Pronunciations of 'trip'

Pronunciation of 'trip'.

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Trip - pronunciation: audio and phonetic transcription

American english:, [ˈtɹɪp] ipa, /trip/ phonetic spelling.

trip pronunciation in english

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How to Pronounce Trip?

Trip pronunciation in British English

Trip pronunciation in Australian English

Trip pronunciation in American English

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trip example in a phrase

You need to plan your itinerary well for your trip to China. You don't want to get lost

The last time I went skiing I broke my leg, so I'll pass on the Aspen ski trip : once bitten, twice shy.

Definition of trip

  • a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)
  • a hallucinatory experience induced by drugs
  • an accidental misstep threatening (or causing) a fall

Synonyms of trip

  • journey pronunciation journey [ en ]
  • tour pronunciation tour [ en ]
  • travel pronunciation travel [ en ]
  • voyage pronunciation voyage [ en ]
  • excursion pronunciation excursion [ en ]
  • jaunt pronunciation jaunt [ en ]
  • junket pronunciation junket [ en ]
  • pilgrimage pronunciation pilgrimage [ en ]
  • stumble pronunciation stumble [ en ]
  • slip pronunciation slip [ en ]

Can you pronounce it better? Or with a different accent? Pronounce trip in English

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Translation of trip

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Accents & languages on maps

  • Record pronunciation for trip trip   [ en - uk ]
  • Record pronunciation for trip trip   [ ind ]
  • Record pronunciation for trip trip   [ vo ]

Random words: Australia ,  world ,  dog ,  walk ,  literature

How to pronounce

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how to pronounce trip

audio example by a male speaker

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the above transcription of trip is a detailed (narrow) transcription according to the rules of the International Phonetic Association; you can find a description of each symbol by clicking the phoneme buttons in the secction below.

trip is pronounced in one syllable

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video examples of trip pronunciation

An example use of trip in a speech by a native speaker of american english:

“… the day a 22 minute trip earns him 9.32 …”

meaning of trip

Trip is a verb meaning to move suddenly and unexpectedly.

trip frequency in english - A1 level of CEFR

the word trip occurs in english on average 153 times per one million words; this frequency warrants it to be in the study list for A1 level of language mastery according to CEFR, the Common European Framework of Reference.

topics trip can be related to

it is hard to perfectly classify words into specific topics since each word can have many context of its use, but our machine-learning models believe that trip can be often used in the following areas:

1) people, society, and culture;

2) transport and travel;

words with pronunciation similar to trip

Words that rhyme with trip, did this page help you.

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Definition of trip noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

  • Did you have a good trip?
  • We went on a trip to the mountains.
  • a boat/coach/bus trip
  • a business/school/shopping trip
  • a fishing/camping trip
  • They took a trip down the river.
  • We had to make several trips to bring all the equipment over.
  • Jack made a return trip (= another visit to the same place) later that year.
  • The return trip (= back to the place where you started) on the bike was much easier and quicker than the outbound trip.
  • He went with her on her overseas trips.
  • She's away on a short trip.
  • He is planning a trip to Vienna.
  • They organize short bike trips.
  • He has just returned from a three-day trip to Australia.
  • a business trip
  • a five-minute trip by taxi
  • a long and difficult journey across the mountains
  • a tour of Bavaria
  • the first expedition to the South Pole
  • We went on an all-day excursion to the island.
  • The children were on a day’s outing from school.
  • We had a day out at the beach.
  • a(n) foreign/​overseas trip/​journey/​tour/​expedition
  • a bus/​coach/​train/​rail trip/​journey/​tour
  • to go on a(n) trip/​journey/​tour/​expedition/​excursion/​outing/​day out
  • to set out/​off on a(n) trip/​journey/​tour/​expedition/​excursion
  • to make a(n) trip/​journey/​tour/​expedition/​excursion
  • have/​take (British English) a holiday/ (North American English) a vacation/​a break/​a day off/ (British English) a gap year
  • go on/​be on holiday/​vacation/​leave/​honeymoon/​safari/​a trip/​a tour/​a cruise/​a pilgrimage
  • go backpacking/​camping/​hitchhiking/​sightseeing
  • plan a trip/​a holiday/​a vacation/​your itinerary
  • book accommodation/​a hotel room/​a flight/​tickets
  • have/​make/​cancel a reservation/ (especially British English) booking
  • rent a villa/ (both British English) a holiday home/​a holiday cottage
  • (especially British English) hire/ (especially North American English) rent a car/​bicycle/​moped
  • stay in a hotel/​a bed and breakfast/​a youth hostel/​a villa/ (both British English) a holiday home/​a caravan
  • cost/​charge $100 a/​per night for a single/​double/​twin/​standard/ (British English) en suite room
  • check into/​out of a hotel/​a motel/​your room
  • pack/​unpack your suitcase/​bags
  • call/​order room service
  • cancel/​cut short a trip/​holiday/​vacation
  • apply for/​get/​renew a/​your passport
  • take out/​buy/​get travel insurance
  • catch/​miss your plane/​train/​ferry/​connecting flight
  • fly (in)/travel in business/​economy class
  • make/​have a brief/​two-day/​twelve-hour stopover/ (North American English also) layover in Hong Kong
  • experience/​cause/​lead to delays
  • check (in)/collect/​get/​lose (your) (especially British English) luggage/ (especially North American English) baggage
  • be charged for/​pay excess baggage
  • board/​get on/​leave/​get off the aircraft/​plane/​ship/​ferry
  • taxi down/​leave/​approach/​hit/​overshoot the runway
  • experience/​hit/​encounter severe turbulence
  • suffer from/​recover from/​get over your jet lag/​travel sickness
  • attract/​draw/​bring tourists/​visitors
  • encourage/​promote/​hurt tourism
  • promote/​develop ecotourism
  • build/​develop/​visit a tourist/​holiday/ (especially British English) seaside/​beach/​ski resort
  • work for/​be operated by a major hotel chain
  • be served by/​compete with low-cost/ (especially North American English) low-fare/​budget airlines
  • book something through/​make a booking through/​use a travel agent
  • contact/​check with your travel agent/​tour operator
  • book/​be on/​go on a package deal/​holiday/​tour
  • buy/​bring back (tacky/​overpriced) souvenirs
  • Enjoy your trip!
  • He makes frequent trips to Poland.
  • He's just back from a trip to Alaska.
  • I had to cut short my trip when my wallet was stolen.
  • My last trip abroad was two years ago.
  • Don't make a special trip just to get my newspaper.
  • In their last two away trips, Everton were defeated by Spurs.
  • The first prize is a free trip to New York.
  • The food alone made the trip worthwhile.
  • The rest of our trip was uneventful.
  • The trip home took us five hours!
  • They are hoping to complete the trip in four days.
  • They saved for years for their trip of a lifetime to Hawaii.
  • Well, have a safe trip back!
  • her dream trip to New Zealand
  • Because of bad weather conditions, the trip was cancelled.
  • Tomorrow there will be a boat trip to the island.
  • We used to go on school trips to France when we were kids.
  • be (away) on
  • a trip abroad
  • the trip home
  • the trip of a lifetime

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trip pronunciation in english

Learn How to Pronounce trip

trip pronunciation in english

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Definition:

(nou) a journey for some purpose (usually including the return) (nou) a hallucinatory experience induced by drugs (nou) an accidental misstep threatening (or causing) a fall (nou) an exciting or stimulating experience (nou) a catch mechanism that acts as a switch (nou) a light or nimble tread (nou) an unintentional but embarrassing blunder

Phonetic Transcription:

The trip was for the conciliation.

He is going on a trip.

The package trip is optional.

trip pronunciation in english

Learn more about: trip

Related Words:

international

How to perfect your pronunciation of: trip

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trip - transcription, translation and pronunciation online

Transcription and pronunciation of the word " trip " in British and American variants. Detailed translation and examples.

AudioEnglish.org

TRIP (tripped, tripping)

Pronunciation (us):    (gb): , ipa (us): .

Listen to US pronunciation

  Dictionary entry overview: What does trip mean?  

• TRIP (noun)   The noun TRIP has 7 senses:

play

  Familiarity information: TRIP used as a noun is common.

• TRIP (verb)   The verb TRIP has 5 senses:

  Familiarity information: TRIP used as a verb is common.

  Dictionary entry details  

• TRIP (noun)

Sense 1

A journey for some purpose (usually including the return)

Classified under:

Nouns denoting acts or actions

Context example:

he took a trip to the shopping center

Hypernyms ("trip" is a kind of...):

journey ; journeying (the act of traveling from one place to another)

Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "trip"):

flight (a scheduled trip by plane between designated airports)

junket (a trip taken by an official at public expense)

round trip (a trip to some place and back again)

run (a regular trip)

run (a short trip)

trek (any long and difficult trip)

errand (a short trip that is taken in the performance of a necessary task or mission)

service call (a trip made by a repairman to visit the location of something in need of service)

Derivation:

trip (make a trip for pleasure)

Sense 2

A hallucinatory experience induced by drugs

Nouns denoting stable states of affairs

an acid trip

hallucination (illusory perception; a common symptom of severe mental disorder)

trip (get high, stoned, or drugged)

Sense 3

An accidental misstep threatening (or causing) a fall

Nouns denoting natural events

slip ; trip

the jolt caused many slips and a few spills

misadventure ; mischance ; mishap (an instance of misfortune)

fall ; spill ; tumble (a sudden drop from an upright position)

trip (miss a step and fall or nearly fall)

trip (cause to stumble)

Sense 4

An exciting or stimulating experience

head trip ; trip

experience (an event as apprehended)

Sense 5

A catch mechanism that acts as a switch

Nouns denoting man-made objects

trip; tripper

the pressure activates the tripper and releases the water

catch ; stop (a restraint that checks the motion of something)

trip (put in motion or move to act)

Sense 6

A light or nimble tread

he heard the trip of women's feet overhead

step (the act of changing location by raising the foot and setting it down)

Sense 7

An unintentional but embarrassing blunder

misstep ; stumble ; trip; trip-up

confusion caused his unfortunate misstep

bloomer ; blooper ; blunder ; boner ; boo-boo ; botch ; bungle ; flub ; foul-up ; fuckup ; pratfall (an embarrassing mistake)

• TRIP (verb)

Miss a step and fall or nearly fall

Verbs of walking, flying, swimming

stumble ; trip

She stumbled over the tree root

Hypernyms (to "trip" is one way to...):

move (move so as to change position, perform a nontranslational motion)

"Trip" entails doing...:

walk (use one's feet to advance; advance by steps)

Troponyms (each of the following is one way to "trip"):

founder (stumble and nearly fall)

Sentence frames:

Somebody ----s Somebody ----s PP

trip (an accidental misstep threatening (or causing) a fall)

tripper (a walker or runner who trips and almost falls)

Cause to stumble

trip; trip up

The questions on the test tripped him up

stumble ; trip (miss a step and fall or nearly fall)

Somebody ----s somebody Something ----s somebody

Make a trip for pleasure

jaunt ; travel ; trip

go ; locomote ; move ; travel (change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically)

junket ; junketeer (go on a pleasure trip)

travel to ; visit (go to certain places as for sightseeing)

journey ; travel (undertake a journey or trip)

ply ; run (travel a route regularly)

commute (travel back and forth regularly, as between one's place of work and home)

peregrinate (travel around, through, or over, especially on foot)

Somebody ----s Somebody ----s somebody PP

trip (a journey for some purpose (usually including the return))

tripper (a tourist who is visiting sights of interest)

Put in motion or move to act

Verbs of sewing, baking, painting, performing

activate ; actuate ; set off ; spark ; spark off ; touch off ; trigger ; trigger off ; trip

actuate the circuits

initiate ; pioneer (take the lead or initiative in; participate in the development of)

come about ; fall out ; go on ; hap ; happen ; occur ; pass ; pass off ; take place (come to pass)

Somebody ----s something Something ----s something

trip ; tripper (a catch mechanism that acts as a switch)

Get high, stoned, or drugged

Verbs of eating and drinking

get off ; trip; trip out ; turn on

He trips every weekend

Somebody ----s Somebody ----s on something

trip (a hallucinatory experience induced by drugs)

  Context examples  

Travel will be possible this month, and if you go for romantic reasons rather than for business, you will have a dream of a trip .

(AstrologyZone.com, by Susan Miller)

An' I wisht I'd never started on this trip , Henry.

(White Fang, by Jack London)

Let your flowers hang, don't be so careful of them, and be sure you don't trip , returned Sallie, trying not to care that Meg was prettier than herself.

(Little Women, by Louisa May Alcott)

“As you said we could make a little trip of it, and go over together, if it was done, Minnie and me—and you.”

(David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens)

“Watson, your country- trip has been a distinct success. I have had a charming morning.”

(The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle)

He tripped and was pulled off his feet.

(The Call of the Wild, by Jack London)

The captain, a wise man, after many endeavours to catch me tripping in some part of my story, at last began to have a better opinion of my veracity.

(Gulliver's Travels into several remote nations of the world, by Jonathan Swift)

There he sits as easy and happy as if he was at home, in the chair by his fireside; he trips against no stones, saves shoe-leather, and gets on he hardly knows how.

(Fairy Tales, by The Brothers Grimm)

Ere long, Adele's little foot was heard tripping across the hall.

(Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Brontë)

This fifth trip was quite different from any of the others.

(Treasure Island, by Robert Louis Stevenson)

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Translations of a trip

German : eine reise 0 rating rating ratings Bernice Gislason

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a trip should be in sentence

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a trip pronunciation with meanings, synonyms, antonyms, translations, sentences and more

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trip noun 1

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What does the noun trip mean?

There are 25 meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun trip , three of which are labelled obsolete. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.

trip has developed meanings and uses in subjects including

Entry status

OED is undergoing a continuous programme of revision to modernize and improve definitions. This entry has not yet been fully revised.

How common is the noun trip ?

How is the noun trip pronounced, british english, u.s. english, where does the noun trip come from.

Earliest known use

Middle English

The earliest known use of the noun trip is in the Middle English period (1150—1500).

OED's earliest evidence for trip is from around 1412–20, in a translation by John Lydgate, poet and prior of Hatfield Regis.

It is also recorded as a verb from the Middle English period (1150—1500).

trip is formed within English, by conversion.

Etymons: trip v.

Nearby entries

  • Trionyx, n. 1835–
  • trioperculate, adj. 1900–
  • triorchis, n. 1650–
  • triose, n. 1894–
  • triose phosphate, n. 1934–
  • trio-sonata, n. 1884–
  • triovulate, adj. 1891–
  • trioxan, n. 1915–
  • trioxide, n. 1868–
  • trioxy-, comb. form
  • trip, n.¹ 1412–
  • trip, n.² 1305–
  • trip, n.³ c1386–1849
  • trip, n.⁴ 1600
  • Trip, n.⁵ 1909–
  • trip, v. c1380–
  • tripack, n. 1911–
  • tripair, n. 1878–
  • tripal | trypal, adj. & n. 1709–
  • tripaleolate, adj. 1866–
  • tripalmitin, n. 1855–

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Meaning & use

Pronunciation, compounds & derived words, entry history for trip, n.¹.

trip, n.¹ was first published in 1915; not yet revised.

trip, n.¹ was last modified in September 2023.

Revision of the OED is a long-term project. Entries in oed.com which have not been revised may include:

  • corrections and revisions to definitions, pronunciation, etymology, headwords, variant spellings, quotations, and dates;
  • new senses, phrases, and quotations which have been added in subsequent print and online updates.

Revisions and additions of this kind were last incorporated into trip, n.¹ in September 2023.

Earlier versions of this entry were published in:

OED First Edition (1915)

  • Find out more

OED Second Edition (1989)

  • View trip, n.¹ in OED Second Edition

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Citation details

Factsheet for trip, n.¹, browse entry.

Cambridge Dictionary

  • Cambridge Dictionary +Plus

Meaning of trip in English

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trip noun ( TRAVEL )

  • You should always check your oil , water and tyres before taking your car on a long trip.
  • How about a trip to the zoo this afternoon ?
  • She's going on a trip to New York, all expenses paid .
  • The travel company has written giving information about the trip.
  • He's always going off around the world on business trips, leaving his wife to cope with the babies by herself.
  • break-journey
  • circumnavigation

trip noun ( FALL )

  • collapse under someone's/something's weight
  • collapse/fall in a heap idiom
  • drop like flies idiom
  • knock someone over
  • let go idiom
  • overbalance
  • parachutist
  • trip (someone) up

trip noun ( EXPERIENCE )

  • abstinence-only
  • altered state of consciousness
  • magic mushroom
  • solvent abuse

trip verb ( LOSE BALANCE )

  • fall She slipped and fell.
  • drop Several apples dropped from the tree.
  • collapse Several buildings collapsed in the earthquake.
  • crumple He fainted and crumpled into a heap on the floor.
  • tumble A huge rock tumbled down the mountain.
  • plunge Four of the mountaineers plunged to their deaths when their ropes broke.
  • The bowler tripped as he was delivering the ball .
  • She tripped and fell over.
  • I tripped as I got off the bus .
  • She tripped over the rug .
  • I tripped on a piece of wire that someone had stretched across the path .

trip verb ( MOVE )

  • bowl down/along something
  • make a dash for something
  • make good time idiom
  • make haste idiom

trip verb ( SWITCH )

  • anti-static
  • capacitance
  • electricity
  • high-voltage
  • non-electric
  • non-electrical
  • non-electronic
  • solid-state
  • transistorized

trip verb ( EXPERIENCE )

Phrasal verb, trip | intermediate english, trip noun [c] ( travel ), trip noun [c] ( experience ), trip verb [i/t] ( lose balance ), trip | business english, examples of trip, collocations with trip.

These are words often used in combination with trip .

Click on a collocation to see more examples of it.

Translations of trip

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Fakes and forgeries (Things that are not what they seem to be)

trip pronunciation in english

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  • trip (TRAVEL)
  • trip (FALL)
  • trip (EXPERIENCE)
  • guilt/power/ego trip
  • trip (LOSE BALANCE)
  • trip (MOVE)
  • trip (SWITCH)
  • Business    Noun
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Definition of intrepid

Did you know.

Don't Be Afraid to Learn About Intrepid

If you’re going to name a ship, whether an aircraft carrier or an interstellar starship , you could do worse than to name it the Intrepid, as both the United States military and Star Trek writers have done, respectively. (Technically “Intrepid” is a class of Trek ships that includes the Voyager , etc., but you get the drift.) Intrepid , after all, comes from the Latin word intrepidus , itself formed by the combination of the prefix in- , meaning “not,” and the adjective trepidus , meaning “alarmed.” When not designating sea or space vessels, intrepid aptly describes anyone—from explorers to reporters—who ventures bravely into unknown territory, though often you’ll see the word loaded with irony , as in “an intrepid couch surfer endeavored to watch every installment of the beloved sci-fi series in chronological order.” Intrepid word lovers may be interested to know of the existence of trepid , meaning “fearful”; it predates intrepid but most are too trepid (or simply unaware of its existence) to use it.

  • greathearted
  • heroical
  • lionhearted
  • stouthearted
  • undauntable

Examples of intrepid in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'intrepid.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Latin intrepidus , from in- + trepidus alarmed — more at trepidation

1680, in the meaning defined above

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“Intrepid.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/intrepid. Accessed 26 Jun. 2024.

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Kids definition of intrepid, more from merriam-webster on intrepid.

Nglish: Translation of intrepid for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of intrepid for Arabic Speakers

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Dear Duolingo: Why doesn't Duolingo start with the ABCs?

Dear Duolingo: Why doesn't Duolingo start with the ABCs?

Welcome to another week of Dear Duolingo, an advice column just for learners. Catch up on past installments here .

Hello there, dear learners! Dr. Hope Wilson here. I'm excited to answer this week's Dear Duolingo question because it touches on something near and dear to my heart (which also happens to be my job): figuring out the best way to teach languages! Specifically, figuring out the best order for teaching language topics—something a little bit harder than A, B, C, and more complicated than 1, 2, 3…

Our question this week:

Illustration of a letter to Dear Duolingo that reads: Dear Duolingo, ¡Hola! When I studied Spanish in middle and high school, we learned the ABCs, numbers, and colors first, like in pre-school. When my niece started on Duolingo, I was surprised that the course didn't start with those topics, too. ¿Por qué? Muchas gracias, Where to Start

I had the exact same experience in middle school Spanish! Just like you, we started with those basic childhood building blocks, chanting ah be ce de eh efe ge and differentiating things that were rojo from things that were azul. 

So it was quite a surprise when, in college, my first Russian class jumped right into having us talk about what our major was. We didn’t even learn our first number until we started learning how to go shopping, which was a few months in! And even though we learned to write in Cyrillic , we didn’t actually learn the names of the letters.

Why were these two classes structured so differently? Because they adopted two very different teaching philosophies. My college class—like Duolingo—was based in the *communicative approach* to language teaching.

Why Duolingo adopts a communicative approach

When we’re building a Duolingo course, we make a few assumptions about our learners:

  • We assume that most of our learners are adults. This isn’t 100% true, of course—but we assume our learners can already read and write in their language and that they have lives and interests typical of adults.
  • We assume that most of our learners want to use the language. Note that this isn’t universally true, either. Some people want to learn a language just for fun! But most of our learners want to learn languages so they can communicate .

So if a learner is using a language to live their lives, they need to be able to accomplish certain things with that language. For example, they need to be able to hold a conversation about themselves and their lives so they can connect to other people. They also need to be able to go to a store and buy their own food, instead of acting like a baby and wordlessly screaming until food is brought to them. ( Babies have it so easy. )

A communicative language course is designed to teach learners what they need to live their lives—and to do so from the very start. Things like the alphabet and colors and even details about grammar take a backseat. 

We do this by systematically identifying and defining communicative objectives that vary according to language level.

So the Duolingo courses that are CEFR-aligned —designed to meet international language standards— generally start from the first unit with phrases like Coffee, please! (We understand what matters in life.) And we try to cover topics like the following within the first 15 units of a course:

  • How do you order food?
  • How do you get help during a minor emergency? Like, what if you’re lost or your phone runs out of battery—what do you do?
  • How do you navigate passport control and customs after you arrive in a new country?
  • How do you navigate a store to find crucial supplies, like chargers and socks?

By ensuring that we cover this stuff first, we equip learners with what we sometimes refer to as “survival language”—the stuff you need to meet the lowest level on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Once you've learned that, only then do we start to branch out into things that are less immediately necessary.

Is there a place for the ABCs?

So does a Duolingo course even teach those traditional “building blocks”?

Well, in keeping with our communication-focused approach, we teach these concepts when they’re needed. For example, we tend to teach numbers when they're essential to the topic—like paying a bill or telling the time. Colors are taught when learning about clothing and differentiating items from one another.

As for the alphabet, it becomes relevant at different times for different languages. Let’s say I was constructing a Spanish course. I might consider the following:

  • My beginning learners do need to know how to pronounce words, so they can effectively read Spanish.
  • My beginning learners don’t really need to know letter names, because they can always ask someone to write something down. (And writing Spanish is a skill that's useful for more than just spelling your name or an address!)
  • And they don’t really need to know specific spelling rules yet, because they can always use spell check to help them. (Beginners aren't writing professional emails or college essays.)

Now, if I was designing advanced Spanish lessons, this might be different. Maybe I’d want my advanced learners to have absolute precision in their spelling—and in that case, maybe I’d want to teach them the specifics of the alphabet. (So, ironically enough, this “basic building block” is actually primarily useful for advanced learners!)

I might also time things differently for an English course. ( English spelling and pronunciation are tricky, and learners often need extra support — that’s why our English courses now have extra pronunciation features.) And, of course, if I were teaching Japanese to an English-speaking learner, we’d have to spend some time learning to read and write three writing systems ! (And luckily, Duolingo has a tool for that .) So there can be variation in what gets taught first.

Basically… the "basics" aren't so basic!

We build Duolingo courses to get to what matters most as quickly as possible, so that our learners can fill their most basic needs right away. And learning the ABCs isn’t nearly as important as being able to communicate ASAP!

For more answers to your language and learning questions, get in touch with us by emailing [email protected] .

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    (English spelling and pronunciation are tricky, and learners often need extra support — that's why our English courses now have extra pronunciation features.) And, of course, if I were teaching Japanese to an English-speaking learner, we'd have to spend some time learning to read and write three writing systems!