when was the first tour de france event held

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The Birth of the Tour de France

By: Christopher Klein

Updated: May 8, 2023 | Original: June 28, 2013

On July 1, 1903, 60 men mounted their bicycles outside the Café au Reveil Matin in the Parisian suburb of Montgeron. The five-dozen riders were mostly French, with just a sprinkle of Belgians, Swiss, Germans and Italians. A third were professionals sponsored by bicycle manufacturers, the others were simply devotees of the sport. All 60 wheelmen, however, were united by the challenge of embarking on an unprecedented test of endurance—not to mention the 20,000 francs in prize money—in the inaugural Tour de France.

At 3:16 p.m., the cyclists turned the pedals of their bicycles and raced into the unknown.

Nothing like the Tour de France had ever been attempted before. Journalist Geo Lefevre had dreamt up the fanciful race as a stunt to boost the circulation of his struggling daily sports newspaper, L’Auto. Henri Desgrange, the director-editor of L’Auto and a former champion cyclist himself, loved the idea of turning France into one giant velodrome. They developed a 1,500-mile clockwise loop of the country running from Paris to Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux and Nantes before returning to the French capital. There were no Alpine climbs and only six stages—as opposed to the 21 stages in the 2013 Tour— but the distances covered in each of them were monstrous, an average of 250 miles. (No single stage in the 2013 Tour tops 150 miles.) Between one and three rest days were scheduled between stages for recovery.

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The first stage of the epic race was particularly dastardly. The route from Paris to Lyon stretched nearly 300 miles. No doubt several of the riders who wheeled away from Paris worried not about winning the race—but surviving it.

Unlike today’s riders, the cyclists in 1903 rode over unpaved roads without helmets. They rode as individuals, not team members. Riders could receive no help. They could not glide in the slipstream of fellow riders or vehicles of any kind. They rode without support cars. Cyclists were responsible for making their own repairs. They even rode with spare tires and tubes wrapped around their torsos in case they developed flats.

And unlike modern-day riders, the cyclists in the 1903 Tour de France, forced to cover enormous swathes of land, spent much of the race riding through the night with moonlight the only guide and stars the only spectators. During the early morning hours of the first stage, race officials came across many competitors “riding like sleepwalkers.”

Hour after hour through the night, riders abandoned the race. One of the favorites, Hippolyte Aucouturier, quit after developing stomach cramps, perhaps from the swigs of red wine he took as an early 1900s version of a performance enhancer.

Twenty-three riders abandoned the first stage of the race, but the one man who barreled through the night faster than anyone else was another pre-race favorite, 32-year-old professional Maurice Garin. The mustachioed French national worked as a chimney sweep as a teenager before becoming one of France’s leading cyclists. Caked in mud, the diminutive Garin crossed the finish line in Lyon a little more than 17 hours after the start outside Paris. In spite of the race’s length, he won by only one minute.

“The Little Chimney Sweep” built his lead as the race progressed. By the fifth stage, Garin had a two-hour advantage. When his nearest competitor suffered two flat tires and fell asleep while resting on the side of the road, Garin captured the stage and the Tour was all but won.

The sixth and final stage, the race’s longest, began in Nantes at 9 p.m. on July 18, so that spectators could watch the riders arrive in Paris late the following afternoon. Garin strapped on a green armband to signify his position as race leader. (The famed yellow jersey worn by the race leader was not introduced until 1919.) A crowd of 20,000 in the Parc des Princes velodrome cheered as Garin won the stage and the first Tour de France. He bested butcher trainee Lucien Pothier by nearly three hours in what remains the greatest winning margin in the Tour’s history. Garin had spent more than 95 hours in the saddle and averaged 15 miles per hour. In all, 21 of the 60 riders completed the Tour, with the last-place rider more than 64 hours behind Garin.

For Desgrange, the race was an unqualified success. Newspaper circulation soared six-fold during the race. However, a chronic problem that would perpetually plague the Tour de France was already present in the inaugural race—cheating. The rule-breaking started in the very first stage when Jean Fischer illegally used a car to pace him. Another rider was disqualified in a subsequent stage for riding in a car’s slipstream.

That paled in comparison, however, to the nefarious activity the following year in the 1904 Tour de France. As Garin and a fellow rider pedaled through St. Etienne, fans of hometown rider Antoine Faure formed a human blockade and beat the men until Lefevre arrived and fired a pistol to break up the melee. Later in the race, fans protesting the disqualification of a local rider placed tacks and broken glass on the course. The riders acted a little better. They hitched rides in cars during the dark and illegally took help from outsiders. Garin himself was accused of illegally obtaining food during a portion of one stage. The race was so plagued by scandal that four months later Desgrange disqualified Garin and the three other top finishers. It, of course, wouldn’t be the last time a Tour winner was stripped of his title.

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Tour de France history: A brief history of the world's biggest bike race

A brief history of the world's biggest bike race

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The Tour de France started on July 1, 1903 and has taken place almost every year since, only stopping for the two World Wars.

The first addition was won by French rider, Maurice Garin and it wasn't until 1909 before a rider from another country took the win, François Faber of Luxembourg.

Four riders share the record for most wins at the race , all winning on five occasions. These riders are Jacques Anquetil, Eddy Merckx, Bernard Hinault and Miguel Indurain.

British rider, Chris Froome , has won the race four times over the period of 2013 to 2017 and he still searches for that record equalling fifth overall title.

The race history in the early 2000s is very much tainted by the organised doping circle that enabled American rider Lance Armstrong to dominate the race between 1999 and 2006.

Armstrong won the race seven times but it was later discovered that he had used performance enhancing drugs, including blood-booster EPO. His titles were stripped from him in 2012 after a US Anti-Doping Agency investigation.

The green jersey, won by the sprinters, was first introduced to the race in 1953, where it was won by Swiss rider, Fritz Schär.

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In more recent years, it has been dominated by the Slovakian rider, Peter Sagan , who hold the record of seven wins over an eight year period.

>>> Tour de France jerseys: Yellow, green, white and polka-dot explained

Sagan has only failed to win the green jersey once, with Australian Michael Matthews claiming the title after Sagan was disqualified in 2017 for causing Mark Cavendish to crash.

Before Sagan took the record for himself it was previously held by German, Erik Zabel who won the jersey six years in a row between the years of 1996 and 2001.

Mark Cavendish remains the only rider from Great Britain to have won this title.

The polka-dot king of the mountains jersey wasn't awarded until 1933, though there had been an unofficial award handed out beforehand for the 'meilleurs grimpeurs' (best climber) since 1905, when René Pottier was given the award.

The first mountains jersey was awarded to the Spaniard, Vincente Trueba and has since been battled for by riders in breakaways or the riders involved in GC.

Frenchman, Richard Virenque has won this classification the most times with seven wins to his name.

In recent years, the French have dominated with a home rider winning the jersey five times in the last 10 years.

Chris Froome and Robert Millar are the only British riders to have taken the jersey.

The white best young rider jersey was not part of the race until 1975 when it was won by the Italian, Francesco Moser.

Before then the white jersey was the combined classification jersey. This was in the race between 1968 to 1974.

Originally this jersey came in as the best neo-pro rider where riders who had only been pro for three or less years could compete for the jersey.

The rules changed in 1983 where it was changed to one-year pros only but in 1989 the rules were changed again. Riders could compete for the jersey if they were younger than 26 on January 1 of the year they raced the Tour.

German and Luxembourgish stars, Jan Ullrich and Andy Schleck hold the record for the most wins in this category after winning three times each.

Adam and Simon Yates are the only British riders to win the jersey. The identical twins took the jersey in 2016 and 2017 with Adam winning first.

The record for most stage wins is held by the Belgian Eddy Merckx with 34 wins to his name. Only one other rider has got to the 30+ mark and that is Mark Cavendish who has won 30 stages.

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Richard is digital editor of Cycling Weekly. Joining the team in 2013, Richard became editor of the website in 2014 and coordinates site content and strategy, leading the news team in coverage of the world's biggest races and working with the tech editor to deliver comprehensive buying guides, reviews, and the latest product news.

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Finish of the First Tour de France

Maurice Garin won the first Tour de France, on July 19th, 1903, by a margin of almost three hours.

Products of the bicycling craze of the 1890s in France included an army regiment mounted on bicycles and numerous flourishing bicycle-connected businesses as well as a public appetite for races. Besides track events in ‘velodromes’, there were long-distance road races, from Paris to Vienna and St Petersburg, for instance, and from Paris to Rome. The Tour de France, which began as a newspaper circulation-booster, was an unexpected by-product of the Dreyfus Affair. In 1899 the bicycle newspaper Le Vélo , which sold 80,000 copies a day, ran a pro-Dreyfus piece that caused a fierce falling out with a major advertiser, the bicycle manufacturer Comte Dion. With other manufacturers, including Clément and Michelin, Dion started a rival sports sheet called L’Auto . The editor was Henri Desgranges, winner of the world one-hour record in 1893. When one of his assistants suggested a race round France, Desgranges saw the possibilities.

The first race in 1903 took nineteen days in six formidable stages, from Paris to Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Nantes and back to Paris. The stages varied in length from 274km (170 miles) to as much as 467km (290 miles), with a total distance of just over 2400km (1,500 miles ). A parade of cars, festooned with advertising and throwing free samples to spectators, travelled two hours ahead of the cyclists. Of sixty competitors from France, Belgium, Germany and Switzerland, including professional team riders and freelance amateurs, twenty-one finished the gruelling course and the race was won by a Frenchman, Maurice Garin, ‘the Little Chimney-Sweep’, by a margin of close to three hours. The last finisher came in two days behind.

Garin also won the second race in 1904, but he and the next three finishers were all disqualified for cheating. The early races were notorious for mayhem. Riders strewed broken glass and nails in the road to cause punctures behind them, competitors were given drinks that made them sick, many got surreptitious tows from cars or motorbikes, some were held up and delayed by hired thugs. The excitement was intense and L’Auto ’s circulation more than doubled. Le Vélo went bankrupt.

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A Brief History Of: The Tour de France

T he Tour de France, which kicks off July 5, is a grueling test of human endurance, a three-week 2,175mile (3,500 km) race stretched over 21 stages, nine of them in the mountains. But in some ways the modern Tour is easier than races past. In the early 20th century, competitors pedaled the dirt roads of France through the night on fixed-gear bikes, evading human blockades, route-jamming cars and nails placed on the road by fans of other riders. Between stages, teams feasted on banquets and champagne; before climbs, they fortified with cigarettes.

The race was the brainchild of Henri Desgrange, a Parisian magazine editor who launched it in 1903 with 60 riders in a bid to boost circulation. It worked: Tour coverage helped Desgrange’s magazine boom, and the race soon became more popular than he could have dreamed. With fans lining the roads to see riders up close, by the 1920s the Tour included more than 100 cyclists from throughout Europe. But as the competition grew fiercer and the race more commercialized, champagne and nicotine gave way to more effective–and insidious–performance boosters. In 1967, British rider Tom Simpson died midrace after taking amphetamines, prompting the event to adopt drug-testing. In 1998 authorities disqualified the Festina team after finding the red blood cell–boosting drug EPO in their car. The winner of the 1996 race, Bjarne Riis, admitted in 2007 that he had used EPO, just months before Floyd Landis became the first Tour winner stripped of his title on charges of using synthetic testosterone in 2006. The Tour now tests athletes rigorously–stage winners are screened daily–although the victor in this year’s race will still be allowed a sip of champagne.

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The First Tour de France of 1903 Through Fascinating Historical Photos

First held in 1903, the Tour de France came about as a publicity stunt dreamed up by newspaper journalists. A ragtag bunch of cyclists set off from outside a bar on the outskirts of Paris. The Tour was transformed into a race with iconic leaders’ jerseys and a wanderlust that took it to the farthest corners of France.

The editor of L’Auto (the precursor of today’s l’Equipe) was desperate to find a way to win the circulation war with Le Vélo. The Tour de France was proposed to Desgrange as a sales promotion. The race was to last for five weeks, from 1 June to 5 July. The entry fee was 20 francs. The conditions attracted a minimal number of cyclists: only 15 had registered one week before the race was due to begin. The event was then rescheduled from 1 to 19 July, the prize money increased to 20,000 francs, the entry fee was lowered to 10 francs, and the first 50 cyclists in the classification were guaranteed at least five francs a day. In the end, 79 cyclists registered for the race, 60 of whom actually started it.

The 1903 Tour de France had six stages. A typical stage race distance was over 400 km, which is exceptionally long compared to modern stage races. Between each stage, cyclists had one to three rest days. The route was essentially flat, with one mountainous stage. Cyclists did not race in teams but as individuals. Cycling professionals often hired pacers to lead them during races in 1903. After the fifth stage, Desgrange decided not to allow pacers. It was initially planned to allow pacers in the final, longest stage. Stewards were stationed at various points to ensure that cyclists rode the entire route. There was no yellow jersey for the leader in the general classification, but a green armband identified the leader.

The race featured sixty cyclists, all professionals or semi-professionals, of which 49 were French, 4 Belgian, 4 Swiss, 2 Germans, and one Italian; 21 of them had sponsors, while 39 didn’t have any. Maurice Garin won the first stage and retained the lead throughout. He also won the last two stages and had a three-hour margin over the next cyclist. In addition to champagne, the riders rode to Parc des Princes, where they made several laps of honor in front of an adoring crowd over the sounds of a bugle.

After the race was over, a special edition of 130,000 copies was printed, and the normal circulation increased from 25,000 to 65,000 copies. After the immense success of 1904, the Tour de France was scheduled again for 1905. In addition to winning the next year’s race, Garin would be disqualified along with eight other riders for cheating, including using cars and trains illegally. The cyclists had also become national heroes.

#1 The winning scene at the finish of the first Tour.

In the middle on the right: the winner, Maurice Garin, to his left: most likely Leon Georget.

#2 The riders get ready to start. Note that what constitutes effective cycle clothing hadn’t been settled.

#3 Advertising poster for the event.

#4 The first kilometer in the history of the Tour de France.

#6 The ancient bidon and the feeding zone.

#7 Marcel Kerff.

#8 The first stage finish line in Lyon.

#9 The finish in Bordeaux, which saw the first-ever foreign winner of a stage, the Swiss Charles Laeser.

#10 Maurice Garin, in his trademark white coat and flat cap racing in the 1903 Tour.

#11 Maurice Garin is greeted by enthusiastic fans.

#12 Leon Georget signs in under the watchful eye of an official.

To minimize cheating riders signed in a stops along each stage.

#13 Willie Hume.

#14 The winner Maurice Garin.

#15 Lucien Pothier.

#16 The 1903 Tour de France winner Maurice Garin.

#17 Maurice Garin pictured after his victory in the first stage.

#18 Maurice Garin.

#19 The Tour De France became a tradition. Pictured here are the cyclists in 1906.

Written by Alicia Linn

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The First Tour de France (1903)

The 2013 Tour de France marks the 100th of the event's history, which began in 1903 (the competition was put on hold during the two world wars). Strangely, this inaugural event of 1903 had it's origins in one of France's greatest political scandals - the Dreyfuss Affair. In 1894 a young French artillery officer of Jewish descent, Captain Alfred Dreyfus, was convicted of high treason but then, years later, was proven to be innocent in the light of new evidence, evidence which the military attempted to suppress. The ensuing debate over Dreyfuss' innocence, and the wider issues of anti-semitism in which it was embedded, divided the nation. One such division occurred within France's most popular cycling magazine L'Velo , causing it to split into two when an anti-Dreyfuss contingent broke away to form L'Auto-Velo . L'Velo 's owner won a court case forcing L'Auto-Velo to change their name, which they did, to L'Auto , a move which saw their sales subsequently plummet. In an effort to boost their waning popularity, and win back their cycling fans, L'Auto set up the Tour de France in 1903. It was a hugely successful campaign which caused their sales to increase 6-fold during and after the race and, eventually, pushed L'Velo into bankruptcy.

The 1903 competition was run only in six fairly flat stages, unlike the mountainous 21 stage event it would grow to become, however, each of these 1903 stages were extraordinarily long, with an average distance of over 400 km (250 mi), more than double the distance of today's. 60 cyclists, all professionals or semi-professionals, started the race, of whom 49 were French, 4 Belgian, 4 Swiss, 2 German, and one was Italian, Maurice Garin, the pre-race favourite who eventually went on to win the event. Garin would go onto also win the next year's race only to then be disqualified along with eight other riders for cheating including the illegal use of cars and trains.

• Photographs
• 20th Century

The winning scene at the finish of the first Tour. In the middle on the right: the winner, Maurice Garin, to his left: most likely Leon Georget - Source

Advertising poster for the event - Source

The first kilometre in the history of the Tour de France - Source

Marcel Kerff - Source

The finish in Bordeaux, which saw the first ever foreign winner of a stage, the Swiss Charles Laeser - Source

Lucien Pothier - Source

The winner Maurice Garin - Source

Jul 18, 2013

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News & Views

The Birth of a Legend: The First Tour de France, 1903

In a momentous event that has captured the hearts of cycling enthusiasts and sports fans alike, the inaugural Tour de France has drawn to a close. After an arduous and grueling journey, the first edition of the world’s most prestigious cycling race concluded yesterday, leaving an indelible mark on sporting history.

Organized by the visionary newspaper L’Auto-Vélo, the Tour de France was conceived as a daring endeavor to boost sales and promote the emerging sport of cycling. The audacious idea came from the editor-in-chief of the newspaper, Henri Desgrange, and his collaborator Géo Lefèvre. The race aimed to showcase the physical prowess of cyclists, while also highlighting the stunning French landscapes.

The first Tour de France, a daring feat spanning over 2,428 kilometers, saw 60 intrepid cyclists from across Europe embark on the ultimate endurance test. They faced unimaginable challenges, conquering rugged terrains, unpaved roads, and hostile weather conditions in a grueling six-stage race. The stages included Paris to Lyon, Lyon to Marseille, Marseille to Bordeaux, Bordeaux to Paris, Paris to Bordeaux, and Bordeaux to Paris.

Amidst the haze of the early 20th century, where bicycles were seen as symbols of freedom and modernity, these cyclists represented the epitome of determination and athletic prowess. Among them was the eventual champion, Maurice Garin, a French-Italian cyclist who etched his name in history.

Garin’s road to victory was paved with extraordinary achievements, as he navigated through trials and tribulations. Despite facing numerous challenges, including mechanical issues and even some questionable tactics from fellow competitors, Garin maintained his composure and fought valiantly to secure the yellow jersey. His triumph was celebrated across France, and he instantly became a national hero, lauded for his unwavering spirit and sporting excellence.

However, the Tour de France was not just about the victor; it was about the indomitable spirit of all the participants. From professionals to amateurs, each cyclist had their tale of perseverance, endurance, and camaraderie.

The success of the first Tour de France surpassed all expectations, with thousands of spectators lining the streets of Paris to witness the grand finale. This fervor and excitement set the stage for the Tour to become an annual tradition, captivating millions of enthusiasts worldwide over the years.

As the first edition of the Tour de France comes to a close, it leaves behind a legacy of athleticism, camaraderie, and adventure. It has not only elevated cycling to new heights but also established the race as a symbol of national pride and unity. With the resounding success of this year’s race, one can only speculate about the extraordinary feats and challenges that await in the future editions of this iconic race.

As the sun sets on this historic event, cyclists, organizers, and spectators alike are left with a shared sense of awe and admiration. The Tour de France, born out of audacity and a love for cycling, has taken its place in the annals of sports history, forever etching its name as the premier cycling race in the world.

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Everything You Need to Know About the Tour de France

, by Max Leonard

In just a few short weeks, the men’s pro peloton will take to the roads of France (and Italy too, this year) for the 111th edition of the Tour de France . If you’re new to the sport, that’s a lot to catch up on – so here’s our beginner’s guide to the history and the present of the world’s greatest cycle race.

The origins of the tour de france.

The first Tour de France took place in 1903, dreamed up as a publicity stunt for an ailing sports newspaper, L’Auto , by its editor, Henri Desgrange, and his assistant Géo Lefèvre. At that time, six-day racing in the velodrome was incredibly popular, and road races tended to be very long: Bordeaux–Paris was around 560km / 348 mi and Paris–Brest–Paris a whole lot longer at around 1200km / 745 mi. The new Tour de France was six stages in total, held concurrently over 15 days and the longest stage, from Nantes to Paris was 471km / 293 mi.

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Beforehand, nobody was sure that the idea of multi-stage road racing would take off, but it was an instant success with the French public. The race started and ended in Paris, and the overall title was won by pre-race favourite Maurice Garin. Garin also won the 1904 edition, which was contested over the same course, but was subsequently disqualified and stripped of his win – the rumour is that Garin and several other top riders cheated and took a train!

For many years, the race ended at the Parc des Princes velodrome in the north of Paris, but in 1975 a finish on the Champs-Élysées was introduced, and that has become traditional.

The Mountains of the Tour de France

While the very early races took on some formidable climbs by any standards, the real high mountains did not make an appearance until 1910. That year, the race organizers optimistically included some Pyreneen passes on the route, including the now-classic Tourmalet , now measured as a 17.1 km / 10.63 mi climb at an average of 7.3%, on what was then not much more than a logging track. Based on the success of that, the Col du Galibier – a moody and menacing 2,645m / 8678 ft tall pass was added in 1911. The famous rocky summit of Mont Ventoux in Provence was introduced in 1951, and Alpe d’Huez , now the scene of the largest fan party, in 1952.

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Over the years, gradually, climbing – rather than just out-and-out endurance – became more important to the race. The first Pyreneen stage in 1910 was 326km / 204 mi long and included five mountain passes . Even in the 1980s, mountain stages might have been 200 kilometers / 125 mi or more; these days, a mountain stage is more likely to be 160km / 100 mi, and designed to provoke explosive, exciting racing. However, post-war, the format has remained relatively stable: 21 days racing around France, ending in Paris but often starting elsewhere (even in a neighboring country); with the majority of France being covered, and always a visit to the Pyrenees and the Alps. A Tour without one of the classic climbs is unheard of, and if, say, Mont Ventoux, doesn’t get included for a long run of years, then there will be a popular outcry.

In 2024, because of the Olympic Games in Paris, the Tour is finishing outside the capital for the first time – in Nice in south-eastern France.

The Tour de France Teams

In the earliest Tours, riders were competing solo and any help between them was prohibited. However, even in the 1900s, bicycle manufacturers sponsored the best riders, and it didn’t take long before loose alliances between them began to be forged – much to the organizer’s chagrin. To Desgrange, this collaboration didn’t seem like a pure or ‘fair’ test of strength.

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To try to combat the power of the manufacturers, for much of the twentieth century the race was run with national teams, and France even had several regional outfits. But in 1962 the race returned definitively to the trade-team format we know today, with large commercial sponsors (or even now national entities) giving teams their money and identity. For the past few years, there have been 22 teams at the Tour with eight riders each, and, according to its talents, each team’s objectives may be very different.

The race for the Yellow Jersey

The biggest prize at the Tour has always been the General Classification (GC) – rewarding the rider who records the lowest cumulative time in all the stages over the whole Tour. Since 1919, the GC leader has been denoted by the yellow jersey (maillot jaune) they wear each day, and the ultimate objective is to be wearing the yellow jersey on the final podium in Paris. Small time bonuses on the GC are often awarded mid-race, either at the top of climbs or at intermediate sprint points.

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Jacques Anquetil, Eddy Merckx, Bernard Hinault, and Miguel Indurain have won the most Tours, with five each. In 1999, Lance Armstrong began a record-breaking run of seven consecutive Tour wins but was stripped of his titles in 2012 for doping offenses.

However, aside from the GC, each day’s stage is a separate race in its own right, and a stage win at the Tour can be the pinnacle of a rider’s career. How any given stage plays out depends on the terrain. Usually, the whole bunch will set off together as one big ‘peloton’, while a few riders try to work together to establish a breakaway group that will try to build up a big enough lead to contest the stage win. On flat stages, the peloton will generally catch the breakaway and the finish will be a bunch sprint. Rolling stages are the territory of the powerful riders known as puncheurs , while days with multiple smaller obstacles may favor a breakaway specialist.

Each day, every team will head out with a plan and try to execute it, with riders working together to achieve the goal: helping their GC target finish strongly, for example, setting up their climber for the final climb, or leading out their sprinter in the closing kilometers. Riders who sacrifice their personal ambitions or standing for the team goal are known as domestiques . Their job can be absolutely vital, and yet without the glory of the star riders their strength, dedication, and tactical awareness can sometimes go unrecognized.

That may sound a little formulaic, but the best thing about bike racing is its unpredictability. There’s an alchemy in how the efforts of 196 racers with differing objectives combine with the unexpected challenges of the road, and a sprinkling of human strength and weakness, to make something exciting and unexpected happen.

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The Polka-Dot, Green, and White Jerseys at the Tour de France

In addition to the GC, there are three other important in-race competitions. The mountain classification is given to the rider who gains the most points for reaching mountain summits first. It first came into being in the 1930s but is now characterized by the distinctive polka-dot jersey, which dates from the 1970s when the classification was sponsored by a chocolate brand. All of the significant climbs in each Tour are categorized, with 4 being the smallest and HC ( hors catégorie or ‘beyond categorization’) the largest. The bigger the summit, the more points awarded to the first man over, with a descending amount given to a select number after him. With the tendency towards summit finishes – which attract a premium number of points – in recent years the yellow jersey has often also won the polka-dot jersey.

The green jersey, meanwhile, is often known as the sprinters’ jersey, but is properly speaking the points jersey. It goes to the rider who accrues the most points, at stage finishes on flatter days and at intermediate sprint points – of which there is always at least one every day. Again, like the mountains jersey, a set number is awarded to the first man, and lesser amounts to the riders after him. Though it is often won by a ‘pure’ sprinter, the most successful rider in the history of the green jersey is Peter Sagan, a recently retired superstar Slovakian whose skill and consistency across the whole Tour (including the hillier stages) made up for what he lacked in top-end speed for the really flat days.

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Finally, the white jersey is awarded to the best young rider, under 25 years old when that year’s Tour starts. However, given the trend of younger and younger riders winning the Tour, the yellow jersey and the white jersey can often be the same guy.

The Spectators at the Tour de France

In terms of the number of live attendees, the Tour de France is the biggest sporting event in the world. Because it takes place on public roads, unless you have a VIP hospitality package right at the finish line, it is free to watch. If the Tour is passing through a village, the whole population will take to the streets for barbecues, wine, and music. Mountain stages, too, can be very rewarding for spectators, with huge crowds – into the hundreds of thousands – lining the road for an all-day (and sometimes all-night) party, waiting for the helicopters to start flying overhead, the team cars to whizz past and finally the riders to slowly ascend – all surrounded by dramatic scenery. If you ever get the chance, it’s highly recommended.

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However, watching on TV is in some ways better! With the complexity of the different competitions, the multiple races-within-a-race, and the different story arcs ranging from the single day’s result to the whole three-week affair, the amount of tension and intrigue in a good Tour de France can be mind-blowing.

Yes, on slow days, you might get to know far more about chateaux, vineyards, and local cheeses than you thought you needed to, but even that can be fun. The Tour has often been described as one big advert for the French tourist board, and watching the countryside change over the course of the race – plus those amazing helicopter shots of riders in the mountains – is a real feast.

So put a date in your diary, and here’s to hoping for a vintage Tour de France 2024.

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The Tour de France: A Brief History

The Tour de France is an undeniably remarkable cycling event that encourages riders from all over the globe to stretch their personal physical limits and resilience.

Beginning with the first edition in 1903, the race has been through many changes, such as adding new stages and routes, and has become the massive race we know today.

In this blog, we will explore the history of this thrilling race, including the early years, the golden age where French and Italian cyclists dominated, and the modern era of cycling. It’s an inspiring journey that celebrates human achievement’s incredible power.

Humble Beginnings

The Tour de France was an incredibly audacious venture brought to life by Henri Desgrange, editor of the French sports newspaper L’Auto from 1900-1932.

Inspired by his background in cycling and organising sports events, Desgrange saw great promise in the six-day races in the United States and decided to take a chance to do something even more remarkable – a multi-stage race around France!

So it all started with Desgrange’s race announcement in January 1903. Fast forward half a year, and the first race kicked off with six stages and 2,428 km of terrain to cover in 19 days.

It was a thrilling challenge of stamina, with riders overcoming tough terrain and unpredictable weather conditions. 60 riders embarked on the race, and only 21 completed it.

Maurice Garin, a Frenchman, emerged victorious, winning three stages and finishing over two hours ahead of the runner-up and fellow Frenchman, Hippolyte Aucouturier.

The Early Years

The wild ride begins, full of controversy, discontent, and chaos. Riders resorted to cheating and sabotage in a desperate attempt to gain an edge. At the same time, the race organisers worked fruitlessly to maintain order.

The government suspended the race during World War I and II. Yet, it still managed to experience tremendous growth in popularity.

Race organisers added new stages, new riders emerged as stars, and the race helped establish cycling as a major global sport.

The first official Tour de France race takes place, consisting of six stages covering 2,428 km. Maurice Garin of France wins the race.

Mountain stages are introduced, with riders navigating the Pyrenees and the Alps.

The Tour’s organisers introduced the yellow jersey to allow spectators to identify the race’s leader quickly.

However, it was in mid-July 1919, almost a month into the race, that the jersey was awarded.

Before the yellow jersey was introduced, the race leader would wear a green armband to signal their position.

What does the yellow jersey mean?

Organisers introduced the yellow jersey (Malliot jaune) as a means for spectators to identify the race leader quickly. Organisers introduced the yellow jersey (Malliot jaune) as a means for spectators to identify the race leader quickly.

However, in mid-July 1919, almost a month into the race, they awarded the jersey.

During the Dreyfus affair , a major political scandal in France, the cost of advertising space in a leading sports paper skyrocketed, causing advertisers to become unhappy.

Advertisers withdrew their support in response to the rising cost of advertising and dissatisfaction with the paper’s support of Dreyfus. Instead, they backed the rival publication L’Auto, funded by the same advertisers.

Interestingly, L’Auto used yellow newsprint, leading some to speculate that the iconic yellow colour of the Tour de France’s yellow jersey was to match the distinctive colour in the paper purposely.

The Golden Age

The golden age of the Tour de France was a time of unparalleled greatness. French and Italian cyclists reveled in glory and became the source of national pride.

People were out in droves, cheering their heroes on and relishing their country’s great success.

It was a breathtaking sight – all around, people seemed to have come out of their homes in masses, the air thick with their passionate cheers in honour of the cycling champions, a unified spirit of love and admiration for their nation reigning strong.

Golden moments

Gino Bartali, an Italian cyclist, had a moment of glory when he achieved his second victory.

This monumental achievement was met with extreme joy from the Italian people, especially after the sorrow following the end of World War II. His victory is heroic, and he remains celebrated as a national hero in Italy.

The world held its breath as Frenchman Louison Bobet accomplished unprecedented greatness.

Bobet made history with his remarkable feat of becoming the first rider ever to win three consecutive races, an incredible accomplishment that set him apart and pushed the boundaries of what others believe can be achieved.

The legendary Jacques Anquetil rose to the challenge and achieved the impossible!

His feat of a record-breaking 5th win is a remarkable testament to his skill and unyielding dedication, making him one of the greatest athletes the world has ever seen!

His accomplishment will forever be remembered and celebrated.

The Modern Era

The Tour de France of today looks drastically different from the humble event that began in France many years ago.

Just think, what was once a mere French event is now a global phenomenon, attracting riders from all corners of the world, each showing remarkable finesse and high competition standards.

Unforgettable highlights

The triumphs of French rider Laurent Fignon in 1983 and 1984 were legendary!

Famed for his daring and unorthodox approach to cycling, Fignon utilised aerodynamic equipment and a low riding position for a unique advantage over his competitors.

His feats of cycling prowess remain the stuff of legends.

The cycling world was devastated by the doping scandal, with multiple riders testing positive for performance-enhancing drugs.

This led to urgent action from race organisers, taking necessary steps to prevent further cheating and bringing in stricter testing protocols and punishments for cyclists who violate the rules.

What an incredible moment for Australia when Cadel Evans, who had already tasted defeat twice in 2007 and 2008, finally won in 2011! This victory had a lasting impact on cycling in Australia, inspiring a new generation of riders and cycling enthusiasts.

The legend continues

The Tour de France stands head and shoulders above other sporting events – its real presence on the world stage continues its strength.

It remains the go-to competition for top cyclists worldwide, a gruelling challenge that tests every aspect of their skill and strength.

People come from near and far to witness this awe-inspiring event, and it continues to captivate the hearts and minds of millions across the globe.

New routes and stages

In recent years, organisers have updated the course design to make the race even more exciting and captivating, including the following:

On this historic day, the 109th edition marked its inaugural start in Yorkshire, England, thus beginning a new era for the world-renowned race.

Following the English Channel crossing, the riders continued through France, with a challenging mountain stage in the Vosges and a grand finale on the towering Puy-de-Dôme volcano.

The Tour de France included a particularly difficult stage that ended with a climb up the iconic Mont Ventoux. An unfortunate motorbike incident occurred at Challet Reynard near the summit.

Several riders, including overall race winner Chris Froome, had to run with their bikes to complete the stage.

The twenty-first stage provided a thrilling conclusion as riders faced a challenging ascent of the Col du Portet in the Pyrenees, with steep inclines and decreased oxygen levels at higher altitudes.

The race began in the enchanted region of Brittany and culminated in the City of Love – Paris, as is tradition! Yet, this year the cyclists were presented with new obstacles, including:

• The daunting Mont Ventoux
• The steep ascent up the Col du Portet in the Pyrenees!

With a booming start from Copenhagen, the 2022 tour began its epic 3,328km journey through Belgium, France and the Alps.

After battling six gruelling mountain stages and five altitude finishes, riders faced their final challenges in the Pyrenees mountains before the action-packed final stage on the Champs-Elysées in Paris.

This is a testament to how passionate the organisers are about creating a challenging and beautiful route that celebrates the diverse landscape of France and surrounding countries.

Experience the Ultimate Tour de France Tour

We are absolutely in love with France – the people, its unique art and culture, its incredible food and wine , its long and fascinating history, the beautiful outdoors, the magnificent mountains and its unparalleled enthusiasm for the world’s biggest sporting event.

We are excited to show you the dream Tour de France experience, including our loop rides of:

• Alpe D’huez
• Mont Ventoux, Paris
• Many more breathtaking locations around France.

View our Ultimate Tour de France cycling tour details for more information on an experience you won’t forget!

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The Origin Story of the Tour de France

The first Tour de France took place over 100 years ago, back in 1903. Do you know why the race was held and who had the idea for cyclists to go around the whole of France?

The story begins at the turn of the 20th century with two French newspapers competing for readers. The editor-in-chief of the cycling newspaper Le Vélo, Pierre Giffard, held different political views from one of the newspaper’s major patrons, Jules-Albert Dion. They stood on opposing sides of the Dreyfus case. Alfred Dreyfus was an Alsatian Jew who was framed with manufactured evidence and given a life sentence for supposedly passing secrets to the Germans. This issue divided France, the conservative part wanted him sentenced, while progressives wanted him exonerated. Jules-Albert Dion decided to halt his support of Le Vélo and establish a new newspaper called L’Auto-Vélo to drive Pierre Giffard’s Le Vélo out of business.

Henri Desgrange was chosen as the editor for the new L’Auto-Vélo newspaper. Henri Desgrange was a man of many talents, he was a lawyer, cycling promoter, and former competitor himself. He set the first World Hour Record with 35,325 kilometres in 1893. He wrote a successful book about racing, Head and Legs . And he also managed a velodrome that got little mention from Giffard, which was further motivation for him to succeed with L’Auto-Vélo.

In 1900, the first issue of L’Auto-Vélo came out printed on yellow paper to differentiate itself from the green paper of Le Vélo. Le Vélo was quick to sue the new magazine for plagiarism, claiming that they chose a name that was too similar. Le Vélo won the lawsuit and L’Auto-Vélo was forced to rename to L’Auto, the first blow to the new newspaper. As time went on, L’Auto kept losing the battle for sports readership with the more established Le Vélo. They needed something big to attract cycling fans.

In November of 1902, Desgrange called his core staff for an emergency lunch to brainstorm ideas that could reinvigorate the newspaper and give it an edge. Géorges Lefèvre, a writer who was covering cycling and rugby, came prepared.

Géorges Lefèvre: “Let’s organize a race that lasts several days longer than anything else. Like the six-day ones on the track, but on the road. Our big towns will welcome the riders.”

Henri Desgrange: “If I understand you correctly, petit Géo, you’re proposing a Tour de France?”

Géorges Lefèvre: “Yes, why not?”

Henri Desgrange: “I will ask Victor.”

Desgrange apparently took credit for the idea when he proposed the race to the financial controller of L’Auto, Victor Goddet. Goddet, to the surprise of Desgrange, approved the idea, despite the massive costs that would come with it. He understood the promotional value of this epic proposal.

The loss of the plagiarism suit and declining readership gave L’Auto reasons to proceed with speed with the race in order to promote the magazine to cycling fans. The other sports magazines had their own races, but Lefèvre’s idea would completely leapfrog these other races in scope and appeal.

They moved fast and on the 19 th of January 1903 L’Auto announced the biggest cycling race that would span 2,428 km over 6 stages from 31 st May to 5 th July. No assistance, no pacers, no coaches, no masseuses so that all riders have the same conditions.

There were only 15 signups for this monstrous race about a week before the start. Henri acted quick. He moved the start date to the 19 th of July and promised 5 francs per day for the top 50 riders and increased the prize pool to 20,000 francs. Soon, he has a peloton of 60 competitors ready to put on a show, 49 French, 4 Belgian, 4 Swiss, 2 German, and 1 Italian cyclist. Only 21 of these are professional cyclists and many of them aren’t even full-time competitors. Most of the participants are simply adventurers or unemployed.

Henri Desgrange remains sceptical of this whole risky endeavour and stays hidden in the newspaper office on the first day of the race. Géo Lefèvre is the true hero of L’Auto. He follows the whole race, sometimes on a bike himself, other times in a car or catching trains so he doesn’t miss a single checkpoint. He becomes the race director, commissaire, and reporter in one.

The race turns into a sensation. Hundreds of thousands of fans come to the streets to cheer the riders on their gruelling route and over 20,000 are waiting at the velodrome in Paris at the finish line. L’Auto rides the success and nearly triples its readership during the race.

It only takes another year for L’Auto to completely dominate the cycling world with Tour de France’s success and bankrupt its competitor Le Vélo. Pierre Giffard loses the battle of cycling newspapers and his job along with it. It doesn’t take long and Henri Desgrange offers him a position as a cycling reporter in his growing magazine L’Auto.

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Tour de France: The World's Greatest Sporting Event

Considering its global popularity, it’s hard to believe that the Tour de France started as a simple marketing stunt for a French newspaper. It began as a six-day tour organized to promote daily sports journal L’Auto (today known as L’Équipe ), in hopes of helping it outsell its then-competitor Le Vélo . Featuring the longest and toughest road race of its kind at the time, the Tour became an immediate success. Sales of L’Auto skyrocketed to such an extent that Le Vélo went bust — and thus with a bang, one of the world’s greatest sporting events was born.

The Tour has run every year since 1903 except for two short breaks during the World Wars. As its popularity has grown, so has its intensity: the first Tour covered an impressive total distance of 2428 km over just six stages, whereas modern Tours cover a distance of around 3,500 km over a total of 21 stages. The diversity of its participants has also evolved from primarily French competitors to a now wholly international array of riders, all competing to take home the coveted yellow jersey. For France, “le Tour” is an event of significant cultural importance which the nation takes great pride in hosting. In his book The Tour de France: A Cultural History , Tour historian Christopher Thompson describes it as ‘an image of a vigorous and progressive French nation’ and ‘a portrait of health’ for the people of France. The Tour’s arrival in the various cities and towns is always cause for excitement for both dedicated cycling enthusiasts and ordinary locals alike. In the earlier days of the Tour, store owners would often open their doors and allow race participants to ravage the shelves as they passed through, considering the loss of stock to be an acceptable price to pay for the massive advertising opportunity that the Tour provides.

The modern Tour commonly hosts stages outside of France, with this year’s ‘Grand Départ’ taking off Utrecht , Germany . The process choosing of the route is complex and time-consuming: every year, the race’s director Christian Prudhomme receives letters from towns all across France asking to host a stage. Prudhomme will send an undercover scout out to any promising-looking towns to scope them out and assess their ability to accommodate the caravan of thousands cyclists, mechanics, doctors, press and spectators that make up the Tour. However, a simple approval from the scout is not all it takes to host a stage. Cities and towns are known to spend vast sums of money to have the Tour pass through. The going rate for a town to host a start stage is €50,000, and a finish stage €100,000. The Grand Départ, the biggest stage of all, is the most expensive to host with some international cities such as London having paid over one million euros to host.

Despite its ever-changing route, certain recurring mountain passes (‘cols’ in French) have become famous over the years for their difficulty. The excitement of the race really builds during these climbs, as riders are pushed to their absolute limits trying to maintain their position while battling against the extreme incline of the mountains. A notable example is the Col du Tourmalet in the Pyrenees, where riders must ascend 1,395 meters over an 18.6 km course of narrow, spectator-lined roads. Even with the cheers of encouragement from the people of the Pyrenees, this climb presents a true test to the competitors who must remain focused and pace themselves to avoid falling behind. The Col du Tourmalet is considered a classic stage in the Tour and has been featured more times than any other. Climbs are ranked according to their difficulty and are assigned a category between one and four, with one being the hardest and four being the easiest. The difficulty is calculated using a formula which takes into account the steepness and length of the climb, as well as how far into the race it appears. However, there are certain climbs which are considered to be ‘Hors Catégorie’ or ‘beyond categorization’ due to their extreme difficulty. The Col du Tourmalet is an example of one of these climbs, but it is not the only one that riders will face during this year’s particularly difficult route. By the finish line riders will have encountered a total of six ‘Hors Catégorie’ climbs: some classics, such as the Alpe d’Huez, and some which have not been visited under this category before, such as the Col de la Pierre St Martin.

When the Tour finally does reach Paris the celebrations are always spectacular. The entire city shuts down in order to accommodate the race, much to the dismay of commuters and taxi drivers. Celebrations always begin early, with some tour fanatics heading out as early as six in the morning in order to get their chance to cycle a few laps on the still-quiet Champs-Élysées . Spectators arrive soon after with the appropriate supplies to camp out for the day in the Jardin de Tuileries or on Rue de Rivoli to ensure they secure a good spot. They are entertained by live music set up on stages and by floats which pass along the route before the cyclists arrive. There are always street-vendors out in force selling Tour merchandise, including replica yellow jerseys which add to the color of this vibrant and animated day.

If you happen to be in Paris on July 26th, do not miss the opportunity to see the Tour come to the finish line. Getting to see the sweat and struggle of these supreme athletes in person as they fly past at unbelievable speeds is truly inspiring. Along with the energy and noise of the Parisian crowds, it creates an incredible experience that watching it on a screen does not even come close to. Pick up some picnic supplies, head down early, find a spot and enjoy this iconic event.

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The Real Reason The Tour De France Began

It's hard to believe that one of cycling's most prominent events began as a publicity stunt, but that's the truth behind the origins of the Tour de France . Henri Desgrange, a French newspaper editor and cycling enthusiast, established this sporting event with his newspaper L'Auto as its sponsor (the publication is now known as L'Equipe) in 1903, according to Britannica . The idea for the Tour de France came from one of Desgrange's journalists, Geo Lefevre, and was meant to increase sales of their floundering sports paper, L'Auto (via History).

Together Desgrange and Lefevre developed the first Tour de France course that covered 1,500 miles, starting in Paris and looping through such cities as Lyon, Toulouse, and Bordeaux, before returning to the French capital. The first Tour de France had six stages, which meant the cyclists had to cover roughly 250 miles a day. When the event began on July 1, 1903, 60 cyclists started their ride for the top cash prize of 3,000 francs (via WBUR ).

Maurice Garin wins first Tour de France

The first Tour de France cyclists had no helmets and had to tackle unpaved roads. It was every rider for himself unlike the cycling teams of today (via History). And even this first event had to handle its share of cheating scandals when one rider used a car to help him keep his pace and another rode in the slipstream of a vehicle. At the end, Maurice Garin became the first Tour de France champion. Another 20 riders also made it to the finish. Garin repeated his win the next year, but he was disqualified. Several other riders were disqualified for cheating, too. The top prize actually ended up going to the cyclist who finished fifth (via WBUR ).

Still, the Tour de France race proved to be a win for L'Auto, too, boosting its circulation substantially during that first event. It has been held nearly every year since it began with breaks from 1915 to 1918 for World War I and from 1940 to 1946 for World War II. Not even the Covid-19 epidemic could stop the race in 2020, but it was postponed for a time (via Tour de France ). The 2020 Tour de France ran from August 29 to September 20 that year. But the following year, the race returned to its usual summer start, starting on June 26 and ending on July 18.

The Tour de France: Then and now

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Tour de France History

The tour de france: then and now.

Le Tour de France has been pushing man and machine to their limits since 1903. But much has changed since the early days of the Tour: from a mostly national attraction, it has become the world’s largest annual multi-day sporting event, drawing billions of fans from across the globe. On the road, too, things are a lot different: safer, more professional and a little less wild. Join us on a ride down memory lane to find out more.   

What´s changed? The history of the Tour de France

The first Tour de France was held in 1903 – with the aim of selling more newspapers… It was set up and sponsored by French sports paper  L’Auto , which hoped a tough new endurance race around the country would capture the public’s attention and boost its declining sales figures. It was right. The race was a hit, and tens of thousands gathered in Paris to witness its final stage – much like they do today. But many other things have changed dramatically since the first Tour in 1903.

Tour history

• In 1903, the six monstrous stages of the Tour de France covered a total of 2,428 kilometers, meaning some racing took place at night across rough, unpaved roads.
• Riders rode as individuals, without team support.
• The inaugural Tour de France winner, part-time chimney sweep Maurice Garin, took home 3,000 francs, equivalent to around 12,000 euros today.
• His winning margin was almost three hours – the biggest ever.
• A green armband signified the overall leader. The famous yellow jersey wasn’t introduced until 1919.

The Tour today

• The 2024 Tour will cover 3,492 kilometers in 21 stages, starting in Florence (Italy) and ending for the first time in Nice.
• No more lone rangers: there are expected to be 22 professional teams taking part this year, each with eight cyclists.
• In 2024, the overall leader will receive 500,000 euros.
• By the final stage, his margin of victory will likely be just a handful of minutes at the most.
• Le Tour de France is watched by around 10-12 million spectators on-site, with more than two billion others tuning in around the world.  

From reckless riders to dedicated sports pros

Tour de France cyclists have always been incredibly fit and dedicated to their craft. But in the early days of the race, competitors had somewhat more relaxed views on training and diet.

Alcohol was a staple for many riders, even during a race. 1903 Tour de France winner Maurice Garin was a fan of wine and cigarettes and liked to break at several bars en route to ‘refuel’. In 1935, almost the entire peloton stopped to have a drink with locals! Of course, strenuous exercise requires cyclists to take on plenty of carbohydrates and calories, but back then there was little concern for nutritional value. The 1904 Tour de France winner, Henri Cornet, favored a diet that included plenty of hot chocolate, tea, champagne and rice pudding.

By comparison, today’s pros dedicate almost every single day to staying fit and healthy. The cycling season runs from February to October and teams meticulously plan everything for their riders to ensure they peak at the right time.

Diets are carefully managed, while training schedules include everything from gym sessions and yoga to massages and stretching, as well as plenty of hours in the saddle. During the Tour, depending on stage difficulty, riders can eat up to 7,000 calories a day – three times what average humans burn in a day.

From French supporters to international superfans

Limited travel options meant the early days of the Tour were mainly witnessed by locals. French fans who came out to watch were often fiercely supportive of their hometown heroes. In 1904, several hundred fans tried to help Antoine Fauré by throwing nails and glass on the road and attacking his rivals, with one rider even knocked unconscious. Race officials eventually had to fire pistols in the air to defuse the situation.

Today, fans travel from across the globe to catch a glimpse of the world’s best cyclists. In recognition of the race’s broad appeal, the Tour now regularly even starts outside France. Its opening stage, or  Grand Départ , has been held in Italy, England, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands, among others.

While fans are generally better behaved these days, they can still get a little too close to the action. Overexuberant spectators have unfortunately caused numerous crashes, particularly on narrow mountain roads. It isn’t possible to place barriers along hundreds of kilometers of road each day, but the Tour does now use them to protect riders from selfie-seeking supporters on the final stretch of each stage.

A history of road 

French cyclist Maurice Garin, the first Tour de France winner, rode on a bike considerably different to those used today (and without wearing a helmet). Thanks to a steel frame and wooden rims, it weighed in at a bulky 18 kilograms, significantly more than twice as much as today’s machines. And the bikes weren’t just heavy, they were also single speed, making climbing particularly strenuous. 

To make things harder still, cyclists raced alone – without team cars or spare bikes. They would wrap themselves in spare tires and inner tubes like ammunition belts in preparation for the inevitable punctures.

In the past few years, riders tackle each stage of the Tour de France on cutting-edge carbon fiber bikes that weigh around seven kilograms. They’ll even have a choice of styles for different types of stage: flat, mountain or time trial. Helmets are now compulsory.

Supporting each team is a squad of backroom staff comprising a general manager, multiple directors, mechanics, a chef, doctor and masseurs. While they’re on the road, riders are in constant contact with their team via radio and have access to spare bikes, clothing, food and drink in support cars. 

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Le Tour de France: History, Fun facts and vocabulary

June 26, 2023   Culture

Every summer, millions of spectators gather along a 3,000-kilometer route to witness the “world’s greatest sporting event”. The Tour de France is a multi-stage bicycle race featuring the most impressive cyclists from around the globe. Whether you’ll be tuning in for the first time or have been counting down the days since last year’s race, we’ve gathered all of the info you need to prepare yourself for this summer’s edition. 

By ALAINA SCHWARTZ

The first edition (1903).

What is now considered the most prestigious competition in cycling actually began as a marketing initiative. The Tour de France was conceived by Géo Lefèvre, a sports journalist for the daily sports paper l’Auto , in order to increase sales and keep up with competitors. The first edition was an instant success, and increased circulation six times over. 

The Tour’s first edition ran from July 1 through July 19, 1903, and was more intensive than the one we know today. It was made up of six stages that more than doubled the distance of any of those in modern editions, which have twenty-one. The 2,428-kilometer route began and ended in Paris, with stops in Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux and Nantes along the way. It was won by Maurice Garin with a lead of 2:59:31, the largest in the history of the race to this day. He was awarded 20,000 French Francs (€3,000 today). The prize for the 110th edition in 2023 is €500,000.

Practice your French: Watch this video and get first hand accounts of the first Tour de France or visit the National archive website (INA) for their report of the event!

THE TOUR DE FRANCE TODAY

The race has changed significantly over the years, though the format of modern editions have remained the same. Each race is divided into twenty-one day-long stages and two rest days, and takes place over twenty-three days. The route changes every year, with the majority of the route in France, and often crosses borders. In 2023, the route is 3,404 kilometers. The race will take place from July 1 to July 23, and the Grand départ (mass start) will be hosted in Bilbao! You’ll find a map of the complete route here .

There are usually twenty to twenty-two teams, with eight riders each. Every stage is timed, and the rider with the lowest cumulative time is declared the leader and wears the coveted maillot jaune (yellow jersey). This aspect of the competition is the most important, and is called the “general classification”. Other jerseys are awarded to the winners of the mountains, points, and young rider classifications.

The last stage, the Arrivée finale , is largely celebratory, and always ends with the winning rider from the general classification riding a circuit throughout the Champs-Élysées in Paris (sometimes with a glass of champagne in hand!). 

VISIT THE TOUR DE FRANCE

From the Grand départ to the Arrivée finale , every city that hosts a stage on the route of the Tour de France will receive waves of visitors and tons of media coverage. It’s considered an honor that’s celebrated with plenty of fanfare. 

Since the race is so popular, you’ll want to make your travel arrangements as early as possible. The route is always announced in October of the year prior, and accommodations are booked almost immediately. You’ll have to be quick if you want to get a hotel at the start or finish line, which is a race in and of itself. 

You can expect huge crowds, with the most dedicated spectators arriving hours or even days in advance to get the best view. It’s an exciting opportunity to watch the race up close, and even engage with the riders. Before the stage starts, some riders will take photos and sign autographs for the crowd. 

If you want to truly embrace the spirit of the Tour, consider going by bike! Last year, the Tour de France announced a partnership with STRAVA , an app and social platform where athletes can track their routes, time, upload photos, and write notes. You’ll be able to find the best cycling routes along the stages of the race, and follow your favorite cyclists for daily updates.

Planning on visiting in 2023? Get more pro tips and tricks from two cycling enthusiasts here .

NOTABLE MOMENTS AND FUN FACTS:

• The second edition of the Tour de France is infamous for the chaos that ensued. Cheating, sabotage and violence among rival fans and competitors prompted the race’s organizer to publish a reaction in l’Auto declaring that the 1904 edition would be the last, titling it, “THE END”. Maurice Garin would have again been the winner, but was later disqualified for cheating. Practice your French: Watch this video to learn more about the 1904 Tour de France.
• The only times the race did not take place were during the World Wars (1915-18 and 1940-1946). In 2020 it was postponed due to the pandemic, and took place from August 29 through September 20.
• Lance Armstrong’s seven Tour wins were revoked, and no alternate winner was named, meaning from 1999-2005, there are no declared winners. Practice your French: Learn all about the scandal in this French TV program .
• Multiple women’s versions of the Tour have been created, but are challenging to promote and maintain because of a lack of media coverage and funding. The most recent one is called the Tour de France Femmes . The second edition happening in summer 2023 will begin on July 23, the same day the Tour de France ends. 
• Egan Barnal’s win in 2019 was one of the most celebrated of recent years, as he is the first Latin American cyclist to win the Tour, and the youngest winner since 1909 and the third-youngest of all time (age 22 years, 196 days).
• The 2023 Tour de France route will visit all five of France’s mountain ranges.
• On average, the Tour de France has 12 million live spectators, and 40 million viewers. You can watch it at home from the US on NBC and Peacock!

French Tip: The French word tour , meaning “tour” or “circuit,” is masculine. When talking about the Tour de France, always use the masculine article, le . When paired with a feminine article ( une , la ), the word tour means “tower” (think: la Tour Eiffel !). Le Tour de France is also referred to as le Tour and La Grande Boucle (“The Big Loop”).

Here’s some vocabulary you can start using today:

• un vélo – a bike
• un·e cycliste – a cyclist 
• une équipe – a team
• un casque – a helmet
• un maillot – a jersey
• un parcours – a route
• une étape – a stage
• une course – a race
• la ligne d’arrivée – the finish line

Category: Culture , Sports Tags: history , paris —

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The Tour de France: Cycling's Ultimate Race and the History Behind It

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The Tour de France is the world's most prestigious cycling race, covering over 2,100 miles and testing the endurance of top athletes. Wondering how it all began and what makes it so challenging? This guide breaks down everything you need to know about the 2024 Tour de France, from its rich history to the key stages and top contenders.

• What is the Tour de France?
• Stages and distances
• History of the race
• Geographic scope
• Participation criteria
• Jerseys and their Meanings
• Notable winners
• Team dynamics
• Points calculation
• Fun facts and trivia
• Prize money
• Doping history

Explore these aspects to understand why the Tour de France remains the pinnacle of competitive cycling. So, Let's dive in.

Tour de France: Basics to Know

• History: Since 1903, the Tour de France has become the top cycling race globally, known for its rich history and legendary stages.
• Race Structure: Spanning 3,500 km over 21 stages, it includes flat, mountain, and time trials.
• Geography: Primarily in France, but often starts in other countries, showcasing diverse landscapes.
• Participation: Open to UCI WorldTeams and selected UCI ProTeams, featuring 20-22 teams of eight riders each.
• Winning Criteria: Requires the lowest cumulative time, strategic planning, and team support.
• Jerseys: Yellow (Overall leader), Green (Best sprinter), Polka Dot (Best climber), White (Best young rider).
• Notable Winners: Maurice Garin, Jacques Anquetil, Eddy Merckx, Bernard Hinault, Miguel Indurain, Lance Armstrong (titles stripped), and Mark Cavendish
• Team Dynamics: Teams work together with roles like lead riders, domestiques, sprinters, and climbers.
• Scoring: Points from stage wins, sprints, and climbs determine jersey winners and standings.
• Prize Money: Over €2.3 million total; €500,000 for the overall winner.
• Timing: Held annually in late June to mid-July; the 2024 race runs from June 29 to July 21.

What Exactly is the Tour de France?

The Tour de France is an annual men's multi-stage bicycle race primarily held in France, though it often extends into neighboring countries like Belgium, Spain, and Italy. Organized by the Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), this prestigious event spans approximately 3,500 kilometers (2,200 miles) over 21 stages and 23 days. Known for its challenging routes, it tests the endurance and strategy of the best cyclists.

Race Structure

• Flat Stages:

• Ideal for sprinters.
• Riders can reach speeds up to 70 km/h (43 mph).
• For Example, Mark Cavendish etched his name into cycling history by securing his 35th stage win at the 2024 Tour de France, surpassing Eddy Merckx's long standing record. He is the Tour de France's Best Sprinter of all time.
• Mountain Stages:

• These stages test the best climbers and often determine the overall leader.
• The climbs in the Alps and Pyrenees are legendary, with gradients that can exceed 10%.
• Time Trials:

• Riders race against the clock in these stages, which are crucial for the general classification.
• Time trials require a unique blend of speed and endurance, and the right equipment can make a significant difference.

 To excel in the Tour de France, cyclists must not only be in peak physical condition but also have a deep understanding of race strategies. It's the reason why this race is the pinnacle of competitive cycling.

The Fascinating History of the Tour de France

The Tour de France was first held in 1903 , created by journalist Henri Desgrange to boost sales for the newspaper L'Auto (now L'Equipe). Maurice Garin won the inaugural race, which featured six stages and covered nearly 2,500 kilometers . This event quickly became an annual tradition, growing in popularity and complexity over the years.

Key Milestones

• 1903: Maurice Garin wins the first Tour de France. The race consisted of six stages covering 2,500 kilometers.
• 1919: Introduction of the yellow jersey (Maillot Jaune) to signify the overall leader. This tradition began to honor the race leader's distinction​.
• 1975: The Tour finishes on the Champs-Élysées in Paris for the first time, creating an iconic end to the race that continues today.

Evolution of the Race

Over the years, the Tour de France has seen many changes and expansions:

• Early Years: Initially, the race had fewer stages but longer distances per stage, often requiring riders to cycle through the night.
• Modern Era: Today, the race is more structured with 21 stages spread over 23 days, balancing flat, mountain, and time trial stages to test a variety of cycling skills.

How the Race is Structured: Stages and Distances

Each Tour de France consists of a mix of stages designed to test different skills and strategies:

• Number of Stages: 21
• Total Distance: Approximately 3,500 kilometers (2,200 miles)

Stage Types:

• Favor sprinters with fast finishes.
• For Example, Sprinters reach speeds up to 70 km/h (43 mph) in these stages.
• Include steep climbs and descents.
• Notable Climb: The Alpe d'Huez , known for its 21 hairpin bends and challenging gradient, often determines the general classification leader.
• Riders race individually against the clock.
• This stage is crucial for determining the overall winner, requiring both speed and endurance.

Here's what the Tour de France stages were in 2023:

Each year's route is unique and can vary in the number and type of stages. According to cyclingnews.com , here's what it was in 2023:

• Stage 1: Bilbao to Bilbao - 182 km (Flat)
• Stage 2: Vitoria-Gasteiz to San Sebastián - 208.9 km (Hilly)
• Stage 3: Amorebieta-Etxano to Bayonne - 187.4 km (Flat)
• Stage 4: Dax to Nogaro - 181.8 km (Flat)
• Stage 5: Pau to Laruns - 162.7 km (Mountain)
• Stage 6: Tarbes to Cauterets-Cambasque - 144.9 km (Mountain)
• Stage 7: Mont-de-Marsan to Bordeaux - 169.9 km (Flat)
• Stage 8: Libourne to Limoges - 200.7 km (Flat)
• Stage 9: Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat to Puy de Dôme - 182.4 km (Mountain)
• Stage 10: Vulcania to Issoire - 167.2 km (Hilly)
• Stage 11: Clermont-Ferrand to Moulins - 179.8 km (Flat)
• Stage 12: Roanne to Belleville-en-Beaujolais - 168.8 km (Hilly)
• Stage 13: Châtillon-sur-Chalaronne to Grand Colombier - 137.8 km (Mountain)
• Stage 14: Annemasse to Morzine Les Portes du Soleil - 151.8 km (Mountain)
• Stage 15: Les Gets Les Portes du Soleil to Saint-Gervais Mont-Blanc - 179 km (Mountain)
• Stage 16: Passy to Combloux - 22.4 km (Individual Time Trial)
• Stage 17: Saint-Gervais Mont-Blanc to Courchevel - 165.7 km (Mountain)
• Stage 18: Moûtiers to Bourg-en-Bresse - 184.9 km (Flat)
• Stage 19: Moirans-en-Montagne to Poligny - 172.8 km (Flat)
• Stage 20: Belfort to Le Markstein Fellering - 133.5 km (Mountain)
• Stage 21: Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines to Paris Champs-Élysées - 115.1 km (Flat)

This historic race continues to evolve, challenging cyclists in new ways each year while maintaining its prestigious legacy.

Where the Tour Takes You: Geographic Scope of the Race

The Tour de France, while primarily held in France, often begins in a different country, showcasing a truly international dimension. This grand event not only traverses France's diverse landscapes but also features stages in neighboring nations, adding a unique flavor to each edition.

Countries the Race Passes Through

The grand Tour now has started in various countries, including:

• Belgium: Known for its flat stages that favor sprinters.
• Netherlands: Featuring challenging routes through its iconic dikes and bridges.
• United Kingdom: Highlighting urban stages through cities like London and Leeds.
• Germany: Offering both flat and hilly terrains.

Starting the race in different countries helps to internationalize the event, attracting a broader audience and showcasing the unique cycling culture of each region.

Traditional and Notable Locations

Throughout France, the Tour passes through:

• The Alps and Pyrenees: These mountain ranges provide some of the most challenging and memorable climbs, such as the Col du Tourmalet and Mont Ventoux.
• Provence and Brittany: Known for their picturesque countryside and coastal views.
• Bordeaux and Champagne regions: Offering scenic routes through vineyards and historical sites.

Each location and ride adds its own charm and challenges, making each season of the Tour a comprehensive test of a cyclist's versatility and endurance.

Final Stage and Where the Race Finishes

The grand finale of the Tour de France traditionally takes place on the Champs-Élysées in Paris. This iconic avenue, lined with cheering crowds and historic landmarks, provides a dramatic and prestigious conclusion to the race. The final stage is usually a flat route, ending with a sprint finish that determines the stage winner but rarely affects the overall standings.

Who Gets to Compete? Participation Criteria

To compete in the Tour de France, cyclists must meet specific eligibility requirements set by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).

Eligibility for the Race

Cyclists must be part of a UCI World Team or a selected UCI Pro Team . These teams are composed of top professional cyclists who have proven their abilities in various international competitions. The race typically features 20-22 teams, each consisting of eight riders.

Distinction Between Professional and Amateur Participants

• Professional Participants: Only UCI WorldTeams and UCI ProTeams are eligible to compete in the Tour de France. These teams include some of the best cyclists in the world, trained and supported by a network of coaches, nutritionists, and other specialists.
• Amateur Participants: While amateurs cannot compete in the Tour de France itself, there are various parallel events and amateur races held throughout the year that allow everyday cyclists to experience parts of the Tour's route. These events provide a taste of the challenges faced by professional riders.

Gender-Specific Races and Opportunities

• Men's Race: The main event, the Tour de France, is exclusively for male cyclists and is the pinnacle of professional cycling.
• Women's Race: Women have their version of the race, known as La Course by Le Tour de France . This race was introduced to provide a competitive platform for female cyclists and has been growing in prestige and popularity. La Course typically coincides with one of the stages of the men's Tour, showcasing the talent and endurance of top female cyclists.

Women’s Le Tour Race

La Course by Le Tour de France offers female cyclists a chance to compete on a grand stage. This race, while shorter than the men's Tour, features challenging routes and competitive fields. It highlights the importance of promoting gender equality in the sport and provides thrilling races for sports fans.

Pro Tip: Aspiring professional cyclists should aim to join a UCI ProTeam as a stepping stone to participating in the Tour de France. Building a strong racing resume in smaller, sanctioned events can help secure a spot on these teams.

What it Takes to Win the Tour de France

Winning the Tour de France requires more than just physical prowess. It demands strategic brilliance, exceptional team support, and the ability to tackle various challenges. The overall winner is the first rider in with the lowest cumulative time across all stages.

Criteria for Overall Victory

• Lowest Cumulative Time: The primary criterion for winning the Tour is having the lowest overall time across all stages. Each stage is timed to the finish, and these times are added together to determine the general classification leader.
• Consistency: Riders must consistently perform well across different stages, from flat sprints to grueling mountain climbs.
• Stage Wins and Bonuses: Winning individual stages and earning time bonuses at intermediate sprints and stage finishes can significantly impact the overall standings.

Strategies for Success

• Team Dynamics:
• Roles: Each team member has a specific role, such as lead rider, domestique, or sprinter. Domestiques support the lead rider by setting the pace, providing a draft, and protecting them from wind and rivals.
• Coordination: Effective communication and coordination are crucial. Teams must work together to control the race, chase breakaways, and set up their lead rider for success.
• Versatility:
• Adaptability: Riders must excel in various terrains and weather conditions. For example, being a strong climber is essential for mountain stages, while sprinting skills are crucial for flat stages.
• Weather Preparedness: Unpredictable weather can affect race dynamics. Successful riders prepare for all conditions, from scorching heat to torrential rain.

Challenges Faced by Riders

• Mountain Stages: These stages often determine the general classification leader. Climbs like the Col du Tourmalet and Mont Ventoux are notorious for their difficulty and can make or break a rider's Tour.
• Time Trials: These individual races against the clock are critical for securing or defending the overall lead. Riders like Tom Dumoulin have excelled in time trials due to their aerodynamic positioning and powerful riding.
• Stage Tactics: Managing energy and using drafting effectively can conserve strength for crucial moments. Cyclists often draft behind teammates or competitors to reduce wind resistance and save energy for decisive sprints or climbs.

What Do the Jerseys Mean?

In the Tour de France, jerseys play a crucial role in signifying the achievements and positions of riders. Each jersey has a unique color and meaning, representing various aspects of the race.

1. Yellow Jersey (Maillot Jaune)

• Awarded to: The overall leader of the general classification.
• Significance: This jersey is the most prestigious, worn by the rider with the lowest cumulative time across all stages. It symbolizes overall victory and is highly coveted.
• Criteria for Winning: To wear the yellow jersey, a rider must consistently perform well in all types of stages, from flat sprints to mountainous climbs and time trials. For example, in 2020, Tadej Pogačar secured the yellow jersey by excelling in mountain stages and time trials.

2. Green Jersey (Maillot Vert)

• Awarded to: The best sprinter.
• Significance: This jersey is given to the rider who accumulates the most points in sprints. Points are awarded at intermediate sprints and stage finishes, particularly in flat stages.
• Criteria for Winning: Sprinters need to consistently finish among the top in flat stages and intermediate sprints.
• Mark Cavedish Makes History in 2024: In the 2024 Tour de France, Mark Cavendish achieved a monumental feat by becoming the rider with the most stage wins in the history of the race. Surpassing Eddy Merckx's legendary record of 34 wins, Cavendish claimed his 35th victory in a thrilling sprint finish in Saint-Vulbas. This historic achievement not only cements his status as one of the greatest sprinters in cycling but also marks a significant milestone in the sport.

3. Polka Dot Jersey (Maillot à Pois Rouges)

• Awarded to: The best climber, also known as the King of the Mountains.
• Significance: This jersey is awarded based on points accumulated at designated mountain summits. It highlights the rider's climbing ability.
• Criteria for Winning: Riders earn points by being among the first to reach the top of categorized climbs. The difficulty and length of the climb determine the points awarded. Richard Virenque holds the record for the most polka dot jerseys, having won it seven times due to his exceptional climbing skills.

4. White Jersey (Maillot Blanc)

• Awarded to: The best young rider under 26.
• Significance: This jersey is given to the highest-ranked young rider in the general classification. It spotlights emerging talent in the cycling world.
• Criteria for Winning: Similar to the yellow jersey, but restricted to riders under 26. Tadej Pogačar won both the yellow and white jerseys in 2020, showcasing his all-around capabilities at a young age

Each jersey represents a specific achievement, making them prestigious targets for riders. For example, the yellow jersey is the most coveted, symbolizing the overall leader of the race.

Legendary Winners and Their Records

The Tour de France has seen numerous legendary cyclists who have left their mark on the race. These champions have showcased exceptional talent, endurance, and strategy, earning their places in cycling history.

First Winner of the Tour de France

• Maurice Garin: The inaugural winner in 1903 , Garin completed the race in 94 hours, 33 minutes. His victory set the stage for what would become the most prestigious event in cycling.

Top Names in the History of the Race

Each of these cyclists has won the Tour de France five times , the most in the race's history.

• Jacques Anquetil was the first to achieve five victories, excelling in the 1950s and 60s with his time-trialing prowess.
• Eddy Merckx , known as "The Cannibal," dominated the late '60s and early '70s with his all-round abilities.
• Bernard Hinault , nicknamed "The Badger," was known for his tenacity and tactical acumen in the late 70s and 80s.
• Miguel Indurain secured five consecutive victories from 1991 to 1995, renowned for his strong time-trial performance.
• Lance Armstrong : Originally won seven titles from 1999 to 2005. However, these titles were stripped due to doping violations, a significant moment in the race's history that led to stricter anti-doping regulations.

Historic Moments in this Competition

• 1919 : Introduction of the yellow jersey (Maillot Jaune) to signify the overall leader. This became a symbol of excellence and the target for all competitors.
• 1975 : The first finish on the Champs-Élysées in Paris. This iconic finale has since become a celebrated tradition, providing a dramatic and picturesque end to the race.

How Teams Compete: Team Composition and Dynamics

Success in the Tour de France relies heavily on team dynamics and strategic collaboration. Each team consists of eight riders, each with specific roles that contribute to the team's overall performance. Understanding these roles and the competition structure is crucial for appreciating the complexity of the race.

Number of Teams that Compete

The Tour de France typically features 20-22 teams , each comprising eight riders . These teams are primarily UCI WorldTeams, with a few selected UCI ProTeams invited based on their performance in other races.

Team Dynamics and Roles of Individual Riders

• Lead Rider: The main contender for the general classification (GC). This rider aims to achieve the lowest cumulative time across all stages.
• Domestiques: Support the lead rider by setting the pace, providing draft, and protecting them from wind and rivals. They often sacrifice their own chances of stage wins to help the lead rider.
• Sprinters: Specialize in high-speed finishes, aiming to win flat stages and intermediate sprints.
• Climbers: Excel in mountain stages, helping the lead rider during climbs and sometimes competing for the polka dot jersey.
• Example: Nairo Quintana is known for his climbing skills, often supporting his team's lead rider in mountainous terrain.
• Time Trialists: Focus on individual time trials, helping to secure crucial seconds or minutes in the overall standings.

Points in the Tour de France are awarded based on stage finishes and intermediate sprints. The overall winner, who dons the yellow jersey, is determined by the lowest cumulative time.

How Points and Rankings Work

The Tour de France scoring points classification system rewards performance across various stages.

Points Calculation and Overall Winner

• Stage Wins:
• Winning a stage earns points and time bonuses, reducing overall time and crucial for the general classification (yellow jersey).
• Intermediate Sprints:
• These provide points essential for the green jersey (best sprinter). Points are accumulated throughout the stages.
• Points are awarded for reaching summits first, critical for the polka dot jersey (best climber).

Importance of Time and Stage Wins in Overall Ranking

The overall winner (yellow jersey) has the lowest cumulative time across all stages. Time bonuses from stage wins and sprints are crucial:

• Time Trials: Individual races against the clock significantly impact standings.
• Mountain Stages: Performances here often determine the general classification leader.
• Flat Stages: Essential for sprinters, providing time bonuses for GC contenders.

Fun Facts About the Tour de France Femmes

The Tour de France is not only a test of endurance and strategy but Italy also a race with a rich history full of fascinating stories and unusual occurrences. Here are some interesting and lesser-known facts about this legendary event.

• Longest Stage:
• The longest stage in Tour history was in 1920 , covering an incredible 482 kilometers . Riders had to endure grueling conditions, making it one of the toughest stages ever.
• Smallest Margin of Victory:
• In 1989 , Greg LeMond won the Tour by just 8 seconds over Laurent Fignon. This remains the closest finish in the race's history and highlights the importance of every second in the competition.
• Youngest Winner:
• Henri Cornet was only 19 years old when he won the Tour in 1904 . His victory is a testament to youthful endurance and determination.

Memorable Moments in this Competition

• Fans in Funny Costumes: Tour de France fans are known for their enthusiasm and creativity. It's not uncommon to see fans dressed in humorous costumes, chasing the peloton up mountain stages. This has become a beloved tradition that adds to the race's vibrant atmosphere.
• Helmet Evolution: In the early years of the Tour, riders didn’t wear helmets. This changed over time due to increasing safety concerns. Today, helmets are mandatory, showcasing the race’s evolution in prioritizing rider safety.
• Pedal Technology: Pedal technology has significantly evolved. Riders originally used flat pedals, then toe clip cages, and now clipless pedals, which enhance efficiency and power transfer. This progression reflects broader technological advancements in cycling equipment.

When to Watch: Timing and Schedule

The Tour de France is held annually, typically starting in late June or early July. The race spans three weeks, finishing in mid to late July. This timing allows for optimal weather conditions to ride across the diverse regions of France, ensuring the best possible conditions for both riders and spectators.

Duration and Specific Dates

• Duration: The race lasts for 23 days, including two rest days.
• Specific Dates for 2024: The 2024 Tour de France is scheduled to start on June 29 and end on July 21 . This period includes 21 stages, covering approximately 3,500 kilometers.

Whether you're following live broadcasts or attending in person, knowing the key dates ensures you don't miss any of the action.

Pro Tips for Fans

• Plan Ahead: Knowing the race schedule helps fans plan their viewing, whether they're attending in person or watching from home. Booking accommodations early for popular stages, like those in the Alps or Pyrenees, is advisable.
• Follow Live Data: Utilizing apps and websites that provide live data and analytics can enhance the viewing experience. These tools offer real-time updates on rider positions, stage progress, and more.

How Much Do Riders Earn? Prize Money

The Tour de France offers significant financial incentives for participants, with a total prize pool exceeding €2.3 million . This prize money is distributed among the overall winner, stage winners, jersey classifications, and team performances, providing multiple opportunities for riders and teams to earn rewards.

Breakdown of Prize Money

• Overall Winner: The overall winner of the Tour de France receives around €500,000 . The second place earns €200,000, and the third place earns €100,000. This substantial reward reflects the prestige and difficulty of securing the yellow jersey over three weeks of intense competition.
• Stage Winners: Each stage winner earns up to €11,000 per stage. With 21 stages in total, this provides numerous chances for riders to earn significant bonuses throughout the race.
• Jersey Winners:
• Green Jersey (Best Sprinter): The winner receives €25,000, with additional daily points for stage performances and intermediate sprints​.
• Polka Dot Jersey (Best Climber): The top climber earns €25,000, with points awarded for reaching mountain summits first.
• White Jersey (Best Young Rider): The best young rider under 26 receives €20,000​.

Financial Incentives for Participants

• Team Performances: Teams also benefit from financial incentives based on their overall performance. The top team receives €50,000, encouraging strategic collaboration and support roles within the team.
• Intermediate Sprints and Mountain Summits: Riders can earn additional money by winning intermediate sprints (€1,500 for first place) and reaching mountain summits first (€800 for the highest climb). These bonuses are crucial for those aiming to win the green or polka dot jerseys.

The Tour's Doping History and Its Impact

The Tour de France has been marred by numerous doping scandals, significantly impacting its reputation and the sport's integrity. The most notorious case involves Lance Armstrong, who was stripped of his seven titles following an extensive investigation that uncovered a sophisticated doping program.

Overview of Doping Issues in the Tour de France

Doping has been a persistent issue in professional cycling, with many riders seeking performance-enhancing drugs to gain a competitive edge. The history of doping in the Tour de France dates back decades, with various high-profile cases bringing attention to the problem:

• Early Years: Doping allegations and instances were reported as early as the 1920s and 30s, involving the use of substances like strychnine and amphetamines.
• 1980s and 90s: The problem escalated with the advent of more advanced drugs, such as EPO (erythropoietin), which significantly boosts endurance by increasing red blood cell count.
• Modern Era: Numerous riders, including top contenders, have been caught and penalized for doping offenses, leading to a series of scandals that have rocked the sport.

Specific Case of Lance Armstrong

• Lance Armstrong: Armstrong's case is the most infamous in cycling history. Initially celebrated for his comeback from cancer and seven consecutive Tour de France wins (1999-2005), his legacy was shattered after a USADA investigation revealed systematic doping.
• Investigation Findings: The investigation, supported by testimonies from former teammates and extensive evidence, showed that Armstrong used EPO, blood transfusions, and other banned substances to enhance his performance.
• Repercussions: Armstrong was stripped of all his titles and banned for life from professional cycling. His case highlighted the depth of the doping problem and led to significant changes in the sport's regulatory framework.

Impact on the Race

These doping scandals have had a profound impact on the Tour de France and the broader sport of cycling:

• Stricter Anti-Doping Measures: In response to repeated doping issues, the race organizers and governing bodies implemented more rigorous testing protocols. These include out-of-competition testing, biological passports, and enhanced detection methods for banned substances.
• Renewed Focus on Fair Competition: The focus has shifted towards ensuring a level playing field. Measures such as educational programs for young cyclists and zero-tolerance policies have been introduced to promote clean racing.
• Regulatory Changes: The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) and other bodies have increased penalties for doping violations, including longer bans and harsher fines, to deter athletes from using performance-enhancing drugs.

Wrapping Up: The Tour de France's Legacy and Future

The Tour de France is a true test of endurance, strategy, and teamwork, standing as the pinnacle of competitive cycling. Its rich history, iconic stages, and prestigious jerseys create a captivating spectacle that continues to inspire both seasoned fans and newcomers alike.

• Endurance and Strategy: The race’s grueling stages demand peak physical fitness and strategic brilliance. Riders must navigate a diverse array of terrains, from flat sprints to mountainous climbs, showcasing their versatility and resilience.
• Teamwork: Success in the Tour is not just about individual prowess but also about seamless teamwork. Each team member plays a vital role, from domestiques who support the lead rider to sprinters and climbers who excel in specific stages.
• Historical Impact: Since its inception in 1903, the Tour de France has become a symbol of cycling excellence. Iconic moments, such as the first finish on the Champs-Élysées in 1975, have cemented its place in sporting history.

Future of this Race and its Ongoing Legacy

• Technological Advancements: The sport continues to evolve with advancements in bike technology and training methods, making each Tour de France more competitive than the last. Innovations in aerodynamics, nutrition, and performance analytics are pushing the boundaries of what cyclists can achieve.
• Increased Global Reach: Starting the race in different countries and including stages across Europe enhances its global appeal, attracting a broader audience and fostering international interest in cycling.
• Commitment to Clean Sport: The Tour de France has made significant strides in combating doping, emphasizing fair competition. Stricter regulations and comprehensive testing have helped restore the sport’s credibility and integrity​

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Contact Bike Legal for a free consultation by calling 877-BIKE LEGAL (877 245-3534) or submitting a form on their website. Their commitment to cyclists’ safety and rights makes them a valuable ally on and off the road.

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Home > Events > Cycling > Tour de France > Trivia > Firsts

Tour de France Trivia - Firsts

Since the first event in 1903 (see history ), and the first winner Frenchman Maurice Garin (see winners list ), there have been many more Tour de France FIRSTS.

List of Firsts

• The FIRST time a rider was awarded the win but disqualified at a later date was in 1904 when the leader was found to have caught a train for part of the event.
• The FIRST Tour that left French territory was in 1906, when the race went into the German territory Alsace-Lorraine.
• The FIRST cyclist to have died during the Tour de France was in 1910 when French racer Adolphe Helière drowned at the French Riviera during a rest day.
• The FIRST appearance of the "broom wagon," was in 1910. It's the vehicle that follows the riders to pick up those who drop out, which became a permanent fixture in future Tours.
• The FIRST time the yellow jersey was awarded was in 1919 (previously a yellow armband was used). The FIRST rider to wear the yellow jersey was Eugène Christophe.
• The FIRST live radio broadcast of the race was in 1929.
• The FIRST time the mountains classification prize was awarded was in 1934. The FIRST time a jersey was awarded to the leader of the mountains classification was in 1975 when the organizers decided to award a white jersey with red dots to the leader.
• The FIRST time trial was held in 1934, between La Roche-sur-Yon and Nantes (80 km).
• The FIRST live TV broadcast was the finish at the Parc des Princes in Paris on 25 July 1948.
• The FIRST time a sprinters points classification was introduced was in the 1953 Tour de France, and was FIRST won by Fritz Schär.
• The FIRST time the Tour started outside France was in 1954: in Amsterdam, Netherlands
• The FIRST time a launch ramp, a sloping start pad for riders, was first used for the time trial was in 1965.
• The FIRST prologue was held in 1967.
• The FIRST time a young rider classification was added to the Tour de France in the 1975 edition, with Francesco Moser the FIRST winner.
• The FIRST time the race finish has been on the Champs-Élysées in Paris was in 1975
• The FIRST time a non-European cyclist was leader of the general classification was when Ausralian Phil Anderson wore the yellow jersey for one day.
• The FIRST winners of any Tour classifications from outside cycling's Continental Europe was in 1982 when classifications were won by Sean Kelly of Ireland (points) and Phil Anderson of Australia (young rider)
• The FIRST time a women's event was held was in 1984 (and continued until 2009)
• The FIRST non-European winner was Greg LeMond of the USA in 1986.
• The FIRST time the Tour de France was won without winning any individual stages was by Greg LeMond in 1990.
• The FIRST rider to win five times in consecutive years was Miguel Induráin of Spain, his first of the five wins was in 1991.
• The FIRST African-based trade team to compete in the tour was MTN-Qhubeka in 2015 (though an Algerian-Moroccan squad rode in the 1950 Tour de France when only national and regional teams were allowed to enter)

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Everything You Need to Know About The Tour de France

The Tour de France in numbers

Benoit Landon

After studying journalism in France, Benoit began his career in Paris where he lived and worked for over a decade. In 2018, he crossed the Atlantic for a research project on a typewriter he bought at a flea market. He ended up in Hartford, Connecticut, where he met his wife by accident. Many administrative forms later, he settled in Greater Boston. As an avid reader, Benoit is delighted to be surrounded by books and to stay in touch with the French culture he loves. Come say hello at the circulation desk!

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Scheffler and DeChambeau Part of PGA Tour-LIV Golf Match in Las Vegas, Report Says

Golfweek reports there will be a made-for-TV match involving top players from the PGA Tour and LIV Golf

George Walker IV

FILE - Scottie Scheffler speaks after winning the Masters golf tournament at Augusta National Golf Club Sunday, April 14, 2024, in Augusta, Ga. (AP Photo/George Walker IV)

Scottie Scheffler and Rory McIlroy will take on LIV Golf stars Bryson DeChambeau and Brooks Koepka in a made-for-TV match in Las Vegas, Golfweek reported Wednesday, the first time outside the majors top players from each circuit will compete against each other.

Blake Smith of Hambric Sports, who manages Scheffler and Koepka for Hambric Sports, confirmed their appearance and said both were “excited to be part of this unique event.”

Among details still to be announced were when in December the match would be held and on which course.

The foursome combined for 13 majors over the last decade. More compelling is that the match brings together players from the PGA Tour and Saudi-backed LIV Golf, which happens only at the four majors and the Olympics.

The PGA Tour is still negotiating with the Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia — the financial provider of LIV — as a minority investor. There is no indication a deal is close, and it would remain subject to U.S. Department of Justice review. The PGA Tour confirmed last week that anyone competing with LIV is not eligible for a tour event for one year after his last appearance.

Golfweek said the match would be televised by TNT, which previously broadcast nine editions of “The Match.” That was a series of matches that began with Tiger Woods against Phil Mickelson.

McIlroy said in a text to Golfweek the match was “designed to energize the fans.”

“We’re all here to put on a great show and contribute to a goodwill event that brings the best together again,” McIlroy said.

Once the strongest critic of LIV, McIlroy has been lobbying to bring both sides together. He is on a committee negotiating with PIF.

“I get the argument that these guys left and that was their choice and whatever,” McIlroy said, referring to DeChambeau, Koepka and others defecting to take guaranteed riches from a Saudi-backed rival league. “I just think that it’s gone on long enough. I think everyone is trying to find a solution. It’s just a solution is hard to get to.”

Golfweek cited two sources saying players will receive an appearance fee but not prize money.

AP golf: https://apnews.com/hub/golf

Copyright 2024 The  Associated Press . All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

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