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Latest Information and Guidance For Travel To India

Updated: Jan 7, 2022, 8:32pm

The Indian government issued the latest advisory guidance for international travel to India that mandates all travellers to undergo home quarantine for seven days and undertake an RT-PCR test on the 8th day of arrival in India.

Travellers are mandated to upload the results of a repeat RT-PCR test for Covid-19 done on the 8th day on the Air Suvidha portal. If found negative, they will need to further self-monitor their health for the next seven days. Those who test positive would be managed at an isolation facility and treated as per laid down standard protocol including contact tracing.

If those travellers who are under home quarantine or self-health monitoring develop Covid-19 symptoms or test positive for Covid-19 on re-testing, they will need to immediately self-isolate and report to their nearest health facility or call the country’s national helpline number (1075) or their state helpline number.

It has been made mandatory for all travellers to submit complete and factual information in self-declaration form on the online Air Suvidha portal before their scheduled travel, including last 14 days travel and upload a negative Covid-19 RT-PCR report for a test conducted within 72 hours prior to undertaking the journey.

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare states airlines will allow boarding by only those passengers who have filled in all the information in the self-declaration form on the Air Suvidha portal and uploaded the negative RT-PCR test report.

At the time of boarding the flight, only asymptomatic travellers will be allowed to board after thermal screening. All passengers are expected to download the Indian-government’s contact tracing app Aarogya Setu app on their mobile devices.

On arrival, thermal screening would be carried out and those passengers found to be symptomatic during screening would be immediately isolated and taken to a medical facility. If tested positive, their contacts shall be identified and managed as per laid down protocol.

Travellers from specified countries-at-risk will need to submit a sample for post-arrival self-paid Covid-19 test at arrival and will need to wait for their test results at the arrival airport before leaving or taking a connecting flight. If tested negative they will follow the seven-day home quarantine mandate and take an RT-PCR test on the 8th day of arrival in India. As of December 9, 2021, the countries at-risk include countries in Europe including the UK, South Africa, Brazil, Botswana, Ghana, China, Mauritius, Tanzania, New Zealand, Zimbabwe, Hong Kong and Israel.

International travellers arriving at seaports or land ports will also have to undergo the same protocol except that they will submit a self-declaration form to the concerned authorities of Government of India at seaports/land ports on arrival as an online registration is not available for such passengers currently.

Children under age 5 are exempted from both pre- and post-arrival testing. However, if found symptomatic for COVID-19 on arrival or during home quarantine period, they will undergo testing and treatment.

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in its latest guidelines clarified the new guidelines supersede all guidelines issued on the subject on and after November 30, 2021.

Here are the guidelines on travelling to India from key travel destinations including the U.S., UK, Canada, Singapore and Dubai.

Travel From the U.S. To India

Pre-boarding.

Advising increased caution when traveling to India, the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued a Level 1 travel health notice and the Department of State has issued a Level 2 travel advisory, which encourages U.S. citizens to exercise increased caution throughout the country due to possible risks to their safety and security.

U.S. citizens are advised to:

• Be fully vaccinated before travel
• To get flu shots to better protect themselves from a major flu outbreak
• Obey measures introduced by India to mitigate Covid-19 outbreaks.

Travel to India for tourism and other short-term purposes resumed fully on November 15 for individuals holding tourist or e-tourist visas issued on or after October 6, 2021. The U.S. government states tourist visas issued before October 2021 will not be honored and travellers attempting to enter India using one of these visas are likely to be detained and returned to their point of origin.

Additional categories of travellers including certain business travellers, as well as individuals moving to India as residents, are permitted.

All international travellers arriving in India, regardless of vaccination status, must upload a self-declaration with a negative RT-PCR report to the Air Suvidha portal taken within 72 hours prior to departure for India.

All travellers will undergo thermal screening upon arrival in India.

Symptomatic travellers will be isolated and re-tested. Travellers opting to use the rapid test will be charged INR 3,500 and can expect to wait up to 1.5 hours after landing to depart the airport. Travellers opting to use a PCR test will be charged 500 INR and can expect to wait up to 5 hours after landing to depart the airport.

Travellers with negative tests will be required to home-quarantine for seven days, retest on the eighth day, and continue to self-monitor for an additional seven days. Travellers who test positive will be held in stringent isolation.

Travel Within India

Commercial flights are operating within India. A reduced number of international flight options are available and airlines may have strict policies regarding who can book or board these flights based on Indian government restrictions.

Individuals in public spaces without a mask could be fined as high as INR 2,000 for non-compliance. The amount differs from one state to another.

Travel From UK To India

All regularly scheduled international flights remain suspended. However, under a bilateral agreement between the UK and Indian governments, a limited number of flights between India and the UK continue to operate.

All travellers have to follow the general mandate determined by the Indian government. It includes a self-declaration form on the online Air Suvidha portal before the scheduled travel, uploading a negative Covid-19 RT-PCR report of a test conducted within 72 hours prior to undertaking the journey, a declaration with respect to the authenticity of the report.

You will not be able to travel if you’re showing coronavirus symptoms (you will need to self-isolate and travel later). Passengers need to comply with any additional healthcare screening measures put in place by the authorities prior to your departure.

Since the UK is on the Indian government’s “at-risk countries” list, travellers are required to pre-book their RT-PCR test and also required to wait for their test results at the arrival airport before leaving or taking a connecting flight. If the Covid-19 test is negative, travellers will be required to home quarantine for seven days. A further Covid-19 test is required on the 8th day of arrival in India. If the 8th day test is negative, travellers should self-monitor their health for the next seven days.

Any travellers testing positive for Covid-19 will have to undergo treatment and further monitoring at a separate isolation facility for a period of 10 days.

Entry requirements may vary in different states for international and domestic air travel, and may include restricting entry for foreign nationals or mandating quarantine for international travellers. Entry requirements can change at very short notice. You should check with your airline before travelling.

All land borders with Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar and Nepal in East and North East India are closed for movement of people, except for returning Indian nationals.

Passengers may need to provide contact details and be asked to download the  Arogya Setu  app.

Travel From Canada to India

The Indian government has now made the RT-PCR test taken up to 72 hours prior to the departure time compulsory, updated from its earlier mandate for travellers arriving from Canada that did not require a test report instead travellers had to undergo a mandatory 14 days of quarantine upon arrival.

Both Vande Bharat Mission flights to Delhi and air transport bubble arrangements are available for passengers to travel to India.

All travellers have to submit a self-reporting form on the online Air Suvidha portal preferably 72 hours before the scheduled travel.

Passengers with covid negative certificate can travel in public transport including domestic flights to reach their final destinations.

Earlier only pregnant women, those who have suffered a death in the family, those who are suffering from serious illness, parents accompanied by children below 10 years and those with negative RT-PCR certificate were exempt from quarantine. This has now changed with the Indian government mandating a negative RT-PCR report, which makes 14-day quarantine null and void.

Travel From Singapore to India

As on December 11, India removed Singapore from the “countries at-risk” list and vaccinated passengers from Singapore are being allowed to travel to India.

India requires all international arrivals from Singapore to submit an online self-declaration form via Air Suvidha portal and have proof of a negative COVID-19 RT-PCR test conducted within 72 hours prior to departure for India.

Travellers who have taken a Covid-19 RT-PCR in Singapore for overseas travel will receive a digital test result certificate from Singapore. Travellers have to digitally authenticate their test results with the help of the clinic and/or via Singaporean government website Notarise. All successfully authenticated digital result certificates are then converted into a QR code, which can be used during boarding and immigration clearance overseas.

Travellers who have generated offline QR codes before December 10 and are experiencing vaccination expiry date issues during verification are recommended to regenerate their QR codes on Notarise.

All passengers arriving from Singapore have to undergo a self-paid Covid-19 RT-PCR test at the airport and be tested negative before they can leave the airport.

The Singapore government has recommended its citizens to familiarize themselves with India’s Covid-19 restrictions including immigration procedures and entry requirements.

The government advises travellers to:

• Purchase comprehensive travel insurance and be familiar with the terms and coverage.
• Equip themselves with research about their destination’s entry requirements, current situation, local laws and customs.
• eRegister on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Singapore’s website to be able to reach out in case of an emergency.

Travel From Dubai To India

International passengers from Dubai have to take a Covid-19 RT-PCR test before taking off. They need to submit documents including:

• A self‑declaration form on the Air Suvidha section on the arrival state’s airport website before the scheduled departure.
• Passengers are expected to carry a printed color copy of the self-declaration form at the time of departure.
• All passengers must upload their vaccination certificate on the  Air Suvidha  section and carry a printed copy of their certificate.
• Those travelling to India are expected to download the Indian government’s contact tracing app, Aarogya setu app, on their mobiles.

Upon arrival, all passengers need to follow the below mentioned instructions except those landing in Mumbai:

• Take a covid test at their own cost at the airport and wait for the results before departing. Children below 5 are exempted from on arrival testing. Passengers who test negative are expected to home quarantine for seven days and take another test on the 8th day after arrival.
• Passengers who test positive will be managed by the respective state government’s protocols.
• For passengers arriving in Kerala, on‑arrival molecular tests will be free of cost.

On‑arrival at Mumbai, passengers need to follow the below mentioned instructions:

• All passengers who are residents of Mumbai are mandated to undergo a seven-day home quarantine and take an RT‑PCR test on the 7th day. No RT-PCR test is needed on arrival.
• If tested positive, passengers will be shifted to an institutional quarantine facility as per current guidelines for international travellers.
• During institutional quarantine, the RT PCR test will be done on Day 2, Day 4 and Day 7 at the passenger’s expense.

Rest of the World To India

All the countries that have a transport bubble arrangement with India allow travellers to visit India. Besides U.S., UK, Canada and Singapore, the countries that have air bubble pacts with India include Afghanistan, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Iraq, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kuwait, Mauritius, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Tanzania, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan.

Aashika is the India Editor for Forbes Advisor. Her 15-year business and finance journalism stint has led her to report, write, edit and lead teams covering public investing, private investing and personal investing both in India and overseas. She has previously worked at CNBC-TV18, Thomson Reuters, The Economic Times and Entrepreneur.

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Travel Advisory July 23, 2024

India - level 2: exercise increased caution.

Updated to reflect information on the northeastern states.

Exercise increased caution in India due to crime and terrorism.  Some areas have increased risk. 

Do not travel to:

• The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (except the eastern Ladakh region and its capital, Leh) due to terrorism and civil unrest .
• Within 10 km of the India-Pakistan border due to the potential for armed conflict .
• Portions of Central and East India due to terrorism.
• Manipur due to violence and crime .

Reconsider travel to:

• The northeastern states due to terrorism and violence .

Country Summary:  Indian authorities report that rape is one of the fastest growing crimes in India. Violent crime, such as sexual assault, has happened at tourist sites and other locations.

Terrorists may attack with little or no warning. They target tourist locations, transportation hubs, markets/shopping malls, and government facilities.

The U.S. government has limited ability to provide emergency services to U.S. citizens in rural areas. These areas stretch from eastern Maharashtra and northern Telangana through western West Bengal. U.S. government employees must get special authorization to travel to these areas.

Read the country information page for additional information on travel to India.

Visit the CDC page for the latest Travel Health Information related to your travel.

If you decide to travel to India:

• Do not travel alone, particularly if you are a woman. Visit our website for Women Travelers .
• Review your personal security plans and remain alert to your surroundings.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program ( STEP ) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Follow the Department of State on Facebook and Twitter .
• Review the  Country Security Report for India.
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the Traveler’s Checklist .

Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir – Level 4: Do Not Travel

Terrorist attacks and violent civil unrest are possible in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Do not travel to this state (with the exception of visits to the eastern Ladakh region and its capital, Leh). Violence happens sporadically in this area and is common along the Line of Control (LOC) between India and Pakistan. It also occurs in tourist spots in the Kashmir Valley: Srinagar, Gulmarg, and Pahalgam.  The Indian government does not allow foreign tourists to visit certain areas along the LOC.

Visit our website for Travel to High-Risk Areas .

India-Pakistan Border – Level 4: Do Not Travel

India and Pakistan have a strong military presence on both sides of the border. The only official border crossing for non-citizens of India or Pakistan is in Punjab. It is between Attari, India, and Wagah, Pakistan.  The border crossing is usually open, but check its current status before you travel. To enter Pakistan, you need a Pakistani visa. Only U.S. citizens residing in India may apply for a Pakistani visa in India. Otherwise , apply for a Pakistani visa in your home country before traveling to India

Portions of Central and East India – Level 4: Do Not Travel

Maoist extremist groups, or “Naxalites,” are active in a large area of India that spans from eastern Maharashtra and northern Telangana through western West Bengal. Attacks against officers of the Indian government continue to occur sporadically in the rural parts of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand that border with Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Odisha. Southwest areas of Odisha are also affected. The Naxalites have carried out many terrorist attacks, targeting local police, paramilitary forces, and government officials.

Due to the fluid nature of the threat, U.S. government employees are required to obtain permission prior to traveling to most areas in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Meghalaya, and Odisha. Permission is not required if employees are traveling only to the capital cities of these states.

U.S. government employees also need approval to travel to the eastern region of Maharashtra and the eastern region of Madhya Pradesh

Visit our website for  Travel to High-Risk Areas .

Manipur -  Level 4: Do Not Travel

Do not travel to Manipur due to the threat of violence and crime.  Ongoing ethnic-based civil conflict has resulted in reports of extensive violence and community displacement. Attacks against Indian government targets occur on a regular basis.  U.S. government employees traveling in India require prior approval before visiting Manipur. 

Visit our website for  Travel to High-Risk Areas .  

Northeastern States – Level 3: Reconsider Travel

Ethnic insurgent groups occasionally commit acts of violence in parts of the northeast. These incidents include bombings of buses, trains, rail lines, and markets. There have been no recent reports of violence in Assam, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Sikkim, or Tripura.

U.S. government employees traveling in India require prior approval before visiting the states of Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh, as well as when visiting any areas outside of the capital cities of Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Tripura. 

Embassy Messages

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Quick Facts

Must be valid for six months beyond date of visa application to obtain a visa.

Two pages required.

Yes. Travelers must enter with a visa in their passport. The visa is valid for 10 years for U.S. citizens. Or they can use an e-tourist visa, which varies in validity. Note that the Indian authorities issue visas with dates in the DD/MM/YY format.

Travelers arriving from an infected area must have a yellow fever vaccination. Others are suggested.

You must declare currency over USD $5,000 at entry. Please check with the Indian Embassy in Washington, D.C. if you are planning to carry a large amount of currency or gold into India.

Check local law for rules on reporting large amounts of foreign currency and Indian rupees when leaving.

Embassies and Consulates

U.s. embassy new delhi.

Shantipath, Chanakyapuri New Delhi - 110021 India Telephone: +(91) (11) 2419-8000 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(91) (11) 2419-8000 Fax: +(91) (11) 2419-0017 [email protected]

The U.S. Embassy, New Delhi serves U.S. citizens in the Indian states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh, the union territories of Chandigarh, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh, and the country of Bhutan.

U.S. Consulate General Mumbai C-49, G-Block, Bandra Kurla Complex Bandra East, Mumbai 400051 India Telephone: +(91) (22) 2672-4000   Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(91) (22) 2672-4000   If you are calling from within India, but outside Mumbai, first dial 022.   Fax: 91-(0)22-2672-4786   [email protected]

The Consulate General in Mumbai provides consular services for the states of Goa, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra, and the union territory of Diu and Daman, and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

U.S. Consulate General Kolkata 5/1 Ho Chi Minh Sarani Kolkata - 700 071, West Bengal, India Telephone: +(91) (33) 3984-2400 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(91) (33) 3984-2400 then dial "0" Fax: +(91) (33) 2282-2335 [email protected]

The United States Consulate General in Kolkata provides consular services for the states of Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Tripura, and Assam. .

U.S. Consulate General Chennai 220 Anna Salai at Gemini Circle Chennai, India 600006 Telephone: +(91) (44) 2857-4000 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: (0) 44-2857-4000. Ask for American Citizen Services. (Within India, but outside Chennai, first dial 044. From the United States, first dial 011-(91) (44)) Fax: +(91) (044) 2811-2020 [email protected]

The Consulate General in Chennai provides consular services for the states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, and the Union Territories of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Pondicherry, and the Lakshwadeep Islands. 

U.S. Consulate General Hyderabad Survey No. 115/1, Financial District, Nanakramguda Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032 Telephone:+(91) (40) 6932 8000 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: 4033-8300 and ask for American Citizen Services. (If calling from within India, but outside Hyderabad, first dial 040. From the United States, first dial 011-(91) (40))   Fax: 4033-8306  [email protected]

The Consulate General in Hyderabad provides services to U.S. citizens in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Odisha. 

Destination Description

See the Department of State’s Fact Sheet on India for information on U.S.-India relations.

Entry, Exit and Visa Requirements

All U.S. citizens need a valid passport as well as a valid Indian visa or an Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) card to enter and exit India for any purpose. India may deny entry to travelers without valid documents or the correct type of visa. Indian visa rules and instructions change often. They often do so with little warning. Travelers should check the  website of the Indian Embassy in Washington D.C. before any travel to India to review the most current information. The U.S. Embassy and Consulates General in India cannot assist you if you arrive without proper documentation.

U.S. citizens seeking to enter India solely for tourist purposes for stays of less than 60 days may apply for an eVisa at least four days before their arrival. Please visit the  Indian government's website for electronic travel authorization for more information and to submit an application visit the Bureau of Immigration’s website.

U.S. citizens seeking to enter India as a tourist for longer than 60 days or for any other purpose must apply for a visa from an Indian embassy or consulate. The Government of India has appointed VFS Global to assist with visa services for individuals in the United States. Applicants may apply for Indian visas through the application link . Please exercise caution and check the correct website and as there are many fake webpages that will gather your personal information.

You can submit Diplomatic and Official visa applications directly to the Indian Embassy and Consulates. All U.S. government employees traveling on official orders, including military personnel, must get country clearance for travel to India. Once you have received your visa, check it carefully to ensure that the type of visa, validity dates, and number of entries is appropriate for your travel plans.

Keep copies of your U.S. passport data page, as well as the pages containing the Indian visa and Indian immigration stamps, with you at all times. Consider saving these documents to your mobile phone in case of emergency. If your passport is lost or stolen, copies will help you apply for a replacement passport and an exit permit from the Indian government. Replacing a lost visa, which is required to exit the country, may take several business days.  

U.S. citizens of Pakistani origin or descent are subject to administrative processing and should expect additional delays when applying for Indian visas.

Foreign citizens who visit India to  study, do research, work, or act as missionaries, as well as all travelers and residents planning to stay more than 180 days, are required to register their visit or residency within 14 days of arrival with the Foreigners Regional Registration Office (FRRO)  closest to where they will be staying, in addition  to having the appropriate visa  when they enter India. Similarly, if you are traveling to India to give birth, you must register your newborn’s birth within 14 days with the FRRO office. Failure to do so will result in fines, fees, and penalties. The FRRO has offices in New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Bengaluru (Bangalore), Lucknow, Calicut, Goa, Cochin, Trivandrum, and Amritsar. District Superintendents of Police serve as Foreigners Registration Officers (FROs) in all other places. We recommend all U.S. citizens review the entry requirements described on the  Frequently Asked Question (FAQ)  section on the Indian Bureau of Immigration website.

If you overstay your Indian visa or break Indian visa rules, you may need clearance from the Ministry of Home Affairs to leave. In general, authorities will fine you and, in some cases, may even jail you for months. Visa violators seeking an exit permit must visit  the Foreigners Regional Registration Office portal  to submit the application and pay any levied fines. Processing an exit permit can take up to 90 days in these cases. Decisions will be made case by case.  

Possession of a satellite phone is strictly prohibited in India and may lead to detention or arrest.

For the most current information on entry and exit requirements, please contact the  Embassy of India’s Consular wing  at 2536 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008, telephone (202) 939-9806 or the Indian Consulates in  Atlanta ,  Chicago ,  Houston ,  New York , or  San Francisco . Outside the United States, you should inquire at the nearest Indian embassy or consulate.

General information regarding Indian visa and immigration rules, including the addresses and telephone numbers for the FRRO offices, can be found at the  Indian Ministry of Home Affairs Bureau of Immigration website.

HIV/AIDS RESTRICTIONS:  There are no disclosure requirements or restrictions for HIV/AIDS patients who enter India on a tourist visa. Disclosure regarding HIV/AIDS is required of anyone seeking a resident permit in India. Foreign residents found to be suffering from HIV/AIDS will be deported. Please verify this information with the  Embassy of India  before you travel.

Find information on  dual nationality ,  prevention of international child abduction  and  customs regulations  on our websites.

Safety and Security

U.S. citizens should always practice good personal security and situational awareness. Be aware of your surroundings. This includes local customs and etiquette. Keep a low profile. Monitor local news reports, vary routes and times in carrying out daily activities, and consider the level of security present when visiting public places, including religious sites, and when choosing hotels, restaurants, and entertainment and recreation venues.

India intermittently experiences terrorist and insurgent activities which may affect U.S. citizens directly or indirectly. Some U.S.-designated terrorist groups are active in India, including Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e Tayyiba. The U.S. government occasionally receives information regarding possible terrorist attacks that could take place in India, monitors such information to determine credibility, and advises U.S. citizens accordingly. Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive messages from the Embassy automatically.  

Past attacks have targeted public places, including some frequented by Westerners, such as luxury and other hotels, trains, train stations, markets, cinemas, mosques, and restaurants in large urban areas. Attacks have taken place during the busy evening hours in markets and other crowded places but could occur at any time. Alerts are usually more frequent around major holidays. The Maoists (also known as “Naxalites”) are the most active insurgent group in India. The Naxalites typically attack Indian government officials, but have also derailed trains, targeted other government buildings such as police stations, and conducted other criminal activity. 

Demonstrations and general strikes, or “bandh,” often cause major inconvenience and unrest. These strikes can result in the stoppage of all transportation and tourist-related services, at times for 24 hours or more. U.S. citizens caught in such a strike may find they are unable to make flight and rail connections, as local transportation can be severely limited. Local media generally give an idea of the length and geographical location of the strike. You are urged to obey any imposed curfews and travel restrictions and avoid demonstrations and rallies as they have the potential for violence, especially immediately preceding and following political rallies, elections, and religious festivals (particularly when Hindu and Muslim festivals coincide). Tensions between castes and religious groups can also result in disruptions and violence. 

There are active "anti-conversion" laws in some Indian states, and acts of conversion sometimes elicit violent reactions from Hindu extremists. Foreigners suspected of proselytizing Hindus have been attacked and killed in conservative, rural areas in India in years past. In some cases, demonstrators specifically block roads near popular tourist sites and disrupt train operations in order to gain the attention of Indian authorities; occasionally vehicles transporting tourists are attacked in these incidents. You should monitor local television, print and social media, and Mission India’s American Citizens Services  Facebook page

Swimming:  You should exercise caution if you intend to swim in open waters along the Indian coastline, particularly during the monsoon season. Every year, people in Goa, Mumbai, Puri (Odisha), off the Eastern Coast in the Bay of Bengal, and other areas drown due to strong undertows. It is important to heed warnings posted at beaches and to avoid swimming in the ocean during the monsoon season. Several years ago, there were reports of fatal crocodile attacks in the Andaman Islands. Trained lifeguards are very rare along beaches.

Wildlife Safaris:  Many tour operators and lodges advertise structured, safe excursions into parks and other wildlife viewing areas for close observation of flora and fauna. However, safety standards and training vary, and it is advisable to ascertain whether operators are trained and licensed. Even animals marketed as “tame” should be respected as wild and extremely dangerous. Keep a safe distance from animals at all times, remaining in vehicles or other protected enclosures when venturing into game parks or safaris.

Trekking:  Trekking expeditions should be limited to routes identified for this purpose by local authorities. Use only registered trekking agencies, porters, and guides, suspend trekking after dark, camp at designated camping places, and travel in groups rather than individually. Altitudes in popular trekking spots can exceed 25,000 feet (7,620 m); please ensure you are fit to trek at these altitudes and carry sufficient medical insurance that includes medical evacuation coverage.

Train Travel:  India has the third largest rail network in the world, and train travel in India is generally safe. Nevertheless, accidents and on-board fires are sometimes caused by aging infrastructure, poorly maintained equipment, overcrowding, and operator errors. Train accidents and fires have resulted in death and serious injury of passengers.

Areas of Instability: Jammu & Kashmir:  The Department of State recommends that you do not travel to the union territory of Jammu & Kashmir because of the potential for terrorist incidents as well as violent public unrest. A number of terrorist groups operate in the territory targeting security forces, particularly along the Line of Control (LOC) separating Indian and Pakistani-controlled Kashmir, and those stationed in primary tourist destinations in the Kashmir Valley: Srinagar, Gulmarg, and Pahalgam. Foreigners are particularly visible, vulnerable, and at risk. In the past, serious communal violence left the territory mostly paralyzed due to massive strikes and business shutdowns, and U.S. citizens have had to be evacuated by local police. The Indian government prohibits foreign tourists from visiting certain areas along the LOC (see the section on Restricted Areas, below) and may require a travel permit to enter this area.

India-Pakistan Border:  The Department of State recommends that you do not travel to areas within ten kilometers of the border between India and Pakistan. Both India and Pakistan maintain a strong military presence on both sides of the border. The only official India-Pakistan border crossing point for persons who are not citizens of India or Pakistan is in the state of Punjab between Atari, India, and Wagah, Pakistan. The border crossing is usually open, but you are advised to confirm the current status of the border crossing prior to commencing travel. A Pakistani visa is required to enter Pakistan. Only U.S. citizens residing in India may apply for a Pakistani visa in India. Otherwise, you should apply for a Pakistani visa in your country of residence before traveling to India.

Both India and Pakistan claim an area of the Karakoram Mountain range that includes the Siachen glacier. Travel or mountain climbing in this area is highly dangerous. The disputed area includes the following peaks: Rimo Peak; Apsarasas I, II, and III; Tegam Kangri I, II and III; Suingri Kangri; Ghiant I and II; Indira Col; and Sia Kangri. Check with the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi for information on current conditions.

Northeastern States:  Incidents of violence by ethnic insurgent groups, including bombings of buses, trains, rail lines, and markets, occur sporadically in the northeast. While U.S. citizens have not been specifically targeted, it is possible that you could be affected as a bystander. If you travel to the northeast, you should avoid travel by train at night, travel outside major cities at night, and crowds. U.S. government employees at the U.S. Embassy and Consulates in India are prohibited from traveling to certain areas in the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Manipur without permission from the U.S. Consulate General in Kolkata. Restricted Area Permits are required for foreigners to visit certain Northeastern states (see the section on Restricted Areas, below.) Contact the U.S. Consulate General in Kolkata for information on current conditions.

East Central and Southern India:  Maoist extremist groups, or “Naxalites,” are active in East Central India, primarily in rural areas. The Naxalites have a long history of conflict with state and national authorities, including frequent terrorist attacks on local police, paramilitary forces, and government officials, and are responsible for more attacks in the country than any other organization through an ongoing campaign of violence and intimidation. Naxalites have not specifically targeted U.S. citizens but have attacked symbolic targets that have included Western companies and rail lines. While Naxalite violence does not normally occur in places frequented by foreigners, there is a risk that visitors could become victims of violence.

Naxalites are active in a large swath of India from eastern Maharashtra and northern Telangana through western West Bengal, particularly in rural parts of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand and on the borders of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Odisha. Due to the fluid nature of the threat, all U.S. government travelers to states with Naxalite activity must receive authorization from the U.S. Consulate responsible for the area to be visited, unless they are only visiting capital cities.

Restricted/Protected areas:  Certain states or portions of states require Restricted Area Permits. These include:

• The state of Arunachal Pradesh
• Portions of the state of Sikkim
• Portions of the state of Himachal Pradesh near the Chinese border
• Portions of the state of Uttarakhand (Uttaranchal) near the Chinese border
• Portions of the state of Rajasthan near the Pakistani border
• Portions of the union territory of Jammu & Kashmir near the Line of Control with Pakistan and certain portions of the union territory of Ladakh
• The union territory of Andaman & Nicobar Islands
• The union territory of the Laccadives Islands (Lakshadweep)
• Portions of the state of Manipur
• Portions of the state of Mizoram
• Portions of the state of Nagaland

More information about travel to/in restricted/protected areas can be found from India’s  Bureau of Immigration .

Restricted Area Permits are available outside India at Indian embassies and consulates abroad, or in India from the Ministry of Home Affairs (Foreigners Division) at Jaisalmer House, 26 Man Singh Road, New Delhi. The states of Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim maintain official guesthouses in New Delhi, which can also issue Restricted Area Permits for their respective states for certain travelers. While visiting Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram) in Tamil Nadu, you should be aware that the Indira Gandhi Atomic Research Center in Kalpakkam is located just south of the site and is not clearly marked as a restricted and dangerous area.

For the latest security information, travelers should enroll in  STEP  to receive updated security information and regularly monitor travel information available from the  U.S. Embassy in New Delhi  as well as the U.S. Consulates General in  Mumbai  ,  Chennai ,  Hyderabad , and  Kolkata .

Crime:  Violent crime, especially directed against foreigners, has traditionally been uncommon. Petty crime, especially theft of personal property (including U.S. passports), is common, particularly on trains or buses, at airports, and in major tourist areas. Pickpockets can be very skilled and travelers have reported having their bags snatched, purse-straps cut, or the bottom of their purses slit without their knowledge. If traveling by train, lock your sleeping compartments and take your valuables with you when leaving your berth. If you travel by air, be careful with your bags in the arrival and departure areas outside airports. Be cautious about displaying cash or expensive items to reduce the chance of being a target for robbery or other crime, and be aware of your surroundings when you use ATMs. Scammers have used ATM card scams to clone credit card details and withdraw money.

Individuals have reported cases of sexual assault, including rape, against U.S. citizens traveling throughout India.

The U.S. government cautions citizens, especially women, not to travel alone in India. Please observe stringent security precautions. When traveling without known and trustworthy companions, use public transport specifically designated for “women-only” travelers, which is a free service offered by the Indian government in many metropolitan cities including Delhi and Hyderabad. Please restrict evening entertainment to well-known venues and avoid isolated areas when traveling alone at any time of the day. Keep your hotel room number confidential and make sure hotel room doors have chains, deadlocks, and peep holes. Travel with groups of friends rather than alone. In addition, only hire reliable cars and drivers and avoid traveling alone in hired taxis, especially at night. Use taxis from hotels and pre-paid taxis at airports rather than hailing them on the street. If you encounter threatening situations, call “100” for police assistance (“112” from mobile phones). If you use app-based services like “Uber” or “Ola” share your ride information with a friend.

Travelers in India are advised to respect local dress and customs. Indian women typically wear conservative everyday dress. This is the norm throughout the country, and even more so in rural areas. They wear clothing that covers their legs and shoulders. Exceptions are vacation resorts catering to foreign clientele and some neighborhoods of major cities like New Delhi and Mumbai. Western women, especially those of African descent, continue to report incidents of verbal and physical harassment by individuals and groups of men. Known locally as “Eve-teasing,” these incidents of sexual harassment can be quite frightening and quickly cross the line from verbal to physical. Sexual harassment can occur anytime or anywhere, but most frequently has happened in crowded areas such as in marketplaces, train stations, buses, and public streets. The harassment can range from sexually suggestive or lewd comments to catcalls to outright groping.

The Government of India has focused more on addressing gender-based violence. One outcome has been more reports of sexual assault nationwide. Indian authorities report rape is one of India's fastest growing crimes.

If you find yourself in a life-threatening situation, you should call the police immediately and follow up with a call to the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate. We can sometimes connect you with an Indian non-governmental organization that may be able to provide assistance.  

Please review our travel tips for  Women Travelers .

If you are victimized overseas, you may be entitled to receive compensation for counseling and/or other services such as relocation back to the United States. For further information, visit the U.S. Department of Justice page for violence against women.

Scams are common at major airports, train stations, popular restaurants, and tourist sites. Scam artists prey on visitors by creating distractions. Be careful of taxi drivers and others. This includes train porters. They solicit travelers with "come-on" offers of cheap transportation and/or hotels. Travelers who accept such offers are often the victims of scams. These include offers to help with "necessary" transfers to the domestic airport, overpriced hotel rooms, unwanted "tours," unwelcome "purchases," long cab rides, and even threats when the tourists decline to pay. Tourists have reported being lured and extorted for money in the face of threats of violence against the traveler and his/her family members. Be careful when hiring transportation and guides. Use only well-known travel agents to book trips.

Some vendors sell carpets, jewelry, and gemstones. These items may be expensive and not of the promised quality. Deal only with reputable businesses and do not hand over your credit cards or money unless you are certain that goods being shipped are the goods you purchased. If a deal sounds too good to be true, it is best avoided. Most Indian states have official tourism bureaus set up to handle complaints. Do not agree to transport any goods on behalf of strangers in exchange for money.

India-based criminals use the internet to extort money from victims abroad. In a common scam, the victim develops a close romantic relationship with an alleged U.S. citizen they meet online. When the “friend” travels to India, a series of accidents occur and the victim begins to receive requests for financial assistance, sometimes through an intermediary. In fact, the U.S. citizen “friend” does not exist; they are only online personas used by criminal networks. Victims have been defrauded of thousands of dollars in these schemes. Do not send money to anyone you have not met in person and carefully read the Department of State’s advice on   international financial scams . 

In another common scam, family members in the United States, especially older people, are asked for money. The scammers claim to be grandchildren or relatives who have been arrested or are without money to return home. Do not send money without contacting the U.S. Embassy or Consulate General to confirm the other party’s situation. You can also call our Office of Overseas Citizens Services at 888-407-4747 (from overseas: 202-501-4444). Review our information on  emergency assistance to Americans abroad.

U.S. citizens have had problems with business partners, usually involving property investments. You may wish to seek professional legal advice in reviewing any contracts for business or services offered in India. The U.S. Embassy and consulates cannot give legal advice. They also cannot help U.S. citizens with Indian courts on civil or criminal matters. A list of local attorneys is available on the Embassy and Consulates General  websites .

See the  Department of State  and the  FBI  pages for more information on scams.

Don’t buy counterfeit and pirated goods, even if they are widely available. Not only are the bootlegs illegal in the United States, if you purchase them you may also be breaking local law.

Victims of Crime:  U.S. citizen victims of sexual assault should first contact the local police, then inform the U.S. Embassy or local Consulate.

Report crimes to the local police by calling “100” or “112” from a mobile phone.  

Remember that local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting the crime.

See our webpage on  help for U.S. victims of crime overseas .

• help you find appropriate medical care
• assist you in reporting a crime to the police
• contact relatives or friends with your written consent
• explain the local criminal justice process in general terms
• provide a list of local attorneys
• provide information on victims’ compensation programs in the U.S.
• provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States and/or limited medical support in cases of destitution
• help you find accommodation and arrange flights home
• replace a stolen or lost passport

You should ask for a copy of the police report, known as a “First Information Report” (FIR), from local police when you report an incident. Local authorities generally can't act without a police report. 

If your passport is stolen, report the theft or loss right away. Report it to the police in the place where your passport was stolen. You need an FIR to get an exit visa to leave India. The Indian government requires it if the lost passport had your Indian visa. Although the Embassy or Consulate General is able to replace a stolen or lost passport, the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Foreigners Regional Registration Office (FRRO) are responsible for approving an exit permit. This process usually takes three to four working days but can take longer.

In cases of sexual assault or rape, the Embassy or Consulates General can provide a list of local doctors and hospitals, if needed, to discuss treatment and prevention options for diseases and pregnancy. You should be aware that for evidence of an assault to be submitted in a court case, Indian authorities require that the medical exam be completed at a government hospital. Therefore, if a victim goes to a private hospital for treatment, the hospital will refer them to a government hospital for this aspect of the medical process. 

India has many resources for victims of rape and sexual assault. The specific toll-free Women’s Helpline Service number in Delhi is 1091; in Mumbai it is 103; in Kolkata, 1090; in Chennai, 1091 or 2345-2365; and in Hyderabad 1098.

The local equivalent to the “911” emergency line in India is “100.” An additional emergency number, “112,” can be accessed from mobile phones.

Please see our  information for victims of crime , including possible victim compensation programs in the United States. 

Domestic Violence: U.S. citizen victims of domestic violence may contact the Embassy or Consulates for assistance.

Tourism:  The tourism industry is unevenly regulated, and safety inspections for equipment and facilities do not commonly occur. Hazardous areas/activities are not always identified with appropriate signage, and staff may not be trained or certified either by the host government or by recognized authorities in the field. In the event of an injury, appropriate medical treatment is typically available only in/near major cities. First responders are generally unable to access areas outside of major cities and to provide urgent medical treatment. U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance. See our webpage for more  information on insurance providers for overseas coverage.

Local Laws & Special Circumstances

Criminal Penalties:  You are subject to local laws. You may face arrest, imprisonment, and/or deportation if you violate local laws, even unknowingly.  

Furthermore, some activities are crimes under U.S. law and can be prosecuted in the U.S. regardless of whether they are allowed under local law. For examples, see our website on  crimes against minors abroad  and the Department of Justice website.

If police or prison officials arrest or detain you, immediately ask them to notify the U.S. Embassy. See our  webpage  for further information.

Alcohol: Each of India’s states has its own rules for buying and drinking alcohol. Legal drinking ages range from 18 to 25 and can vary by beverage type. Some states permit alcohol use for medicinal purposes only while others require you to hold a permit to buy, transport, or consume alcohol. Penalties for violation can be harsh.

Several U.S. citizens at Indian airports have been arrested for attempting to smuggle illegal drugs from India. Many claim that they did not realize they were carrying narcotics. Never transport or mail packages that do not belong to you and maintain direct control of your luggage at all times.

Beef and Cow Hide:  Several states in India impose various types of prohibition on beef. In some rural areas, cow protection vigilantes have attacked people they suspected of selling or consuming beef, or possessing items made with cow hide.

SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES:

Dual Nationality:  India does not permit its citizens to hold dual nationality. In 2006, India launched the "Overseas Citizens of India" (OCI) program, which does not grant Indian citizenship but is similar to a U.S. "green card" in that you can travel to and from India indefinitely, work in India, study in India, and own property in India (except for certain agricultural and plantation properties). If you are a U.S. citizen and obtain an OCI card you will not become a citizen of India; you will remain a citizen of the United States. An OCI card holder does not receive an Indian passport, cannot vote in Indian elections, and is not eligible for Indian government employment.

U.S. citizens of Indian descent can apply for OCI cards at the Indian Embassy in Washington or at the Indian Consulates in Chicago, New York, San Francisco, Atlanta, and Houston. Inside India, U.S. citizens can apply at the nearest FRRO office (please see “Entry/Exit Requirements” section above for more information on the FRRO). U.S. citizens must use a U.S. passport when traveling in and out of the United States.

Faith-based travelers and those participating in religious activities should refer to the Department of State's Report on International Religious Freedom. Indian law mandates that individuals engaging in religious proselytizing obtain a "missionary" visa. Immigration authorities have determined that engaging in certain activities, such as speaking at religious meetings open to the general public, could violate immigration law if the traveler does not possess a missionary visa. Foreigners with tourist visas who engage in missionary activity are subject to deportation and possible criminal prosecution. The states of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Arunachal Pradesh have legislation that regulates or places restrictions on conversion from one religion to another. If you plan to engage in missionary activity, you may want to seek legal advice to find out if Indian law permits the activities you plan to pursue.

Tourists should also mind restrictions and observances when planning to visit any religious establishment. These include Hindu temples, mosques, churches, and other sacred places to the local population. Many individual temples and mosques do not permit non-members to enter all or parts of the facilities, and may require the removal of shoes, the covering of the head, or have other specific requirements for appropriate attire.  

Customs rules are strict. Before traveling to or from India, inspect all bags and clothes well. Make sure they do not contain banned items. Airport security officials have arrested or detained several U.S. citizens after discovering loose ammunition (including spent individual bullets and casings) or weapons in their luggage. If authorities find loose ammunition or bullets (including empty bullet shells used in souvenirs) on your person or in your bags, they will charge you with violating the Indian Arms Act, and may incarcerate or deport you from India.

Additionally, Indian authorities have arrested and prosecuted U.S. citizens for possessing satellite phones, which is strictly prohibited in India.

Indian customs authorities enforce strict regulations. They cover temporary importation into or export from India of items like antiquities, electronics, currency, ivory, gold objects, and other banned materials. You need permission from the Government of India to bring in restricted items, even if you are only transiting through India. If you do not comply with these regulations, you risk arrest or fine or both and confiscation of these items. If Indian law enforcement charges you with any legal violations, make sure to have an attorney review any document before signing it. The Government of India requires the registration of antique items with the local police along with a photograph of the item. It is advisable to contact the Embassy of India in Washington or one of India's consulates in the United States for specific information regarding customs requirements. More information is available from the Indian Central Board of Excise and Customs.  

Indian customs authorities encourage the use of an ATA (Admission Temporaire/Temporary Admission) Carnet for the temporary admission of professional equipment, commercial samples, and/or goods for exhibitions and fair purposes. ATA Carnet Headquarters, located at the  U.S. Council for International Business , 1212 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10036, issues and guarantees the ATA Carnet in the United States. For additional information call (212) 354-4480, or  email USCIB  for details. Please see our section on  Customs Information  for more information.

Natural Disaster Threats:  Parts of northern India are highly susceptible to earthquakes. Regions of highest risk, ranked 5 on a scale of 1 to 5, include areas around Srinagar, Himachal Pradesh, Rishikesh and Dehradun, the northern parts of Punjab, northwest Gujarat, northern Bihar, and the entire northeast. Ranked 4 (high damage risk) is an area that sweeps along the north through Jammu and Kashmir, Eastern Punjab, Haryana, Northern Uttar Pradesh, central Bihar and the northern parts of West Bengal. New Delhi is located in zone 4. Severe flooding is common in hilly and mountainous areas throughout India. Flooding in 2013 in Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and other areas left thousands of people presumed dead and temporarily stranded dozens of U.S. citizens.

Typhoons/cyclones and subsequent flooding are common along the Indian coasts, in particular the Eastern coastal states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal, and have at times resulted in massive loss of life. Tourists and residents in areas prone to these events should remain vigilant during severe weather, monitor local media for latest developments, and heed all municipal warnings. Residents in these areas should have contingency plans for loss of power and unavailability of goods and services, including supplies for multiple days after a severe weather event.

Accessibility:  Individuals with disabilities may find accessibility and accommodation in India very different than what you find in the United States. Despite legislation that all public buildings and transport be accessible for disabled people, accessibility remains limited. One notable exception is the Delhi metro system, designed to be accessible to those with physical disabilities.

Students:  See our  Students Abroad  page and  FBI travel tips.

LGBTQI+ Travelers: The Supreme Court of India decriminalized same-sex relationships in 2018. Since then, state and union governments have been directed to develop reforms that protect the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) persons, including efforts to provide gender neutral bathrooms at schools and colleges and separate housing for gender-nonconforming and transgender persons in prison.

Although Indian law prohibits discrimination by state and nonstate actors based on sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics, the government is inconsistent in implementing and enforcing these laws, and reports of widespread discrimination, harassment, threats, and violence against LGBTQI+ persons, particularly in rural areas or by local police, persist. See our LGBTQI+ Travel Information page and section 6 of our  Human Rights  report for further details.

For emergency services in India, dial 112 from a cell phone; from a land line, dial 100 for police, 102 for ambulance (108 in parts of South India), and 101 for fire.

Ambulances are not equipped with state-of-the-art medical equipment, and traffic does not yield to emergency vehicles. Injured or seriously ill travelers may prefer to take a taxi or private vehicle to the nearest major hospital rather than wait for an ambulance. Most hospitals require advance payment or confirmation of insurance prior to treatment. Payment practices vary, and credit cards are not routinely accepted for medical care.

Zika, dengue, malaria, measles, and other diseases are present in India. See the Center for Disease Control’s website for more information.

The quality of medical care in India varies considerably. Medical care in the major population centers approaches and occasionally meets Western standards, but adequate medical care is usually very limited or unavailable in rural areas.

We do not pay medical bills.  Be aware that U.S. Medicare does not apply overseas. 

Make sure your health insurance covers care overseas. Most care providers overseas only accept cash payments. See our webpage for more information on insurance providers for overseas coverage. Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for more information on type of insurance you should consider before you travel overseas.We strongly recommend  supplemental insurance  to cover medical evacuation.

If traveling with prescription medication, check with the government of India to ensure the medication is legal in India. Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging with your doctor’s prescription. 

Pharmaceuticals: Exercise caution when purchasing medication overseas. Pharmaceuticals, both over the counter and requiring prescription in the United States, are often readily available for purchase with limited controls. Counterfeit medication is common and may prove to be ineffective, the wrong strength, or contain dangerous ingredients. When buying medication, consult with a medical professional and purchase from reputable establishments. Please visit the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention website on counterfeit drugs for more information.

Water Quality: Water is a common vehicle for the transmission of disease. Impure drinking water can transmit serious diseases such as typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, and dysentery. You can make water safe for drinking by filtering/boiling, distilling, or using chemicals. Bottled water is generally safe for consumption. It is best to stick to the major brands. The water bottle seal or cap should be intact.

Vaccinations:  Be up-to-date on all vaccinations recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

If you are arriving in India from Sub-Saharan Africa or other areas with yellow-fever risk, Indian health regulations require that you present evidence of vaccination against yellow fever. If you lack such proof, authorities may immediately deport you or detain you in the yellow-fever quarantine center for six days. If you travel through any part of sub-Saharan Africa, even for one day, health authorities advise you to carry proof of yellow fever immunization.

Dogs and bats create a high risk of rabies transmission in most of India. Health authorities recommend vaccination for all prolonged stays, especially for young children and travelers in rural areas. It is also recommended for shorter stays that involve occupational exposure, locations more than 24 hours from a reliable source of human rabies immune globulin and rabies vaccine for post-exposure treatment, adventure travelers, hikers, cave explorers, and backpackers. Monkeys also can transmit rabies and herpes B, among other diseases, to human victims. Avoid feeding monkeys. If bitten, you should immediately soak and scrub the bite for at least 15 minutes and seek urgent medical attention.

Influenza transmission occurs from November to April in areas north of the Tropic of Cancer (north India) and from June through November (the rainy season) in areas south of the Tropic of Cancer (south India), with a smaller peak from February through April; off-season transmission can also occur. All travelers are at risk. During the flu season, health authorities recommend that all travelers get the influenza vaccine.

Outbreaks of avian influenza (H5N1 virus) occur intermittently in eastern India, including West Bengal, Manipur, Sikkim, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Assam.

Malaria risk depends on time of year and area the traveler is visiting. Please consult the  CDC website for India for more information. Dengue fever presents significant risk in urban and rural areas. Health officials report the highest number of cases from July to December, with cases peaking from September to October. The CDC recommends taking daytime insect precautions, such as wearing long-sleeved shirts and mosquito repellent.

Tuberculosis is an increasingly serious health concern in India. Please visit the CDC website or more information.

Further health information:

• World Health Organization
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Air pollution is a significant problem in several major cities in India, and you should consult your doctor prior to travel and consider the impact seasonal smog and heavy particulate pollution may have on you. The air quality in India varies considerably and fluctuates with the seasons. It is typically at its worst in the winter. Anyone who travels where pollution levels are high is at risk. People at the greatest risk from particle pollution exposure include: 

• Infants, children, and teens 
• People over 65 years of age 
• People with lung disease such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema 
• People with heart disease or diabetes 
• People who work or are active outdoors 

Current air quality data can be found on the  Department of State’s air quality page . The data on this site are updated hourly. 

Rh-negative blood may be difficult to obtain as it is not common in Asia. 

Medical Tourism:  Medical tourism is a rapidly growing industry. Companies offering vacation packages bundled with medical consultations and financing options provide direct-to-consumer advertising over the internet. Such medical packages often claim to provide high quality care, but the quality of health care in India is highly variable. People seeking health care in India should understand that medical systems operate differently from those in the United States and are not subject to the same rules and regulations.  

Anyone interested in traveling for medical purposes should consult with their local physician before traveling and  refer to the information from the CDC . Persons traveling to India for medical purposes require the proper “medical” visa. Please check with the nearest Indian embassy or consulate for more information. 

Despite reports of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals, in general travelers should not delay or avoid treatment for urgent or emergent medical situations. However, health tourists and other travelers who may be contemplating elective procedures in this country should carefully research individual hospital infection control practices. 

Surrogacy:  Commercial surrogacy is illegal for foreigners in India, subject to complex local regulation. For additional information,  visit the Government of India’s official information on foreigner surrogacy .  

The U.S. Embassy and Consulates General in India maintain lists of local doctors and hospitals, all of which are published on their respective websites under "U.S. Citizen Services." We cannot endorse or recommend any specific medical provider or clinic. 

Travel and Transportation

Road Conditions and Safety:  Travel by road in India is dangerous. India leads the world in traffic-related deaths and a number of U.S. citizens have suffered fatal traffic accidents in recent years. You should exercise extreme caution when crossing streets, even in marked pedestrian areas, and try to use only cars that have seatbelts. Seatbelts are not common in three-wheel taxis (autos) and in back seats of taxis and rideshare vehicles. Helmets should always be worn on motorcycles and bicycles. Travel at night is particularly hazardous. 

On Indian roads, the safest driving policy is always to assume that other drivers will not respond to a traffic situation in the same way you would in the United States, including the use of driving lanes. Buses and trucks often run red lights and merge directly into traffic at yield points and traffic circles. Cars, autos, bicycles, and pedestrians behave only slightly more cautiously. Use your horn or flash your headlights frequently to announce your presence. It is both customary and wise. 

Inside and outside major cities, roads are often poorly maintained and congested. Even main roads frequently have only two lanes, with poor visibility and inadequate warning markers. On the few divided highways one can expect to meet local transportation traveling in the wrong direction, often without lights. Heavy traffic is the norm and includes (but is not limited to) overloaded trucks and buses, scooters, pedestrians, bullock and camel carts, horse or elephant riders en route to weddings, bicycles, and free-roaming livestock. 

Public Transportation:  Buses, patronized by hundreds of millions of Indians, are convenient in that they serve almost every city of any size. However, in some areas, they are often driven fast, recklessly, and without consideration for the rules of the road. Accidents are common. 

Traffic Laws:  Traffic in India moves on the left. It is important to be alert while crossing streets and intersections, especially after dark as traffic is coming in the "wrong" direction. Travelers should remember to use seatbelts in both rear and front seats where available, and to ask their drivers to maintain a safe speed. 

In order to drive in India, you must have either a valid Indian driver’s license or a valid international driver’s license. Because of difficult road and traffic conditions, you may wish to consider hiring a local driver. Your U.S. driver’s license will not work. 

If a driver hits a pedestrian or a cow, the vehicle and its occupants are at risk of being attacked by passersby. Such attacks pose significant risk of injury or death to the vehicle's occupants or risk of incineration of the vehicle. It could be unsafe to remain at the scene of an accident of this nature, and drivers may instead wish to seek out the nearest police station.      Protestors often use road blockage as a means of publicizing their grievances, causing severe inconvenience to travelers. Visitors should monitor local news reports for any reports of road disturbances. 

Please refer to our  Road Safety  page for more information. 

Emergency Numbers:  The following emergency numbers work in New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Kolkata: 

• National Emergency 112 
• Police 100 
• Fire Brigade 101 
• Ambulance 102 

AVIATION SAFETY OVERSIGHT:  The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has assessed the Government of India’s Civil Aviation Authority as being in compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards for oversight of India’s air carrier operations. Further information may be found on the FAA’s Safety Management page . Travelers are urged to use caution while booking private helicopters for travel, especially in the northeast.

For additional travel information

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive security messages and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).
• See the  State Department’s travel website  for the  Worldwide Caution  and  Travel Advisories .
• Follow us on X (formerly known as "Twitter") and Facebook .
• See  traveling safely abroad  for useful travel tips.

India was cited in the State Department’s 2023 Annual Report to Congress on International Child Abduction for demonstrating a pattern of non-compliance with respect to international parental child abduction. Review information about International Parental Child Abduction in  India . For additional IPCA-related information, please see the  International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act ( ICAPRA )  report.

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CDC in India

At a glance.

For over 50 years, CDC has engaged in technical collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to address public health priorities. As health threats emerge, CDC and national partners are prepared to leverage initiatives that strengthen global health security and respond to new public health challenges.

© UNICEF/U.S. CDC/UNI421369/Ahmad

As new health threats emerge, CDC and national partners are well-placed to leverage successful initiatives. Together they work to strengthen global health security capabilities and rapidly respond to new public health challenges.

Improving public health systems

CDC supports global health security priorities in India by providing technical expertise in strengthening public health systems to prevent, detect, and respond to emerging infectious diseases. Efforts include:

• Evidence-based technical guidance for Integrated Public Health Laboratory (IPHL)
• Leading One Health efforts to adapt training programs
• Prioritizing infectious disease implementation
• Strengthening surveillance and reporting for AMR

CDC has supported training for over 20,000 workers in epidemiology and disease surveillance, public health emergency management, laboratory diagnostic testing, and biosafety and quality management.

Laboratory systems

CDC is collaborating with Government of India (GoI) to develop a tiered lab network capable of detecting emerging and novel pathogens such as Nipah, influenza and others. CDC supports GoI initiatives to improve and serve as a regional leader in:

• Diagnostic capabilities
• Quality management systems
• Biosafety and biosecurity practices
• Specimen referral and transport
• Genomic surveillance

Key achievements

• Strengthened molecular detection capabilities for emerging pathogens.
• Developed and implemented IPHLs and their scale-up across all 730 districts. IPHLs have streamlined district and block level lab practices and increased lab diagnostic capacity.
• Trained in the application of evidence-based techniques for sub-district, district, and state referral labs.
• Supported the National Institute of Epidemiology to build capacity for whole genome sequencing of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.

Workforce development

CDC's Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) strengthens the public health workforce's abilities to detect, respond, and control disease outbreaks at the source. To meet international health regulation targets, India needs to train over 7,000 epidemiologists. To help achieve this goal, CDC supported the establishment of an advanced FETP, India Epidemic Intelligence Service (India EIS) in 2012. Since then, India FETP has expanded to three hubs, training over 200 officers per year, across three FETP tiers (advanced, intermediate, and frontline). Since 2012, India FETP officers investigated over 550 outbreaks and conducted over 300 surveillance evaluations.

Key accomplishments

• Championed the development and release of a "One-India" FETP Roadmap, which lays the vision for FETP in India.
• Supported India FETP in launching two new initiatives to support FETP faculty development – an India EIS faculty cohort and a two-year public health workforce fellowship.
• Provided support to 'SectorConnect' (a One-Health Frontline FETP) and a one-year informatics program (Growing Experience in E-Learning and Knowledge, or GEEKS).
• Collaborated with GoI, WHO, and the South Asia Field Epidemiology Training Network to develop an India FETP learning management system platform. The platform will be instrumental in expanding a cadre of highly skilled field epidemiologists through a scalable learning approach.

Emergency management

CDC collaborates with GoI to enhance India's emergency management capabilities and resilience. Through national technical working groups, CDC provides technical assistance to implement modern emergency management concepts and principles, using a common framework for public health response, and exercises for pandemic preparedness. CDC aims to:

• Increase emergency management human resource capacity
• Strengthen national and sub-national emergency operations centers (EOCs)
• Develop and update emergency response plans, protocols, and procedures
• Build and sustain crisis and risk communication capacity
• Enhance points of entry preparedness and response capabilities
• Train and equip rapid response teams with management and operations competence
• Offer real-time support for multiple activations of EOCs and outbreak response systems
• Supported the establishment, operation, and management of national and sub-national EOCs that can coordinate and direct response to disease outbreaks, natural or humanmade disasters, and other public health emergencies.
• Collaborated to create, develop, establish, and maintain a comprehensive five-tiered Public Health Emergency and Disaster Management Professional Development Program. This program aims to develop preparedness and response capacity for the entire spectrum of the response workforce, from community members to professionals and policymakers.
• Support training for multisectoral personnel to effectively respond to public health emergencies and disasters, thereby fostering the development of a strong, adaptable, and resilient emergency management workforce.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

CDC has been supporting the National Center for Disease Control (NCDC), GoI, to establish the National Antimicrobial Surveillance Network (NARS-NET) to improve quality assured testing, standardize scopes of practice, and conduct trainings. NARS-NET has increased from 10 laboratories in 2013 to include 50 laboratories across 27 states and 6 union territories.

CDC supports NCDC in strengthening the state level AMR surveillance networks. This support includes training and conducting reviews in seven Indian states. CDC supports AIIMS in partnership with the Indian Council for Medical Research to develop and implement a network for surveillance and prevention of healthcare associated infections.

• More than 200 intensive care units report to AIIMS. These reports include nearly 60 hospitals that conduct surveillance for bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, and surgical site infections. An additional 40 medical college hospitals are enrolled through the NCDC, and 750 district hospitals across the country will be enrolled to the network.
• AIIMS prepares and and shares quarterly reports with Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and key stakeholders, including WHO.
• Through CDC support, the network uses virtual training programs to build capacity to reduce HAIs and improve infection prevention and control programs using quality improvement methodology.
• Contribute to NCDC, GOI technical advisory and core working groups on AMR, infection prevention and control, and Antimicrobial Stewardship Program to develop and implement a National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance.

In collaboration with GoI, CDC is improving access to comprehensive HIV prevention , testing, and treatment care continuum for priority and key populations. CDC efforts and key accomplishments are outlined below.

Prevention and case finding

• Integrated service delivery strategies by establishing community one stop centers, motor bike interventions, and service delivery strategies for people who migrate.
• Supported a free mobile application of the national HIV treatment guidelines.
• Expanded evidence-based case finding strategies, including index testing services, and social network strategy. These strategies have been included in the revised national HIV counseling and testing guidelines.
• Supported training for 430 master trainers in index testing services. These master trainers coordinated cascade trainings for over 5,772 healthcare workers (5,000 ICTC and 772 ART center staff.)
• Influential in drafting the national operational guidelines for antiretroviral treatment (ART) services and national guidelines for HIV care and treatment. These guidelines were disseminated to staff from 772 ART centers and 29 state AIDS control societies.
• Developed a curriculum for training of antiretroviral therapy centre staff and trained a pool of 120 master trainers to cascade the training to staff from 772 centres.
• Partnered to integrate strategies that address non-communicable diseases for people living with HIV (PLHIV). This includes screening and management of cervical cancer, hypertension, diabetes and mental health, into HIV care to ensure treatment continuity.
• Supported demonstration of the full package of HIV Advanced Disease Management package (ADM) including point of care screening of TB and cryptococcus (a fungal infection.)

Lab strengthening

• Integrated diagnostic network strategies, network optimization, and workforce development to strengthen the HIV viral load test capacity to provide annual viral load tests to 1.4 million PLHIV receiving treatment at 772 ART centers.
• Supported technology transfer for the HIV-1 testing proficiency program with successful expansion to 64 molecular labs.
• Supported NACO's laboratory quality assurance and accreditation flagship program since 2009 and call for 100% of ISO 15189 accreditation for all the 250 HIV, viral load and early infant diagnosis labs.
• Provided technical assistance to strengthen the STI lab network across 10 regional sexually transmitted infections (STI) labs and provide quality assured etiological diagnosis and drug resistance profiling.
• Collaborated with NACO and Global Fund partners to develop HIV drug resistance diagnostic capacities in India.
• Demonstrated the full HIV Advanced Disease Management package, including point-of- care screening of TB and cryptococcus.

Strategic information

• CDC supports NACO's framework for integrated and enhanced epidemiology and surveillance for HIV, STIs, and comorbidities. This includes support for HIV estimates, India's nationwide HIV behavioral sentinel surveillance — the largest in the world— and integrated biological and behavioral surveillance among key populations.

CDC supports the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) to end TB by supporting four strategic pillars: detect, treat, prevent, and strengthen capacity. CDC efforts and key accomplishments are outlined below.

Prevention and treatment

CDC successfully implemented "Strengthening TB Action and Response (STAR)" project in Mumbai to:

• Provide public sector drug susceptibility testing support to start individualized drug-resistant TB (DR TB) treatment
• Improve DR TB treatment adherence
• Strengthen TB infection prevention and control (IPC) practices to reduce TB transmission at 144 healthcare facilities

This work was successfully scaled up in ten states as the 'TB Mukt Bharat IPC' project. The project is being implemented in 189 healthcare facilities in 63 districts across ten states of India.

• Implemented the 'PrTHAM' project to prevent TB infection among healthcare workers through screening for TB and TB infection at Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Kasturba hospital in Sevagram, Maharashtra.
• During the COVID-19 pandemic, CDC-supported Dharavi project that improved treatment outcomes among patients with DRTB in Mumbai's informal urban settlements. The project retained nearly all patients on treatment, even those who migrated elsewhere.
• Implemented early TB preventive treatment programs in India to diagnose and treat TB among household contacts in Nagpur and Mumbai, Maharashtra, using patient-friendly diagnostic tests and treatment regimens.
• Supported NTEP to improve linkage to TB evaluation and treatment in children through the 'End TB in Indian Children' project in Delhi, Mumbai, and Chennai.
• Provided technical support to ensure external quality assessment for rapid molecular tests. The NTEP plans eventually expanded the practice to cover all TB testing sites in India.
• Provided capacity for next generation sequencing at the National Institute of Research in TB (NIRT) in Chennai. With CDC support, NIRT conducted NGS on a prospective cohort of patients with DR TB across India. This effort identified common and new TB mutations and led to the first Indian TB catalogue of mutations.

Data management

• Expanded ELEVATE (E2) project to strengthen state- and district-level capacity to use local data to guide programmatic actions and accelerate TB control and elimination efforts in 11 states across India.
• Supported training a total of 767 NTEP staff across the states on data quality and analysis to support states' management for information to programmatic action.

CDC helps India prepare for pandemics in alignment with India's "Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Plan". CDC works to strengthen laboratories and training clinicians on effective case management and infection control. Strong influenza surveillance has enabled India to detect influenza seasonal peaks during monsoons, understand the seasonality of influenza in tropical countries, and guide timing for influenza vaccination.

• Collaborated with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) to help determine the disease and economic burdens of influenza and other respiratory viruses in priority groups, evaluate effectiveness of influenza vaccines, and identify optimal timing for influenza vaccination.
• Fostered collaboration in influenza prevention and control among diverse stakeholders, including government bodies, healthcare professionals, researchers, and professional organizations in India through multiple stakeholder meetings during 2022-23 period involving representatives from more than 15 states.
• Advanced molecular diagnostic capacity developed during CDC's collaborations with National Institute of Virology. Efforts were made to scale up PCR SARS-CoV-2 testing across India's influenza laboratory network.
• Strengthened the influenza surveillance network by building lab capacity for rapid detection of viruses and emerging pathogens. This includes building capacity for molecular diagnostics (RT-PCR and genetic sequencing) and providing critical supplies.
• Supported trainings on Flu-COVID-19 RT-PCR and NGS for participants from medical colleges across India regions (Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, West Bengal, Sikkim, Meghalaya, and Assam).

Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs)

CDC supports efforts to eliminate or control vaccine-preventable diseases through the Universal Immunization Program. Since the mid 1990's, CDC has helped strengthen:

• Epidemiology and laboratory methods
• Routine immunization services
• Training methods, data systems
• Case-based disease surveillance
• Outbreak preparedness and response

CDC's support of the National Public Health Surveillance Project strengthened implementation of polio, measles, and COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, outbreak response, and surveillance.

Success story spotlight

Empowering community leaders among female sex workers for hiv service equity and addressing stigma.

CDC India, in collaboration with the Society for Health Allied Research and Education INDIA (SHARE INDIA) and the Andhra Pradesh State AIDS Control Society (APSACS) worked to enhance HIV service delivery for female sex workers at NARI SAKSHAM, a community led organization in Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh. This organization reaches 2,700 female sex workers across the district through 100 community-based groups.

Female sex workers have historically faced barriers in health care settings such as social exclusion, stigma, and discrimination. Additionally, a complex public health system with limited accessibility has led to poor patient outcomes, including irregular pick up of antiretroviral treatment (ART), lack of follow up, and lower adherence to treatment.

To improve access to HIV treatment among female sex workers living with HIV, CDC provided on-site technical assistance to NARI SAKSHAM for establishing decentralized ART clinical services to ensure consistent treatment and durable viral load suppression. CDC trained community leaders on how to administer ART, regularly check on people living with HIV, collect samples for viral load tests, and report data. Through the Undetectable = Untransmittable (U=U) campaign, community leaders also promoted positive HIV treatment adherence and reducing stigma.

G. Vijaya Rani, coordinator at NARI SAKSHAM, noted significant improvements: 981 people living with HIV, including 412 female sex workers received regular ART. "Earlier we didn't know if members were taking medicines regularly and if their health was okay. Now I can observe that they come regularly and take ART. I am also able to follow up on their VL test due dates and refer them for tests on time".

From 2020 to 2022, the initiative achieved a 98% treatment retention rate for female sex workers with HIV, increased viral load testing access from 21% to 92%, and improved viral suppression from 77% to 94%. This model's success led to its adoption by 29 community-based organizations across Andhra Pradesh, setting a national benchmark for empowering communities and achieving HIV service equity.

Publications

Global Health

CDC's Global Health Center works 24/7 to reduce illness and respond to health threats worldwide.

Update on COVID-19 India issues Revised Guidelines for International Travelers in view of reported cases of new SARS-CoV-2 variant (Omicron) across the world Guidelines require all travelers (irrespective of COVID-19 vaccination status) coming to India from countries identified as ‘countries at-risk’ to Mandatorily undergo post-arrival COVID-19 testing at Airport on Arrival

In continuation of the proactive and risk based approach for management of COVID-19 pandemic,Union Ministry of Health issuedrevised ‘Guidelines for International arrivals’ on 28 th November, 2021. The updated guidelines require all travelers (irrespective of COVID-19 vaccination status) coming to India from countries identified as ‘countries at-risk’ to mandatorily undergo post-arrival COVID-19 testing at airport on arrival in addition to pre-departure COVID-19 testing undertaken 72 hours before the departure. For passengers found positive in these test, they will be isolated and treated as per the clinical management protocol besides their samples also taken for Whole Genome Sequencing. The passengers found negative can depart the airport but have to undergo home isolation for 7 days, followed by repeat testing on 8 th day of arrival in India, followed by 7 days of self-monitoring.

Further, in view of reports of increasing number of countries reporting the Omicron variant, the present Guidelines also mandate that 5% of the travelers coming from countries which are not in the ‘at risk category’ will also be tested on random basis at the airports for COVID-19.

Samples of all individuals testing positive for Covid-19, either at airports under home isolation or during random sampling, will also be sent for Whole Genomic Sequencing at identified INSACOG network laboratories to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 variants (including Omicron).

The B.1.1.529 variant (Omicron) was first reported to WHO from South Africa on 24 November 2021 and the WHO’s Technical Advisory Group on SARS-CoV-2 Virus Evolution (TAG-VE) on 26 th November 2021 has classified it as Variant of Concern (VoC) in view of large number mutations noted in the variant, some of which may make this mutation more transmissible and have immune escape behaviour. The emerging evidence on the issue is being monitored by Union Ministry of Health.

States have also been advised for rigorous surveillance of international passengers, enhanced testing, monitoring the hotspots of COVID -19, ensuring augmentation of health infrastructure, including undertaking samples for whole genome sequencing.

While Union Ministry of Health continues to closely follow the evolving nature of pandemic, strict adherence to COVID Appropriate Behavior (use of mask/face cover, physical distancing, hand hygiene and respiratory hygiene) and undertaking Covid-19 vaccination remain the mainstay for managing COVID-19 at the community level.

The new guideline shall come into effect on 1 st December 2021 (00.01 Hrs.). The detailed guidelines are available at: ( https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/GuidelinesforInternationalarrival28112021.pdf ) 

HFW/COVID Revised Travel Guidelines (Omicron)/29 th November2021/4

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Travel Advisories

Guidelines for international arrivals (updated on 19th july 2023) - source : mohfw.gov.in.

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Guidelines for International Arrivals (updated on 10th February 2023) - Source: mohfw.gov.in

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Guidelines for International arrivals (updated on 29th December 2022)

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List of Countries/Regions in respect of which primary vaccination schedule completion certificate is allowed to be considered (in context of guidelines for international arrivals updated on 2nd September 2022)

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Guidelines for International arrivals (updated on 21st November 2022)

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Guidelines for International arrivals (updated on 2nd September 2022)

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List of Countries/Regions in respect of which primary vaccination schedule completion certificate is allowed to be uploaded (in context of guidelines for international arrivals updated on 10th February 2022)

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Guidelines for International arrivals (updated on 10th February 2022) - Source: mohfw.gov.in

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Travel Vaccines and Advice for India

The Taj Mahal, Hampi, the Himalayas and the Caves of Ajanta are just the beginning for amazing sights in India. For thousands of years, the subcontinent has been the cradle of one of the most amazing cultures to visit.

Every year, tourists from around the globe flock to India to see its amazing sights and sounds. Whether you are a spiritual pilgrim, a business executive or an adventure seeker, India is sure to have something for you.

On This Page: Do I Need Vaccines for India? Other Ways to Stay Healthy in India Do I Need a Visa or Passport for India? What Is the Climate Like in India? How Safe Is India? What Should I Pack for India? Where Is the U.S. Embassy in India?

Do I Need Vaccines for India?

Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for India. The CDC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for India: typhoid , cholera , hepatitis A , polio , yellow fever , Japanese encephalitis , chikungunya , rabies , hepatitis B , influenza , COVID-19 , pneumonia , meningitis , chickenpox , shingles , Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) .

See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:

• Typhoid – Food & Water – Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator.
• Cholera – Food & Water – A risk for travelers throughout India. Avoid swimming in popular rivers or streams as cholera may be present. Vaccination is recommended for some travelers.
• Hepatitis A – Food & Water – Recommended for most travelers.
• Polio – Food & Water – May be required if arriving from countries with active transmission. Recommended for some travelers to the region. Single adult booster recommended.
• Yellow Fever – Mosquito – Required if traveling from a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
• Japanese Encephalitis – Mosquito – Recommended for all regions except: Dadra, Daman, Diu, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Lakshadweep, Meghalaya, Nagar Haveli, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Sikkim.
• Chikungunya – Mosquito – India has the second most chikungunya cases of any region globally. Vaccination is recommended.
• Rabies – Saliva of Infected Animals – High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-term travelers and those who may come in contact with animals.
• Hepatitis B – Blood & Body Fluids – Recommended for travelers to most regions.
• Influenza – Airborne – Vaccine components change annually.
• COVID-19 – Airborne – Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic.
• Pneumonia – Airborne – Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both.
• Meningitis – Direct Contact & Airborne – Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students.
• Chickenpox – Direct Contact & Airborne – Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox.
• Shingles – Direct Contact – Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles.
• Polio – Food & Water – Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended.
• TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) – Wounds & Airborne – Only one adult booster of pertussis required.
• Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) – Various Vectors – Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.

See the table below for more information:

Specific Vaccine Information

• Typhoid – Salmonella Typhi causes typhoid, a severe infection transmitted via contaminated food and water. Vaccination is recommended for travelers and those with elevated infection risks. Practicing proper hygiene and safe food handling can also reduce the likelihood of contracting typhoid.
• Cholera – Cholera is a highly infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, primarily spread through contaminated water. It and causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. The cholera vaccine provides long-term protection against infection.
• Hepatitis A – Be sure to protect yourself from hepatitis A, a contagious liver infection caused by HAV, through vaccination. The virus spreads through contaminated food, water, and close contact. Along with vaccination, maintaining proper hygiene and avoiding undercooked shellfish are essential for prevention.
• Japanese Encephalitis – Japanese encephalitis, a mosquito-borne virus causing neurological issues, can be prevented through mosquito control, protective clothing, and vaccination. Vaccination is highly recommended for individuals in endemic areas or travelers.
• Chikungunya – Chikungunya, a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, causes fever and severe joint pain. Prevention includes using mosquito repellent and eliminating breeding sites. Vaccination provides the best protection.
• Rabies – Rabies is a life-threatening viral infection transmitted primarily through bites and scratches from infected animals. Vaccination is the key to prevention, offering pre-exposure protection to high-risk individuals and post-exposure treatment for those exposed to rabies.
• Hepatitis B – The hepatitis B virus causes liver infection, spreading through contact with infected bodily fluids. Prevention measures include safe practices and, notably, hepatitis B vaccination. This vaccine effectively triggers the immune system to produce antibodies, offering reliable, long-term protection against the virus.
• Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) – Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) are viral infections with distinct symptoms. They spread through respiratory droplets and close contact. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent MMR infections, with the MMR vaccine offering protection against all three diseases.

Malaria in India

Malaria is present throughout India, except for regions over 6,500 feet elevation. Travelers are generally advised to take antimalarials no matter their destination or itinerary in the country.

If you are traveling to India, make sure you are protected. Visit your local Passport Health to receive a comprehensive consultation on what you will need to stay safe. Book your appointment online now or call us at and make sure your dream trip doesn’t become a nightmare.

Other Ways to Stay Healthy in India

Prevent bug bites in india.

In case of bug bites, cleanse the area, use anti-itch treatments, and resist scratching to prevent infection. Seek medical help for severe reactions or if symptoms of vector-borne diseases emerge post-bite.

Food and Water Safety in India

Abroad, practice food safety by avoiding street vendors, washing hands thoroughly, and choosing well-cooked meals. Opt for bottled or canned drinks with unbroken seals. Prevent travelers’ diarrhea by practicing hand hygiene, skipping raw foods, and dining at reputable establishments.

Altitude Sickness in India

Altitude sickness, or acute mountain sickness (AMS), manifests at high elevations due to insufficient oxygen intake. To prevent AMS, ascend slowly, hydrate adequately, and consider medication. If symptoms arise—headaches, nausea—descend to lower altitudes immediately for rest and recovery.

Infections To Be Aware of in India

• Avian/Bird Flu – Avian flu, a contagious virus affecting birds and humans, can be prevented through poultry vaccination, enhanced biosecurity on farms, proper poultry handling and cooking, vigilant outbreak surveillance, and public education on the virus and its transmission.
• Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever – Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, caused by tick bites and person-to-person contact, requires preventive actions like tick protection and strict healthcare precautions.
• Dengue – Dengue fever is a significant global health concern. Symptoms can escalate from mild fever to life-threatening conditions. Preventing mosquito bites is key to avoidance, with recommendations including repellent and netting use.
• Leishmaniasis – The transmission of leishmaniasis primarily occurs through infected sand fly bites, with other routes of transmission possible. Preventing the disease involves minimizing exposure to sand flies. Early detection and treatment can prevent serious symptoms.
• Zika – Zika, a virus carried by Aedes mosquitoes, can pose risks, particularly for pregnant women. Preventing Zika requires using mosquito repellent, practicing safe sex, and getting rid of mosquito breeding sites.

Do I Need a Visa or Passport for India?

India requires all U.S. travelers have a visa prior to entering the country. Visa requirements vary based on the purpose of travel, length of stay and family background. A passport with at least six months validity is also required.

Sources: Embassy of India and U.S. State Department

What Is the Climate Like in India?

India is a big country, the weather can be different depending on where you go. Here’s some information about the weather in some of India’s most popular places:

• Goa: Goa is a beach place in India. The best time to go is from November to February when the weather is dry and comfortable.
• Delhi: Delhi is a city in India. The best time to go is from October to March when the weather is good.
• Mumbai: Mumbai is a city in India. The best time to go is from November to February when it’s cooler.
• Jaipur: Jaipur is a city in India. The best time to go is from October to March when the weather is good.
• Agra: Agra is a city in India. The best time to go is from November to March when the weather is good.
• Kerala: Kerala is a place in India with lots of rain. The best time to go is from September to March when it’s dry.

Remember that the weather can change every year, so it’s always a good idea to check before you go.

How Safe Is India?

Avoid an embarrassing stop, over 70% of travelers will have diarrhea., get protected with passport health’s travelers’ diarrhea kit .

India is generally safe, but is still a developing country in many ways. Try to avoid the Indian-Pakistani border, as growing tensions have led to a less safe situation.

Petty crime, especially theft is common. This happens mostly in trains and buses. pick-pocketing is known to occur in some tourist areas. Violent crime is traditionally uncommon, though there has been a slight increase in recent years.

Scamming has become more common in many popular areas. Be especially careful in airports and train stations. If an offer for cheap transportation or hotel rooms seems too good, it probably is. Only use well-known travel agencies when booking your trip and planning activities in-country.

LGBT individuals will want to be especially careful as laws on homosexuality are unclear. While prosecution is rare, LGBT visitors may wish to avoid drawing attention.

What Should I Pack for India?

Packing for India can be a bit tricky, as the country is different from many popular travel destinations:

• Pack light – Moving from place to place in India can be a bit tricky. Many forms of transportation have a tight fit and having something you can easily haul around is key. Bringing an extra backpack isn’t a bad idea either as a purse or small bag may not be enough to carry water, an umbrella and similar items.
• Prepare for weather – Be sure to pack according to what season you’ll be in the country. Where you are headed is also a key factor as the Himalayas are a much cooler region.
• Wear the right footwear – You’ll likely be doing a lot of walking (or even standing) in India. Make sure your shoes are up for the trip, your feet will thank you.
• Bring a complete first-aid kit – The CDC has a complete list of recommended health items which can be found here . Some notable items include: sunscreen, insect repellent, hand sanitizer and diarrhea medicine like DiaResQ or other remedies.

Where Is the U.S. Embassy in India?

The State Department recommends all travelers to India enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive automated notifications from the U.S. Embassy. This program provides important information to travelers about potential threats in countries you may be visiting.

The U.S. Embassy in India is located at:

U.S. Embassy New Delhi Shantipath, Chanakyapuri New Delhi – 110021 India Telephone: +(91) (11) 2419-8000 Fax: +(91) (11) 2419-8407

Whether you are traveling for business or pleasure, India is an absolutely amazing destination. From the Himalayas to the coast of the Indian Ocean, the country’s unique culture and feel has something for every type of traveler.

To learn more about what you can do to prepare for an Indian trip, visit your local Passport Health clinic. Book your appointment today by calling or scheduling online now.

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Health Risks To Be Aware Of When Traveling To India

W here do you start with a country as vast as India? From its mountainous north to its tropical south — with scorching deserts and countless mega cities in between — you could spend a lifetime here and barely scratch the surface. It's a must-see destination for all travelers and one that begs to be explored beyond well-known tourist hotspots like the Taj Mahal . But you'd be forgiven for feeling an ounce of trepidation, given the number of health-related scare stories you may have heard from other visitors. Here's the thing — yes, you need to familiarize yourself with the risks of a trip to India before you travel. Still, it certainly doesn't mean you can't do so safely.

Let's take hygiene and sanitation first. The standards in India, in some regions, are not as high as you'd expect from mainland Europe or Australia, but there are plenty of ways to arm yourself with protection during your trip. Vaccines, for one, are super important here. And then there's personal hygiene, not to mention educating yourself on the risks of altitude sickness and air pollution, depending on where in India you'll be exploring. To help get the ball rolling, book an appointment with your doctor at least eight weeks before you jet off — they'll be able to provide ample travel advice tailored specifically to you. But for now, here are some of the most important health risks to consider before you explore the many wonders of India.

Read more: Dangerous European Destinations To Skip On Your Next Trip

Get Yourself Up To Date With These Vaccines

Many of the vaccines here will have been given to you as a child, but it's possible that one could have slipped through the net, or you may need a booster shot. You likely had 2 doses of the chickenpox vaccine at 12 months and 4 years old, but if you didn't, get yourself up to date — a new variant (clade 9) has been detected in India. Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis are also present in the country. As a baby, you probably had three shots of the combined vaccine and three boosters as a child. If you didn't, get 1 shot before heading to India and a booster dose every 10 years thereafter. Make sure you're fully vaccinated against measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and polio, too. The MMR vaccine should have been given to you in 2 shots — at 12 months and 4 years old. And the polio vaccine comes in four doses — usually given at two months, four months, six months, and four years old.

The CDC also recommends that everyone over 6 months get the flu vaccine yearly, and those over 50, or those with a weakened immune system, should have the shingles vaccine. You must be protected against both illnesses in India — more than 1 million cases of shingles are recorded here yearly, and the country's peak flu season coincides with what's considered the best time to visit India — October to May.

These Additional Jabs Are Also Recommended

Traveling to exotic, new places is one of life's ultimate pleasures, but it brings with it the risk of new diseases. First up is cholera — thought to be present in India and spread through dirty water or contaminated food. The vaccine is given as a drink in two doses, each taken a week apart. Japanese encephalitis is next — this rare but dangerous infection is spread by mosquitoes, with outbreaks in India typically occurring during the rainy season — from May to October. If you're traveling during this time, especially if you'll be staying in rural areas, consider this two-dose vaccine for peace of mind.

You should also protect yourself from typhoid fever, especially if you plan to stay with friends or relatives. It's spread through unclean water and food and is especially prevalent in rural parts of the country. Two types of vaccine are available for typhoid — one in pill form (four pills taken every other day) or a shot vaccine. Both should be given at least two weeks before traveling.

Ensure your doses of Hepatitis A and B are up to date, too. Each is spread in similar ways, whether that's contaminated food or drink, having sex with an infected person, or sharing needles with one. Both vaccines are routine and given to children in the U.S., but as an adult traveling to India, you should get the combined vaccine as a booster shot to make sure you're still protected.

Keep Away From All Animals

Do you love to pet every dog, stroke every cat, and take pictures of every monkey you see? Well, this isn't advised in India. In fact, it will increase your risk of contracting certain diseases. Animal bites and wounds can play host to a whole load of these — cellulitis and fasciitis are just some examples common in India, with both almost always requiring strong antibiotics for treatment.

What's more, India has the highest number of reported cases of rabies in the world — a rare but serious infection that's usually fatal once symptoms appear. Rabid dogs are often the problem here, but you can get rabies from any infected animal if it bites you, scratches you, or licks a wound on your body. It all sounds terrifying, but there are easy ways to stay safe. 

First, steer clear of all animals, including those cute-looking monkeys at temples. Second, get the pre-exposure vaccine before traveling — this is two doses (one given seven days after the other), and a third dose is needed within three years if you continue to visit high-risk areas. It'll protect you from a rabies infection for a little while (if you've been exposed to the virus), giving you time to reach a hospital in India for the two-dose post-exposure vaccine. Depending on where you are in the country, this may be difficult to come by. So, having a medical evacuation insurance policy covering emergency travel to receive it can give you peace of mind.

Consider Your Malaria Risk

You've probably heard about malaria — a serious flu-like illness caused by a parasite that infects certain types of mosquitoes. Whether you'll need extra special medication depends on where your adventures in India are taking you and when you plan to travel. Most regions are low-risk — malaria has been found in cities like Mumbai and Delhi. Still, most cases occur in West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha. There's also a higher risk if you're traveling to India during its monsoon season (June to September), when hot temperatures, heavy rains, and a risk of flooding bring more mosquitoes.

Make sure to have a strong insect repellent on hand, and wear long, loose-fitted clothing to avoid being bitten. But if you're going to high-risk areas, get prescription antimalarials, too. Some of these tablets will need to be taken before your trip, during your travels, and after you get back — your doctor can help you determine which medication is best for you.

Another mosquito-borne illness to be aware of is Dengue — it's become more common in India over recent years. The mosquitos that carry it are often found in urban areas, but there's no vaccine. This means using a strong insect repellent, sleeping under a mosquito net, and covering your skin is your best defense. Dengue can cause nausea, vomiting, headache, and joint and muscle pain, but not everyone infected will feel sick.

Prepare For Diarrhea

One key symptom across many of the illnesses we've spoken about already is (the dreaded) diarrhea. While you can "get the runs" from anywhere in the world, "Delhi belly" is fairly common for visitors to India. From a 24-hour bout of loose stools to a full-on episode of travelers' diarrhea (TD) or giardiasis, the risk is exceptionally high here. You have a 60% chance of getting TD during a two-week trip. It's usually caused by eating or drinking contaminated foods or liquids, so it pays to be vigilant at all times.

Washing your hands as often as possible or using an antibacterial gel (when running water isn't available) can help protect you from germs. But you'll also want to avoid drinking tap water (even when brushing your teeth) and always ask for drinks without ice when you're out and about. Stick to filtered, boiled, or bottled water wherever you can. Oh, and when it comes to eating at restaurants or from food stalls in India, say no to anything that's been reheated, not to mention seafood and meat, which can also pose real risks if they're not fresh. Steering clear of raw, unpeeled fruit and veg is a good idea, too. If you're concerned about getting diarrhea while you're away, bring along some anti-diarrhea medication and oral rehydration salts, which can help relieve symptoms and give you peace of mind.

Protect Yourself From COVID-19

Sorry — it's likely you're a bit fed up hearing about this virus and the three-year-long global emergency it caused. Nevertheless, it's another jab you should consider getting before you make your way to India. True, there are no COVID-19 testing requirements to enter the country — you don't even need to prove you're vaccinated — but it's a good idea to make sure you're covered should you become infected while you're out there. Why? India is so densely populated. 

Despite being one-third the size of the U.S., it has four times the population, which increases the likelihood of virus transmission. Daily cases in the country are indeed low at this time. Still, the virus appears to circulate during specific seasons — India's last spike saw a total of 12,193 people infected with COVID-19 on April 21, 2023. With all this in mind, it's better to be safe than sorry, so do your part to stay protected from the illness. The CDC recommends everyone over the age of 5 get one dose of an updated COVID-19 vaccine yearly, especially those traveling internationally.

Air Quality Is A Huge Problem

With its sumptuous mix of traditions, stunning architecture, and jaw-dropping landscapes, India is a real sight to behold. But if you're planning a trip here, you'll want to think carefully about the time of year you visit. Perhaps more so than any other country in the world, India has an air quality problem, thanks to many of its mega-cities with dangerous pollution levels , especially during the annual "pollution season" — from October to December.

If you need any more convincing, the air quality index in Delhi hit 500 in November 2023. For context, this is the highest measurement the index will go to and is 100 times the limit deemed healthy by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Thick smog covering the capital, brought on by car emissions, construction, and farmers burning their fields during the crop planting season, has forced schools to shut and all but non-essential construction work to be paused in the past. Avoiding India's urban areas may help, but beware that air quality is a real problem in rural settings, too.

To properly take in the sights and smells of this wondrous country, you're much better off timing your trip outside of the pollution season. But if you must travel at this time, take plenty of precautions. You'll want to bring multiple face masks and avoid going outside wherever possible, especially if you have a preexisting health condition like asthma or chronic lung disease.

Beware Of Altitude Sickness

Frankly, India is ginormous — you'd need years, perhaps decades, to explore every ounce of its captivating land mass. For this reason, some travelers choose to visit the country in sections, organizing trips to and from India over the course of many years. But if this holiday sees you planning to take in all that the north has to offer — a word of caution. The high-elevation Himalayan areas that are both stunningly beautiful and have a perfect climate during India's summertime can also bring on the symptoms of altitude sickness. We're talking about places like the home of the 14th Dalai Lama — Dharamshala, mountainous Manali, the hill resort of Shimla, and spiritual Rishikesh.

But what exactly is altitude sickness? It's when your body doesn't have time to adjust to lower oxygen levels in the atmosphere. You're looking for the tell-tale signs of a headache, nausea and vomiting, a loss of appetite, fatigue (even when resting), trouble sleeping, and dizziness. To fight altitude sickness , make sure you ascend gradually and give yourself time to acclimate to your surroundings. If your symptoms worsen, especially at rest, you should descend slowly. Planning on taking a hiking or trekking excursion in the Himalayas? Your doctor can advise you on how to physically prepare for trips to high altitudes , including using a preventative altitude sickness treatment, such as acetazolamide. But if you notice troublesome symptoms on this medication, follow the safety guidance above.

Protect Yourself From The Sun

Regardless of the time of year, you're visiting India, you need to be careful when it comes to sun exposure. In Mumbai, for example, the UV Index (UVI) has been recorded as 8.2, which falls under the high-risk category — meaning you should avoid direct sunlight wherever possible, especially in the middle of the day. This is particularly important during the summer months (March to May) and where elevation is high, such as in the Himalayan areas in the north.

Other ways to stay as safe as possible are using a high-SPF sunscreen and reapplying it every two hours to protect yourself from sunburn . Wear loose, lightweight clothing and a sun hat to ward off heat-related illnesses like heat stroke . Steering clear of any physical activity when temperatures are high is also advised. So, too, is drinking plenty of water often and eating small, regular meals throughout the day.

Be Aware Of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Arming yourself with protection against STIs is always a good idea, whether you're exploring new sights abroad or going about your normal routine at home. But make sure you stay extra vigilant during your trip to India — especially if you're a member of a high-risk population group, such as someone who's transgender, a man who has sex with men, or a female sex worker. Why? In 2019, it was found that 2.3 million people in India were living with HIV, especially in areas such as Manipur, Mizoram, and Nagaland. Compare this with 1.2 million people living with HIV in the U.S.

None of this is anything to worry about, though — you just need to be sensible and follow all the same general advice as you would at home. First off — don't have unprotected sex. If you do choose to have sex while in India, make sure you use latex condoms correctly. Second, don't share any needles, including needles used for getting a new tattoo, a piercing, or health therapies like acupuncture. Lastly, don't inject drugs. HIV can be spread through each of these means via bodily fluids, such as saliva, blood, and semen. Not to mention other STIs that can be contracted in similar ways, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.

Get Pre-Travel Advice, Even If Visiting People You Know

Are you jetting off to India to visit relatives or old friends? Chances are you're counting down the days until you're reunited with your loved ones. But before you hop on a flight, make sure you've checked in with a doctor. While your trip to India may technically be a return to your homeland, it's just as important for you to be made aware of the health risks at play, if not more so. For instance, you might be staying in a rural area not set up properly for tourists — somewhere that doesn't have a hospital or medical facilities nearby. Or maybe you'll be eating all of your meals with local family members who don't have adequate running water or the same sanitation measures you're used to when it comes to preparing food.

Even if you think it's a waste of time, book an appointment with your doctor at least eight weeks before you travel anyway. It can give you peace of mind that you're up to date with all the necessary vaccines, are aware of the risks you might be facing, and have all the right precautions in place should something go wrong.

Read the original article on Explore .

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Vaccinations For Travel to India (Recommended by CDC)

Posted by Dr. Miranda

Large numbers of travelers are visiting developing countries, like India. Studies show that 50-75% of travelers to the tropics and sub-tropics (including India) report some health problem during their stay or after leaving the country which they visited although most of the health problems are minor and only about 5% require medical attention and less than 1% requires hospitalization ( 1 ). Infectious diseases are the main culprit for the health problems among the travelers. But they rarely cause death among travelers.

It is your personal doctor (or immunologist, or infectologist) who will tell you which vaccinations you need before travel, and if vaccination is safe for you. If you travel to India, you should set up an appointment to your doctor 4-6 weeks before traveling, since in this time most of vaccines take effect ( 2 ).

Immunizations (vaccination) for travelers can be categorized into three categories:

a) Routine Vaccinations

Routine vaccinations such as for influenza, chickenpox, polio, measles/mumps/rubella (MMR), and diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus (DPT), also for rotavirus, are for children and for adult booster doses of vaccines and these are regardless to travel requirements ( 2 ).

b) Required Vaccinations

Yellow fever vaccination.

Yellow fever is caused by yellow fever virus and transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Symptoms in a mild infection last for 3-4 days and include fever, muscle aches, headache , nausea and vomiting. In some patients, after few days of recovery, a toxic phase with bleeding from the nose, mouth and eyes, heart problems, jaundice, decreased urination, and shock with affected consciousness may follow and may be fatal. No treatment for yellow fever is currently available.

An entry into India requires vaccination for yellow fever for travelers from certain countries where yellow fever is endemic (some African, South American and Caribbean countries). Travelers from Europe, North America, Australia, and continental Asia do not need to be vaccinated against yellow fever to be able to enter India. Yellow fever vaccine is for the country (in this case India) so that yellow fever is not introduced in India ( yellow fever is absent in India ).

Yellow fever vaccine . A person who needs to be vaccinated against yellow fever has to visit a doctor at least 10 days before the travel. A single dose of attenuated (weakened) live-virus preparation subcutaneously takes effect within 10 days ( 4 ); immunity lasts for at least 10 years. After vaccination, everyone has to wait 30 minutes at the clinic, so that eventual (rare) allergic reaction can be treated.

Vaccination is required for all travelers entering India from endemic countries (arrival from or transit through an endemic zone in the previous 6 days), except for children below 6 months of age.

Yellow fever vaccination is generally effective and safe, but contraindications and side effects have to be considered.

Contraindications for yellow fever vaccine are:

• Age below six months
• Recent thymus disease, or removed thymus
• Allergy to eggs
• Impaired immunity : patients with AIDS (HIV positive persons without symptoms may be vaccinated if there is a high risk of infection), those receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy, leukemia, lymphoma and other diseases with low immunity

Pregnant women should avoid yellow fever vaccinations, since adverse effects to the fetus are not known. If international travel requirements are the only reason for vaccination, a pregnant woman should obtain a waiver letter from the traveler’s physician to avoid vaccination.

Side effects of yellow fever vaccine are rare and may include:

• Mild headaches, myalgia, low-grade fever, starting within days after vaccination and lasting for 5-10 days
• Neurological complications (rare): encephalitis (seen only in first time recipients, mostly infants), Guillian-Barré syndrome and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ( 5 )
• Yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD), a dangerous reaction affecting internal organs
• Allergic reaction with rash, itching, difficulty breathing, dizziness

If travelers from certain countries have not been vaccinated for yellow fever they are at risk of sending back to their country or they will be vaccinated in the point of entry and quarantined for 6 days. The incubation period of yellow fever is 3-6 days and international regulation accepts quarantine as the longest incubation period for that particular disease, in this case yellow fever and it is six days.

About Cholera Vaccination

Cholera   is an acute diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae . It usually causes a mild diarrhea, but may occasionally cause severe diarrhea leading to death from dehydration, if infected person is not re-hydrated promptly. Common sources of infection are contaminated water or raw or poorly cooked seafood, raw fruit and vegetables. Anyone losing a large amount of fluid because of diarrhea should see a doctor immediately to be properly hydrated. Antibiotic azithromycin may be used to shorten the course of disease ( 6 ).

Currently available cholera vaccines do not prevent transmission of infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) no longer recommends cholera vaccination for travel to or from cholera-infected areas .

According to Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organisation (WHO) , currently no country officially requires cholera vaccination for arriving travelers under International Health Regulations. Border officials in some countries may occasionally still ask for proof of vaccination if arriving from infected areas though ( 3 ).

c) Recommended Vaccinations (by CDC)

Vaccinations for India recommended by CDC (Center of Disease Control and Prevention) are the immunizations that a traveler should take before entry into a country, though they are not mandatory. These are for the safety of the traveler and strongly recommended.

Typhoid Vaccine

Typhoid fever , caused by bacterium Salmonella typhi , is a life threatening febrile infection, acquired by fecal-oral route. Typhoid vaccination is recommended for those planning to travel into small cities and rural areas. Oral live attenuated, in capsule, dose 1 capsule alternate day for four doses, has to be taken a week before exposure (only after 6 years of age), immunity lasts for 5 years. Typhoid Vi capsular polysaccharide, single intramuscular injection has to be taken at least two weeks before exposure (only after 2 years of age), immunity lasts for 2 years. NOTE: Typhoid vaccines are only 50-80% effective, so prevention measures regarding food should be kept in mind.

Hepatitis Vaccine

Hepatitis A , caused by hepatitis A virus, is a fecal-oral infection of the liver, resulting in usually few weeks lasting fever, nausea, dark urine and jaundice. A  hepatitis A vaccine (intramuscular) has to be taken two weeks before travel (only after 1 year of age). A  hepatitis A/B combined vaccine (only after 18 years of age) consists of 3 intramuscular doses at 0, 1, and 6 months. Immunisation after hepatitis vaccination lasts for 5-12 years. Travelers, younger than 1 year, or allergic to vaccine, should receive a single dose of immune globulin (0.02 mL/kg), which provides protection against hepatitis A for up to 3 months. Side effects, if any are mild.

Rabies Vaccine

Rabies is a fatal encephalitis caused by Rabies viruses. After an incubation period (1-3 months) progressive muscular paralysis and death follow. Rabies vaccine  is recommended for travelers planning to attend outdoor activities like camping or cycling where exposure to bite from rabies transmitting animals like raccoons, skunks, bats, foxes, cats, cattle, and dogs, is increased. Three intramuscular doses at day 0, 7, 21 or 28 should be given. Adverse effects of rabies vaccine are usually mild. Rabies vaccine cannot cause rabies. Post-exposure vaccine can be given regardless of interval from animal bite. Rabies immune globin (RIB) should be also always given in this case. Booster dose is advised every 2 years, if necessary.

Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine

Japanese encephalitis is caused by mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis virus; the risk of exposure is mainly in rural areas. After incubation period of 5 to 15 days fever, gastrointestinal symptoms and headache usually appear, followed by generalized weakness, movement disorders or seizures. Japanese encephalitis vaccine consists of 3 subcutaneous doses 1 week apart, immunity lasts for 12 -18 months. Allergic reaction to vaccine is rare but may be strong, so observation for 30 minutes after injection is required.

Poliomyelitis Vaccine

Poliomyelitis , caused by poliovirus, is an acute infection affecting gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, mainly in children. It is acquired by fecal-oral or oral transmission. Poliomyelitis vaccination  is recommended to all non-vaccinated persons including infants after 6 weeks of age. Vaccination is generally safe (no known serious side effects) and effective.

Ask a Doctor Online Now!

While traveling to India a traveler should keep in mind certain things about India. Being a developing country and near the tropic India has a big burden of infectious diseases. Infectious diseases like malaria, dengue, typhoid and paratyphoid, diarrheal diseases, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, cholera, diphteria, and so on, are endemic in India. Diseases like plague, water borne diseases, Japanese encephalitis are also not uncommon here. A foreign traveler visiting India should remember which disease is endemic in which area. If a person is visiting Kolkata or nearby parts of Eastern India, he should remember that these areas are endemic for diseases like cholera, typhoid fever, malaria, filaria, and other infections. In Northern India, dengue (transmitted by aedes mosquito) and amoebiasis are prevalent.

Vaccination Against Rotavirus for Children

Due to rotavirus diarrhea , every year about a half of million children die worldwide and another 2 million children are hospitalized. Administer the first dose of rotavirus vaccine (by oral route) between 6-12 weeks, not before 6 weeks of age and not later than 12 weeks. Second dose is given 4-10 weeks after the first dose. And the final dose 4-10 weeks after second dose, before 32 weeks and never after 32 weeks. Safety data are not sufficient beyond this range of 6-32 weeks.

Precautions for Traveller’s Diarrhea

Travelers diarrhea (TD) is mostly caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) ( 1 ). It is seen among 20%-50% of the travelers from developed countries to developing countries. The symptoms of traveler’s diarrhea include sudden onset, increases frequency and volume of stool.

There may be over four watery stools per day. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal cramps and bloating. The TD usually resolves within 2-3 days even if there is no treatment. The people from developing countries, including India, are already immune from frequent exposure and rarely get TD.

Some of the preventive measures that can be taken by the travelers include avoidance of undercooked foods and drinks from street vendors etc. A traveler should peel the fruits like bananas and oranges by himself. Also a traveler should carry his own drinking water or always drink branded mineral water.

References:

• Risk to get infection in developing countries  (pdrhealth.com)
• Vaccination recommendations for travellers and health care providers  (cdc.gov/travel)
• Cholera vaccine not officially required  (healthlink.mcw.edu)
• Yellow fever vaccine takes effect within 10 days  (yellowfever.com.au)
• Neurological complications of yellow fever vaccination  (cdc.gov/travel)
• Antibiotic azithromycin is effective in cholera   (mayoclinic.com)

Related Articles

Health Risks for Travelers to South, Southeast and East Asia

Vaccine Side Effects And Symptoms After Immunization

Travel Disease (Infections) Diagnosis – Traveler’s Medical History

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India-US travel curbs eased. What you need to know about CDC travel guidelines

The cdc uses travel health notices (thns) to alert travellers to health threats around the world and advise them on how to protect themselves..

The pandemic, which began two years ago, has led to multiple restrictions on travel and everyday life. In a fresh concern over the global spike in cases, China and some parts of Europe are witnessing a new surge in cases led by the BA.2 variant of Omicron. China's Shanghai is the worst-hit currently where the cases recorded are over 4,400 mark. On the other hand, India's covid cases are witnessing a sharp decline. As India's coronavirus cases dip, the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on Monday eased its COVID-19 travel advisories for India. Top US medical body CDC took down India from Level 3 (high risk) to Level 1 (low risk).

The US department in a statement said, “The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued a Level 1 Travel Health Notice due to COVID-19, indicating a low level of COVID-19 in the country. Your risk of contracting COVID-19 and developing severe symptoms may be lower if you are fully vaccinated with an FDA authorized vaccine.” It further added that “Before planning any international travel, please review the CDC's specific recommendations for vaccinated and unvaccinated travellers.”

Read more: France sees new high in hospitalisations: 10 global updates on Covid

The CDC uses Travel Health Notices (THNs) to alert travellers to health threats around the world and advise them on how to protect themselves. The CDC has four levels of Covid-19 travel advisories for countries. Here's all you need to know about them:

1. Level-1 (low risk): The level 1 of CDC guidelines include countries with a low Covid risk, as the name suggests. In its advisory, the CDC advises people to be sure of being “fully vaccinated before travelling to these destinations.” Currently, this category has over 30 countries including India, China, Kenya, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Taiwan, Uganda.

2. Level-2 (Moderate risk): The second level includes moderately-hit countries amid the pandemic. Under this category, the guideline asks travellers to be fully vaccinated, and those who are unvaccinated with an “increased risk for severe illness” to avoid non-essential travel. There are 14 countries under this category including Bahamas, Bangladesh, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau,Jamaica, Kyrgyzstan, Malawi, Montserrat, Morocco, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Zambia.

3. Level 3 (High-risk): This level includes countries that are high-risk countries or those that are highly hit by covid-19. Under this category, all unvaccinated travellers are advised to avoid non-essential travel. This category includes Albania, Cuba, Botswana, Fiji, Ecuador, Indonesia, Peru, Qatar, South Africa, Sri Lanka, UAE, among other countries.

4. Level 4 (Very high-risk): Level 4 of the CDC guidelines include countries that are severely hit with the coronavirus. The CDC advises travellers to avoid complete travel to the countries under this category. A maximum number of countries are under this category including Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Malaysia, Maldives, South Korea, Spain, United Kingdom, among others.

Read more: Covid caller tune to be done away with, says report; netizens express relief

5. Level Unknown: The US agency has another ‘unknown’ level in its travel health notice list. This includes countries in which the covid-19 cases data is not known completely. Countries such as North Korea, Afghanistan, Syria, Yemen are included in this category. The CDC advises travellers to avoid travelling to these destinations.

Meanwhile, the US, which was the worst-hit country due to the covid-19, has recorded over 81,658,973 cases so far, with 1,004,244 deaths.

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Cdc Updates India Travel Restrictions: What You Need To Know

• Last updated Sep 13, 2023
• Difficulty Beginner

• Category United States

India, a country known for its vibrant culture and rich history, is a popular travel destination for many tourists. However, due to the ongoing global pandemic, there are several travel restrictions in place, as advised by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These restrictions aim to protect the health and safety of both tourists and the local population. Whether you're planning a trip to explore the breathtaking landscapes or immerse yourself in the bustling city life, it's important to stay informed about the current travel guidelines set by the CDC to ensure a smooth and enjoyable journey to India.

What You'll Learn

What are the current travel restrictions for india according to the cdc, are there any specific requirements or protocols for travelers from india entering the united states, what is the cdc's recommendation for individuals planning non-essential travel to india, are there any exceptions or exemptions to the travel restrictions for india, are there any specific health and safety guidelines that travelers should follow when traveling to india during the covid-19 pandemic, as outlined by the cdc.

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact the global travel industry, countries around the world have implemented various travel restrictions and guidelines to mitigate the spread of the virus. India, like many countries, has also implemented travel restrictions to protect its citizens and prevent the spread of COVID-19 within the country.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there are several travel restrictions in place for India. These restrictions are subject to change and it is important for travelers to stay updated with the latest information from reliable sources such as government websites and travel advisories.

As of the time of writing, the CDC advises against all nonessential travel to India. This means that individuals should postpone their travel plans to India unless it is absolutely necessary. The CDC recommends that even fully vaccinated travelers may be at risk of contracting and spreading COVID-19 variants and should avoid all travel to India.

For travelers who do need to travel to India, there are certain requirements and restrictions in place. All air travelers, including those who are fully vaccinated, are required to provide a negative COVID-19 test result taken no more than three days before their departure to India. This requirement applies to all travelers, regardless of their nationality, age, or vaccination status.

Upon arrival in India, travelers are required to undergo a self-paid COVID-19 test at the airport. If the test result is negative, travelers can proceed with their journey. However, if the test result is positive, travelers will be required to quarantine at a designated facility for a specified period as determined by the health authorities in India.

Additionally, travelers are advised to follow strict COVID-19 precautions during their stay in India. This includes wearing masks, practicing social distancing, and frequently washing hands with soap and water or using hand sanitizer. Travelers should also stay informed about the local COVID-19 situation and follow any additional guidelines or restrictions implemented by the Indian government or local authorities.

It is important for individuals considering travel to India to be aware that the travel restrictions and requirements can change at any time. This is due to the evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and the efforts of governments to contain the spread of the virus. Therefore, it is crucial to regularly check for updates from official sources before making any travel plans to India.

In conclusion, the CDC currently advises against all nonessential travel to India due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Travelers who do need to travel to India must adhere to certain requirements and restrictions, including providing a negative COVID-19 test result before departure and undergoing a self-paid test upon arrival. It is important for individuals to stay informed about the latest travel restrictions and guidelines from reliable sources before planning any travel to India.

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Yes, there are specific requirements and protocols for travelers from India entering the United States. These requirements have been put in place to ensure the safety and security of both the American population and visitors from India.

One of the main requirements is the need for a valid visa. Indian travelers must obtain an appropriate visa before traveling to the United States. This can be a tourist visa, business visa, student visa, or any other visa category that matches the purpose of the visit.

In addition to a visa, travelers from India are also required to complete an Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) form. This form is used by the U.S. government to screen travelers before allowing them entry into the country. The ESTA form can be completed online and must be submitted at least 72 hours before the intended travel date.

Another important requirement for travelers from India is the need for a valid passport. The passport must be machine-readable and should have a validity of at least six months beyond the intended departure date from the United States.

While these are the basic requirements, there may be additional protocols and restrictions in place, especially during times of health crises like the current COVID-19 pandemic. It is important for travelers from India to stay updated with the latest travel advisories and guidelines issued by the U.S. government and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

During the COVID-19 pandemic, travelers from India may be subject to additional health screenings and quarantine requirements upon arrival in the United States. It is advisable to check for any specific protocols or restrictions related to COVID-19 before planning the trip.

It is also important for travelers from India to be aware of any prohibited items or substances when entering the United States. This can include drugs, certain food items, plants, or animals. Customs regulations should be checked before packing to ensure compliance with the law.

In conclusion, there are specific requirements and protocols for travelers from India entering the United States. These include having a valid visa, completing an ESTA form, possessing a valid passport, and complying with any additional health and customs protocols that may be in place. It is important for travelers to stay updated with the latest travel advisories and guidelines to ensure a smooth and hassle-free journey.

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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued recommendations for individuals planning non-essential travel to India. With the recent surge in COVID-19 cases in India, it is important for travelers to be aware of the risks and take necessary precautions.

The CDC advises travelers to avoid all travel to India due to the current situation. India has been experiencing a significant increase in COVID-19 cases and has become a hotspot for the virus. Traveling to India at this time puts individuals at a very high risk of contracting COVID-19 and potentially spreading it further upon return.

For those who must travel to India, the CDC strongly recommends getting fully vaccinated before the trip. COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective in preventing severe illness and hospitalization, and getting vaccinated can greatly reduce the risk of getting infected or spreading the virus.

In addition to vaccination, travelers to India should also take several measures to protect themselves and others from COVID-19. These measures include wearing a mask consistently and correctly in public settings, practicing physical distancing by staying at least 6 feet away from others, and frequently washing hands with soap and water or using hand sanitizer when soap is not available.

It is also important for travelers to be aware of the local situation in India and follow any restrictions or guidance issued by local authorities. COVID-19 measures may vary from state to state in India, and it is essential to stay updated on the latest developments and adhere to any regulations in place.

Upon returning from India, travelers are advised to follow CDC recommendations for international travel. This includes getting tested for COVID-19 before boarding a flight back to the United States and getting tested again 3-5 days after arrival. It is also recommended to self-quarantine for a full 7 days after travel, even if the test results are negative.

Travelers should be aware that the situation in India is rapidly evolving, and travel restrictions and recommendations may change at any time. It is important to regularly check the CDC website and consult with healthcare professionals for the latest information and guidance.

Overall, the CDC strongly advises against non-essential travel to India at this time due to the high risk of COVID-19. Travelers should carefully consider the risks and take necessary precautions to protect themselves and others if they need to travel to India.

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As a response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have imposed travel restrictions to limit the spread of the virus. India is one such country that has implemented travel restrictions to protect its citizens and control the transmission of the virus within its borders. However, there may be certain exceptions or exemptions to these travel restrictions for specific individuals or circumstances.

The travel restrictions imposed by India may vary depending on the individual's nationality, purpose of travel, and the country they are traveling from. In general, foreign nationals are not allowed to enter India during the travel restrictions unless they fall under certain exempted categories.

One of the exempted categories is Indian citizens or nationals returning to India. Indian citizens stranded abroad due to the lockdown or other travel restrictions may be allowed to travel back to India, subject to certain conditions and clearance from the concerned authorities. They may be required to undergo mandatory quarantine or other health-screening measures upon arrival.

Apart from Indian citizens returning to India, there are also other exempted categories such as healthcare professionals, diplomats, and individuals engaged in international trade or transportation activities. These individuals may be allowed to travel to India for essential purposes, subject to clearance and adherence to certain protocols.

In addition to the exempted categories mentioned above, there may be special cases where individuals can seek exemptions from the travel restrictions. These cases can include medical emergencies, death in the family, or other compelling reasons for travel. Individuals in such situations may need to provide relevant documents or proofs to support their request for exemption.

However, it is important to note that even in the case of exemptions, individuals traveling to India are required to adhere to certain guidelines and protocols. This may include undergoing COVID-19 testing, mandatory quarantine, or other health-screening measures as deemed necessary by the authorities.

It is always advisable to stay updated with the latest travel advisories and guidelines issued by the Indian government or the respective Indian embassies or consulates in your country of residence. These advisories can provide detailed information on the current travel restrictions, exemptions, and necessary procedures for travel to India.

In conclusion, while India has implemented travel restrictions to control the spread of COVID-19, there are certain exceptions and exemptions for individuals in specific categories or circumstances. Indian citizens returning to India, healthcare professionals, diplomats, and individuals engaged in essential trade or transportation activities are among those exempted from the travel restrictions. Additionally, individuals with compelling reasons for travel may seek exemptions on a case-by-case basis. However, it is crucial to adhere to the guidelines and protocols set by the authorities when traveling to India during the travel restrictions.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we travel, and it's important for travelers to follow health and safety guidelines to protect themselves and others when visiting different countries. For those planning to travel to India, it is essential to be aware of the specific guidelines outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These guidelines are designed to minimize the risk of spreading the virus and ensure the safety of both travelers and the local population.

First and foremost, travelers are advised to monitor their health before and during the trip. This includes checking for symptoms such as fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. If any symptoms are present, it is recommended to delay the trip and seek medical attention.

Before traveling to India, it is crucial to get vaccinated against COVID-19. The CDC recommends that all eligible individuals receive the COVID-19 vaccine at least two weeks before their trip. This offers a higher level of protection against the virus and reduces the risk of severe illness.

Additionally, travelers should adhere to the prevention measures recommended by the CDC, such as wearing masks in public settings, practicing social distancing, and frequent handwashing. These measures are vital in preventing the spread of the virus and protecting oneself and others.

It is essential to stay informed about the current COVID-19 situation in India. Travelers should regularly check the CDC's travel recommendations for India, which provide up-to-date information on the level of COVID-19 transmission in different regions. This can help travelers make informed decisions about their trip and take necessary precautions.

Upon arrival in India, it is important to follow the local health authorities' guidelines and protocols. This may include undergoing health screenings, such as temperature checks and COVID-19 testing. Travelers should be prepared to provide documentation of a negative COVID-19 test result before entering certain areas or establishments.

Travelers should also be aware of any local restrictions or requirements imposed by the Indian government. This may include quarantine or self-isolation requirements for certain travelers, depending on their vaccination status or country of origin. It is essential to adhere to these measures to avoid complications or penalties upon entry.

While traveling in India, it is recommended to avoid crowded places and practice good respiratory hygiene. This includes covering the mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing, using tissues or elbows, and disposing of tissues properly.

Finally, it is crucial to have travel health insurance that covers COVID-19-related expenses. This can provide peace of mind and financial protection in case of unexpected medical emergencies or trip disruptions due to the virus.

Overall, following the health and safety guidelines outlined by the CDC is crucial when traveling to India during the COVID-19 pandemic. These guidelines aim to protect both travelers and the local population, minimizing the risk of virus transmission and ensuring a safe and enjoyable trip. By staying informed, practicing preventive measures, and adhering to local protocols, travelers can help mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and contribute to a safer travel experience for everyone involved.

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Frequently asked questions.

Yes, there are travel restrictions in place for India due to COVID-19. The CDC has issued a Level 4 travel advisory, which urges Americans to avoid all travel to India. The Indian government has also implemented several restrictions, including suspending most international flights and requiring negative COVID-19 tests for entry.

Indian citizens are allowed to enter India, but they may be subject to certain restrictions and requirements. They must have a negative COVID-19 test result taken within 72 hours prior to departure, and they may be required to undergo quarantine upon arrival.

There are some exemptions to the travel restrictions for India. This includes certain categories of travelers, such as diplomats, medical professionals, and those with compelling personal reasons. However, even exempted travelers may be subject to additional testing and quarantine requirements.

If you have plans to travel to India, it is important to stay updated on the latest travel advisories and restrictions. Consult with the CDC, Indian embassy/consulate, and your airline for the most accurate and up-to-date information. It is also recommended to reconsider your travel plans and consider the potential health and safety risks before making any decisions.

• Karisa Garcia Author Reviewer Traveller

• Duke Trotter Author Editor Reviewer Traveller

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Times of India TIMESOFINDIA.COM / TRAVEL NEWS , UNITED STATES / Created : Jun 10, 2021, 13:23 IST

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USA’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has updated its travel recommendations now. The organisation has eased travel recommendations for more than 110 destinations.

USA’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has updated its travel recommendations now. The organisation has eased travel recommendations for more than 110 destinations. Read less

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USA’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has updated its travel recommendations now. The organisation has eased travel recommendations for more than 110 destinations.