distance. I noticed for the first time on the roof of the Reichstag that three towers are flagged with the federal flag and one with the European flag.

On the towers you can see some of the figures and other decorative elements that are otherwise difficult to see, and in the middle of the roof terrace you can see the courtyard of the Reichstag.

We had no time limit on our stay during our visit. However, I do not know if this is always the case or if there is a regulation at peak visiting time. In any case, it’s worth booking the free visit in advance so you really have a chance to get up there and enjoy the view.

Platz der Republik 1, 11011 Berlin

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Reichstag Building Tickets

Planning a trip to Berlin and trying to decide if you should visit the Reichstag? 

And if so, are you wondering how to get access?

Hello. I’m Steve, a local Berlin tour guide, who frequently takes visitors to the Reichstag.

And in this guide, I’m going to show you all of your options to visit the Reichstag. 

If you prefer, you could watch the video version of this guide on my Experience Berlin YouTube channel.

• Plan Your Visit
• How to get Dome Tickets
• Guided Tours + Lectures
• Skip the Line Tours
• Nearby Attractions
• Tips From Locals and Travelers

The Reichstag Building, originally opened in 1984 after Germany's first unification, houses the German Bundestag, the federal parliament of the German Republic. 

It housed the German Parliament until 1933 when a fire gutted most of the building. In a terrifying move, parliament was then dissolved by Adolph Hitler and the Nazi Party.

The building was also severely damaged in the Second World War. Following the reunification of Germany in the 1990s, it was renovated under the leadership of British architect Sir Norman Foster.

In fact, one of my greatest memories of the building comes from 1995 when the artist Christo, who had defected from communist Bulgaria in 1957, and his wife and fellow artist Jeanne-Claude, wrapped the building in aluminum fabric.

It was for Christo an illustration of the end of one era and the beginning of another, a powerful message to Germans and the rest of the world that a united Germany had arisen anew.

This post is a guide to visiting this monumental building, the Reichstag, including how to get there, how to get tickets, information on tours, and much more.

PLAN YOUR VISIT

Getting Here

The Reichstag Building is located on the western end of Berlin's city center, just south of Hauptbahnhof and just north of Tiergarten and the Brandenburg Gate.

Use this Google map to get exact directions from your departure point.

The closest public transportation hubs are U5-station Bundestag , the S-Bahn station Brandenburger Tor , or the 100 bus to the Reichstag/Bundestag  stop.     

Tip:  If you are new to Berlin transportation see our post  tips on public transportation in Berlin .

Also, if you are considering a hop-on-hop-off bus ticket , then know that all companies have a stop right at the entrance to the Reichstag.

The Dome and Terrace

The dome and rooftop terrace of the Reichstag building are designed to offer a spectacular 360-degree view of the city as well as a unique bird’s eye view of the plenary chamber down below.

Its energy-efficient structure also funnels natural light via numerous mirrors as well as fresh air into the parliamentary chamber.

The Dome is open from 8 a.m. to midnight. The last admission to the Dome is at 20:00 (10 pm). 

Note:   Admission slots are every quarter of the hour, ex: 8:00, 8:15, 8:30, 8:45, etc.).  

The Dome is open most days of the year aside from the following dates in 2024:

• 15 - 19 April
• 8 - 19 July
• 22 - 26 July
• 21 - 25 October
• 28 October - 1 November
• 24 - 31 December

On the dates when the dome is closed, you can still enjoy views from the roof terrace.

Dates of closure change every year, so be sure to check their website to know about closed dates.   

Best Days to Visit

The best days to visit are when the weather is good. You'll want the best view you can get!

Also, try to go on weekdays. Weekends and holidays are peak times and it can get quite crowded and you will have to plan in some extra waiting time.

Nighttime is also relatively uncrowded. In fact, visiting the Reichstag is one of the top 10 things to do at night in Berlin. 

Audio Guides

Not only will you be able to get a nice view of Berlin and its surroundings, but the 20-minute GPS-enabled audio guide will tell you what you are looking at while you circle the 230 meters up and down the dome.

You can pick up the free audio guides on the roof terrace. 

It comes in 11 languages: German, English, French, Spanish, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Turkish, Ukrainian, Dutch, and Chinese.

HOW TO GET TICKETS TO THE REICHSTAG DOME

First, the good news: It is free to go up and inside the dome of the Reichstag Building!

BUT - you will need to pre-register before you visit.

You can try one of these five ways to register/get tickets:

• advanced online registration on the Budestag website
• same-day tickets through the Visitor Service Center
• reservation of a table at the restaurant on the terrace
• through a tourist attraction pass*
• as part of a guided tour (this last one isn't always free)

We include more detail about them below.

*Regarding the tourist attraction pass, there are a few and we compare them in our detailed post,  Berlin Pass vs Welcome Card vs City Tour Card ? 

Tip:  To save more money during your time in Berlin, you might consider a tourist concession pass.

Online Registration

The fastest and easiest way to register is online with the visitors' service on the Bundestag website .

You will need the first names, last names, and birthdays of everybody who joins you, as well as your email address.

Reservations time slots for the terrace and dome are every 15 minutes from 08:00 to 21:30 (9:30 pm). 

You can request up to 3 dates and times. Priority will be given to your first choice. If that time is not available, your 2nd and 3rd-time choices will be considered. 

Bring your booking confirmation and your government-issued ID and be prepared to go through a security check.  

Note:  Requests to visit the glass dome can only be submitted for the current month and the following month. 

Same-Day Tickets

You can register in person at the Service Center near the Reichstag building on the south side of Scheidemannstraße.  

Note that the "danger" of the same-day option is that it doesn't guarantee that there will be any free places available when you want to visit.

Service Center Hours | Monday-Friday

• Winter | 1 November - 31 March | 8.00 am - 18.00 (6 pm)
• Summer | 1 April - 31 October | 8.00 am - 20.00 (8 pm)

Note that the Service Center closes at 14.00 (2 pm) on Tuesdays when Parliament is in session. You can check those dates here .

Service Center Hours | Saturday-Sunday

• All Year | 10.00 am - 19.00 (7 pm)

If there are, tickets have to be issued a minimum of 2 hours ahead and only a maximum of 2 days before your visit.

For that reason, we highly recommend you reserve in advance. 

Make a Reservation at Käfer, the Rooftop Restaurant

Another alternative is to make a reservation at Käfer, the restaurant located on the terrace at the top of the Reichstag Building.

All reservations include access to the dome and terrace, and you can make reservations for breakfast, lunch, or dinner. 

Käfer's Hours

• 9.00 - 17.00 (5 pm)
• 19.00 (7 pm) to midnight

This is by no means a budget option as the restaurant is quite expensive, but the food is delicious and it’s hard to beat the views.

I enjoyed a wonderful schnitzel on a recent visit before visiting the dome to film the above video.

The same rules apply here as with a reservation for the dome only.

The full name and dates of birth of all guests must be given, and must reservations be made at least 48 hours before your desired date.

You will also need a government-issued photo ID to enter. Book directly through the restaurant .

GUIDED TOURS AND LECTURES

There are also guided tours and lectures that you could join that include tickets to the dome and terrace following the conclusion of the tour. 

Guided Tours

Various free 90-minute tours are available when the German Parliament is not in session.

You can book them directly from the Bundestag website .

They are offered in a number of European languages, with each language offered on certain days and times. 

Most guided tours take you on a walk through the more official sections of the building, including several staterooms, and a memorial to members of the Reichstag incarcerated and murdered by the Nazi party.

Most tours even include a stop at a section of the building with graffiti from Soviet Soldiers after its capture, which has been preserved for posterity.

The tour also briefly visits the plenary chamber, where the public debates of the parliament take place.

When you book your tickets you will have the option to book a tour along with a visit to the Dome afterward.

The Following Guided Tour can be had in Danish, English, French, Italian, Norwegian, Russian, Spanish

These tours can be held for groups with a minimum of 6 and a maximum of 25 participants.

• Daily at 9.00 hrs, 10.30 hrs, 12.00 hrs, 13.30 hrs, 17.00 hrs, 18.30 hrs an 20.00 hrs (deviations possible on weekends).
• 7 April (Good Friday),
• 9 April (Easter Sunday),
• 19 November (Day of National Mourning),
• 23 to 26 December (Christmas) and
• 31 December (New Year’s Eve).

The Following Guided Tours are in German and Include a Visit to the Dome

• Daily at 9.00 hrs, 10.30 hrs, 12.00 hrs, 13.30 hrs, 15.30 hrs, 17.00 hrs, 18.30 hrs, 20.00 hrs
• Deviations are possible on weekends
• Saturdays at 10.00 hrs, 12.30 hrs, and 14.30
• Sundays and certain public holidays at 10.00 hrs and 12.30 hrs
• Saturdays, Sundays, and certain public holidays at 11.30 hrs
• Saturdays, Sundays, and on certain public holidays at 14.00 hrs and 16.00 hrs

Public Lectures

This is also the option to attend a lecture held in the visitors’ gallery overlooking the plenary chamber followed by a visit to the dome.

The lectures are 45-minute talks from the visitor’s gallery in the plenary chamber.

Note that lectures in English only take place on Tuesdays at 11:00 am and only when the parliament is not in session.

During the lectures, you will learn about how the German parliament is made up, how it operates, as well as other interesting facts about the legislative body.

For all of the options run by the Bundestag, then visit the Bundestag's website .

SKIP THE LINE TOURS | NO RESERVATIONS

If you want the ability to skip the line, you can opt to take a tour with a private company.

Some also include tours inside the Reichstag building while others include tours of the government quarter and then drop you off at the security entrance for your self-guided tour inside the dome.

Tickets for some of these tours are as low as €14 per person, so it’s much cheaper than booking a table at the rooftop restaurant.

Do note that most of these tours are in German. Some offer English days or you may find that they offer English as an audio option.

There are too many guided tours to list. You can see the full list here .

Here are some of the tours (or tickets) that will save you time when visiting the Dome.

• Berlin: Rooftop Breakfast at Käfer Restaurant ( Affiliate Disclosure )
• Berlin: Brandenburg Gate and Reichstag Dome Tour ( Affiliate Disclosure )
• Berlin WelcomeCard all-inclusive Skip the Line Dome

To find out about Berlin tourist passes such as the Berlin City Pass, the Berlin Welcome Card, and several others, be sure to check out our post, Berlin Pass vs Welcome Card vs City Tour Card.

NEARBY ATTRACTIONS AND LANDMARKS

The Reichstag is within walking distance of the Brandenburg Gate , the Holocaust Memorial , and the big park Tiergarten .

You might also be interested in our self-guided tours on Mitte West and Mitte East .

Spree River cruise departures are just 10-minute walk from the Reichstag.

Walk northwestwards from the Reichstag towards the main train station (do you see the red DB sign?) to the River Spree.

The boat cruises depart near the Moltkebrücke, the reddish bridge.

Click here for more information on these boat tours . 

Reichstag Hotels

The Reichstag's central location means that there are numerous hotels in the area that would give you easy access to other popular Berlin sites.

You can view the top-rated hotels according to TripAdvisor to see if any suit your needs or budget.

TIPS FROM LOCALS AND TRAVELERS

While we've done our best to provide all the information you'll need to understand tipping in the UK, you might have specific questions of your own you need help with.

Thankfully, our Berlin Travel Tips group on Facebook is the perfect place to look for those answers. With close to 40,000 members, there's always someone willing to provide help.

Here are a few examples of interesting and helpful tips provided by members of our group:

• This reader was asking whether it's necessary to reserve Reichstag tickets ahead of time. As mentioned above, the answer is yes! (Note that the Pergamon is closed for renovation, but there is a temporary site nearby called Panorama that is sure to be fascinating as well).

2. Note regarding Reichstag confirmation emails for those who order on the website: check your spam filter if you don't see one. Once you move it into your inbox you can translate it through a link.

3. Another reader was wondering when the best time to visit the Reichstag is. Members give her their suggestions below.

4. This first-time visitor to Berlin posted some of the things that worked well and didn't on his trip. He mentioned the trouble booking tickets ahead of time but being able to use the Service Center to get in later.

5. The post mentions the trip from the airport. You might find out post Berlin Bradenberg Airport to Berlin Centre helpful.

For even more information about the Reichstag, or about anything at all in the Berlin area, please feel free to ask for advice on the Free Tours By Foot Berlin Travel Tips Facebook page.

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About The Author

Stephen Pickhardt

North america, united kingdom & ireland, middle east & india, asia & oceania.

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Explore what's inside Reichstag | Main highlights & attractions

What's inside reichstag.

Dome of the Reichstag

The Reichstag dome is a marvel of modern architecture designed by Sir Norman Foster. It is made of glass with a metal framework and offers stunning 360-degree views of Berlin. It symbolizes the transparency of the German government, with visitors able to look down into the parliamentary chambers below.

The Plenary Chamber

The Plenary Chamber is where the Bundestag meets to debate and make decisions. It's a space of significant political activity and decision-making, and you can observe its proceedings from the public gallery, gaining insights into the workings of the German parliamentary system.

Cyrillic Graffiti

See the preserved graffiti made by Soviet soldiers during their 1945 siege of the Reichstag, a poignant remnant of World War II. These inscriptions provide a raw, tangible connection to the building's turbulent history and serve as a powerful reminder of Berlin's wartime experiences.

The roof terrace

Next to the dome, the rooftop terrace offers a spacious open area where you can take in stunning views of Berlin's skyline. It's an ideal place to click photos and unwind after exploring the building, giving you a unique perspective on the city.

The rooftop restaurant

For a unique dining experience, visit the rooftop restaurant east of the dome. Open daily from 9am to 5pm and from 7pm to midnight, the restaurant offers stunning views of Berlin's skyline. Remember to reserve a table in advance to ensure your spot in this popular dining destination.

Dem Deutschen Volke Inscription

The prominent 'Dem Deutschen Volke' (To the German People) inscription is an iconic feature of the Reichstag's facade. Installed in 1916, it symbolizes the democratic principles of the German parliament. This grand inscription welcomes visitors and stands as a reminder of the building's significance in Germany's political landscape.

Exhibition on Parliamentary History

Explore the historical exhibition, From the Reichstag to the Bundestag, inside the Reichstag dome. The exhibition narrates the parliament building's story from its inception to the present day through selected images, documents, and short texts displayed across twelve cases. Key events in German parliamentary history are highlighted alongside other significant parliamentary locations in Germany.

The Reichstag is home to a range of artworks created by renowned German and international artists, including those from the USA, France, Russia, and Great Britain. The architect Norman Foster represents the UK. These pieces were specially created by artists willing to engage with the building's rich history and significance.

Reichstag building photos >

How to get inside the Reichstag?

With over 3 million visitors annually, the the Reichstag is one of the most visited landmarks in Berlin. From its dome to historic exhibitions, parliamentary gatherings, and more, there’s plenty to see inside the Reichstag. 

Getting inside the Reichstag requires a bit of planning, but it's well worth the effort. Book your visit online to secure your entry. If you haven't booked in advance, you can register on the day of your visit at the Visitors Service Center located on Scheidemannstraße, near the Reichstag, but be prepared for possible wait times. Upon arrival, you'll go through a security check similar to airport procedures. Please carry a valid ID or passport, as it is essential for entry.

Book your Reichstag tickets

Visitor tips.

• Book tickets in advance: Book your Reichstag tickets in advance to avoid the hassle of long queues, especially during peak season. 
• Arrive early: Arriving early will allow you to leisurely explore the Reichstag building and make the most of your visit.
• Opt for a guided tour: Reichstag is brimming with history, and the best way to familiarize yourself with it is under the wing of an expert local guide. Consider booking a guided tour for the complete Reichstag experience. 
• Carry a valid ID: You will be reqired to show a valid ID or passport to gain entry inside the Reichstag building.
• Travel light: The Reichstag offers no cloakroom or storage facilities. Ensure you dress light and travel light during your visit. 

Frequently asked questions about what's inside Reichstag

Absolutely! The Reichstag is more than just a historic building; it's a symbol of Germany's tumultuous history and democratic resilience. Inside, you'll find a blend of historical exhibits and modern architectural marvels, including the stunning glass dome designed by architect Norman Foster. This dome offers panoramic views of Berlin, making it a must-see. Additionally, the building houses informative displays about the German parliamentary system, providing a deep dive into the country's political landscape.

Yes, photography is allowed inside the Reichstag building . You can capture its architectural beauty, especially the iconic glass dome and the impressive views of Berlin from the roof terrace. However, please be mindful of other visitors and maintain decorum, particularly in areas where silence is required.

While general admission to the Reichstag , including access to the dome and rooftop terrace, is free, advance registration is required. Additionally, special tours, such as guided tours of the plenary chamber and historical exhibitions, might need prior booking and could have limited availability. If you wish to visit the rooftop restaurant, you'll need to make prior reservations for that as well.

Yes, you can bring both strollers and wheelchairs into the Reichstag . The building is equipped with elevators, ramps, disable entrances, and wide pathways, making it easy for everyone to get around.

Yes, visitors can use Wi-Fi inside the Reichstag . It's handy for looking up more info on the exhibits or just staying connected during your visit.

The Reichstag's interior is a fascinating blend of old and new. The entrance leads to various exhibitions that chronicle Germany's parliamentary history. The main attraction is the plenary chamber, where the Bundestag convenes. Above this is the famous glass dome, which visitors can access via a spiral ramp that provides breathtaking views of Berlin's skyline. Additionally, there's a rooftop terrace with a restaurant and several art installations and historical displays scattered throughout the building.

The Reichstag's most striking feature is definitely its glass dome. This modern structure is more than just an architectural wonder; it stands for transparency and democracy. Additionally, the preserved graffiti from Soviet soldiers in 1945 offers a powerful glimpse into the building's dramatic history. The plenary chamber, where parliamentary sessions take place, is another highlight, embodying the core of German democratic processes.

The indoor lighting in the Reichstag is excellent for photography. The glass dome allows ample natural light to flood the interior, creating ideal conditions for capturing stunning photos. Additionally, the building's lighting design highlights its architectural features and exhibits beautifully, ensuring that visitors can take great pictures both during the day and the night.

Yes, the Reichstag building is fully accessible for those with mobility challenges. Ramps, elevators, and the disabled entrance (West C) ensure easy access. The interior layout is designed to be navigable for wheelchair users, and wheelchairs are also available on loan.

One lesser-known spot worth visiting is the rooftop terrace surrounding the glass dome. It provides unique perspectives of Berlin and is less crowded than the dome itself. Additionally, the exhibition on parliamentary history located in the dome offers in-depth insights into Germany's political evolution and is often overlooked by tourists.

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Dinner on the Roof of the Berlin Reichstag Building

Dine at the Reichstag. Enjoy an aperitif, 4-course menu, coffee/tea with a view from the terrace. Unique: the publicly accessible parliamentary restaurant. Choose German delicacies as the city lights come on. Seasonal appetizer, main dishes with sides, dessert with a rooftop view.

Services - from €129

Including entry to the reichstag building, a 3-course dinner, dinner at the roof of the berlin reichstag.

As the sun sets over Berlin, the Reichstag building, home to the Bundestag, Germany's parliament, transforms into a beacon of the city. Embarking on an elevator ride to the top, you reach the Käfer restaurant. Here, a unique fusion of history, architecture, and gastronomy unfolds.

Witness the magnificence of Berlin's skyline through the Reichstag's glass dome. As you settle into your table, the city lights begin to twinkle, setting the stage for an enchanting evening. The Käfer restaurant, perched atop the Reichstag, not only offers panoramic views but also an exquisite four-course meal that reflects the rich tapestry of German cuisine.

From a seasonal salad starter to a choice of delectable main courses featuring meat, fish, and vegetarian options, each dish is a testament to German culinary finesse. The meal concludes with a heavenly dessert, perfectly complementing the breathtaking views of Berlin at night.

Indeed, a dinner at the rooftop Käfer restaurant in the Berlin Reichstag is more than just a meal—it's a journey through the heart of Berlin, a city where history, culture, and culinary excellence converge.

At a glance

Dinner on the roof of the berlin reichstag from €129.

• Reservation for entry to the Reichstag building • Table reservation at the rooftop restaurant • 3-course dinner • Apéritif of the month • Small mineral water and coffee/tea

Images and information from the partner site GetYourGuide.

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Retirement anxiety brings battleground blues for Biden in states like Pennsylvania

For 30 years, Jacqualyn James taught American history and psychology to high school students in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, in the eastern part of the Keystone State.

James became a teacher to support her family after she and her husband divorced. “I considered it a very important thing for young people to learn about the history of this country,” she told NBC News, estimating that she’d taught 7,000 students by the time she retired in 1998.

During her teaching years, James paid regularly into her pension , the Public School Employees’ Retirement System of Pennsylvania. “I expected it to last my lifetime,” the 88-year-old said.

While her $25,000 yearly pension has indeed lasted, because of a fluke in Pennsylvania law, it is now worth half of what it was when she retired. That’s because James and roughly 70,000 other retired public  employees  in the state have not received a cost-of-living adjustment on their monthly payments for more than 20 years. According to the Bureau of Labor  Statistics , every dollar in pension payments James was promised when she retired is worth 51 cents today.

James and her unlucky former colleagues retired before the enactment of a 2001 state  law  known as Act 9 that increased pension benefits for public workers. Some of those 70,000 people, whose average age exceeds 80, are experiencing significant financial hardships. Many have no access to Social Security, as is the case with roughly 40% of all public school teachers across the nation, according to the  National Association of State Retirement Administrators .

Overall, the U.S. economy is humming, the data shows, a situation that typically favors a sitting president in an election year. But financial anxiety among voters in battleground states is complicating the 2024 picture. In Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, the so-called misery index, an economic measure combining four years of inflation with the current level of unemployment, is running higher than in states that dependably vote Democrat or Republican, a recent  analysis  by Bloomberg News shows.

Retired public employees like James are not the only ones facing rocky retirements in Pennsylvania. As many as 2 million private sector employees in the state, or 1 in 3 workers, have no access to retirement plans at their workplaces, according to John Scott, project director for retirement at the Pew Charitable Trusts, a nonprofit organization that researches public policy issues. Indeed, unless Pennsylvanians save more, Pew researchers predict, state taxpayers will need to provide an  estimated  $14.3 billion in the coming decade to support older households with inadequate retirement savings.

“If you look at the data, how little people have saved for retirement is really a function of having access to a retirement plan,” Scott told NBC News. “Two million workers not having access speaks a lot to why there is a sense of insecurity about their futures.”

Even those who have been putting aside money for retirement are uneasy about their futures. Victor Martens, 55, owns a small construction company in Mount Pocono, Pennsylvania, with his son and has contributed regularly to his individual retirement account. “You save enough for retirement but then you have inflation,” he said. “And prices just keep going up.”

An afterthought

For decades, pensions like the one James relies on, or those like it that were offered by corporations, were the most common retirement vehicle for workers. Today, self-directed savings plans such as 401(k) plans and individual retirement accounts, or IRAs, are the norm.

Amid this shift, many Americans do not have any retirement savings at all. Last fall, the Federal Reserve Board published an  analysis of U.S. families’ finances and found that just more than half — 54.3% — had a retirement account in 2022, up from around 50% in 2019. The median amount in those retirement accounts is $86,900, the analysis said. For those closer to retirement age, ages 55 to 64, the median amount held in a retirement account in 2022 was $185,000 nationwide.

Having a retirement account does not necessarily mean a saver has enough money to retire comfortably. An estimated  two-fifths  of American workers have inadequate savings set aside to maintain the standard of living they enjoyed while working, according to the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College. Although this figure has improved since 2019, it concerns policymakers.

In Pennsylvania, the share of households with people 65 and older and annual incomes of less than $75,000 — an indicator of financial vulnerability — is expected to increase by 17% from 2020 to 2035, according to  research from Pew Trusts.

The problem for many workers in Pennsylvania and elsewhere is that their employers do not offer 401(k) plans and without an automatic deduction from a paycheck, saving for retirement is an afterthought. Small businesses, in particular, find it expensive and complicated to set up retirement plans for their workers, Scott of Pew Trusts said. “You can save for retirement out of the workplace, but very few do — just 13% of Americans,” he said. “There are a lot of steps you have to go through.”

Fifteen states have devised a solution to this problem — passing legislation to mandate government-run automated savings plans that make it easy for workers to set aside money for retirement. Oregon was the first to create an automated savings plan in 2017 and seven other states now operate such accounts, with another seven coming on stream soon. The progress has been promising, Scott said — in the six states whose plans have operated the longest, 850,000 workers have set aside $1.3 billion for their retirements.

A bill to create such a savings plan for Pennsylvania workers was proposed in 2023. Under the  program , known as Keystone Saves, workers would voluntarily forward payroll deductions into a fund overseen by the state and operated by a third-party financial firm. The bill has not yet passed both legislative houses.

Walt Rowen, a third-generation owner of the  Susquehanna Glass Company  in Columbia, Pennsylvania, is enthusiastic about Keystone Saves. He employs 40 people making decorative bar and kitchenware in his factory, about an hour west of Philadelphia.

“When I first heard about it, I thought this thing would be absolutely perfect,” he said of Keystone Saves. “Quite a few people have worked for us for 25 to 35 years. We know the impact — when they finally retire and if they haven’t put enough money aside, it’s tough.”

Rowen said he considered creating a 401(k) plan for his workers about 15 years ago but found it would cost between $2,000 and $4,000 per employee to set up and operate. Besides, he said, a lot of his workers told him they wouldn’t participate.

Now, he says, offering such plans could help attract workers. “Over the years, I’ve had people say, ‘I’d love to come work for you, but I have a 401(k) plan at my job now,’” Rowen said. Keystone Saves would solve that problem, he said.

$1.4B to Wall Street

Pending legislation would also solve the problem of the 70,000 retired workers like James who have missed cost-of-living increases in their incomes over the decades. 

State Sen. Katie  Muth , a Democrat representing the 44th District near Philadelphia, is one of several lawmakers sponsoring  bills  to give the retired state pensioners money she says the state owes them. “This is a pool of people that served the public in varying capacities,” Muth told NBC News. “This is a human rights issue.” 

Muth and the other lawmakers backing COLA legislation  estimate  the costs at between $89 million and $125 million. A lot of money, to be sure, but Muth noted that Pennsylvania’s  Rainy Day Fund , the state’s reserves for a financial downturn, contained $6.1 billion as of last fall.

Moreover, Muth said, the retirees’ privation is especially stark when compared with the fees that wealthy investment firms have generated advising the pensions over the years. “You can’t say the system is working when retirees are not having these cost-of-living increases, but their pension dollars are being invested with $1.4 billion in investment fees to Wall Street managers,” she said.

James has written letters and emails to lawmakers about the problem, to no avail. Adding to her ire: Pennsylvania lawmakers receive automatic cost-of-living adjustments in their pay.

One of those lawmakers is state Sen. Cris Dush, a Republican who chairs the government committee and who has declined to forward the COLA bill to the Senate floor for a vote. Dush did not respond to a request for comment. 

As the effort to help the retirees languishes, their numbers are dwindling. During the most recent year, 3,444 beneficiaries died, Muth’s office said. 

Michael Hurd is director and senior principal researcher at the RAND Center for the Study of Aging. The Pennsylvania situation, he said in an interview, is an example of a broken promise by the state to provide workers with a pension that rises along with the inflation rate.

“The average age of these people is 83, so they’re obviously not going back into the labor force to supplement their incomes,” Hurd said in an interview. “Individuals are not well positioned to handle these kinds of risks. It’s unconscionable. This should not happen.”

Meanwhile, James’ everyday costs keep rising. “Yesterday, I got my monthly trash collection bill and it went up $18,” she said in a recent interview. “A lot of the things I used to love doing, I don’t think about doing them anymore.”

Mostly, she says, she sits at her kitchen table watching the birds at her bird feeder.

Gretchen Morgenson is the senior financial reporter for the NBC News Investigative Unit. A former stockbroker, she won the Pulitzer Prize in 2002 for her "trenchant and incisive" reporting on Wall Street.

Anna Schecter is a senior producer in the NBC News Investigations Unit.